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Loans
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Loans  
Loans
Note 4- Loans
The following table provides the balance of loans by portfolio on June 30, 2011, June 30, 2010, and December 31, 2010:
FHN has a concentration of loans secured by residential real estate (45 percent of total loans), the majority of which is in the consumer real estate portfolio (34 percent of total loans). Additionally, on June 30, 2011, FHN had bank-related and trust preferred loans ("TRUPs") (i.e., loans to bank and insurance-related businesses) totaling $.7 billion (10 percent of the C&I portfolio, or 4 percent of total loans). Due to the higher credit losses encountered throughout the financial services industry, limited availability of market liquidity, and the impact from economic conditions on these borrowers these loans have experienced stress throughout the economic downturn.
Components of the Loan Portfolio. For purposes of the disclosures required pursuant to the adoption of amendments to ASC 310, the loan portfolio was disaggregated into segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. A portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute (i.e., amortized cost or purchased credit impaired), risk characteristics of the loan, and an entity's method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Commercial loan portfolio segments include commercial, financial, and industrial ("C&I") and commercial real estate ("CRE"). Commercial classes within C&I include general C&I, loans to mortgage companies, and the TRUPs portfolio. Loans to mortgage companies includes commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies exclusively for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower's sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Commercial classes within commercial real estate include income CRE and residential CRE. Retail loan portfolio segments include consumer real estate, permanent mortgage, and the combined credit card and other portfolios. Retail classes include HELOC and real estate ("R/E") installment loans within the consumer real estate segment, permanent mortgage (which is both a segment and a class), and credit card and other. Restricted real estate loans include HELOCs that were previously securitized on balance sheet as well as HELOC and some permanent mortgages that were consolidated on January 1, 2010 in conjunction with the adoption of amendments to ASC 810. Due to the winding down nature and decreasing size of the OTC residential construction portfolio, in most cases the remaining balances and activity of this portfolio has been combined with and included within the other retail class.
Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses ("ALLL") includes the following components: reserves for commercial loans evaluated based on pools of credit graded loans and reserves for pools of smaller-balance homogeneous retail loans, both determined in accordance with the ASC Topic related to Contingencies (ASC 450-20-50). The reserve factors applied to these pools are an estimate of probable incurred losses based on management's evaluation of historical net losses from loans with similar characteristics and are subject to adjustment by management to reflect current events, trends, and conditions (including economic considerations and trends). The slow economic recovery, weak housing market, and elevated unemployment levels are examples of additional factors considered by management in determining the allowance for loan losses. Also included are reserves, determined in accordance with the Receivables Topic (ASC 310-10-45), for loans determined by management to be individually impaired.
Key components of the estimation process are as follows: (1) commercial loans determined by management to be individually impaired loans are evaluated individually and specific reserves are determined based on the difference between the outstanding loan amount and the estimated net realizable value of the collateral (if collateral dependent) or the present value of expected future cash flows; (2) individual commercial loans not considered to be individually impaired are segmented based on similar credit risk characteristics and evaluated on a pool basis; (3) reserve rates for the commercial segment are calculated based on historical net charge-offs and are subject to adjustment by management to reflect current events, trends, and conditions (including economic considerations and trends); (4) management's estimate of probable incurred losses reflects the reserve rate applied against the balance of loans in the commercial segment of the loan portfolio; (5) retail loans are segmented based on loan type; (6) reserve amounts for each retail portfolio segment are calculated using analytical models based on net loss experience and are subject to adjustment by management to reflect current events, trends, and conditions (including economic considerations and trends); and (7) the reserve amount for each retail portfolio segment reflects management's estimate of probable incurred losses in the retail segment of the loan portfolio.
Commercial. For commercial loans, reserves are established using historical net loss factors by grade level, loan product, and business segment. An assessment of the quality of individual commercial loans is made utilizing credit grades assigned internally based on a dual grading system which estimates both the probability of default ("PD") and loss severity in the event of default. PD grades range from 1-16 while estimated loss severities, or loss given default ("LGD"), grades range from 1-12. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the migration of loans between grading categories. It is also integral to the estimation methodology utilized in determining the allowance for loan losses since an allowance is established for pools of commercial loans based on the credit grade assigned. The appropriate relationship team performs the process of categorizing commercial loans into the appropriate credit grades, initially as a component of the approval of the loan, and subsequently throughout the life of the loan as part of our servicing regimen. The proper loan grade for larger exposures is confirmed by a senior credit officer in the approval process. To determine the most appropriate credit grade for each loan, the credit risk grading system employs scorecards for particular categories of loans that consist of a number of objective and subjective measures that are weighted in a manner that produces a rank ordering of risk within pass-graded credits. Loan grades are frequently reviewed by Credit Risk Assurance to determine if the process continues to result in accurate loan grading across the portfolio.
FHN may utilize availability of guarantors/sponsors to support lending decisions during the credit underwriting process and when determining the assignment of internal loan grades. Where guarantor contributions are determined to be a source of repayment, an assessment of the guarantee is made. This guarantee assessment would include but not be limited to factors such as type and feature of the guarantee, consideration for the guarantee, key provisions of the guarantee agreement, and ability of the guarantor to be a viable secondary source of repayment.
Reliance on the guarantee as a viable secondary source of repayment is a function of an analysis proving capability to pay factoring in, among other things, liquidity, and direct/indirect debt cash flows. Therefore, a proper evaluation of each guarantor is critical. FHN establishes a guarantor's ability (financial wherewithal) to support a credit based on an analysis of recent information on the guarantor's financial condition. This would generally include income and asset information from sources such as recent tax returns, credit reports, and personal financial statements. In analyzing this information FHN seeks to assess a combination of liquidity, global cash flow, cash burn rate, and contingent liabilities to demonstrate the guarantor's capacity to sustain support for the credit and fulfill the obligation. FHN also considers the volume and amount of guarantees provided for all global indebtedness and the likelihood of realization. Guarantor financial information is periodically updated throughout the life of the loan. FHN presumes a guarantor's willingness to perform until financial support becomes necessary or if there is any current or prior indication or future expectation that the guarantor may not willingly and voluntarily perform under the terms of the guarantee.
In FHN's risk grading approach, it is deemed that financial support becomes necessary generally at a point when the loan would otherwise be graded substandard, reflecting a well-defined weakness. At that point, provided willingness is appropriately demonstrated, a strong, legally enforceable guarantee can mitigate the risk of default or loss, justify a less severe rating, and consequently reduce the level of allowance or charge-off that might otherwise be deemed appropriate. FHN establishes guarantor willingness to support the credit through documented evidence of previous and ongoing support of the credit. Previous performance under a guarantor's obligation to pay is not considered if the performance was involuntary.
Retail. The ALLL for smaller-balance homogenous retail loans is determined based on pools of similar loan types that have similar credit risk characteristics. FHN manages retail loan credit risk on a class basis. Reserves by portfolio are determined using segmented roll-rate models that incorporate various factors including historical delinquency trends, experienced loss frequencies, and experienced loss severities. Generally, reserves for retail loans reflect inherent losses in the portfolio that are expected to be recognized over the following twelve months.

Individually Impaired. Under ASC 310-10, individually impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future payments discounted at the loan's effective interest rate ("the DCF method"), observable market prices, or for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell (net realizable value). For loans measured using the DCF method or by observable market prices, if the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds this amount, a specific allowance is established as a component of the allowance for loan and lease losses; however, for impaired collateral-dependent loans, FHN will charge off the full difference between the book value and the best estimate of net realizable value.

The following table provides a rollforward of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the first six months of 2011 and 2010:
 
Impaired Loans. Generally, classified non-accrual commercial loans over $1 million are deemed to be impaired and are assessed for impairment measurement in accordance with ASC 310-10. Also, all commercial and retail consumer loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are deemed to be impaired and are assessed for impairment measurement in accordance with ASC 310-10.
When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, accrued interest is reversed through interest income. FHN's policy is that interest payments received on impaired and nonaccrual loans are recognized as a payment of principal. Once all principal has been received, additional payments are recognized as interest income on a cash basis.

The average balance of impaired loans was $610.5 million and $612.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, and $1.8 million and $3.1 million of interest income was recognized during the respective periods related to such impaired loans. The average balance of impaired loans was $613.4 million and $568.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, and $.7 million and $1.3 million of interest income was recognized during the respective periods related to such impaired loans. The following tables provide loan classes with the period-end and quarterly average amount of recorded investment in impaired loans for which there is a related allowance for loan loss, the period-end and quarterly average amount of recorded investment in impaired loans where there is no related allowance for loan loss, the total unpaid principal balance of the impaired loans, and amount of interest income recognized on the impaired loans:

Asset Quality Indicators. As previously discussed, FHN employs a dual-grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for PD and the LGD for each commercial loan. FHN utilizes these grades to measure, monitor, and assess credit risk within the commercial loan portfolio. The methodology utilizes multiple scorecards that have been developed using a combination of objective and subjective factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage; a PD 1 has the lowest expected default probability, and probabilities increase as grades progress down the scale. PD 1 through PD 12 are "pass" grades. Prior to second quarter 2011, all loans with an assigned PD grade of "12" which is the lowest pass grade were included on the Watch list. In second quarter 2011, FHN implemented an enhanced process for determining which loans warrant additional oversight and monitoring. The identification of Watch List loans is now determined by the appropriate relationship team and is generally driven by specific events that may impact borrowers, rather than being driven solely by the assigned PD grade. This process enhancement did not have a material impact on the allowance for loan and lease losses. PD grades 13-16 corresponds to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16). Pass loan grades are required to be re-assessed annually or whenever there has been a material change in the financial condition of the borrower or structure of the relationship. Loans graded 13 or worse are re-assessed on a quarterly basis. LGD grades are assigned based on a scale of 1-12 and represent FHN's expected recovery based on collateral type in the event a loan defaults.

The following table provides the balances of commercial loan portfolio classes, disaggregated by PD grade as of June 30, 2011:
The retail portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of retail loan-types, FHN is able to utilize the Fair Isaac's ("FICO") score, among other attributes, to assess the quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis and attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are also other indicators of retail portfolio asset quality.

The following tables reflect period-end balances and various asset quality indicators by origination vintage for the HELOC, real estate installment, and permanent mortgage classes of loans as of June 30, 2011. Beginning with the first quarter Form 10-Q filing, the permanent mortgage asset quality indicators have been updated to allow a consistent presentation of the retail real estate loan portfolios.

HELOC
R/E Installment Loans
                                                         
            Origination Characteristics     Avg  
Origination   Period End                     %     %     %     Refreshed  
Vintage   Balance     Avg orig CLTV     Avg orig FICO     Broker     TN     1st Lien     FICO  
 
pre-2003
  $ 69       77.5 %     693       17.9 %     62.4 %     67.1 %     689  
2003
    192       72.5 %     723       3.2 %     44.4 %     77.6 %     732  
2004
    113       74.0 %     712       7.3 %     50.9 %     72.1 %     712  
2005
    304       83.0 %     721       25.9 %     21.1 %     27.7 %     716  
2006
    334       78.9 %     722       4.6 %     24.6 %     25.1 %     707  
2007
    465       81.9 %     731       15.8 %     24.0 %     24.6 %     715  
2008
    182       77.1 %     737       5.7 %     77.8 %     79.2 %     733  
2009
    118       71.4 %     752       0.0 %     89.2 %     82.2 %     754  
2010
    212       85.0 %     748       0.0 %     89.1 %     97.2 %     749  
2011
    160       85.1 %     757       0.0 %     91.5 %     97.0 %     755  
 
Total
  $ 2,149       79.8 %     731       9.5 %     47.7 %     54.0 %     724  
 
Permanent Mortgage
The following table reflects accruing delinquency amounts for the credit card and other portfolio classes.
                 
    June 30, 2011  
(Dollars in millions)   Credit Card     Other  
 
Accruing delinquent balances:
               
30-89 days past due
  $ 1.4     $ 0.9  
90+ days past due
    1.1        
 
Total
  $ 2.5     $ 0.9  
 

Non-accrual and Past Due Loans. Loans are placed on non-accrual status if it becomes evident that full collection of principal and interest is at risk, impairment has been recognized as a partial charge-off of principal balance, or if the terms of a loan have been modified through troubled debt restructuring efforts. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, FHN applies the entire amount of any subsequent payments (including interest) to the outstanding principal balance.

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on June 30, 2011:
                                                                         
    Accruing     Non-Accruing        
(Dollars in thousands)   Current     30-89 Days Past Due     90 + Days Past Due     Total Accruing     Current     30-89 Days Past Due     90 + Days Past Due     Total Non-Accruing     Total Loans  
 
Commercial (C&I) :
                                                                       
General C&I
  $ 5,999,416     $ 36,859     $ 398     $ 6,036,673     $ 70,532     $ 8,229     $ 52,773     $ 131,534     $ 6,168,207  
Loans to mortgage companies
    581,871                   581,871                   656       656       582,527  
TRUPS (a)
    349,519                   349,519                   80,008       80,008       429,527  
 
Total commercial (C&I)
    6,930,806       36,859       398       6,968,063       70,532       8,229       133,437       212,198       7,180,261  
 
 
                                                                       
Commercial real estate:
                                                                       
Income CRE
    1,184,361       14,322       181       1,198,864       35,221       6,552       70,142       111,915       1,310,779  
Residential CRE
    103,254       9,392             112,646       30,430       1,105       38,676       70,211       182,857  
 
Total commercial real estate
    1,287,615       23,714       181       1,311,510       65,651       7,657       108,818       182,126       1,493,636  
 
 
                                                                       
Consumer real estate:
                                                                       
HELOC (b)
    3,794,849       41,577       25,909       3,862,335       13,332       1,550       7,542       22,424       3,884,759  
R/E installment loans
    2,099,708       22,627       10,656       2,132,991       10,429       1,168       3,054       14,651       2,147,642  
 
Total consumer real estate
    5,894,557       64,204       36,565       5,995,326       23,761       2,718       10,596       37,075       6,032,401  
 
 
                                                                       
Permanent mortgage (b)
    877,922       20,865       20,674       919,461       27,813       2,537       110,164       140,514       1,059,975  
 
 
                                                                       
Credit card & other
                                                                       
Credit card
    189,180       1,480       1,141       191,801                               191,801  
Other (c)
    93,173       908       10       94,091       6             9,475       9,481       103,572  
 
Total credit card & other
    282,353       2,388       1,151       285,892       6             9,475       9,481       295,373  
 
Total loans, net of unearned
  $ 15,273,253     $ 148,030     $ 58,969     $ 15,480,252     $ 187,763     $ 21,141     $ 372,490     $ 581,394     $ 16,061,646  
 
(a)   Includes LOCOM valuation allowance $35.6 million.
 
(b)   Includes restricted loans.
 
(c)   Includes OTC and non real estate installment loans.

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on June 30, 2010:

                                                                         
    Accruing     Non-Accruing        
(Dollars in thousands)   Current     30-89 Days Past Due     90 + Days Past Due     Total Accruing     Current     30-89 Days Past Due     90 + Days Past Due     Total Non-Accruing     Total Loans  
 
Commercial (C&I) :
                                                                       
General C&I
  $ 5,548,007     $ 69,396     $ 2,125     $ 5,619,528     $ 67,980     $ 19,035     $ 52,184     $ 139,199     $ 5,758,727  
Loans to mortgage companies
    813,457                   813,457                   2,083       2,083       815,540  
TRUPS (a)
    365,700                   365,700                   63,831       63,831       429,531  
 
Total commercial (C&I)
    6,727,164       69,396       2,125       6,798,685       67,980       19,035       118,098       205,113       7,003,798  
 
 
                                                                       
Commercial real estate:
                                                                       
Income CRE
    1,431,439       20,394       633       1,452,466       25,131       4,777       127,461       157,369       1,609,835  
Residential CRE
    210,329       4,239       5,633       220,201       32,340       659       143,734       176,733       396,934  
 
Total commercial real estate
    1,641,768       24,633       6,266       1,672,667       57,471       5,436       271,195       334,102       2,006,769  
 
 
                                                                       
Consumer real estate:
                                                                       
HELOC (b)
    4,188,397       65,836       33,548       4,287,781       5,509       1,279       5,360       12,148       4,299,929  
R/E installment loans
    2,336,231       39,585       19,405       2,395,221       5,556       958       4,186       10,700       2,405,921  
 
Total consumer real estate
    6,524,628       105,421       52,953       6,683,002       11,065       2,237       9,546       22,848       6,705,850  
 
 
                                                                       
Permanent mortgage (b)
    907,103       23,734       27,582       958,419       12,732       1,509       109,743       123,984       1,082,403  
 
 
                                                                       
Credit card & other
                                                                       
Credit card
    185,222       2,091       1,840       189,153                               189,153  
Other (c)
    111,867       651       98       112,616                   53,461       53,461       166,077  
 
Total credit card & other
    297,089       2,742       1,938       301,769                   53,461       53,461       355,230  
 
Total loans, net of unearned
  $ 16,097,752     $ 225,926     $ 90,864     $ 16,414,542     $ 149,248     $ 28,217     $ 562,043     $ 739,508     $ 17,154,050  
 
(a)   Includes LOCOM valuation allowance $35.6 million.
 
(b)   Includes restricted loans.
 
(c)   Includes OTC. All nonaccruing balances reflect OTC.
On June 30, 2011 and 2010, FHN had loans classified as troubled debt restructurings of $306.2 million and $142.4 million, respectively. Additionally, FHN had restructured $70.1 million and $34.7 million of loans held for sale as of June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. For restructured loans in the portfolio, FHN had loan loss reserves of $45.2 million, or 15 percent of the recorded investment amount, as of June 30, 2011. On June 30, 2011 and 2010, there were no significant outstanding commitments to advance additional funds to customers whose loans had been restructured.