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Loans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans
Year-end loans, including leases net of unearned discounts, consisted of the following:
 
2016
 
2015
Commercial and industrial
$
4,344,000

 
$
4,120,522

Energy:
 
 
 
Production
971,767

 
1,249,678

Service
221,213

 
272,934

Other
193,081

 
235,583

Total energy
1,386,061

 
1,758,195

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
Commercial mortgages
3,481,157

 
3,285,041

Construction
1,043,261

 
720,695

Land
311,030

 
286,991

Total commercial real estate
4,835,448

 
4,292,727

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
Home equity loans
345,130

 
340,528

Home equity lines of credit
264,862

 
233,525

Other
326,793

 
306,696

Total consumer real estate
936,785

 
880,749

Total real estate
5,772,233

 
5,173,476

Consumer and other
473,098

 
434,338

Total loans
$
11,975,392

 
$
11,486,531
Activities in Related Party Loans
Activity in related party loans during 2016 is presented in the following table. Other changes were primarily related to changes in related-party status.
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2015
$
84,766

Principal additions
282,884

Principal reductions
(224,874
)
Other changes
(5
)
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2016
$
142,771
Non-Accrual Loans, Segregated by Class of Loans
Year-end non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
Commercial and industrial
$
31,475

 
$
25,111

Energy
57,571

 
21,180

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
8,550

 
34,519

Construction
—

 
569

Consumer real estate
2,130

 
1,862

Consumer and other
425

 
226

Total
$
100,151

 
$
83,467
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans, Segregated by Class of Loans
An age analysis of past due loans (including both accruing and non-accruing loans), segregated by class of loans, as of December 31, 2016 was as follows:
 
Loans
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
Loans
90 or More
Days
Past Due
 
Total Past
Due Loans
 
Current
Loans
 
Total Loans
 
Accruing
Loans 90 or
More Days
Past Due
Commercial and industrial
$
31,171

 
$
25,734

 
$
56,905

 
$
4,287,095

 
$
4,344,000

 
$
9,270

Energy
4,684

 
15,570

 
20,254

 
1,365,807

 
1,386,061

 
3,091

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
12,431

 
10,611

 
23,042

 
3,769,145

 
3,792,187

 
8,807

Construction
3,170

 
2,305

 
5,475

 
1,037,786

 
1,043,261

 
2,305

Consumer real estate
6,807

 
721

 
7,528

 
929,257

 
936,785

 
377

Consumer and other
6,377

 
1,155

 
7,532

 
465,566

 
473,098

 
1,014

Total
$
64,640

 
$
56,096

 
$
120,736

 
$
11,854,656

 
$
11,975,392

 
$
24,864
Impaired Loans
Year-end impaired loans are set forth in the following table. No interest income was recognized on impaired loans subsequent to their classification as impaired.
 
Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
 
Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
 
Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
 
Total
Recorded
Investment
 
Related
Allowance
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
40,288

 
$
19,862

 
$
9,047

 
$
28,909

 
$
5,436

 
$
26,074

Energy
60,522

 
27,759

 
29,804

 
57,563

 
3,750

 
57,360

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
11,369

 
6,866

 
—

 
6,866

 
—

 
17,729

Construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
438

Consumer real estate
977

 
655

 
—

 
655

 
—

 
537

Consumer and other
32

 
30

 
—

 
30

 
—

 
25

Total
$
113,188

 
$
55,172

 
$
38,851

 
$
94,023

 
$
9,186

 
$
102,163

2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
26,067

 
$
18,776

 
$
4,084

 
$
22,860

 
$
2,378

 
$
27,338

Energy
25,240

 
8,689

 
12,450

 
21,139

 
2,000

 
7,235

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
37,126

 
32,425

 
—

 
32,425

 
—

 
18,211

Construction
793

 
569

 
—

 
569

 
—

 
1,320

Consumer real estate
755

 
485

 
—

 
485

 
—

 
664

Consumer and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
89,981

 
$
60,944

 
$
16,534

 
$
77,478

 
$
4,378

 
$
54,768

2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
42,212

 
$
29,007

 
$
2,853

 
$
31,860

 
$
1,613

 
$
27,154

Energy
706

 
636

 
—

 
636

 
—

 
571

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
22,919

 
17,441

 
265

 
17,706

 
67

 
20,339

Construction
3,007

 
2,793

 
—

 
2,793

 
—

 
739

Consumer real estate
812

 
596

 
—

 
596

 
—

 
674

Consumer and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
159

Total
$
69,656

 
$
50,473

 
$
3,118

 
$
53,591

 
$
1,680

 
$
49,636
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Troubled debt restructurings that occurred during 2016, 2015 and 2014 are set forth in the following table.
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Balance at
Restructure
 
Balance at
Year-end
 
Balance at
Restructure
 
Balance at
Year-end
 
Balance at
Restructure
 
Balance at
Year-end
Commercial and industrial
$
2,148

 
$
1,022

 
$
709

 
$
536

 
$
5,795

 
$
5,391

Energy
87,572

 
43,841

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
1,455

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,121

 
2,948

Construction
243

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
$
91,418

 
$
44,863

 
$
709

 
$
536

 
$
8,916

 
$
8,339
Weighted Average Risk Grades for All Commercial Loans by Class
The following tables present weighted average risk grades for all commercial loans by class.
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Weighted
Average
Risk Grade
 
Loans
 
Weighted
Average
Risk Grade
 
Loans
Commercial and industrial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk grades 1-8
6.01

 
$
3,989,722

 
5.88

 
$
3,869,203

Risk grade 9
9.00

 
106,988

 
9.00

 
100,670

Risk grade 10
10.00

 
115,420

 
10.00

 
76,030

Risk grade 11
11.00

 
100,245

 
11.00

 
49,508

Risk grade 12
12.00

 
25,939

 
12.00

 
22,644

Risk grade 13
13.00

 
5,686

 
13.00

 
2,467

Total
6.35

 
$
4,344,000

 
6.13

 
$
4,120,522

Energy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk grades 1-8
6.34

 
$
854,688

 
6.12

 
$
1,385,749

Risk grade 9
9.00

 
78,524

 
9.00

 
212,250

Risk grade 10
10.00

 
150,872

 
10.00

 
62,163

Risk grade 11
11.00

 
244,406

 
11.00

 
76,853

Risk grade 12
12.00

 
53,821

 
12.00

 
19,180

Risk grade 13
13.00

 
3,750

 
13.00

 
2,000

Total
7.95

 
$
1,386,061

 
6.89

 
$
1,758,195

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk grades 1-8
6.67

 
$
3,463,064

 
6.58

 
$
3,280,435

Risk grade 9
9.00

 
109,110

 
9.00

 
140,900

Risk grade 10
10.00

 
145,067

 
10.00

 
72,577

Risk grade 11
11.00

 
66,396

 
11.00

 
43,601

Risk grade 12
12.00

 
8,550

 
12.00

 
34,519

Risk grade 13
13.00

 
—

 
13.00

 
—

Total
6.95

 
$
3,792,187

 
6.85

 
$
3,572,032

Construction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk grades 1-8
6.97

 
$
1,023,194

 
6.91

 
$
696,229

Risk grade 9
9.00

 
15,829

 
9.00

 
13,074

Risk grade 10
10.00

 
2,889

 
10.00

 
2,757

Risk grade 11
11.00

 
1,349

 
11.00

 
8,066

Risk grade 12
12.00

 
—

 
12.00

 
569

Risk grade 13
13.00

 
—

 
13.00

 
—

Total
7.01

 
$
1,043,261

 
7.01

 
$
720,695
Net (Charge-Offs)/Recoveries, Segregated by Class of Loans
Net (charge-offs)/recoveries, segregated by class of loan, were as follows:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Commercial and industrial
$
(12,259
)
 
$
(6,535
)
 
$
(2,911
)
Energy
(18,588
)
 
(5,997
)
 
(1,237
)
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings, land and other
813

 
314

 
(2,348
)
Construction
23

 
18

 
348

Consumer real estate
(257
)
 
(91
)
 
(733
)
Consumer and other
(4,219
)
 
(3,237
)
 
(2,329
)
Total
$
(34,487
)
 
$
(15,528
)
 
$
(9,210
)
Unallocated Portion of the Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table presents details of the allowance for loan losses, segregated by loan portfolio segment.
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
Energy
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Real Estate
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Historical valuation allowances
$
33,251

 
$
34,626

 
$
16,976

 
$
2,225

 
$
4,585

 
$
91,663

Specific valuation allowances
5,436

 
3,750

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9,186

General valuation allowances
6,708

 
3,769

 
5,004

 
1,506

 
(144
)
 
16,843

Macroeconomic valuation allowances
7,520

 
18,508

 
8,233

 
507

 
585

 
35,353

Total
$
52,915

 
$
60,653

 
$
30,213

 
$
4,238

 
$
5,026

 
$
153,045

December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Historical valuation allowances
$
25,428

 
$
21,195

 
$
15,544

 
$
2,109

 
$
12,813

 
$
77,089

Specific valuation allowances
2,378

 
2,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,378

General valuation allowances
7,339

 
5,525

 
4,619

 
2,052

 
(6,932
)
 
12,603

Macroeconomic valuation allowances
7,848

 
25,976

 
4,150

 
498

 
3,317

 
41,789

Total
$
42,993

 
$
54,696

 
$
24,313

 
$
4,659

 
$
9,198

 
$
135,859
Investment in Loans Related to the Allowance for Loan Losses by Portfolio Segment Disaggregated Based on Impairment Methodology
The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and detailed on the basis of the impairment methodology used by the Corporation was as follows:
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
Energy
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Real Estate
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Total
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated
$
28,909

 
$
57,563

 
$
6,866

 
$
655

 
$
30

 
$
94,023

Collectively evaluated
4,315,091

 
1,328,498

 
4,828,582

 
936,130

 
473,068

 
11,881,369

Total
$
4,344,000

 
$
1,386,061

 
$
4,835,448

 
$
936,785

 
$
473,098

 
$
11,975,392

December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated
$
22,860

 
$
21,139

 
$
32,994

 
$
485

 
$
—

 
$
77,478

Collectively evaluated
4,097,662

 
1,737,056

 
4,259,733

 
880,264

 
434,338

 
11,409,053

Total
$
4,120,522

 
$
1,758,195

 
$
4,292,727

 
$
880,749

 
$
434,338

 
$
11,486,531
Activity in Allowance for Loan Losses by Portfolio Segment
The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for 2016, 2015 and 2014. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.
 
Commercial
and
Industrial
 
Energy
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Consumer
Real Estate
 
Consumer
and Other
 
Unallocated
 
Total
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
42,993

 
$
54,696

 
$
24,313

 
$
4,659

 
$
9,198

 
$
—

 
$
135,859

Provision for loan losses
22,181

 
24,545

 
5,064

 
(164
)
 
47

 
—

 
51,673

Charge-offs
(15,910
)
 
(18,644
)
 
(82
)
 
(814
)
 
(12,878
)
 
—

 
(48,328
)
Recoveries
3,651

 
56

 
918

 
557

 
8,659

 
—

 
13,841

Net charge-offs
(12,259
)
 
(18,588
)
 
836

 
(257
)
 
(4,219
)
 
—

 
(34,487
)
Ending balance
$
52,915

 
$
60,653

 
$
30,213

 
$
4,238

 
$
5,026

 
$
—

 
$
153,045

Allocated to loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
5,436

 
$
3,750

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
9,186

Collectively evaluated for impairment
47,479

 
56,903

 
30,213

 
4,238

 
5,026

 
—

 
143,859

Ending balance
$
52,915

 
$
60,653

 
$
30,213

 
$
4,238

 
$
5,026

 
$
—

 
$
153,045

2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
44,273

 
$
14,919

 
$
27,163

 
$
5,178

 
$
8,009

 
$
—

 
$
99,542

Provision for loan losses
5,255

 
45,774

 
(3,182
)
 
(428
)
 
4,426

 
—

 
51,845

Charge-offs
(11,092
)
 
(6,000
)
 
(657
)
 
(577
)
 
(11,246
)
 
—

 
(29,572
)
Recoveries
4,557

 
3

 
989

 
486

 
8,009

 
—

 
14,044

Net charge-offs
(6,535
)
 
(5,997
)
 
332

 
(91
)
 
(3,237
)
 
—

 
(15,528
)
Ending balance
$
42,993

 
$
54,696

 
$
24,313

 
$
4,659

 
$
9,198

 
$
—

 
$
135,859

Allocated to loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
2,378

 
$
2,000

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
4,378

Collectively evaluated for impairment
40,615

 
52,696

 
24,313

 
4,659

 
9,198

 
—

 
131,481

Ending balance
$
42,993

 
$
54,696

 
$
24,313

 
$
4,659

 
$
9,198

 
$
—

 
$
135,859

2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
46,700

 
$
6,090

 
$
22,590

 
$
5,230

 
$
5,010

 
$
6,818

 
$
92,438

Provision for loan losses
484

 
10,066

 
6,573

 
681

 
5,328

 
(6,818
)
 
16,314

Charge-offs
(12,073
)
 
(1,747
)
 
(3,800
)
 
(1,097
)
 
(9,768
)
 
—

 
(28,485
)
Recoveries
9,162

 
510

 
1,800

 
364

 
7,439

 
—

 
19,275

Net charge-offs
(2,911
)
 
(1,237
)
 
(2,000
)
 
(733
)
 
(2,329
)
 
—

 
(9,210
)
Ending balance
$
44,273

 
$
14,919

 
$
27,163

 
$
5,178

 
$
8,009

 
$
—

 
$
99,542

Allocated to loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
1,613

 
$
67

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,680

Collectively evaluated for impairment
42,660

 
14,852

 
27,163

 
5,178

 
8,009

 
—

 
97,862

Ending balance
$
44,273

 
$
14,919

 
$
27,163

 
$
5,178

 
$
8,009

 
$
—

 
$
99,542