Asset impairment and other (gains) charges

As events occur, or circumstances change, we may recognize non-cash impairment charges to reduce the book value of goodwill, other intangible assets and other long-lived assets or to record charges (gains) related to facility consolidations efforts, or unique events.

A summary of these items by year (pre-tax basis) is presented below (in thousands):



	2018			2017		2016
Property and equipment (gains) impairments	$	(5,989	)	$	2,183	$	6,085
Lease exit and other charges	551			1,350		4,558
Hurricane related losses, net	1,137			896		—
Reimbursement of spectrum repacking	(7,400		)	—		—
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments	—			—		21,487
Total asset impairment and other (gains) charges	$	(11,701	)	$	4,429	$	32,130

Property and equipment (gains) impairments: In 2018 we recognized a $6.0 million gain as a result of the sale of real estate in Houston. During 2017, we recorded $2.2 million of impairment charges associated with operating assets at one of our television stations. The 2016 charge is primarily related to a $4.7 million impairment associated with a long-lived asset that was sold.

Lease exit and other charges: These charges primarily relate to the early exit of various leases. The 2018 and 2016 charges relate to exiting a lease used by our former Cofactor business, which operated within our former Digital segment. The 2017 charge relates to the consolidation of office space at corporate headquarters and at our DMS business unit.

Hurricane related losses, net: In the third quarter of 2017, a few of our television stations were impacted by hurricanes Harvey and Irma and a result, we incurred net losses of $0.9 million, comprised of expenses of $26.9 million, partially offset by $26.0 million of insurance proceeds. We recognized additional losses of $1.1 million related to hurricane damage in 2018.

Reimbursement of spectrum repacking: Some of our stations have had to purchase new equipment in order to comply with the FCC spectrum repacking initiative. As part of this initiative, the FCC is reimbursing companies for costs incurred to comply with the new requirements. In 2018, we received $7.4 million of such reimbursements, which we have recorded as contra expense.

Goodwill and intangible asset impairments: In 2016, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $15.2 million for our former Cofactor reporting unit, representing the full amount of goodwill for that reporting unit. Also in 2016, we recognized a $6.3 million charge associated with an internally produced program.