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Note 8 - Accounting for Share-based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 01, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
Note
8:
Accounting for Share-Based Compensation
 
Overview
 
 
We have various share-based compensation programs, which provide for equity awards including non-qualified stock options, restricted stock shares, restricted stock units, performance awards and deferred compensation. These equity awards fall under several plans and are described in detail in our Annual Report on Form
10
-K for the year ended
December 2, 2017.
 
During the
first
quarter of
2018,
we adopted ASU
No.
2016
-
09,
Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting
. The adoption is required to be implemented prospectively. See Note
1
for additional information regarding ASU
No.
2016
-
09.
 
Grant-Date Fair Value
 
 
We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of an award. The fair value of options granted during the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was calculated using the following weighted average assumptions:
 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 1, 2018
   
September 2, 2017
   
September 1, 2018
   
September 2, 2017
 
Expected life (in years)
   
4.75
     
4.75
   
4.75
   
4.75
 
Weighted-average expected volatility
   
23.36%
     
23.91%
   
23.30%
   
24.84%
 
Expected volatility
   
23.36%
     
23.91%
   
 23.18%
-
23.58%
   
 23.91%
-
24.88%
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
2.72%
     
1.85%
   
 2.38%
-
2.90%
   
1.89%
 
Expected dividend yield
   
1.16%
     
1.15%
   
1.14%
   
1.12%
 
Weighted-average fair value of grants
   
$11.75
     
$10.58
   
$11.38
   
$10.81
 
 
Expected life – We use historical employee exercise and option expiration data to estimate the expected life assumption for the Black-Scholes grant-date valuation. We believe that this historical data is currently the best estimate of the expected term of a new option. We use a weighted-average expected life for all awards.
 
Expected volatility – Volatility is calculated using our stock’s historical volatility for the same period of time as the expected life. We have
no
reason to believe that our future volatility will differ materially from historical volatility.
 
Risk-free interest rate – The rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant for the same period of time as the expected life.
 
Expected dividend yield – The calculation is based on the total expected annual dividend payout divided by the average stock price.
 
Expense
 
We use the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation expense for option awards, restricted stock shares and restricted stock units with graded and cliff vesting. Incentive stock options and performance awards are based on certain performance-based metrics and the expense is adjusted quarterly, based on our projections of the achievement of those metrics. The amount of share-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which for us is the period between the grant-date and the earlier of the award’s stated vesting term or the date the employee is eligible for early vesting based on the terms of the plans.
 
Total share-based compensation expense was
$5,005
and
$3,191
for the
three
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017,
respectively, and
$15,439
and
$12,034
for the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017,
respectively. All share-based compensation expense was recorded as selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense. Beginning with the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018,
excess tax benefits are recorded as income tax expense in accordance with ASU
No.
2016
-
09.
For the
three
and
nine
months ended
September 2, 2017,
there was
$151
and
$1,504
of excess tax benefit recognized in additional paid-in capital, respectively.
 
As of
September 1, 2018,
there was
$14,784
of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock option awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
1.4
years. Unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock units was
$11,749,
which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
1.2
years.
 
Stock Option Activity
 
The stock option activity for the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
is presented below:
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
 
   
Options
   
Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at December 2, 2017
   
3,860,764
    $
42.28
 
Granted
   
810,306
     
53.07
 
Exercised
   
(163,190
)    
30.86
 
Forfeited or cancelled
   
(6,281
)    
44.00
 
Outstanding at September 1, 2018
   
4,501,599
    $
44.64
 
 
The fair value of options granted during the
three
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was
$180
and
$46,
respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during the
three
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was
$2,066
and
$474,
respectively. Intrinsic value is the difference between our closing stock price on the respective trading day and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options exercised. The fair value of options granted during the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was
$9,217
and
$7,803,
respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was
$3,876
and
$7,099,
respectively.
 
Proceeds received from option exercises during the
three
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
were
$2,841
and
$1,107,
respectively, and
$5,228
and
$15,033
during the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
, respectively
.
 
Restricted Stock Activity
 
The nonvested restricted stock activity for the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
is presented below:
 
   
Units
   
Weighted-
Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value
   
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in Years)
 
Nonvested at December 2, 2017
   
462,241
    $
44.80
     
1.0
 
Granted
   
147,601
     
51.29
     
2.4
 
Vested
   
(190,249
)    
43.67
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
(2,947
)    
47.20
     
1.3
 
Nonvested at September 1, 2018
   
416,646
    $
47.60
     
1.2
 
 
Total fair value of restricted stock vested during the
three
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was
$278
and
$250,
respectively. Total fair value of restricted stock vested during the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017
was
$8,755
and
$7,643,
respectively. The total fair value of nonvested restricted stock at
September 1, 2018
was
$19,831.
 
We repurchased
1,945
and
1,837
restricted stock shares during the
three
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017,
respectively, and
68,881
and
55,646
restricted stock shares during the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
and
September 2, 2017,
respectively. The repurchases relate to statutory minimum tax withholding. 
 
Deferred Compensation Activity
 
We have a Directors’ Deferred Compensation plan that allows non-employee directors to defer all or a portion of their directors’ compensation in a number of investment choices, including units representing shares of our common stock. We also have a Key Employee Deferred Compensation Plan that allows key employees to defer a portion of their eligible compensation in a number of investment choices, including units, representing shares of our common stock. We provide a
10
percent match on deferred compensation invested into units, representing shares of our common stock. The deferred compensation unit activity for the
nine
months ended
September 1, 2018
is presented below:
 
   
Non-employee
Directors
   
Employees
   
Total
 
Units outstanding December 2, 2017
   
443,570
     
31,606
     
475,176
 
Participant contributions
   
11,738
     
6,274
     
18,012
 
Company match contributions
   
19,610
     
627
     
20,237
 
Payouts
   
-
     
(6,090
)    
(6,090
)
Units outstanding September 1, 2018
   
474,918
     
32,417
     
507,335
 
 
Deferred compensation units are fully vested at the date of contribution.