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Allowance for Credit Losses
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable, Gross, Allowance, and Net [Abstract]  
Allowance for Credit Losses Allowance for Credit Losses
Management's estimate of expected credit losses in the loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, collectively referred to as the Allowance for Credit Losses, or the ACL. The ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the allowance for loan and lease losses and in other liabilities, respectively. Provisions for credit losses related to loans and leases and unfunded lending commitments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income as provision for credit losses.
The ACL is maintained at a level management believes to be appropriate to absorb expected lifetime credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded lending commitments. The determination of the ACL is based on periodic evaluation of the loan and lease portfolios and unfunded lending commitments considering a number of relevant underlying factors, including key assumptions and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information.
The expected loan losses are the product of multiplying FHN’s estimates of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), and individual loan level exposure at default (EAD), including amortization and prepayment assumptions, on an undiscounted basis. FHN uses models or assumptions to develop the expected loss forecasts, which incorporate multiple macroeconomic forecasts over a reasonable and supportable forecast period of at most four years. After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company immediately reverts to its historical loss averages, evaluated over the historical observation period, for the remaining estimated life of the loans. In order to capture the unique risks of the loan portfolio within the PD, LGD, and prepayment models, FHN segments the portfolio into pools, generally incorporating loan grades for commercial loans. As there can be no certainty that actual economic performance will precisely follow any specific macroeconomic forecast, FHN uses qualitative adjustments where current loan characteristics or current or forecasted economic conditions differ from historical periods.
The evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information is performed through assessments of groups of assets that share similar risk characteristics and certain individual loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collective group. As described in Note 3 - Loans and Leases, loans are grouped generally by product type and significant loan portfolios are assessed for credit losses using analytical or statistical models. The quantitative component utilizes economic forecast information as its foundation and is primarily based on analytical models that use known or estimated data as of the balance sheet date and forecasted data over the reasonable and supportable period. The ACL is also
affected by qualitative factors that FHN considers to reflect current judgment of various events and risks that are not measured in the quantitative calculations, including alternative economic forecasts.
In accordance with its accounting policy elections, FHN does not recognize a separate allowance for expected credit losses for AIR and records reversals of AIR as reductions of interest income. FHN reverses previously accrued but uncollected interest when an asset is placed on nonaccrual status. AIR and the related allowance for expected credit losses is included as a component of other assets. The total amount of interest reversals from loans placed on nonaccrual status and the amount of income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were not material.
Expected credit losses for unfunded commitments are estimated for periods where the commitment is not unconditionally cancellable. The measurement of expected credit losses for unfunded commitments mirrors that of loans and leases with the additional estimate of future draw rates (timing and amount).
The increase in the ACL balance as of September 30, 2024, as compared to December 31, 2023, largely reflects downgrades and an evolving macroeconomic outlook. In developing credit loss estimates for its loan and lease portfolios, FHN utilized two Moody’s forecast scenarios for its macroeconomic inputs. As of September 30, 2024, among other things, FHN's scenario selection process factored in the outlook for production, inflation, interest rates, employment, real estate prices and international conflict. FHN selected one scenario as its base case, which was the Moody's baseline scenario. The heaviest weight was placed on this scenario. A smaller weight was placed on the FHN-selected downside scenario which was the Moody's S3 alternative scenario. FHN's scenario selection process was consistent with the prior quarter.
Management also made qualitative adjustments to reflect estimated recoveries based on a review of prior charge-off and recovery levels, for default risk associated with large balances with individual borrowers, for estimated loss amounts not reflected in historical factors due to specific portfolio risk or identified model limitations, and for instances where limited data for acquired loans is considered to affect modeled results.
The following table provides a rollforward of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


ROLLFORWARD OF ALLL & RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
(Dollars in millions)Commercial, Financial, and Industrial (a)Commercial Real EstateConsumer Real EstateCredit Card and OtherTotal
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2024$344 $221 $231 $25 $821 
Charge-offs(12)(15)(1)(5)(33)
Recoveries4 1 3 1 9 
Provision for loan and lease losses 16 11 (3)2 26 
Balance as of September 30, 2024$352 $218 $230 $23 $823 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of July 1, 2024$44 $10 $12 $— $66 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments 11 (2)— — 9 
Balance as of September 30, 202455 8 12 — 75 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024$407 $226 $242 $23 $898 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2023$326 $159 $221 $31 $737 
Charge-offs (b)(91)(5)(1)(7)(104)
Recoveries 5 1 2 1 9 
Provision for loan and lease losses 95 14 6 3 118 
Balance as of September 30, 2023$335 $169 $228 $28 $760 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of July 1, 2023$55 $24 $11 $— $90 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments (6)(3)1 — (8)
Balance as of September 30, 202349 21 12 — 82 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023$384 $190 $240 $28 $842 
(Dollars in millions)Commercial, Financial, and Industrial (a)Commercial Real EstateConsumer Real EstateCredit Card and OtherTotal
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2024$339 $172 $233 $29 $773 
Charge-offs(64)(47)(2)(15)(128)
Recoveries19 1 6 4 30 
Provision for loan and lease losses58 92 (7)5 148 
Balance as of September 30, 2024$352 $218 $230 $23 $823 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of January 1, 2024$49 $22 $12 $— $83 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments 6 (14)— — (8)
Balance as of September 30, 202455 8 12 — 75 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024$407 $226 $242 $23 $898 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2023$308 $146 $200 $31 $685 
Adoption of ASU 2022-021 — (7)— (6)
Charge-offs (b)(124)(15)(3)(17)(159)
Recoveries 12 2 7 4 25 
Provision for loan and lease losses 138 36 31 10 215 
Balance as of September 30, 2023$335 $169 $228 $28 $760 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of January 1, 2023$55 $22 $10 $— $87 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments(6)(1)2 — (5)
Balance as of September 30, 202349 21 12 — 82 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023$384 $190 $240 $28 $842 
(a) C&I loans as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 include $15 million and $35 million in PPP loans, respectively, which due to the government guarantee and forgiveness provisions are considered to have no credit risk and therefore have no allowance for loan and lease losses.
(b) Charge-offs in the C&I portfolio in 2023 include $72 million from a single credit from a company in bankruptcy.

The following table presents gross charge-offs by year of origination for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
 GROSS CHARGE-OFFS
(Dollars in millions)20242023202220212020Prior to 2020Revolving LoansTotal
C&I$— $13 $13 $23 $1 $11 $3 $64 
CRE— — 1 — 16 30 — 47 
Consumer Real Estate— 1 — — — 1 — 2 
Credit Card and Other6 1 1 — — 1 6 15 
Total$6 $15 $15 $23 $17 $43 $9 $128 
20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving LoansTotal
C&I (a)$74 $13 $6 $4 $9 $13 $5 $124 
CRE— — — — 2 13 — 15 
Consumer Real Estate— — — 1 — 2 — 3 
Credit Card and Other9 — 1 — — 2 5 17 
Total$83 $13 $7 $5 $11 $30 $10 $159 
(a) Includes $72 million from a single credit from a company in bankruptcy.