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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
Income Taxes
We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $56 million and $206 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to income tax expense of $94 million and $197 million for the same periods in 2015. The changes in income tax expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to the same periods in 2015, were primarily driven by a tax benefit that resulted from a U.S. tax reserve release related to a prior year federal return that reduced our liability for unrecognized tax benefits during the three months ended June 30, 2016, by $175 million. This tax benefit was offset by increases in tax expense attributable to higher pretax earnings and the establishment of a valuation allowance on capital loss carryforwards.
As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for certain foreign tax credits and state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to these carryforwards.
Finally, as a result of the U.S. tax reserve release previously mentioned, we recorded additional capital loss carryforward deferred tax assets of $93 million. After assessing the positive and negative evidence surrounding our ability to realize these carryforwards before expiration, we established a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets.