Exhibit 99-1


Franklin Advisers, Inc. ("FAV") is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. ("FRI").  FAV may be deemed to beneficially own the Common Stock for purposes of Rule 13d-3, and accordingly for purposes of section 16(a), under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Act"), in its capacity as the investment adviser to Franklin Income Fund, a series of Franklin Custodian Funds, an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("Franklin Fund"), pursuant to an investment management contract that grants investment and/or voting power to FAV.  When an investment management contract (including a sub-advisory agreement) delegates to FAV investment discretion or voting power over the securities held in the investment advisory accounts that are subject to that agreement, FRI treats FAV as having sole investment discretion or voting authority, as the case may be, unless the agreement specifies otherwise.

Beneficial ownership by FRI and its affiliates is being reported in conformity with the guidelines articulated by the SEC staff in Release No. 34-39538 (January 12, 1998) relating to organizations, such as FRI, where related entities exercise voting and investment powers over the securities being reported independently from each other. The voting and investment powers held by each of FRI's affiliates whose ownership of securities is disaggregated from that of FRI in accordance with the 1998 Release ("FRI Disaggregated Affiliates") are exercised independently from FRI and from all other investment management subsidiaries of FRI (FRI, its affiliates and the investment management subsidiaries of FRI other than FRI Disaggregated Affiliates are collectively, "FRI Aggregated Affiliates"). Furthermore, internal policies and procedures of, on the one hand, FRI Disaggregated Affiliates, and, on the other hand, FRI, establish informational barriers that prevent the flow among, on the one hand, FRI Disaggregated Affiliates (including preventing the flow between such entities), and, on the other hand, the FRI Aggregated Affiliates, of information that relates to the voting and investment powers over the securities owned by their respective investment management clients. Consequently, FRI Disaggregated Affiliates report the securities over which they hold investment and voting power separately from the FRI Aggregated Affiliates for purposes of Section 13 of the Act.

Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. (the "Principal Shareholders") each own in excess of 10% of the
outstanding common stock of FRI and are the principal stockholders of FRI.  FRI and the Principal Shareholders may be deemed to be, for purposes of Rule 13d-3 under the Act, the beneficial owners of securities held by persons and entities for whom or for which FRI's subsidiaries provide investment management services.

FRI, the Principal Shareholders, and the Franklin Fund believe that they are not a group within the meaning of Rule 13d-5 under the Act and that they are not otherwise required to attribute to each other the beneficial ownership of the securities held by any of them or by any persons or entities for whom or for which FAV provides investment management services.