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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
Income Taxes
We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations of $15 million and $79 million during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, compared to $83 million and $13 million for the same periods in 2011. Income tax expense resulted primarily from tax expense attributable to profitable foreign entities.
Our U.S. net deferred tax assets continue to be offset fully by a valuation allowance, and as such, we continue to experience a significant variation in the customary relationship between income tax expense and pretax accounting income. As discussed in Note 1, during the six months ended June 30, 2012, we incurred material U.S. pretax charges related to the Debtors' Bankruptcy filing. No net tax benefit was currently recognized on these charges due to an offsetting increase in the valuation allowance. This was partially offset by a $23 million reversal of a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets in our Italian subsidiary.
During the six months ended June 30, 2012, income tax expense from continuing operations was also reduced by $26 million stemming from the application of intraperiod tax allocation requirements which provide that all sources of future taxable income (e.g., other comprehensive income and discontinued operations) be considered in determining the amount of tax benefit that results from a continuing operations loss. Income tax expenses of $23 million and $3 million were recorded in other comprehensive income and discontinued operations, respectively, offsetting the $26 million benefit.
A sustained period of profitability in our U.S. operations is required before we would change our judgment regarding the need for a full valuation allowance against our net U.S. deferred tax assets. Continued improvement in our U.S. operating results throughout 2012 could lead to the reversal of a portion of our U.S. valuation allowance during the next twelve months.
As discussed in Note 1, on May 14, 2012, we deconsolidated ResCap for financial reporting purposes. For U.S. federal tax purposes, however, ResCap will continue to be included in our consolidated return filing until ultimate disposition of our ownership in ResCap. Under the proposed Bankruptcy Plan and given that the Debtors are disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes, we do not anticipate a reduction to our net deferred tax assets as a result of the Bankruptcy filing.