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Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended June 30 were as follows (in millions):
 
Second Quarter
 
Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
Worldwide OPEB
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Service cost
$
114

 
$
130

 
$
127

 
$
127

 
$
11

 
$
11

Interest cost
409

 
323

 
173

 
130

 
52

 
41

Expected return on assets
(649
)
 
(699
)
 
(281
)
 
(254
)
 
—

 
—

Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
21

 
1

 
9

 
8

 
(17
)
 
(4
)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss
(10
)
 
4

 
—

 
(152
)
 
—

 
—

Separation programs/other
—

 
3

 
232

 
33

 
—

 
1

Settlements and curtailments
(50
)
 
4

 
—

 
17

 
—

 
—

Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$
(165
)
 
$
(234
)
 
$
260

 
$
(91
)
 
$
46

 
$
49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Half
 
Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
Worldwide OPEB
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Service cost
$
228

 
$
260

 
$
256

 
$
258

 
$
22

 
$
23

Interest cost
818

 
646

 
349

 
263

 
105

 
84

Expected return on assets
(1,298
)
 
(1,398
)
 
(567
)
 
(521
)
 
—

 
—

Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
43

 
2

 
17

 
17

 
(35
)
 
(8
)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss
(10
)
 
4

 
—

 
(232
)
 
—

 
58

Separation programs/other
1

 
13

 
244

 
57

 
—

 
—

Settlements and curtailments
(50
)
 
4

 
—

 
18

 
—

 
(2
)
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$
(268
)
 
$
(469
)
 
$
299

 
$
(140
)
 
$
92

 
$
155



The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

As part of our ongoing global redesign activities, we recognized additional expense of $232 million and $51 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 2020, respectively, and $245 million and $75 million in the first half of 2019 and 2020, respectively, related to separation programs. 

In addition, in the second quarter, we recognized settlements and curtailments, which required plan remeasurements at current discount rates, asset returns, and economic conditions.  This resulted in remeasurement gains of $148 million and $170 million in the second quarter and first half of 2020, respectively. Until our global redesign actions are completed, we anticipate further adjustments to our plans in subsequent periods.

Pension Plan Contributions

During 2020, we expect to contribute between $500 million and $700 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $350 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first half of 2020, we contributed $282 million to our worldwide funded pension plans and made $176 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.