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Loans
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Loans
Loans were as follows:
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Commercial and industrial$5,726,804 $5,674,798 
Energy:
Production718,829 696,570 
Service138,816 133,542 
Other128,926 95,617 
Total energy986,571 925,729 
Paycheck Protection Program22,333 34,852 
Commercial real estate:
Commercial mortgages6,389,649 6,168,910 
Construction1,468,071 1,477,247 
Land535,247 537,168 
Total commercial real estate8,392,967 8,183,325 
Consumer real estate:
Home equity lines of credit730,557 691,841 
Home equity loans575,284 449,507 
Home improvement loans680,811 577,377 
Other171,264 124,814 
Total consumer real estate2,157,916 1,843,539 
Total real estate10,550,883 10,026,864 
Consumer and other459,720 492,726 
Total loans$17,746,311 $17,154,969 
Concentrations of Credit. Most of our lending activity occurs within the State of Texas, including the four largest metropolitan areas of Austin, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Houston and San Antonio, as well as other markets. The majority of our loan portfolio consists of commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans. As of June 30, 2023, there were no concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans. At that date, the largest industry concentrations were related to the automobile dealerships industry, which totaled 6.0% of total loans and the energy industry, which totaled 5.6% of total loans. Unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit issued to customers in the automobile dealership industry totaled $454.9 million and $20.1 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2023, while unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit issued to customers in the energy industry totaled $1.0 billion and $84.1 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2023.
Foreign Loans. We have U.S. dollar denominated loans and commitments to borrowers in Mexico. The outstanding balance of these loans and the unfunded amounts available under these commitments were not significant at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Related Party Loans. In the ordinary course of business, we have granted loans to certain directors, executive officers and their affiliates (collectively referred to as “related parties”). Such loans totaled $389.2 million at June 30, 2023 and $391.3 million at December 31, 2022.
Accrued Interest Receivable. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $73.9 million and $68.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions.
Non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Total Non-AccrualNon-Accrual with No Credit Loss AllowanceTotal Non-AccrualNon-Accrual with No Credit Loss Allowance
Commercial and industrial$22,217 $3,817 $18,130 $8,514 
Energy16,712 11,880 15,224 7,139 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other25,682 6,617 3,552 1,991 
Construction— — — — 
Consumer real estate3,170 3,170 927 927 
Consumer and other— — — — 
Total$67,781 $25,484 $37,833 $18,571 
The following table presents non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2023 by class and year of origination.
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial$— $— $221 $754 $2,957 $1,172 $16,746 $367 $22,217 
Energy10,324 — — 59 1,349 4,832 146 16,712 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other1,924 296 18,328 1,483 3,643 — — 25,682 
Construction— — — — — — — — — 
Consumer real estate— — — 39 2,470 95 — 566 3,170 
Consumer and other— — — — — — — — — 
Total$12,248 $$517 $19,180 $8,259 $4,912 $21,578 $1,079 $67,781 
In the table above, energy and commercial real estate loans reported as 2023 originations as of June 30, 2023 were first originated in years prior to 2023 but were renewed in the current year. Had non-accrual loans performed in accordance with their original contract terms, we would have recognized additional interest income, net of tax, of approximately $835 thousand and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and approximately $436 thousand and $843 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
An age analysis of past due loans (including both accruing and non-accruing loans), segregated by class of loans, as of June 30, 2023 was as follows:
Loans
30-89 Days
Past Due
Loans
90 or More
Days
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Loans
Current
Loans
Total
Loans
Accruing
Loans 90 or
More Days
Past Due
Commercial and industrial$29,280 $5,224 $34,504 $5,692,300 $5,726,804 $3,025 
Energy2,224 6,386 8,610 977,961 986,571 — 
Paycheck Protection Program80 2,725 2,805 19,528 22,333 2,725 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other28,554 20,022 48,576 6,876,320 6,924,896 568 
Construction669 118 787 1,467,284 1,468,071 118 
Consumer real estate8,843 8,114 16,957 2,140,959 2,157,916 5,039 
Consumer and other5,153 336 5,489 454,231 459,720 336 
Total$74,803 $42,925 $117,728 $17,628,583 $17,746,311 $11,811 
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty. From time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of a principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension or a combination thereof, among other things. The period-end balance of loan modifications, segregated by type of modification, to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 are set forth in the table below, regardless of whether such modifications resulted in a new loan. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to these borrowers at June 30, 2023.
Payment
Delay
Percent of
Total Class
of Loans
Combination: Payment Delay and Term ExtensionPercent of
Total Class
of Loans
June 30, 2023
Commercial and industrial$— — %$16,020 0.3 %
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other— — 20,466 0.3 
$— — $36,486 0.2 
June 30, 2022
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other$1,116 — — — 
$1,116 — $— — 
The financial effects of the loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were not significant during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The loan modifications reported in the table above did not significantly impact our determination of the allowance for credit losses on loans during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Information as of or for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 related to loans modified (by type of modification) in the preceding twelve months, respectively, whereby the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty at the time of modification is set forth in the following table.
June 30, 2023June 30, 2022
Term
Extension
Payment
Delay
Combination: Payment Delay and Term ExtensionTerm
Extension
Payment
Delay
Combination: Payment Delay and Term Extension
Past due in excess of 90 days or on non-accrual status at period-end:
Commercial and industrial$— $— $16,020 $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other— — 20,466 — 1,116 — 
$— $— $36,486 $— $1,116 $— 
Charge-offs during the period:
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other$— $— $— $— $371 $352 
Proceeds from sales:
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other$— $— $— $— $— $1,070 
Credit Quality Indicators. As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk grade of commercial loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial loans, (iii) the delinquency status of consumer loans, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions in the State of Texas.
We utilize a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of our commercial loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 14. A description of the general characteristics of the 14 risk grades is set forth in our 2022 Form 10-K. We monitor portfolio credit quality by the weighted-average risk grade of each class of commercial loan. Individual relationship managers, under the oversight of credit administration, review updated financial information for all pass grade loans to reassess the risk grade on at least an annual basis. When a loan has a risk grade of 9, it is still considered a pass grade loan; however, it is considered to be on management’s “watch list,” where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term. When a loan has a risk grade of 10 or higher, a special assets officer monitors the loan on an on-going basis.
The following table presents weighted-average risk grades for all commercial loans, by class and year of origination/renewal, as of June 30, 2023. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are excluded as such loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotalW/A Risk Grade
Commercial and industrial
Risk grades 1-8$1,113,216 $919,731 $524,735 $406,763 $186,103 $243,703 $2,026,310 $48,004 $5,468,565 6.29 
Risk grade 917,610 17,339 32,116 3,745 2,307 10,869 40,715 5,203 129,904 9.00 
Risk grade 109,988 510 622 396 4,165 744 19,268 564 36,257 10.00 
Risk grade 114,491 4,164 4,001 8,747 16,121 1,523 19,749 11,065 69,861 11.00 
Risk grade 12— — 221 702 2,687 1,172 14,607 367 19,756 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — 52 270 — 2,139 — 2,461 13.00 
$1,145,305 $941,744 $561,695 $420,405 $211,653 $258,011 $2,122,788 $65,203 $5,726,804 6.46 
W/A risk grade6.31 6.76 7.10 5.93 6.57 6.17 6.31 7.66 6.46 
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotalW/A Risk Grade
Energy
Risk grades 1-8$301,108 $65,831 $83,174 $4,240 $2,393 $5,297 $457,225 $33,858 $953,126 5.79 
Risk grade 9311 4,456 139 — 445 589 3,603 1,972 11,515 9.00 
Risk grade 10— — — — 355 189 — — 544 10.00 
Risk grade 11— — 106 170 3,101 12 1,285 — 4,674 11.00 
Risk grade 1210,324 — — 59 1,349 2,132 146 14,012 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — — — — 2,700 — 2,700 13.00 
$311,743 $70,287 $83,419 $4,469 $7,643 $6,089 $466,945 $35,976 $986,571 5.96 
W/A risk grade6.32 6.60 5.78 7.68 9.83 7.14 5.58 5.69 5.96 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land, other
Risk grades 1-8$699,039 $1,735,438 $1,421,130 $851,503 $570,561 $1,009,089 $150,060 $103,188 $6,540,008 6.97 
Risk grade 99,069 15,323 10,729 40,843 70,271 27,324 1,980 1,214 176,753 9.00 
Risk grade 10491 29,583 7,991 4,086 1,754 3,796 — 2,646 50,347 10.00 
Risk grade 117,653 6,163 48,496 8,477 — 57,948 2,993 376 132,106 11.00 
Risk grade 121,924 296 17,178 1,483 3,493 — — 24,382 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — 1,150 — 150 — — 1,300 13.00 
$718,176 $1,786,515 $1,488,642 $923,237 $644,069 $1,101,800 $155,033 $107,424 $6,924,896 7.14 
W/A risk grade7.10 7.05 7.28 7.22 7.02 7.17 7.13 6.50 7.14 
Construction
Risk grades 1-8$271,025 $523,461 $342,339 $49,547 $945 $1,666 $179,127 $— $1,368,110 7.19 
Risk grade 99,975 14,668 3,067 2,100 — — 3,291 — 33,101 9.00 
Risk grade 1018,297 — 7,347 — — — 9,126 — 34,770 10.00 
Risk grade 11— 31,972 118 — — — — — 32,090 11.00 
Risk grade 12— — — — — — — — — 12.00 
Risk grade 13— — — — — — — — — 13.00 
$299,297 $570,101 $352,871 $51,647 $945 $1,666 $191,544 $— $1,468,071 7.38 
W/A risk grade7.68 7.39 7.39 4.63 7.07 6.77 7.65 — 7.38 
Total commercial real estate$1,017,473 $2,356,616 $1,841,513 $974,884 $645,014 $1,103,466 $346,577 $107,424 $8,392,967 7.18 
W/A risk grade7.27 7.13 7.30 7.09 7.02 7.17 7.41 6.50 7.18 
In the table above, certain loans are reported as 2023 originations and have risk grades of 11 or higher. These loans were, for the most part, first originated in various years prior to 2023 but were renewed in the current year.
The following tables present weighted average risk grades for all commercial loans by class as of December 31, 2022. Refer to our 2022 Form 10-K for details of these loans by year of origination/renewal.
Commercial and IndustrialEnergyCommercial Real Estate - Buildings, Land and OtherCommercial Real Estate - ConstructionTotal Commercial Real Estate
W/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoansW/A Risk GradeLoans
Risk grades 1-86.24 $5,435,917 5.44 $887,182 6.94 $6,340,028 7.04 $1,430,012 6.96 $7,770,040 
Risk grade 99.00 146,192 9.00 11,112 9.00 189,928 9.00 34,952 9.00 224,880 
Risk grade 1010.00 37,596 10.00 642 10.00 91,020 10.00 931 10.00 91,951 
Risk grade 1111.00 36,963 11.00 11,569 11.00 81,550 11.00 11,352 11.00 92,902 
Risk grade 1212.00 12,521 12.00 10,840 12.00 2,957 12.00 — 12.00 2,957 
Risk grade 1313.00 5,609 13.00 4,384 13.00 595 13.00 — 13.00 595 
Total6.39 $5,674,798 5.67 $925,729 7.09 $6,706,078 7.12 $1,477,247 7.10 $8,183,325 
Information about the payment status of consumer loans, segregated by portfolio segment and year of origination, as of June 30, 2023 was as follows:
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Consumer real estate:
Past due 30-89 days$297 $1,126 $1,075 $236 $480 $1,534 $3,861 $234 $8,843 
Past due 90 or more days— 95 172 63 2,539 1,081 523 3,641 8,114 
Total past due297 1,221 1,247 299 3,019 2,615 4,384 3,875 16,957 
Current loans284,398 438,609 300,363 182,845 62,030 150,136 713,920 8,658 2,140,959 
Total$284,695 $439,830 $301,610 $183,144 $65,049 $152,751 $718,304 $12,533 $2,157,916 
Consumer and other:
Past due 30-89 days$2,202 $316 $158 $12 $42 $49 $2,226 $148 $5,153 
Past due 90 or more days84 34 — — — 212 336 
Total past due2,286 350 159 12 42 49 2,438 153 5,489 
Current loans49,542 39,133 13,771 4,820 1,985 1,900 320,720 22,360 454,231 
Total$51,828 $39,483 $13,930 $4,832 $2,027 $1,949 $323,158 $22,513 $459,720 
Revolving loans that converted to term during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
Commercial and industrial$3,835 $16,518 $14,606 $21,973 
Energy— 247 2,567 247 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other5,944 10,681 5,944 10,726 
Construction— 13 — 4,248 
Consumer real estate1,064 888 1,743 1,684 
Consumer and other1,669 1,792 3,671 5,868 
Total$12,512 $30,139 $28,531 $44,746 
In assessing the general economic conditions in the State of Texas, management monitors and tracks the Texas Leading Index (“TLI”), which is produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. The TLI, the components of which are more fully described in our 2022 Form 10-K, totaled 127.7 at June 30, 2023 and 130.3 at December 31, 2022. A lower TLI value implies less favorable economic conditions.
Allowance For Credit Losses - Loans. The allowance for credit losses on loans is a contra-asset valuation account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The amount of the allowance represents management's best estimate of current expected credit losses on loans considering available information, from internal and external sources, relevant to assessing collectibility over the loans' contractual terms, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. Credit loss expense related to loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate appropriateness of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond our control, including the performance of our loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications. Our allowance methodology is more fully described in our 2022 Form 10-K.
During the first quarter of 2023, we recalibrated and updated all of our commercial loan models, with the exception of the models related to commercial real estate - non-owner occupied loans, as well as our consumer real estate loan models. While the fundamental modeling methodologies remain unchanged, the updates included (i) separating the energy loan pool from the commercial and industrial pool as a result of differences in loss characteristics observed in recent history and (ii) changing the modeling approach related to loan renewals whereby each renewal is treated as a separate loan which impacted loan life assumptions. For modeling purposes, our loan pools now include (i) commercial and industrial non-revolving, (ii) commercial and industrial revolving, (iii) energy, (iv) commercial real estate - owner occupied, (v) commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, (vi) commercial real estate - construction/land development, (vii) consumer real estate and (viii) consumer and other. The overall approximate impact of the model updates during the first quarter was a $45.0 million decrease in modeled expected
credit losses on loans though the impact of this decrease was largely offset with qualitative adjustments. The decrease in modeled expected credit losses on loans was largely driven by lower measurements for probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) based on the historical data series (2008 through 2018) used for the recalibration. This period was one of relatively low losses and included higher levels of government stimulus. The lower PD and LGD measurements were also impacted by shorter loan life assumptions due to the aforementioned change in the modeling approach related to loan renewals.
The following table presents details of the allowance for credit losses on loans segregated by loan portfolio segment as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
June 30, 2023Commercial
and
Industrial
EnergyCommercial
Real Estate
Consumer
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Total
Modeled expected credit losses$46,435 $5,733 $15,496 $12,594 $5,511 $85,769 
Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments26,270 6,496 104,130 441 4,052 141,389 
Specific allocations2,461 2,700 1,300 — — 6,461 
Total$75,166 $14,929 $120,926 $13,035 $9,563 $233,619 
December 31, 2022
Modeled expected credit losses$61,918 $8,531 $27,013 $7,847 $4,983 $110,292 
Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments36,237 5,148 61,572 157 2,034 105,148 
Specific allocations
6,082 4,383 1,716 — — 12,181 
Total$104,237 $18,062 $90,301 $8,004 $7,017 $227,621 
The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA.
Commercial
and
Industrial
EnergyCommercial
Real Estate
Consumer
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Total
Three months ended:
June 30, 2023
Beginning balance$78,465 $19,191 $115,693 $9,708 $8,457 $231,514 
Credit loss expense (benefit)2,404 (4,433)5,133 3,822 5,007 11,933 
Charge-offs(7,136)(518)— (1,080)(7,016)(15,750)
Recoveries1,433 689 100 585 3,115 5,922 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(5,703)171 100 (495)(3,901)(9,828)
Ending balance$75,166 $14,929 $120,926 $13,035 $9,563 $233,619 
June 30, 2022
Beginning balance$87,026 $15,422 $128,954 $6,359 $9,074 $246,835 
Credit loss expense (benefit)942 427 (12,232)583 5,884 (4,396)
Charge-offs(1,891)— — (131)(5,322)(7,344)
Recoveries1,193 418 384 43 2,499 4,537 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(698)418 384 (88)(2,823)(2,807)
Ending balance$87,270 $16,267 $117,106 $6,854 $12,135 $239,632 
Commercial
and
Industrial
EnergyCommercial
Real Estate
Consumer
Real Estate
Consumer
and Other
Total
Six months ended:
June 30, 2023
Beginning balance$104,237 $18,062 $90,301 $8,004 $7,017 $227,621 
Credit loss expense (benefit)(18,280)(3,467)30,494 5,105 10,756 24,608 
Charge-offs(13,316)(518)— (1,330)(13,958)(29,122)
Recoveries2,525 852 131 1,256 5,748 10,512 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(10,791)334 131 (74)(8,210)(18,610)
Ending balance$75,166 $14,929 $120,926 $13,035 $9,563 $233,619 
June 30, 2022
Beginning balance$72,091 $17,217 $144,936 $6,585 $7,837 $248,666 
Credit loss expense (benefit)18,503 (1,617)(27,841)557 10,466 68 
Charge-offs(5,346)(371)(702)(362)(11,093)(17,874)
Recoveries2,022 1,038 713 74 4,925 8,772 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(3,324)667 11 (288)(6,168)(9,102)
Ending balance$87,270 $16,267 $117,106 $6,854 $12,135 $239,632 
The following table presents year-to-date gross charge-offs by year of origination as of June 30, 2023.
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial$124 $208 $178 $55 $25 $29 $7,427 $5,270 $13,316 
Energy— — — — — — — 518 518 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other— — — — — — — — — 
Construction— — — — — — — — — 
Consumer real estate— — 280 — — 89 961 — 1,330 
Consumer and other8,143 4,354 57 12 — 23 1,051 318 13,958 
Total$8,267 $4,562 $515 $67 $25 $141 $9,439 $6,106 $29,122 
In the table above, $8.1 million of the consumer and other loan charge-offs reported as 2023 originations and $4.2 million of the total reported as 2022 originations were related to deposit overdrafts.
The following table presents loans that were evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and the related specific allocations, by loan portfolio segment, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Loan
Balance
Specific AllocationsLoan
Balance
Specific Allocations
Commercial and industrial$20,862 $2,461 $18,980 $6,082 
Energy16,445 2,700 15,058 4,383 
Paycheck Protection Program— — — — 
Commercial real estate:
Buildings, land and other24,954 1,300 17,711 1,716 
Construction— — — — 
Consumer real estate3,030 — 827 — 
Consumer and other— — — — 
Total$65,291 $6,461 $52,576 $12,181