Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

A combined summary of activity in our active stock plans is presented in the table. Performance stock units outstanding are presented assuming attainment of the maximum payout rate as set forth by the performance criteria. As of March 31, 2020, there were 1,115,490 shares remaining available for grant for future stock-based compensation awards.

	Director Deferred Stock Units Outstanding			Non-Vested Stock Awards/Stock Units Outstanding				Performance Stock Units Outstanding				Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Units	Weighted- Average Fair Value at Grant		Number of Shares/Units		Weighted- Average Fair Value at Grant		Number of Units		Weighted- Average Fair Value at Grant		Number of Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Balance, January 1, 2020	55,370	$	74.76	440,647		$	90.22	177,288		$	83.48	1,980,866		$	64.60
Authorized	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Granted	—	—		458		65.43		—		—		—		—
Exercised/vested	—	—		—		—		(41,755	)	69.70		(24,460	)	59.81
Forfeited/expired	—	—		(1,438	)	88.69		(6,894	)	81.33		(2,000	)	72.02
Balance, March 31, 2020	55,370	$	74.76	439,667		$	90.20	128,639		$	88.07	1,954,406		$	64.65

Shares issued in connection with stock compensation awards are issued from available treasury shares. If no treasury shares are available, new shares are issued from available authorized shares. Shares issued in connection with stock compensation awards along with other related information were as follows:

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2020		2019
New shares issued from available authorized shares	—		—
Issued from available treasury stock	66,215		100,865
Total	66,215		100,865
Proceeds from stock option exercises	$	1,463	$	4,885

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all awards. For most stock option awards, the service period generally matches the vesting period. For stock options granted to certain executive officers and for non-vested stock units granted to all participants, the service period does not extend past the date the participant reaches 65 years of age. Deferred stock units granted to non-employee directors generally have immediate vesting and the related expense is fully recognized on the date of grant. For performance stock units, the service period generally matches the three-year performance period specified by the award, however, the service period does not extend past the date the participant reaches 65 years of age. Expense recognized each period is dependent upon our estimate of the number of shares that will ultimately be issued.

Stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit is presented in the following table.

	Three Months Ended   March 31,
	2020		2019
Stock options	$	—	$	382
Non-vested stock awards/stock units	2,264		2,135
Performance stock units	248		1,137
Total	$	2,512	$	3,654
Income tax benefit	$	465	$	584

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense at March 31, 2020 is presented in the table below. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to performance stock units is presented assuming attainment of the maximum payout rate as set forth by the performance criteria.

Non-vested stock awards/stock units	$	16,524
Performance stock units	5,536
Total	$	22,060