Derivative Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

The fair value of derivative positions outstanding is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and in the net change in each of these financial statement line items in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

Interest Rate Derivatives. We utilize interest rate swaps, caps and floors to mitigate exposure to interest rate risk and to facilitate the needs of our customers. Our objectives for utilizing these derivative instruments are described below:

From time to time, we have entered into certain interest rate derivative contracts that are designated as hedging instruments to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of certain commercial loans/leases due to changes in interest rates. We also enter into certain interest rate derivative contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to accommodate the business needs of our customers. These derivative contracts relate to transactions in which we enter into an interest rate swap, cap and/or floor with a customer while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap, cap and/or floor with a third-party financial institution. In connection with each swap transaction, we agree to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on a similar notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, we agree to pay a third-party financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. The transaction allows our customer to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. Because we act as an intermediary for our customers, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts largely offset each other and do not significantly impact our results of operations.

The notional amounts and estimated fair values of interest rate derivative contracts outstanding are presented in the following table. The fair values of these contracts are estimated utilizing internal valuation methods with observable market data inputs, or as determined by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) for centrally cleared derivative contracts. CME rules legally characterize variation margin payments for centrally cleared derivatives as settlements of the derivatives' exposure rather than collateral. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting and financial reporting purposes. Variation margin, as determined by the CME, is settled daily. As a result, derivative contracts that clear through the CME have an estimated fair value of zero at both December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	December 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value




Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
Financial institution counterparties:
Loan/lease interest rate swaps - assets	$	1,213,519	$	63,001	$	1,040,659	$	58,486
Loan/lease interest rate swaps - liabilities	663,078		(9,068)		617,266		(20,293)
Loan/lease interest rate caps - assets	205,164		7,053		275,000		11,747
Customer counterparties:
Loan/lease interest rate swaps - assets	663,078		9,068		617,266		20,482
Loan/lease interest rate swaps - liabilities	1,213,519		(63,000)		1,040,659		(58,485)
Loan/lease interest rate caps - liabilities	205,164		(7,054)		275,000		(11,747)

The weighted-average rates paid and received for interest rate swaps outstanding at December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	Weighted-Average
	Interest Rate Paid		Interest Rate Received
Interest rate swaps:

Non-hedging interest rate swaps - financial institution counterparties	5.08	%	6.26	%
Non-hedging interest rate swaps - customer counterparties	6.26		5.08

The weighted-average strike rate for outstanding interest rate caps was 3.66% at December 31, 2024.

Commodity Derivatives. We enter into certain commodity derivative contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to accommodate the business needs of our customers. Upon the origination of a commodity derivative contract with a customer, we simultaneously enter into an offsetting contract with a third-party financial institution to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices. Because we act as an intermediary for our customers, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts largely offset each other and do not significantly impact our results of operations.

The notional amounts and estimated fair values of non-hedging commodity derivative contracts outstanding are presented in the following table. The fair values of these contracts are estimated utilizing internal valuation methods with observable market data inputs.


		December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	Notional Units	Notional Amount	Estimated Fair Value		Notional Amount	Estimated Fair Value
Financial institution counterparties:
Oil - assets	Barrels	7,097	$	27,471	5,601	$	37,667
Oil - liabilities	Barrels	4,768	(12,897)		4,581	(18,500)
Natural gas - assets	MMBTUs	25,454	3,804		17,363	11,822
Natural gas - liabilities	MMBTUs	26,082	(4,054)		6,462	(2,499)
Customer counterparties:
Oil - assets	Barrels	4,872	$	12,973	4,618	$	18,722
Oil - liabilities	Barrels	6,993	(26,753)		5,564	(36,877)
Natural gas - assets	MMBTUs	26,767	4,255		6,462	2,499
Natural gas - liabilities	MMBTUs	24,769	(3,600)		17,363	(11,571)

Foreign Currency Derivatives. We enter into foreign currency derivative contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to accommodate the business needs of our customers and to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency. Upon the origination of a foreign currency derivative contract with a customer, we simultaneously enter into an offsetting contract with a third-party financial institution to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Because we act as an intermediary for our customers, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts largely offset each other and do not significantly impact our results of operations. We also utilize foreign currency derivative contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the economic effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on foreign currency holdings and certain short-term, non-U.S. dollar denominated loans. The notional amounts and fair values of non-hedging foreign currency derivative contracts are presented in the following table. The fair values of these contracts are estimated utilizing internal valuation methods with observable market data inputs.


		December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	Notional Currency	Notional Amount	Estimated Fair Value		Notional Amount	Estimated Fair Value
Financial institution counterparties:

Forward/option contracts - assets	CAD	—	$	—	250	$	1



Forward/option contracts - liabilities	EUR	—	—		3,000	(14)
Forward contracts - liabilities	CAD	—	—		250	(5)



Customer counterparties:
Forward/option contracts - assets	EUR	—	—		3,000	16
Forward/option contracts - assets	CAD	—	—		250	5




Forward contracts - liabilities	CAD	—	—		250	—

Gains, Losses and Derivative Cash Flows. For fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of both the derivative hedging instrument and the hedged item are included in other non-interest income or other non-interest expense. The extent that such changes in fair value do not offset represents hedge ineffectiveness. Net cash flows from interest rate swaps on commercial loans/leases designated as hedging instruments in effective hedges of fair value are included in interest income on loans. For non-hedging derivative instruments, gains and losses due to changes in fair value and all cash flows are included in other non-interest income and other non-interest expense.

Amounts included in the consolidated statements of income related to interest rate derivatives designated as hedges of fair value were as follows:


	2024		2023		2022
Commercial loan/lease interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain (loss) included in interest income on loans	$	—	$	16	$	(7)
Amount of (gain) loss included in other non-interest expense	—		—		6

As stated above, we enter into non-hedge related derivative positions primarily to accommodate the business needs of our customers. Upon the origination of a derivative contract with a customer, we simultaneously enter into an offsetting derivative contract with a third-party financial institution. We recognize immediate income based upon the difference in the bid/ask spread of the underlying transactions with our customers and the third party. Because we act only as an intermediary for our customer, subsequent changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts largely offset each other and do not significantly impact our results of operations.

Amounts included in the consolidated statements of income related to non-hedging interest rate, commodity, foreign currency and other derivative instruments are presented in the table below.


	2024		2023		2022
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
Other non-interest income	$	4,304	$	6,982	$	1,742
Other non-interest expense	3		—		—
Non-hedging commodity derivatives:
Other non-interest income	2,183		1,889		2,297
Non-hedging foreign currency derivatives:
Other non-interest income	11		30		63

Counterparty Credit Risk. Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with both bank customers and financial institution counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Financial institution counterparties must have an investment grade credit rating and be approved by our Asset/Liability Management Committee. Our credit exposure on derivative contracts is limited to the net favorable value of all contracts by each counterparty. Credit exposure may be reduced by the amount of collateral pledged by the counterparty. There are no credit-risk-related contingent features associated with any of our derivative contracts. Certain derivative contracts with financial institution counterparties may be terminated with respect to a party in the transaction, if such party does not have at least a minimum level rating assigned to either its senior unsecured long-term debt or its deposit obligations by certain third-party rating agencies.

Our credit exposure relating to interest rate, commodity, and foreign currency derivative contracts with bank customers was approximately $9.5 million at December 31, 2024. This credit exposure is partly mitigated as transactions with customers are generally secured by the collateral, if any, securing the underlying transaction being hedged. Our credit exposure, net of collateral pledged, relating to interest rate, commodity, and foreign currency derivative contracts with financial institution counterparties was approximately $1.5 million at December 31, 2024. This amount was primarily related to a shortfall of collateral we have received from certain counterparties. Collateral positions are generally cleared on the next business day. Collateral levels for financial institution counterparties are monitored and adjusted as necessary. See Note 15 – Balance Sheet Offsetting and Repurchase Agreements for additional information regarding our credit exposure with financial institution counterparties. At December 31, 2024, we had $350 thousand in cash collateral related to derivative contracts on deposit with other financial institution counterparties.