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Note 3 - Accounting for Share-based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 03, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
Note
3
: Accounting for Share-Based Compensation
 
Overview
 
We have various share-based compensation programs, which provide for equity awards including non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock shares, restricted stock units, performance awards and deferred compensation. These equity awards fall under several plans and are described below. Starting in
2014
we no longer grant restricted stock shares.
 
Share-based Compensation Plans
 
We currently grant stock options and restricted stock units under equity compensation and deferred compensation plans.
 
Stock options are granted to officers and key employees at prices not less than fair market value at the date of grant. Non-qualified stock options are generally exercisable beginning
one
year from the date of grant in cumulative yearly amounts of
33.3
percent. Incentive stock options are based on certain performance based criteria and are generally exercisable at a stated date when the performance criteria is measured. Stock options generally have a contractual term of
10
years. Options exercised represent newly issued shares.
 
 
Restricted stock awards are nonvested stock-based awards that
may
include grants of restricted stock shares or restricted stock units. Restricted stock awards are independent of option grants and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of the restrictions. Such awards generally vest beginning
one
year from the date of grant or
33.3
percent per year for
three
years, depending on the grant. During the vesting period, ownership of the shares cannot be transferred.
 
Restricted stock shares granted represent newly issued shares and have the same cash dividend and voting rights as other common stock and are considered to be currently issued and outstanding. The cash dividends on restricted stock shares are forfeitable.
 
Restricted stock units have dividend equivalent rights equal to the cash dividend paid on restricted stock shares. However, restricted stock units do not have voting rights of common stock and are not considered issued and outstanding upon grant. Restricted stock units become newly issued shares when vested. The dividend equivalent rights for restricted stock units are forfeitable.
 
We expense the cost, which is the grant date fair market value, of both the restricted stock shares and the restricted stock units ratably over the period during which the restrictions lapse. The grant date fair value is our closing stock price on the date of grant.
 
We are required to recognize compensation expense when an employee is eligible to retire. We consider employees eligible to retire at age
55
and after
10
years of service. Accordingly, the related compensation expense is recognized immediately for awards granted to retirement eligible employees or over the period from the grant date to the date retirement eligibility is achieved, if less than the stated vesting period.
 
Year
201
6
Master Incentive Plan
 
This plan allows for granting of awards to employees. The plan permits granting of (a) stock options; (b) stock appreciation rights; (c) restricted stock awards; (d) performance awards; (e) dividend equivalents; and (f) other awards based on our common stock, including shares for amounts employees deferred under the Key Employee Deferred Compensation Plan.
 
2009
Directors’ Stock Incentive Plan
 
This plan permits granting of (a) shares for amounts non-employee directors defer under the Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan and (b) discretionary grants of restricted stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance awards and other stock awards.      
 
Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan
 
This plan allows non-employee directors to defer all or a portion of their retainer and meeting fees in a number of investment choices, including units representing shares of our common stock. We provide a
10
percent match on deferred compensation invested in these units. These units are required to be paid out in our common stock.
 
Key Employee Deferred Compensation Plan
 
This plan allows key employees to defer a portion of their eligible compensation in a number of investment choices, including units representing shares of company common stock. We provide a
10
percent match on deferred compensation invested in these units.
 
 
Grant-Date Fair Value
 
We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of stock option awards. The fair value of options granted during
2016,
2015
and
2014
were calculated using the following assumptions:
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
 
2014
 
Expected life (in years)
 
 
 
4.75
 
 
 
   
 
4.62 
 
     
 
4.75 
 
 
Weighted-average expected volatility
 
 
 
28.95%
 
 
   
 
30.81%
 
     
 
33.83%
 
 
Expected volatility range
 
 
24.86%
-
29.23%
 
   
25.50%
-
31.67%
     
31.61%
-
37.06%
 
Risk-free interest rate
 
 
 
1.43%
 
     
 
1.27% 
 
     
 
1.52%
 
 
Expected dividend yield
 
 
 
1.54%
 
 
   
 
1.12%
 
     
 
0.85%
 
 
Weighted-average fair value of grants
 
 
 
$7.75
 
 
   
 
$10.05
 
     
 
$13.82
 
 
 
Expected life – We use historical employee exercise and option expiration data to estimate the expected life assumption for the Black-Scholes grant-date valuation. We believe that this historical data is currently the best estimate of the expected term of a new option. We use a weighted-average expected life for all awards.
 
Expected volatility – Volatility is calculated using our stock’s historical volatility for the same period of time as the expected life. We have no reason to believe that its future volatility will differ from the past.
 
Risk-free interest rate – The rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant for the same period of time as the expected life.
 
Expected dividend yield – The calculation is based on the total expected annual dividend payout divided by the average stock price.
 
Expense
 
We use the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation expense for option awards, restricted stock shares and restricted stock units with graded and cliff vesting. Incentive stock options and performance awards are based on certain performance-based metrics and the expense is adjusted quarterly, based on our projections of the achievement of those metrics. The amount of share-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which for us is the period between the grant date and the earlier of the award’s stated vesting term or the date the employee is eligible for early vesting based on the terms of the plans.
 
Total share-based compensation expense was
$13,344,
$14,156
and
$13,376
for
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively. All share-based compensation was recorded as SG&A expense.
 
The benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation costs (excess tax benefits) are recorded as a financing cash inflow rather than a deduction of taxes paid. For
2016,
2015
and
2014,
there was
$1,641,
$1,433
and
$3,357
of excess tax benefit recognized resulting from share-based compensation cost, respectively. Our additional paid in capital pool (“APIC Pool”) of excess tax benefits available to absorb tax deficiencies was
$21,871
at
December
3,
2016
due to exercises of stock options, vesting of restricted stock and deferred compensation payouts in the year.
 
As of
December
3,
2016,
$6,528
of unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock option awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
0.9
years. Unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted stock shares was
$66
which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
0.1
years and unvested restricted stock units was
$8,085
which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
1.0
years.
 
 
Stock Option Activity
 
The stock option activity for the years ended
December
3,
2016,
 
November
28,
2015
and
November
29,
2014
 is summarized below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Options
 
 
Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at November 30, 2013
   
2,429,961
    $
25.74
 
Granted
   
477,606
     
48.06
 
Exercised
   
(330,179
)    
20.75
 
Forfeited or cancelled
   
(42,915
)    
38.59
 
Outstanding at November 29, 2014
   
2,534,473
    $
30.39
 
Granted
   
759,167
     
40.69
 
Exercised
   
(275,035
)    
22.67
 
Forfeited or cancelled
   
(106,532
)    
42.42
 
Outstanding at November 28, 2015
   
2,912,073
    $
33.37
 
                 
Granted
   
853,516
     
33.98
 
Exercised
   
(593,891
)
 
 
24.38
 
Forfeited or cancelled
   
(185,217
)
 
 
39.91
 
Outstanding at December 3, 2016
 
 
2,986,481
 
 
$
34.92
 
 
The fair value of options granted during
2016,
2015
and
2014
was
$6,615,
$7,632
and
$6,599,
respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during
2016,
2015
and
2014
was
$11,675,
$5,327
and
$8,915,
respectively. For options outstanding at
December
3,
2016,
the weighted-average remaining contractual life was
1.6
years and the aggregate intrinsic value was
$35,223.
For options exercisable at
December
3,
2016,
the weighted-average remaining contractual life was
5.4
years and the aggregate intrinsic value was
$23,066.
 Intrinsic value is the difference between our closing stock price on the respective trading day and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options exercised. Proceeds received from option exercises during the year ended
December
3,
2016,
November
28,
2015
and
November
29,
2014
were
$11,269,
$4,631
and
$6,852,
respectively. The Company’s actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the exercise of stock options for
2016,
2015
and
2014
was
$3,506,
$1,890
and
$3,038,
respectively.
 
Restricted Stock Activity
 
The nonvested restricted stock activity for the years ended
December
3,
2016,
November
28,
2015
and
November
29,
2014
is summarized below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
Remaining
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grant
 
 
Contractual
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date Fair
 
 
Life
 
 
 
Units
 
 
Shares
 
 
Total
 
 
Value
 
 
(in Years)
 
Nonvested at November 30, 2013
   
135,231
     
312,445
     
447,676
    $
33.76
     
1.2
 
Granted
   
126,536
     
-
     
126,536
     
48.84
     
1.2
 
Vested
   
(68,293
)    
(114,044
)    
(182,337
)    
48.16
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
(4,813
)    
(9,779
)    
(14,592
)    
37.80
     
1.1
 
                                         
Nonvested at November 29, 2014
   
188,661
     
188,622
     
377,283
    $
40.70
     
1.0
 
Granted
   
144,100
     
-
     
144,100
     
40.92
     
1.2
 
Vested
   
(82,495
)    
(69,152
)    
(151,647
)    
37.47
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
(13,253
)    
(9,310
)    
(22,563
)    
40.66
     
0.8
 
Nonvested at November 28, 2015
   
237,013
     
110,160
     
347,173
    $
42.17
     
0.8
 
                                         
Granted
 
 
253,515
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
253,515
 
 
 
35.40
 
 
 
1.3
 
Vested
 
 
(104,828
)
 
 
(73,028
)
 
 
(177,856
)
 
 
41.91
 
 
 
-
 
Forfeited
 
 
(32,956
)
 
 
(179
)
 
 
(33,135
)
 
 
38.40
 
 
 
1.5
 
Nonvested at December 3, 2016
 
 
352,744
 
 
 
36,953
 
 
 
389,697
 
 
$
38.36
 
 
 
1.0
 
 
Total fair value of restricted stock vested during
2016,
2015,
and
2014
was
$6,257,
$6,192
and
$8,782,
respectively. The total fair value of nonvested restricted stock at
December
3,
2016
was
$14,947.
 
 
We repurchased
67,807,
54,454
and
67,593
restricted stock shares during
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively, in conjunction with restricted stock share vestings. The repurchases relate to statutory minimum tax withholding. The Company’s actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions related to the restricted stock vested for
2016,
2015
and
2014
was
$2,080,
$1,878
and
$2,690,
respectively.
 
Deferred Compensation Activity
 
Deferred compensation units are fully vested at the date of contribution. The deferred compensation units outstanding for the years ended
December
3,
2016,
 
November
28,
2015
and
November
29,
2014
is summarized below:
 
 
 
Non-employee
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors
 
 
Employees
 
 
Total
 
Units outstanding November 30, 2013
   
312,680
     
61,288
     
373,968
 
Participant contributions
   
14,347
     
4,429
     
18,776
 
Company match contributions
1
   
16,613
     
492
     
17,105
 
Payouts
   
(1,093
)    
(13,906
)    
(14,999
)
                         
Units outstanding November 29, 2014
   
342,547
     
52,303
     
394,850
 
Participant contributions
   
16,312
     
4,705
     
21,017
 
Company match contributions
1
   
21,636
     
470
     
22,106
 
Payouts
   
(325
)    
(11,572
)    
(11,897
)
Units outstanding November 28, 2015
   
380,170
     
45,906
     
426,076
 
                         
Participant contributions
 
 
23,900
 
 
 
4,908
 
 
 
28,808
 
Company match contributions
1
 
 
20,576
 
 
 
491
 
 
 
21,067
 
Payouts
 
 
(327
)
 
 
(10,189
)
 
 
(10,516
)
Units outstanding December 3, 2016
 
 
424,319
 
 
 
41,116
 
 
 
465,435
 
 
1
The non-employee directors’ company match includes
18,186
and
20,005
deferred compensation units paid as discretionary awards to all non-employee directors in
2016
and
2015,
respectively.
 
The fair value of non-employee directors’ company matches for
2016,
2015
and
2014
was
$156,
$122
and
$130,
respectively. The fair value of the non-employee directors’ discretionary award was
$800
for
2016,
$800
for
2015
and
$720
for
2014.
The fair value of employee company matches was
$18
for
2016
and
$17
for
2015
and
$19
for
2014.