Investment Securities

Our portfolio of securities includes bonds, equity securities, ABS, MBS, interests in securitization trusts, and other investments. The cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities were as follows.



	2014									2013
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized					Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrealized					Fair value
December 31, ($ in millions)	Amortized cost		gains		losses			Fair value		Amortized cost		gains		losses			Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	1,195	$	1	$	(18	)	$	1,178	$	1,495	$	1	$	(69	)	$	1,427
U.S. States and political subdivisions	389		17		—			406		316		—		(1		)	315
Foreign government	224		8		—			232		287		4		(3		)	288
Mortgage-backed residential (a)	10,431		119		(125		)	10,425		11,131		49		(398		)	10,782
Mortgage-backed commercial	254		—		(1		)	253		39		—		—			39
Asset-backed	1,989		5		(3		)	1,991		2,207		15		(3		)	2,219
Corporate debt	734		14		(2		)	746		1,052		23		(6		)	1,069
Total debt securities	15,216		164		(149		)	15,231		16,527		92		(480		)	16,139
Equity securities	891		49		(34		)	906		898		74		(28		)	944
Total available-for-sale securities (b)	$	16,107	$	213	$	(183	)	$	16,137	$	17,425	$	166	$	(508	)	$	17,083


(a)	Residential MBS include agency-backed bonds totaling $7,557 million and $8,266 million at December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively.


(b)	Certain entities related to our Insurance operations are required to deposit securities with state regulatory authorities. These deposited securities totaled $15 million and $15 million at December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively.

The maturity distribution of available-for-sale debt securities outstanding is summarized in the following tables. Prepayments may cause actual maturities to differ from scheduled maturities.



	Total				Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years (a)
($ in millions)	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
December 31, 2014
Fair value of available-for-sale debt securities (b)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	1,178	1.5	%	$	7	3.0	%	$	677	1.2	%	$	494	1.9	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	406		3.7		34		1.9		12		2.1		106		3.0		254		4.3
Foreign government	232		2.7		—		—		128		2.5		104		2.9		—		—
Mortgage-backed residential	10,425		2.6		34		3.1		58		2.1		—		—		10,333		2.6
Mortgage-backed commercial	253		1.5		—		—		30		1.8		—		—		223		1.4
Asset-backed	1,991		1.9		—		—		1,311		1.9		463		2.0		217		2.2
Corporate debt	746		3.2		33		3.1		460		2.7		216		3.8		37		5.6
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	15,231	2.5		$	108	2.7		$	2,676	1.9		$	1,383	2.4		$	11,064	2.6
Amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities	$	15,216			$	108			$	2,674			$	1,374			$	11,060
December 31, 2013
Fair value of available-for-sale debt securities (b)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	1,427	1.3	%	$	9	3.0	%	$	766	1.2	%	$	652	1.3	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. States and political subdivisions	315		3.3		39		1.3		10		0.6		102		2.6		164		4.3
Foreign government	288		2.7		18		2.7		105		2.4		164		2.9		1		2.7
Mortgage-backed residential	10,782		2.7		—		—		90		2.1		3		4.2		10,689		2.7
Mortgage-backed commercial	39		1.3		—		—		—		—		—		—		39		1.3
Asset-backed	2,219		2.0		76		2.4		1,483		1.9		491		1.9		169		2.7
Corporate debt	1,069		4.1		24		3.4		547		3.0		430		5.3		68		5.7
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	16,139	2.5		$	166	2.3		$	3,001	1.9		$	1,842	2.5		$	11,130	2.7
Amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities	$	16,527			$	165			$	3,000			$	1,882			$	11,480


(a)	Investments with no stated maturities are included as contractual maturities of greater than 10 years. Actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment options.


(b)	Yields on tax-exempt obligations are computed on a tax-equivalent basis.

The balances of cash equivalents were $2.0 billion and $2.4 billion at December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively, and were composed primarily of money market accounts and short-term securities, including U.S. Treasury bills.

The following table presents interest and dividends on available-for-sale securities.



Year ended December 31, ($ in millions)	2014		2013		2012
Taxable interest	$	336	$	297	$	262
Taxable dividends	20		25		30
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax	11		3		—
Interest and dividends on available-for-sale securities	$	367	$	325	$	292

The following table presents gross gains and losses realized upon the sales of available-for-sale securities and other-than-temporary impairment.



Year ended December 31, ($ in millions)	2014			2013			2012
Gross realized gains	$	209		$	221		$	241
Gross realized losses	(14		)	(21		)	(34		)
Other-than-temporary impairment	(14		)	(20		)	(61		)
Other gain on investments, net	$	181		$	180		$	146

Certain available-for-sale securities were sold at a loss in 2014, 2013, and 2012 as a result of market conditions within these respective periods (e.g., a downgrade in the rating of a debt security), in accordance with our risk management policies and practices. The table below summarizes available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position in accumulated other comprehensive income. Based on the methodology that was applied to these securities, we believe that the unrealized losses relate to factors other than credit losses in the current market environment. As of December 31, 2014, we did not have the intent to sell the debt securities with an unrealized loss position in accumulated other comprehensive income, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2014, we had the ability and intent to hold equity securities with an unrealized loss position in accumulated other comprehensive income, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. As a result, we believe that the securities with an unrealized loss position in accumulated other comprehensive income are not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2014. Refer to Note 1 for additional information related to investment securities and our methodology for evaluating potential other-than-temporary impairments.



	2014										2013
	Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Less than 12 months					12 months or longer
December 31, ($ in millions)	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	$	297	$	(3	)	$	859	$	(15	)	$	1,405	$	(69	)	$	—	$	—
U.S. States and political subdivisions	50		—			—		—			212		(1		)	—		—
Foreign government	—		—			—		—			114		(3		)	—		—
Mortgage-backed	1,172		(10		)	3,098		(116		)	7,503		(388		)	100		(10		)
Asset-backed	819		(3		)	8		—			407		(3		)	1		—
Corporate debt	132		(2		)	11		—			310		(6		)	3		—
Total temporarily impaired debt securities	2,470		(18		)	3,976		(131		)	9,951		(470		)	104		(10		)
Temporarily impaired equity securities	231		(24		)	40		(10		)	167		(12		)	100		(16		)
Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities	$	2,701	$	(42	)	$	4,016	$	(141	)	$	10,118	$	(482	)	$	204	$	(26	)