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Loans
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Loans
Loans were as follows:
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Commercial and industrial$5,836,877 $5,674,798 
Energy:
Production743,746 696,570 
Service191,880 133,542 
Other71,233 95,617 
Total energy1,006,859 925,729 
Paycheck Protection Program17,945 34,852 
Commercial real estate:
Commercial mortgages6,660,367 6,168,910 
Construction1,544,666 1,477,247 
Land533,418 537,168 
Total commercial real estate8,738,451 8,183,325 
Consumer real estate:
Home equity lines of credit753,020 691,841 
Home equity loans662,827 449,507 
Home improvement loans733,120 577,377 
Other190,396 124,814 
Total consumer real estate2,339,363 1,843,539 
Total real estate11,077,814 10,026,864 
Consumer and other459,764 492,726 
Total loans$18,399,259 $17,154,969 
Concentrations of Credit. Most of our lending activity occurs within the State of Texas, including the four largest metropolitan areas of Austin, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio, as well as other markets. The majority of our loan portfolio consists of commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans. As of September 30, 2023, there were no concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans. At that date, the largest industry concentrations were related to the automobile dealerships industry, which totaled 5.6% of total loans and the energy industry, which totaled 5.5% of total loans. Unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit issued to customers in the automobile dealership industry totaled $459.5 million and $20.2 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023, while unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit issued to customers in the energy industry totaled $1.0 billion and $87.2 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023.
Foreign Loans. We have U.S. dollar denominated loans and commitments to borrowers in Mexico. The outstanding balance of these loans and the unfunded amounts available under these commitments were not significant at September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Related Party Loans. In the ordinary course of business, we have granted loans to certain directors, executive officers, and their affiliates (collectively referred to as “related parties”). Such loans totaled $396.7 million at September 30, 2023 and $391.3 million at December 31, 2022.
Accrued Interest Receivable. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $83.9 million and $68.7 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions.
Non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Total Non-AccrualNon-Accrual with No Credit Loss AllowanceTotal Non-AccrualNon-Accrual with No Credit Loss Allowance
Commercial and industrial$27,326 $3,693 $18,130 $8,514 
Energy14,200 9,698 15,224 7,139 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other23,112 5,100 3,552 1,991 
Construction— — — — 
Consumer real estate2,537 202 927 927 
Consumer and other— — — — 
Total$67,175 $18,693 $37,833 $18,571 
The following table presents non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2023 by class and year of origination.
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial$— $359 $84 $747 $2,812 $1,068 $21,924 $332 $27,326 
Energy8,148 — — 56 1,348 — 4,502 146 14,200 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other18,438 105 296 — 1,463 2,810 — — 23,112 
Construction— — — — — — — — — 
Consumer real estate— — — 38 2,335 93 — 71 2,537 
Consumer and other— — — — — — — — — 
Total$26,586 $464 $380 $841 $7,958 $3,971 $26,426 $549 $67,175 
In the table above, energy and commercial real estate loans reported as 2023 originations as of September 30, 2023 were first originated in years prior to 2023 but were renewed in the current year. Had non-accrual loans performed in accordance with their original contract terms, we would have recognized additional interest income, net of tax, of approximately $1.2 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and approximately $372 thousand and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
An age analysis of past due loans (including both accruing and non-accruing loans), segregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2023 was as follows:
Loans
30-89 Days
Past Due
Loans
90 or More
Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Loans
Current
Loans
Total
Loans
Accruing
Loans 90 or
More Days
Past Due
Commercial and industrial$29,967 $9,682 $39,649 $5,797,228 $5,836,877 $5,404 
Energy1,684 6,052 7,736 999,123 1,006,859 — 
Paycheck Protection Program2,000 1,954 3,954 13,991 17,945 1,954 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other11,364 1,452 12,816 7,180,969 7,193,785 1,056 
Construction8,523 — 8,523 1,536,143 1,544,666 — 
Consumer real estate12,106 6,999 19,105 2,320,258 2,339,363 6,801 
Consumer and other5,041 523 5,564 454,200 459,764 523 
Total$70,685 $26,662 $97,347 $18,301,912 $18,399,259 $15,738 
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty. From time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of a principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension or a combination thereof, among other things. The period-end balance of loan modifications, segregated by type of modification, to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 are set forth in the table below, regardless of whether such modifications resulted in a new loan. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to these borrowers at September 30, 2023.
Payment
Delay
Percent of
Total Class
of Loans
Combination: Payment Delay and Term ExtensionPercent of
Total Class
of Loans
Combination: Interest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionPercent of
Total Class
of Loans
September 30, 2023
Commercial and industrial$— — %$15,912 0.3 %$— — %
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other— — 19,785 0.3 2,100 — 
$— — $35,697 0.2 $2,100 — 
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other$1,083 — $— — $— — 
$1,083 — $— — $— — 
During the third quarter of 2023, we modified the interest rate on one loan from a variable rate of prime plus a spread of 1.75% (10.25% as of the modification date) to a fixed rate of 6.74% in addition to extending the term of the loan. The financial effects of the other loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were not significant. The loan modifications reported in the table above did not significantly impact our determination of the allowance for credit losses on loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Information as of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 related to loans modified (by type of modification) in the preceding twelve months, respectively, whereby the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty at the time of modification is set forth in the following table.
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Combination: Payment Delay and Term ExtensionCombination: Interest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionPayment
Delay
Combination: Payment Delay and Term Extension
Past due in excess of 90 days or on non-accrual status at period-end:
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other$— $2,100 $1,083 $— 
$— $2,100 $1,083 $— 
Charge-offs during the period:
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other$— $— $371 $352 
$— $— $371 $352 
Proceeds from sales:
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, and other$— $— $— $1,070 
$— $— $— $1,070 
Credit Quality Indicators. As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk grade of commercial loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial loans, (iii) the delinquency status of consumer loans, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions in the State of Texas.
We utilize a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of our commercial loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 14. A description of the general characteristics of the 14 risk grades is set forth in our 2022 Form 10-K. We monitor portfolio credit quality by the weighted-average risk grade of each class of commercial loan. Individual relationship managers, under the oversight of credit administration, review updated financial information for all pass grade loans to reassess the risk grade on at least an annual basis. When a loan has a risk grade of 9, it is still considered a pass grade loan; however, it is considered to be on management’s “watch list,” where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term. When a loan has a risk grade of 10 or higher, a special assets officer monitors the loan on an on-going basis.
The following table presents weighted-average risk grades for all commercial loans, by class and year of origination/renewal, as of September 30, 2023. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are excluded as such loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotalW/A Risk Grade
Commercial and industrial
Risk grades 1-8$1,360,645 $860,771 $495,449 $383,880 $182,663 $221,704 $2,034,460 $42,098 $5,581,670 6.29 
Risk grade 916,491 9,544 5,764 2,837 1,492 9,823 49,123 5,016 100,090 9.00 
Risk grade 109,184 904 912 312 4,121 619 34,027 1,021 51,100 10.00 
Risk grade 115,232 5,422 26,626 8,652 2,619 1,389 13,336 13,415 76,691 11.00 
Risk grade 12— 359 84 641 2,663 1,068 16,817 332 21,964 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — 106 149 — 5,107 — 5,362 13.00 
$1,391,552 $877,000 $528,835 $396,428 $193,707 $234,603 $2,152,870 $61,882 $5,836,877 6.46 
W/A risk grade6.24 6.79 7.22 5.85 6.15 6.10 6.43 7.86 6.46 
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotalW/A Risk Grade
Energy
Risk grades 1-8$288,729 $65,086 $78,601 $3,959 $2,057 $4,164 $453,243 $7,871 $903,710 5.67 
Risk grade 935,025 7,492 1,184 — 475 — 4,355 18 48,549 9.00 
Risk grade 10— — 38 — 326 710 34,925 — 35,999 10.00 
Risk grade 11— — 88 147 3,031 — — 1,135 4,401 11.00 
Risk grade 128,148 — — 56 1,348 — 1,802 146 11,500 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — — — — 2,700 — 2,700 13.00 
$331,902 $72,578 $79,911 $4,162 $7,237 $4,874 $497,025 $9,170 $1,006,859 6.10 
W/A risk grade6.35 6.86 6.05 6.92 9.94 7.19 5.73 7.90 6.10 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, other
Risk grades 1-8$1,185,417 $1,718,438 $1,303,804 $792,410 $547,600 $924,632 $223,084 $100,763 $6,796,148 7.01 
Risk grade 98,476 22,301 53,874 38,898 16,916 26,598 2,175 541 169,779 9.00 
Risk grade 10217 29,842 7,268 29,238 775 3,219 — 2,599 73,158 10.00 
Risk grade 114,723 5,985 49,075 10,716 1,697 55,729 2,993 670 131,588 11.00 
Risk grade 1217,288 105 — — 1,463 2,810 — — 21,666 12.00 
Risk grade 131,150 — 296 — — — — — 1,446 13.00 
$1,217,271 $1,776,671 $1,414,317 $871,262 $568,451 $1,012,988 $228,252 $104,573 $7,193,785 7.17 
W/A risk grade7.21 7.13 7.34 7.22 6.83 7.18 7.29 6.49 7.17 
Construction
Risk grades 1-8$390,535 $526,048 $331,652 $47,871 $305 $1,638 $138,353 $— $1,436,402 7.25 
Risk grade 9— 16,259 29,569 — — — 4,773 — 50,601 9.00 
Risk grade 1023,446 — 5,353 — — — 7,311 — 36,110 10.00 
Risk grade 115,838 13,104 2,611 — — — — — 21,553 11.00 
Risk grade 12— — — — — — — — — 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — — — — — — — 13.00 
$419,819 $555,411 $369,185 $47,871 $305 $1,638 $150,437 $— $1,544,666 7.43 
W/A risk grade7.59 7.30 7.84 4.39 7.23 6.78 7.42 — 7.43 
Total commercial real estate$1,637,090 $2,332,082 $1,783,502 $919,133 $568,756 $1,014,626 $378,689 $104,573 $8,738,451 7.22 
W/A risk grade7.30 7.17 7.44 7.07 6.83 7.18 7.35 6.49 7.22 
In the table above, certain loans are reported as 2023 originations and have risk grades of 11 or higher. These loans were, for the most part, first originated in various years prior to 2023 but were renewed in the current year.
The following tables present weighted average risk grades for all commercial loans by class as of December 31, 2022. Refer to our 2022 Form 10-K for details of these loans by year of origination/renewal.
Commercial and IndustrialEnergyCommercial Real Estate - Buildings, Land and OtherCommercial Real Estate - ConstructionTotal Commercial Real Estate
W/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoans
Risk grades 1-86.24 $5,435,917 5.44 $887,182 6.94 $6,340,028 7.04 $1,430,012 6.96 $7,770,040 
Risk grade 99.00 146,192 9.00 11,112 9.00 189,928 9.00 34,952 9.00 224,880 
Risk grade 1010.00 37,596 10.00 642 10.00 91,020 10.00 931 10.00 91,951 
Risk grade 1111.00 36,963 11.00 11,569 11.00 81,550 11.00 11,352 11.00 92,902 
Risk grade 1212.00 12,521 12.00 10,840 12.00 2,957 12.00 — 12.00 2,957 
Risk grade 1313.00 5,609 13.00 4,384 13.00 595 13.00 — 13.00 595 
Total6.39 $5,674,798 5.67 $925,729 7.09 $6,706,078 7.12 $1,477,247 7.10 $8,183,325 
Information about the payment status of consumer loans, segregated by portfolio segment and year of origination, as of September 30, 2023 was as follows:
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Consumer real estate:
Past due 30-89 days$222 $1,201 $1,034 $535 $283 $2,329 $6,240 $262 $12,106 
Past due 90 or more days— 534 650 38 22 1,186 1,509 3,060 6,999 
Total past due222 1,735 1,684 573 305 3,515 7,749 3,322 19,105 
Current loans470,908 439,461 288,751 176,252 61,336 141,551 734,358 7,641 2,320,258 
Total$471,130 $441,196 $290,435 $176,825 $61,641 $145,066 $742,107 $10,963 $2,339,363 
Consumer and other:
Past due 30-89 days$2,403 $377 $193 $47 $35 $49 $1,818 $119 $5,041 
Past due 90 or more days95 62 — — — 11 350 523 
Total past due2,498 439 193 47 35 — 2,168 124 5,564 
Current loans59,223 32,960 9,543 4,076 1,641 1,645 323,629 21,483 454,200 
Total$61,721 $33,399 $9,736 $4,123 $1,676 $1,645 $325,797 $21,607 $459,764 
Revolving loans that converted to term during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Commercial and industrial$13,144 $2,368 $18,246 $22,579 
Energy3,451 1,582 4,050 1,806 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other— — 5,635 10,759 
Construction— — — 4,414 
Consumer real estate709 700 1,630 2,223 
Consumer and other1,699 1,963 5,151 7,691 
Total$19,003 $6,613 $34,712 $49,472 
In assessing the general economic conditions in the State of Texas, management monitors and tracks the Texas Leading Index (“TLI”), which is produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. The TLI, the components of which are more fully described in our 2022 Form 10-K, totaled 129.0 at September 30, 2023 and 130.4 at December 31, 2022. A lower TLI value implies less favorable economic conditions.
Allowance For Credit Losses - Loans. The allowance for credit losses on loans is a contra-asset valuation account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The amount of the allowance represents management's best estimate of current expected credit losses on loans considering available information, from internal and external sources, relevant to assessing collectibility over the loans' contractual terms, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. Credit loss expense related to loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate appropriateness of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond our control, including the performance of our loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications. Our allowance methodology is more fully described in our 2022 Form 10-K.
During the first quarter of 2023, we recalibrated and updated all of our commercial loan models, with the exception of the models related to commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied loans, as well as our consumer real estate loan models. While the fundamental modeling methodologies remain unchanged, the updates included (i) separating the energy loan pool from the commercial and industrial pool as a result of differences in loss characteristics observed in recent history and (ii) changing the modeling approach related to loan renewals whereby each renewal is treated as a separate loan which impacted loan life assumptions. For modeling purposes, our loan pools now include (i) commercial and industrial non-revolving, (ii) commercial and industrial revolving, (iii) energy, (iv) commercial real estate - owner occupied, (v) commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, (vi) commercial real estate - construction/land development, (vii) consumer real estate and (viii) consumer and other.
The overall approximate impact of the model updates during the first quarter was a $45.0 million decrease in modeled expected credit losses on loans though the impact of this decrease was largely offset with qualitative adjustments. The decrease in modeled expected credit losses on loans was largely driven by lower measurements for probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) based on the historical data series (2008 through 2018) used for the recalibration. This period was one of relatively low losses and included higher levels of government stimulus. The lower PD and LGD measurements were also impacted by shorter loan life assumptions due to the aforementioned change in the modeling approach related to loan renewals.
The following table presents details of the allowance for credit losses on loans segregated by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
September 30, 2023Commercial
and
Industrial
EnergyCommercial
Real Estate
Consumer
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Total
Modeled expected credit losses$45,398 $7,065 $16,366 $14,239 $5,258 $88,326 
Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments23,547 7,301 108,680 498 4,073 144,099 
Specific allocations5,362 2,700 1,446 302 — 9,810 
Total$74,307 $17,066 $126,492 $15,039 $9,331 $242,235 
December 31, 2022
Modeled expected credit losses$61,918 $8,531 $27,013 $7,847 $4,983 $110,292 
Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments36,237 5,148 61,572 157 2,034 105,148 
Specific allocations
6,082 4,383 1,716 — — 12,181 
Total$104,237 $18,062 $90,301 $8,004 $7,017 $227,621 
The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
Commercial
and
Industrial
EnergyCommercial
Real Estate
Consumer
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Total
Three months ended:
September 30, 2023
Beginning balance$75,166 $14,929 $120,926 $13,035 $9,563 $233,619 
Credit loss expense (benefit)(623)1,784 5,424 2,130 4,893 13,608 
Charge-offs(943)— (62)(170)(8,189)(9,364)
Recoveries707 353 204 44 3,064 4,372 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(236)353 142 (126)(5,125)(4,992)
Ending balance$74,307 $17,066 $126,492 $15,039 $9,331 $242,235 
September 30, 2022
Beginning balance$87,270 $16,267 $117,106 $6,854 $12,135 $239,632 
Credit loss expense (benefit)10,844 2,491 (16,522)940 (216)(2,463)
Charge-offs(572)— — (68)(6,549)(7,189)
Recoveries1,288 93 23 309 2,622 4,335 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries716 93 23 241 (3,927)(2,854)
Ending balance$98,830 $18,851 $100,607 $8,035 $7,992 $234,315 
Commercial
and
Industrial
EnergyCommercial
Real Estate
Consumer
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Total
Nine months ended:
September 30, 2023
Beginning balance$104,237 $18,062 $90,301 $8,004 $7,017 $227,621 
Credit loss expense (benefit)(18,903)(1,683)35,918 7,235 15,649 38,216 
Charge-offs(14,259)(518)(62)(1,500)(22,147)(38,486)
Recoveries3,232 1,205 335 1,300 8,812 14,884 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(11,027)687 273 (200)(13,335)(23,602)
Ending balance$74,307 $17,066 $126,492 $15,039 $9,331 $242,235 
September 30, 2022
Beginning balance$72,091 $17,217 $144,936 $6,585 $7,837 $248,666 
Credit loss expense (benefit)29,347 874 (44,363)1,497 10,250 (2,395)
Charge-offs(5,918)(371)(702)(430)(17,642)(25,063)
Recoveries3,310 1,131 736 383 7,547 13,107 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(2,608)760 34 (47)(10,095)(11,956)
Ending balance$98,830 $18,851 $100,607 $8,035 $7,992 $234,315 
The following table presents year-to-date gross charge-offs by year of origination as of September 30, 2023.
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial$124 $952 $178 $54 $25 $29 $7,594 $5,303 $14,259 
Energy— — — — — — — 518 518 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other— — — — — 62 — — 62 
Construction— — — — — — — — — 
Consumer real estate— — 280 — — 130 1,090 — 1,500 
Consumer and other15,543 4,389 60 12 23 1,692 427 22,147 
Total$15,667 $5,341 $518 $66 $26 $244 $10,376 $6,248 $38,486 
In the table above, $15.5 million of the consumer and other loan charge-offs reported as 2023 originations and $4.2 million of the total reported as 2022 originations were related to deposit overdrafts.
The following table presents loans that were evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and the related specific allocations, by loan portfolio segment, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Loan
Balance
Specific AllocationsLoan
Balance
Specific Allocations
Commercial and industrial$26,455 $5,362 $18,980 $6,082 
Energy14,054 2,700 15,058 4,383 
Paycheck Protection Program— — — — 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other22,318 1,446 17,711 1,716 
Construction— — — — 
Consumer real estate2,335 302 827 — 
Consumer and other— — — — 
Total$65,162 $9,810 $52,576 $12,181