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Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended June 30 were as follows (in millions):
Second Quarter
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 202120222021202220212022
Service cost$127 $125 $139 $107 $12 $11 
Interest cost239 264 109 133 32 37 
Expected return on assets(664)(643)(284)(259)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
— 1 7 5 (3)— 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss(182)— (81)16 — — 
Separation programs/other3 7 47 10 — (1)
Settlements and curtailments
10 — (1)— — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(467)$(246)$(64)$12 $41 $47 
First Half
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 202120222021202220212022
Service cost$265 $250 $283 $218 $24 $21 
Interest cost462 527 208 267 64 74 
Expected return on assets(1,366)(1,285)(569)(527)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
1 1 12 12 (6)(1)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss241 — (565)16 — — 
Separation programs/other5 11 84 17 — (1)
Settlements and curtailments
49 — — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(343)$(496)$(547)$3 $82 $93 

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

In the second quarter of 2021 and 2022, within separation programs/other, we recognized expenses of $46 million and $9 million, respectively, in non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing redesign programs. In the first half of 2021 and 2022, within separation programs/other, we recognized $84 million and $16 million, respectively, in non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing redesign programs. Until our Global Redesign programs are completed, we anticipate further adjustments to our plans in subsequent periods.

Pension Plan Contributions
During 2022, we expect to contribute between $600 million and $700 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $400 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first half of 2022, we contributed $328 million to our global funded pension plans and made $195 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.