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Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
Third Quarter
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 201920202019202020192020
Service cost$121 $130 $125 $135 $11 $12 
Interest cost381 322 170 130 53 43 
Expected return on assets(674)(699)(277)(272)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
22 1 8 8 (18)(4)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss263 (1)43 55 — — 
Separation programs/other7 — 78 66 — (1)
Settlements and curtailments
(16)1 (19)74 — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$104 $(246)$128 $196 $46 $50 
First Nine Months
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 201920202019202020192020
Service cost$349 $390 $381 $393 $33 $35 
Interest cost1,199 968 519 393 158 127 
Expected return on assets(1,972)(2,097)(844)(793)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
65 3 25 25 (53)(12)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss253 3 43 (177)— 58 
Separation programs/other8 13 322 123 — (1)
Settlements and curtailments
(66)5 (19)92 — (2)
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(164)$(715)$427 $56 $138 $205 

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

As part of our ongoing global redesign activities, we recognized additional expense of $50 million and $92 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 2020, respectively, and $245 million and $167 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2020, respectively, related to separation programs, settlements, and curtailments. 

The settlements and curtailments required plan remeasurements at current discount rates, asset returns, and economic conditions.  This resulted in remeasurement losses of $54 million in the third quarter and gains of $116 million in the first nine months of 2020. Until our global redesign actions are completed, we anticipate further adjustments to our plans in subsequent periods.

In the third quarter of 2020, we also recognized a settlement loss of $48 million related to a non-US pension plan.

Pension Plan Contributions

During 2020, we expect to contribute between $500 million and $700 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $350 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first nine months of 2020, we contributed $429 million to our worldwide funded pension plans and made $267 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.