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Leases Lessor, Operating Leases (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]  
Lessee, Finance Leases [Text Block] Leases

Adoption of ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)"

In the first quarter of 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02 using the modified retrospective transition method with a cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption. Amounts for comparative periods are not required to be included in the footnote disclosures. See "Note 2. Accounting Changes" for additional information and impact on our financial statements from adoption of this standard.

We elected the package of practical expedients related to whether a contract is or contains a lease, lease classification and initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient that allows lessors and lessees to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease components for operating leases.

The adoption of this new standard required us to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet attributable to operating leases for railcars, offices, and certain equipment. In addition, the adoption of this new standard also required us to eliminate deferred gains associated with our railcar sale-leaseback financing arrangements, resulting in a one-time increase to equity.

The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on our cash flows.

GATX as Lessor

We lease railcars and other operating assets under full-service and net operating leases. We price full-service leases as an integrated service that includes amounts related to maintenance, insurance, and ad valorem taxes. Upon adoption of the new lease accounting standard in 2019, we elected the lessor practical expedient which allows us not to separate lease and non-lease components when reporting revenue for our full-service operating leases. In some cases, we lease railcars that, at commencement, are classified as finance leases. For certain operating leases, revenue is based on equipment usage and is recognized when earned. Typically, our leases do not provide customers with renewal options or options to purchase the asset. Our lease agreements do not generally have residual value guarantees. We collect reimbursements from customers for damage to our railcars, as well as additional rental payments for usage above specified levels, as provided in the lease agreements.

The following table shows the components of our lease income for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Operating lease income:
 
Fixed lease income
$
1,017.7

Variable lease income
65.2

Total operating lease income
$
1,082.9

Finance lease income
9.8

Total lease income
$
1,092.7



In accordance with the terms of our leases with customers, we may earn additional revenue, primarily for customer liability repairs. The amount is reported in other revenue in the statements of comprehensive income and was $88.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table shows the components of our finance leases as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
Total contractual lease payments receivable
$
84.4

 
$
119.5

Estimated unguaranteed residual value of leased assets
40.7

 
57.5

Unearned income
(34.8
)
 
(50.6
)
Finance leases
$
90.3

 
$
126.4



The following table shows our future contractual receipts from our finance leases and noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 
 
Operating Leases (1)
 
Finance Leases
 
Total
2020
$
938.4

 
$
19.7

 
$
958.1

2021
726.4

 
13.7

 
740.1

2022
532.9

 
21.9

 
554.8

2023
399.3

 
7.2

 
406.5

2024
261.5

 
7.7

 
269.2

Years thereafter
289.9

 
14.2

 
304.1

 
$
3,148.4

 
$
84.4

 
$
3,232.8

__________
(1)
The future contractual receipts due under our full-service operating leases include executory costs such as maintenance, car taxes, and insurance.

GATX as Lessee

We lease assets, including railcars at North America, as well as other assets such as offices, maintenance facilities, and other general purpose equipment. The railcars are subleased to customers as part of our normal course of operations. Certain leases have options to purchase the underlying assets early, renew the lease, or purchase the underlying assets at the end of the lease term. The specific terms of the renewal and purchase options vary, and we did not include these amounts in our future contractual rental payments. Additionally, the contractual rental payments do not include amounts we are required to pay for licenses, taxes, insurance, and maintenance. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. At December 31, 2019, we leased approximately 8,200 railcars at Rail North America, all of which are accounted for as operating leases.

We use the implicit rate to calculate the right-of-use asset amount and lease liability for our leases when readily determinable. Specifically, the implicit rate was measurable for railcars leased at Rail North America. For our other operating leases, an implicit rate was not determinable, and we used our incremental borrowing rate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table shows the components of lease expense for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Finance lease cost:
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets
$
0.7

Interest on lease liabilities
0.3

Operating lease cost (1):
 
Fixed lease cost - operating leases
60.0

Total lease cost
$
61.0

________
(1)
Total operating lease cost includes amounts recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. Operating lease cost also includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.

Operating lease cost includes amounts attributable to sale lease-back financing transactions for railcars we lease to customers. Lease revenue of $70.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 was recognized in connection with these operating leases.

The following table shows the maturities of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
 
Total
2020
$
66.2

 
$
7.9

 
$
74.1

2021
64.6

 
—

 
64.6

2022
56.6

 
—

 
56.6

2023
54.6

 
—

 
54.6

2024
50.2

 
—

 
50.2

Years thereafter
219.6

 
—

 
219.6

Total undiscounted lease payments
$
511.8

 
$
7.9

 
$
519.7

Less: amounts representing interest
(79.5
)
 
—

 
(79.5
)
Total discounted lease liabilities
$
432.3

 
$
7.9

 
$
440.2


The following table shows assets recorded as finance leases as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
Railcars
$
9.0

 
$
19.3

Less: allowance for depreciation
(0.1
)
 
(2.5
)
Finance leases, net of accumulated depreciation
$
8.9

 
$
16.8


In 2019, we exercised an option to acquire 157 railcars previously recorded on the balance sheet as a finance lease for $10.5 million.

The following table shows the lease terms and discount rates related to leases as of December 31:
 
2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
 
Operating leases
9.6

Finance leases (1)
—

Weighted-average discount rate:
 
Operating leases
3.66
%
Finance leases
2.26
%

________
(1)
The weighted-average remaining lease term for outstanding finance leases was less than one year.
The following table shows other information related to leases for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
Operating cash flows for operating leases
$
66.9

Operating cash flows for finance leases
0.3

Financing cash flows for finance leases
11.3

Total cash for leases
$
78.5
Lessor, Operating Leases [Text Block]

Adoption of ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)"

In the first quarter of 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02 using the modified retrospective transition method with a cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption. Amounts for comparative periods are not required to be included in the footnote disclosures. See "Note 2. Accounting Changes" for additional information and impact on our financial statements from adoption of this standard.

We elected the package of practical expedients related to whether a contract is or contains a lease, lease classification and initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient that allows lessors and lessees to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease components for operating leases.

The adoption of this new standard required us to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet attributable to operating leases for railcars, offices, and certain equipment. In addition, the adoption of this new standard also required us to eliminate deferred gains associated with our railcar sale-leaseback financing arrangements, resulting in a one-time increase to equity.

The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on our cash flows.

GATX as Lessor

We lease railcars and other operating assets under full-service and net operating leases. We price full-service leases as an integrated service that includes amounts related to maintenance, insurance, and ad valorem taxes. Upon adoption of the new lease accounting standard in 2019, we elected the lessor practical expedient which allows us not to separate lease and non-lease components when reporting revenue for our full-service operating leases. In some cases, we lease railcars that, at commencement, are classified as finance leases. For certain operating leases, revenue is based on equipment usage and is recognized when earned. Typically, our leases do not provide customers with renewal options or options to purchase the asset. Our lease agreements do not generally have residual value guarantees. We collect reimbursements from customers for damage to our railcars, as well as additional rental payments for usage above specified levels, as provided in the lease agreements.

The following table shows the components of our lease income for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Operating lease income:
 
Fixed lease income
$
1,017.7

Variable lease income
65.2

Total operating lease income
$
1,082.9

Finance lease income
9.8

Total lease income
$
1,092.7



In accordance with the terms of our leases with customers, we may earn additional revenue, primarily for customer liability repairs. The amount is reported in other revenue in the statements of comprehensive income and was $88.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table shows the components of our finance leases as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
Total contractual lease payments receivable
$
84.4

 
$
119.5

Estimated unguaranteed residual value of leased assets
40.7

 
57.5

Unearned income
(34.8
)
 
(50.6
)
Finance leases
$
90.3

 
$
126.4



The following table shows our future contractual receipts from our finance leases and noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 
 
Operating Leases (1)
 
Finance Leases
 
Total
2020
$
938.4

 
$
19.7

 
$
958.1

2021
726.4

 
13.7

 
740.1

2022
532.9

 
21.9

 
554.8

2023
399.3

 
7.2

 
406.5

2024
261.5

 
7.7

 
269.2

Years thereafter
289.9

 
14.2

 
304.1

 
$
3,148.4

 
$
84.4

 
$
3,232.8

__________
(1)
The future contractual receipts due under our full-service operating leases include executory costs such as maintenance, car taxes, and insurance.

GATX as Lessee

We lease assets, including railcars at North America, as well as other assets such as offices, maintenance facilities, and other general purpose equipment. The railcars are subleased to customers as part of our normal course of operations. Certain leases have options to purchase the underlying assets early, renew the lease, or purchase the underlying assets at the end of the lease term. The specific terms of the renewal and purchase options vary, and we did not include these amounts in our future contractual rental payments. Additionally, the contractual rental payments do not include amounts we are required to pay for licenses, taxes, insurance, and maintenance. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. At December 31, 2019, we leased approximately 8,200 railcars at Rail North America, all of which are accounted for as operating leases.

We use the implicit rate to calculate the right-of-use asset amount and lease liability for our leases when readily determinable. Specifically, the implicit rate was measurable for railcars leased at Rail North America. For our other operating leases, an implicit rate was not determinable, and we used our incremental borrowing rate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table shows the components of lease expense for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Finance lease cost:
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets
$
0.7

Interest on lease liabilities
0.3

Operating lease cost (1):
 
Fixed lease cost - operating leases
60.0

Total lease cost
$
61.0

________
(1)
Total operating lease cost includes amounts recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. Operating lease cost also includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.

Operating lease cost includes amounts attributable to sale lease-back financing transactions for railcars we lease to customers. Lease revenue of $70.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 was recognized in connection with these operating leases.

The following table shows the maturities of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
 
Total
2020
$
66.2

 
$
7.9

 
$
74.1

2021
64.6

 
—

 
64.6

2022
56.6

 
—

 
56.6

2023
54.6

 
—

 
54.6

2024
50.2

 
—

 
50.2

Years thereafter
219.6

 
—

 
219.6

Total undiscounted lease payments
$
511.8

 
$
7.9

 
$
519.7

Less: amounts representing interest
(79.5
)
 
—

 
(79.5
)
Total discounted lease liabilities
$
432.3

 
$
7.9

 
$
440.2


The following table shows assets recorded as finance leases as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
Railcars
$
9.0

 
$
19.3

Less: allowance for depreciation
(0.1
)
 
(2.5
)
Finance leases, net of accumulated depreciation
$
8.9

 
$
16.8


In 2019, we exercised an option to acquire 157 railcars previously recorded on the balance sheet as a finance lease for $10.5 million.

The following table shows the lease terms and discount rates related to leases as of December 31:
 
2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
 
Operating leases
9.6

Finance leases (1)
—

Weighted-average discount rate:
 
Operating leases
3.66
%
Finance leases
2.26
%

________
(1)
The weighted-average remaining lease term for outstanding finance leases was less than one year.
The following table shows other information related to leases for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
Operating cash flows for operating leases
$
66.9

Operating cash flows for finance leases
0.3

Financing cash flows for finance leases
11.3

Total cash for leases
$
78.5
Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]
GATX as Lessee

We lease assets, including railcars at North America, as well as other assets such as offices, maintenance facilities, and other general purpose equipment. The railcars are subleased to customers as part of our normal course of operations. Certain leases have options to purchase the underlying assets early, renew the lease, or purchase the underlying assets at the end of the lease term. The specific terms of the renewal and purchase options vary, and we did not include these amounts in our future contractual rental payments. Additionally, the contractual rental payments do not include amounts we are required to pay for licenses, taxes, insurance, and maintenance. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. At December 31, 2019, we leased approximately 8,200 railcars at Rail North America, all of which are accounted for as operating leases.

We use the implicit rate to calculate the right-of-use asset amount and lease liability for our leases when readily determinable. Specifically, the implicit rate was measurable for railcars leased at Rail North America. For our other operating leases, an implicit rate was not determinable, and we used our incremental borrowing rate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table shows the components of lease expense for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Finance lease cost:
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets
$
0.7

Interest on lease liabilities
0.3

Operating lease cost (1):
 
Fixed lease cost - operating leases
60.0

Total lease cost
$
61.0

________
(1)
Total operating lease cost includes amounts recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. Operating lease cost also includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.

Operating lease cost includes amounts attributable to sale lease-back financing transactions for railcars we lease to customers. Lease revenue of $70.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 was recognized in connection with these operating leases.

The following table shows the maturities of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
 
Total
2020
$
66.2

 
$
7.9

 
$
74.1

2021
64.6

 
—

 
64.6

2022
56.6

 
—

 
56.6

2023
54.6

 
—

 
54.6

2024
50.2

 
—

 
50.2

Years thereafter
219.6

 
—

 
219.6

Total undiscounted lease payments
$
511.8

 
$
7.9

 
$
519.7

Less: amounts representing interest
(79.5
)
 
—

 
(79.5
)
Total discounted lease liabilities
$
432.3

 
$
7.9

 
$
440.2


The following table shows assets recorded as finance leases as of December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
Railcars
$
9.0

 
$
19.3

Less: allowance for depreciation
(0.1
)
 
(2.5
)
Finance leases, net of accumulated depreciation
$
8.9

 
$
16.8


In 2019, we exercised an option to acquire 157 railcars previously recorded on the balance sheet as a finance lease for $10.5 million.

The following table shows the lease terms and discount rates related to leases as of December 31:
 
2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
 
Operating leases
9.6

Finance leases (1)
—

Weighted-average discount rate:
 
Operating leases
3.66
%
Finance leases
2.26
%

________
(1)
The weighted-average remaining lease term for outstanding finance leases was less than one year.
The following table shows other information related to leases for the year ending December 31 (in millions):
 
2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
Operating cash flows for operating leases
$
66.9

Operating cash flows for finance leases
0.3

Financing cash flows for finance leases
11.3

Total cash for leases
$
78.5