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Fair Value Of Assets And Liabilities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Fair Value Of Assets And Liabilities  
Fair Value Of Assets And Liabilities
Note 16 — Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities
FHN groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. This hierarchy requires FHN to maximize the use of observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. Each fair value measurement is placed into the proper level based on the lowest level of significant input. These levels are:
    Level 1 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
 
    Level 2 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
 
    Level 3 — Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
Transfers between fair value levels are recognized at the end of the fiscal quarter in which the associated change in inputs occurs.

The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2011:

                                 
    June 30, 2011
(Dollars in thousands)   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
 
Trading securities — capital markets:
                               
U.S. treasuries
  $     $ 218,302     $     $ 218,302  
Government agency issued MBS
          361,421             361,421  
Government agency issued CMO
          133,841             133,841  
Other U.S. government agencies
          192,643             192,643  
States and municipalities
          19,093             19,093  
Corporate and other debt
          239,205       5       239,210  
Equity, mutual funds, and other
          247             247  
 
Total trading securities — capital markets
          1,164,752       5       1,164,757  
 
 
                               
Trading securities — mortgage banking
                               
Principal only
          8,775             8,775  
Interest only
                22,848       22,848  
 
Total trading securities — mortgage banking
          8,775       22,848       31,623  
 
 
                               
Loans held for sale
          9,372       215,870       225,242  
 
                               
Securities available for sale:
                               
U.S. treasuries
          46,250             46,250  
Government agency issued MBS
          1,501,767             1,501,767  
Government agency issued CMO
          1,423,894             1,423,894  
Other U.S. government agencies
          13,246       6,681       19,927  
States and municipalities
          17,865       1,500       19,365  
Corporate and other debt
    540                   540  
Venture capital
                13,179       13,179  
Equity, mutual funds, and other
    7,279                   7,279  
 
Total securities available for sale
    7,819       3,003,022       21,360       3,032,201  
 
 
                               
Mortgage servicing rights
                186,958       186,958  
 
                               
Other assets:
                               
Deferred compensation assets
    25,356                   25,356  
Derivatives, forwards and futures
    12,200                   12,200  
Derivatives, interest rate contracts
          292,476             292,476  
 
Total other assets
    37,556       292,476             330,032  
 
Total assets
  $ 45,375     $ 4,478,397     $ 447,041     $ 4,970,813  
 
 
                               
Trading liabilities — capital markets:
                               
U.S. treasuries
  $     $ 331,864     $     $ 331,864  
Government agency issued MBS
          238             238  
Government agency issued CMO
          122             122  
Other U.S. government agencies
          6,026             6,026  
Corporate and other debt
          160,665             160,665  
 
Total trading liabilities — capital markets
          498,915             498,915  
 
 
                               
Other short-term borrowings and commercial paper
                23,645       23,645  
 
Other liabilities:
                               
Derivatives, forwards and futures
    16,509                   16,509  
Derivatives, interest rate contracts
          194,504             194,504  
Derivatives, other
          6       1,270       1,276  
 
Total other liabilities
    16,509       194,510       1,270       212,289  
 
Total liabilities
  $ 16,509     $ 693,425     $ 24,915     $ 734,849  
 

The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2010:

                                 
    June 30, 2010
(Dollars in thousands)   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
 
Trading securities — capital markets:
                               
U.S. treasuries
  $     $ 105,796     $     $ 105,796  
Government agency issued MBS
          295,046             295,046  
Government agency issued CMO
          196,775             196,775  
Other U.S. government agencies
          161,993             161,993  
States and municipalities
          21,708             21,708  
Corporate and other debt
          361,168       34       361,202  
Trading loans
          621,626             621,626  
Equity, mutual funds, and other
          2,438             2,438  
 
Total trading securities — capital markets
          1,766,550       34       1,766,584  
 
Trading securities — mortgage banking
                               
Principal only
          11,340             11,340  
Interest only
                28,864       28,864  
 
Total trading securities — mortgage banking
          11,340       28,864       40,204  
 
Loans held for sale
          30,762       209,748       240,510  
Securities available for sale:
                               
U.S. treasuries
          68,568             68,568  
Government agency issued MBS
          915,601             915,601  
Government agency issued CMO
          1,096,506             1,096,506  
Other U.S. government agencies
          18,128       89,495       107,623  
States and municipalities
          41,875             41,875  
Corporate and other debt
    546                   546  
Venture capital
                16,141       16,141  
Equity, mutual funds, and other
    13,715       31,158             44,873  
 
Total securities available for sale
    14,261       2,171,836       105,636       2,291,733  
 
 
                               
Mortgage servicing rights
                201,746       201,746  
 
                               
Other assets:
                               
Deferred compensation assets
    25,365                   25,365  
Derivatives, forwards and futures
    20,672                   20,672  
Derivatives, interest rate contracts
          324,438             324,438  
 
Total other assets
    46,037       324,438             370,475  
 
Total assets
  $ 60,298     $ 4,304,926     $ 546,028     $ 4,911,252  
 
 
                               
Trading liabilities — capital markets:
                               
U.S. treasuries
  $     $ 224,951     $     $ 224,951  
Government agency issued MBS
          732             732  
Other U.S. government agencies
          1,010             1,010  
Corporate and other debt
          254,784             254,784  
 
Total trading liabilities — capital markets
          481,477             481,477  
 
Other short-term borrowings and commercial paper
                25,886       25,886  
 
                               
Other liabilities:
                               
Derivatives, forwards and futures
    8,319                   8,319  
Derivatives, interest rate contracts
          206,728             206,728  
 
Total other liabilities
    8,319       206,728             215,047  
 
Total liabilities
  $ 8,319     $ 688,205     $ 25,886     $ 722,410  
 
Changes in Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:
                                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
                    Securities available for sale     Mortgage     Net derivative     Other short-term  
    Trading     Loans held     Investment     Venture     servicing     assets and     borrowings and  
(Dollars in thousands)   securities (a)     for sale     portfolio (b)     Capital     rights, net     liabilities     commercial paper  
 
Balance on April 1, 2011
  $ 25,370     $ 209,863     $ 8,428     $ 13,179     $ 207,748     $ (2,100 )   $ 27,991  
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
                                                       
Net income
    733       (4,069 )                 (15,006 )     (32 )     (4,346 )
Other comprehensive income
                58                          
Purchases
          23,079                                
Issuances
                                         
Sales
    (132 )                                    
Settlements
    (3,118 )     (10,519 )     (305 )           (5,784 )     862        
Net transfers in/(out) level 3
          (2,484 ) (f)                              
 
Balance June 30, 2011
  $ 22,853     $ 215,870     $ 8,181     $ 13,179     $ 186,958     $ (1,270 )   $ 23,645  
 
 
                                                       
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income
  $ 286 (c)   $ (4,069 ) (c)   $     $ (d)   $ (14,802 ) (c)   $ (32 ) (e)   $ (4,346 ) (c)
 
                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2010
                    Securities available for sale     Mortgage     Other short-term  
    Trading     Loans held     Investment     Venture     servicing     borrowings and  
(Dollars in thousands)   securities (a)     for sale     portfolio (b)     Capital     rights, net     commercial paper  
 
Balance on April 1, 2010
  $ 47,411     $ 209,672     $ 94,328     $ 16,141     $ 264,959     $ 36,180  
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
                                               
Net income/(loss)
    1,145       (3,803 )                 (31,417 )     (10,294 )
Other comprehensive income
                350                    
Purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements, net
    (19,658 )     3,879       (3,683 )           (31,796 )      
 
Balance June 30, 2010
  $ 28,898     $ 209,748     $ 90,995     $ 16,141     $ 201,746     $ 25,886  
 
 
                                               
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income
  $ 443 (c)   $ (3,803 ) (c)   $     $ (d)   $ (30,121 ) (c)   $ (10,294 ) (c)
 
Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.
(a)   Primarily represents certificated interest only strips and excess interest mortgage banking trading securities. Capital markets Level 3 trading securities are not significant.
 
(b)   Primarily represents other U.S. government agencies. States and municipalities are not significant.
 
(c)   Primarily included in Mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
 
(d)   Represents recognized gains and losses attributable to venture capital investments classified within securities AFS that are included in securities gains/(losses) in noninterest income.
 
(e)   Included in Other expense.
 
(f)   Transfers out of recurring level 3 balances reflect movements out of loans held for sale and into real estate acquired by foreclosure (level 3 nonrecurring).

Changes in Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:
                                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
                    Securities available for sale     Mortgage     Net derivative     Other short-term  
    Trading     Loans held     Investment     Venture     servicing     assets and     borrowings and  
(Dollars in thousands)   securities (a)     for sale     portfolio (b)     Capital     rights, net     liabilities     commercial paper  
 
Balance on January 1, 2011
  $ 26,478     $ 207,632     $ 39,391     $ 13,179     $ 207,319     $ (1,000 )   $ 27,309  
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
                                                       
Net income
    2,933       (8,194 )                 (7,359 )     (1,132 )     (3,664 )
Other comprehensive income
                (1,688 )                        
Purchases
          39,120                                
Issuances
                                         
Sales
    (132 )           (29,217 )                        
Settlements
    (6,426 )     (19,869 )     (305 )           (13,002 )     862        
Net transfers in/(out) level 3
          (2,819 ) (f)                              
 
Balance June 30, 2011
  $ 22,853     $ 215,870     $ 8,181     $ 13,179     $ 186,958     $ (1,270 )   $ 23,645  
 
 
                                                       
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income
  $ 2,059 (c)   $ (8,194 ) (c)   $     $ - (d)   $ (7,048 ) (c)   $ (667 ) (e)   $ (3,664 )(c)
 
                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
                    Securities available for sale     Mortgage     Other short-term  
    Trading     Loans held     Investment     Venture     servicing     borrowings and  
(Dollars in thousands)   securities (a)     for sale     portfolio (b)     Capital     rights, net     commercial paper  
 
Balance on January 1, 2010
  $ 56,132     $ 206,227     $ 99,173     $ 15,743     $ 302,611     $ 39,662  
Adjustment due to adoption of amendments to ASC 810
    (4,776 )                       (2,293 )      
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
                                               
Net income
    3,162       (4,841 )                 (57,455 )     (13,776 )
Other comprehensive income
                1                    
Purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements, net
    (25,620 )     8,362       (8,179 )     398       (41,117 )      
 
Balance on June 30, 2010
  $ 28,898     $ 209,748     $ 90,995     $ 16,141     $ 201,746     $ 25,886  
 
 
                                               
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income
  $ 964 (c)   $ (4,841) (c)   $     $ (d)   $ (54,767) (c)   $ (13,776) (c)
 
Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.
(a)   Primarily represents certificated interest only strips and excess interest mortgage banking trading securities. Capital markets Level 3 trading securities are not significant.
 
(b)   Primarily represents other U.S. government agencies. States and municipalities are not significant.
 
(c)   Primarily included in Mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
 
(d)   Represents recognized gains and losses attributable to venture capital investments classified within securities AFS that are included in securities gains/(losses) in noninterest income.
 
(e)   Included in Other expense.
 
(f)   Transfers out of recurring level 3 balances reflect movements out of loans held for sale and into real estate acquired by foreclosure (level 3 nonrecurring).

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

From time to time, FHN may be required to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of LOCOM accounting or write-downs of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis which were still held on the balance sheet at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment, the related carrying value, and the fair value adjustments recorded during the respective periods.
In first quarter 2011, FHN recognized goodwill impairment of $10.1 million related to the contracted sale of FHI. In accordance with accounting requirements, FHN allocated a portion of the goodwill from the applicable reporting unit to the asset group held for sale in determining the carrying value of the disposal group. In determining the amount of impairment, FHN compared the carrying value of the disposal group to the estimated value of the contracted sale price, which primarily included observable inputs in the form of financial asset values but which also included certain non-observable inputs related to the estimated values of post-closing events and contingencies. Thus, this measurement was considered a Level 3 valuation. Impairment of goodwill was recognized for the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the disposal group.
In second quarter 2011, FHN exercised a clean-up call on a first lien mortgage proprietary securitization trust. In accordance with accounting requirements, FHN initially recognized the associated loans at fair value. Fair value was primarily determined through reference to observable inputs, including current market prices for similar loans. Since these loans were from the 2003 vintage, adjustments were made for the higher yields and lower credit risk associated with the loans in comparison to more currently originated loans being sold. This resulted in recognition of an immaterial premium for the called loans.

Fair Value Option

FHN elected the fair value option on a prospective basis for almost all types of mortgage loans originated for sale purposes under the Financial Instruments Topic ("ASC 825"). FHN determined that the election reduced certain timing differences and better matched changes in the value of such loans with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets at the time of election. After the 2008 divestiture of certain mortgage banking operations and the significant decline of mortgage loans originated for sale, FHN discontinued hedging the mortgage warehouse.
Repurchased loans are recognized within loans held-for-sale at fair value at the time of repurchase, which includes consideration of the credit status of the loans and the estimated liquidation value. FHN has elected to continue recognition of these loans at fair value in periods subsequent to reacquisition. Due to the credit-distressed nature of the vast majority of repurchased loans and the related loss severities experienced upon repurchase, FHN believes that the fair value election provides a more timely recognition of changes in value for these loans that occur subsequent to repurchase. Absent the fair value election, these loans would be subject to valuation at the lower of cost or market value, which would prevent subsequent values from exceeding the initial fair value, determined at the time of repurchase but would require recognition of subsequent declines in value. Thus, the fair value election provides for a more timely recognition of any potential future recoveries in asset values while not affecting the requirement to recognize subsequent declines in value.
In second quarter 2010, capital markets acquired a pool of conforming mortgage loans having a fair value carrying amount of $621.6 million with the intent to transfer the loans to a counterparty during the third quarter following the quarter of acquisition. As part of this transaction, capital markets entered into forward delivery contracts to economically hedge the value of the loans. FHN elected to recognize the loans at fair value and classified them as trading loans within trading securities in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as of June 30, 2010. For the loans acquired in second quarter 2010, delivery of the loans and the related settlement of the forward delivery contracts occurred in third quarter 2010.
FHN transferred certain servicing assets in transactions that did not qualify for sale treatment due to certain recourse provisions. The associated proceeds are recognized within Other Short Term Borrowings and Commercial Paper in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as of June 30, 2011 and 2010. Since the servicing assets are recognized at fair value and changes in the fair value of the related financing liabilities will exactly mirror the change in fair value of the associated servicing assets, management elected to account for the financing liabilities at fair value. Since the servicing assets have already been delivered to the buyer, the fair value of the financing liabilities associated with the transaction does not reflect any instrument-specific credit risk.
The following table reflects the differences between the fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value in accordance with management's election and the aggregate unpaid principal amount FHN is contractually entitled to receive at maturity.

Assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value election are initially measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Such changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities for which FHN elected the fair value option are included in current period earnings with classification in the income statement line item reflected in the following table:

                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30     June 30  
(Dollars in thousands)   2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
Changes in fair value included in net income:
                               
Capital markets noninterest income
                               
Trading loans
  $     $ 11,752     $     $ 11,752  
Mortgage banking noninterest income
                               
Loans held for sale
    (4,069 )     (3,803 )     (8,194 )     (4,841 )
Other short-term borrowings and commercial paper
    (4,346 )     (10,294 )     (3,664 )     (13,776 )
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the amounts for loans held for sale include losses of $2.8 million and $.1 million, respectively, included in pretax earnings that are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the amounts for loans held for sale include losses of $5.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, included in pretax earnings that are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. The portion of the fair value adjustments related to credit risk was determined based on both a quality adjustment for delinquencies and the full credit spread on the non-conforming loans. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in the interest income section of the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income as interest on loans held for sale.
Determination of Fair Value
In accordance with ASC 820-10-35, fair values are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following describes the assumptions and methodologies used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments and MSR recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition and for estimating the fair value of financial instruments for which fair value is disclosed under ASC 825-10-50.
Short-term financial assets. Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and interest bearing deposits with other financial institutions are carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.
Trading securities and trading liabilities. Trading securities and trading liabilities are recognized at fair value through current earnings. Trading inventory held for broker-dealer operations is included in trading securities and trading liabilities. Broker-dealer long positions are valued at bid price in the bid-ask spread. Short positions are valued at the ask price. Inventory positions are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves, credit spreads, and consensus prepayment speeds. Trading loans are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, swap rates, mortgage rates, and consensus prepayment speeds.
Trading securities also include retained interests in prior securitizations that qualify as financial assets, which primarily include excess interest (structured as interest-only strips) and principal-only strips. Excess interest represents rights to receive interest from serviced assets that exceed contractually specified rates and principal-only strips are principal cash flow tranches. All financial assets retained from a securitization are recognized on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition in trading securities at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses included in current earnings as a component of noninterest income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
The fair value of excess interest is determined using prices from closely comparable assets such as MSR that are tested against prices determined using a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future cash flows. Inputs utilized in valuing excess interest are consistent with those used to value the related MSR. The fair value of excess interest typically changes based on changes in the discount rate and differences between modeled prepayment speeds and credit losses and actual experience. FHN uses assumptions in the model that it believes are comparable to those used by brokers and other service providers. FHN also periodically compares its estimates of fair value and assumptions with brokers, service providers, recent market activity, and against its own experience. FHN uses observable inputs such as trades of similar instruments, yield curves, credit spreads, and consensus prepayment speeds to determine the fair value of principal-only strips.

Securities available for sale. Securities available for sale includes the investment portfolio accounted for as available for sale under ASC 320-10-25, federal bank stock holdings, short-term investments in mutual funds, and venture capital investments. Valuations of available-for-sale securities are performed using observable inputs obtained from market transactions in similar securities. Typical inputs include LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves, consensus prepayment estimates, and credit spreads. When available, broker quotes are used to support these valuations. Certain government agency debt obligations with limited trading activity are valued using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. Primary observable inputs include contractual cash flows and the treasury curve. Significant unobservable inputs include estimated trading spreads and estimated prepayment speeds.

Stock held in the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Banks are recognized at historical cost in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition which is considered to approximate fair value. Short-term investments in mutual funds are measured at the funds' reported closing net asset values. Venture capital investments are typically measured using significant internally generated inputs including adjustments to referenced transaction values and discounted cash flows analysis.
Loans held for sale. FHN determines the fair value of certain loans within the mortgage warehouse using a discounted cash flow model using observable inputs, including current mortgage rates for similar products, with adjustments for differences in loan characteristics reflected in the model's discount rates. For all other loans held in the warehouse, the fair value of loans whose principal market is the securitization market is based on recent security trade prices for similar products with a similar delivery date, with necessary pricing adjustments to convert the security price to a loan price. Loans whose principal market is the whole loan market are priced based on recent observable whole loan trade prices or published third party bid prices for similar product, with necessary pricing adjustments to reflect differences in loan characteristics. Typical adjustments to security prices for whole loan prices include adding the value of MSR to the security price or to the whole loan price if FHN's mortgage loan is servicing retained, adjusting for interest in excess of (or less than) the required coupon or note rate, adjustments to reflect differences in the characteristics of the loans being valued as compared to the collateral of the security or the loan characteristics in the benchmark whole loan trade, adding interest carry, reflecting the recourse obligation that will remain after sale, and adjusting for changes in market liquidity or interest rates if the benchmark security or loan price is not current. Additionally, loans that are delinquent or otherwise significantly aged are discounted to reflect the less marketable nature of these loans.
Loans held for sale includes loans made by the Small Business Administration ("SBA"). The fair value of SBA loans is determined using an expected cash flow model that utilizes observable inputs such as the spread between LIBOR and prime rates, consensus prepayment speeds, and the treasury curve. The fair value of other non-mortgage loans held for sale is approximated by their carrying values based on current transaction values.
Loans, net of unearned income. Loans, net of unearned income are recognized at the amount of funds advanced, less charge offs and an estimation of credit risk represented by the allowance for loan losses. The fair value estimates for disclosure purposes differentiate loans based on their financial characteristics, such as product classification, loan category, pricing features, and remaining maturity.
The fair value of floating rate loans is estimated through comparison to recent market activity in loans of similar product types, with adjustments made for differences in loan characteristics. In situations where market pricing inputs are not available, fair value is considered to approximate book value due to the monthly repricing for commercial and consumer loans, with the exception of floating rate 1-4 family residential mortgage loans which reprice annually and will lag movements in market rates. The fair value for floating rate 1-4 family mortgage loans is calculated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value by using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same time period.
Prepayment assumptions based on historical prepayment speeds and industry speeds for similar loans have been applied to the floating rate 1-4 family residential mortgage portfolio.

The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated through comparison to recent market activity in loans of similar product types, with adjustments made for differences in loan characteristics. In situations where market pricing inputs are not available, fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value by using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same time period. Prepayment assumptions based on historical prepayment speeds and industry speeds for similar loans have been applied to the fixed rate mortgage and installment loan portfolios.

Individually impaired loans are measured using either a discounted cash flow methodology or the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell, if the loan is considered collateral-dependent. In accordance with accounting standards, the discounted cash flow analysis utilizes the loan's effective interest rate for discounting expected cash flow amounts. Thus, this analysis is not considered a fair value measurement in accordance with ASC 820. However, the results of this methodology are considered to approximate fair value for the applicable loans. Expected cash flows are derived from internally-developed inputs primarily reflecting expected default rates on contractual cash flows. For loans measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell, fair value is estimated using appraisals of the collateral. Collateral values are monitored and additional write-downs are recognized if it is determined that the estimated collateral values have declined further. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. Carrying value is considered to reflect fair value for these loans.
Mortgage servicing rights. FHN recognizes all classes of MSR at fair value. Since sales of MSR tend to occur in private transactions and the precise terms and conditions of the sales are typically not readily available, there is a limited market to refer to in determining the fair value of MSR. As such, FHN primarily relies on a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of its MSR. This model calculates estimated fair value of the MSR using predominant risk characteristics of MSR such as interest rates, type of product (fixed vs. variable), age (new, seasoned, or moderate), agency type and other factors. FHN uses assumptions in the model that it believes are comparable to those used by brokers and other service providers. FHN also periodically compares its estimates of fair value and assumptions with brokers, service providers, recent market activity, and against its own experience.
Derivative assets and liabilities. The fair value for forwards and futures contracts used to hedge the value of servicing assets is based on current transactions involving identical securities. These contracts are exchange-traded and thus have no credit risk factor assigned as the risk of non-performance is limited to the clearinghouse used.
Valuations of other derivatives (primarily interest rate related swaps, swaptions, caps, and collars) are based on inputs observed in active markets for similar instruments. Typical inputs include the LIBOR curve, option volatility, and option skew. Credit risk is mitigated for these instruments through the use of mutual margining and master netting agreements as well as collateral posting requirements. Any remaining credit risk related to interest rate derivatives is considered in determining fair value through evaluation of additional factors such as customer loan grades and debt ratings. Foreign currency related derivatives also utilize observable exchange rates in the determination of fair value.
In conjunction with the sale of a portion of its Visa Class B shares in December 2010, FHN and the purchaser entered into a derivative transaction whereby FHN will make, or receive, cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. The fair value of this derivative has been determined using a discounted cash flow methodology for estimated future cash flows determined through use of probability weighted scenarios for multiple estimates of Visa's aggregate exposure to covered litigation matters, which include consideration of amounts funded by Visa into its escrow account for the covered litigation matters. Since this estimation process requires application of judgment in developing significant unobservable inputs used to determine the possible outcomes and the probability weighting assigned to each scenario, this derivative has been classified within Level 3 in fair value measurements disclosures.
Real estate acquired by foreclosure. Real estate acquired by foreclosure primarily consists of properties that have been acquired in satisfaction of debt. These properties are carried at the lower of the outstanding loan amount or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell the real estate. Estimated fair value is determined using appraised values with subsequent adjustments for deterioration in values that are not reflected in the most recent appraisal. Real estate acquired by foreclosure also includes properties acquired in compliance with HUD servicing guidelines which are carried at the estimated amount of the underlying government assurance or guarantee.

Nonearning assets. For disclosure purposes, nonearning assets include cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable, and capital markets receivables. Due to the short-term nature of cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable, and capital markets receivables, the fair value is approximated by the book value.

Other assets. For disclosure purposes, other assets consist of investments in low income housing partnerships and deferred compensation assets that are considered financial assets. Investments in low income housing partnerships are written down to estimated fair value quarterly based on the estimated value of the associated tax credits. Deferred compensation assets are recognized at fair value, which is based on quoted prices in active markets.
Defined maturity deposits. The fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted by using the current market rates of similar instruments applicable to the remaining maturity. For disclosure purposes, defined maturity deposits include all certificates of deposit and other time deposits.
Undefined maturity deposits. In accordance with ASC 825, the fair value is approximated by the book value. For the purpose of this disclosure, undefined maturity deposits include demand deposits, checking interest accounts, savings accounts, and money market accounts.
Short-term financial liabilities. The fair value of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings and commercial paper are approximated by the book value. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. Other short-term borrowings and commercial paper includes a liability associated with transfers of mortgage servicing rights that did not qualify for sale accounting. This liability is accounted for at elected fair value, which is measured consistent with the related MSR, as previously described.
Term borrowings. The fair value is based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes for the identical liability when traded as an asset. When pricing information for the identical liability is not available, relevant prices for similar debt instruments are used with adjustments being made to the prices obtained for differences in characteristics of the debt instruments. If no relevant pricing information is available, the fair value is approximated by the present value of the contractual cash flows discounted by the investor's yield which considers FHN's and FTBNA's debt ratings.
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities. For disclosure purposes, other noninterest-bearing liabilities include accrued interest payable and capital markets payables. Due to the short-term nature of these liabilities, the book value is considered to approximate fair value.
Loan commitments. Fair values are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties' credit standing.
Other commitments. Fair values are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements.

The following fair value estimates are determined as of a specific point in time utilizing various assumptions and estimates. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, will likely reduce the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. Due to market illiquidity, the fair values for loans, net of unearned income, loans held for sale, and term borrowings as of June 30, 2011 and 2010, involve the use of significant internally-developed pricing assumptions for certain components of these line items. These assumptions are considered to reflect inputs that market participants would use in transactions involving these instruments as of the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments (including MSR) have not been included in the following table such as the value of long-term relationships with deposit and trust customers, premises and equipment, goodwill and other intangibles, deferred taxes, and certain other assets and other liabilities. Accordingly, the total of the fair value amounts does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the company.

The following table summarizes the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as well as unfunded commitments as of June 30, 2011 and 2010.