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Allowance for Credit Losses
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable, Gross, Allowance, and Net [Abstract]  
Allowance for Credit Losses Allowance for Credit Losses
Management's estimate of expected credit losses in the loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, collectively the ACL. The ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the allowance for loan and lease losses and in other liabilities, respectively. Provision for credit losses related to the loans and leases portfolio and the unfunded lending commitments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income as provision for credit losses.
The ACL is maintained at a level management believes to be appropriate to absorb expected lifetime credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded lending commitments. The determination of the ACL is based on periodic evaluation of the loan and lease portfolios and unfunded lending commitments considering a number of relevant underlying factors, including key assumptions and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information.
The expected loan losses are the product of multiplying FHN’s estimates of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), and individual loan level exposure as default (EAD), including amortization and prepayment assumptions, on an undiscounted basis. FHN uses models or assumptions to develop the expected loss forecasts, which incorporate multiple macroeconomic forecasts over a four year reasonable and supportable forecast period. After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company immediately reverts to its historical loss averages, evaluated over the historical observation period, for the remaining estimated life of the loans. In order to capture the unique risks of the loan portfolio within the PD, LGD, and prepayment models, FHN segments the portfolio into pools, generally incorporating loan grades for commercial loans. As there can be no certainty that actual economic performance will precisely follow any specific macroeconomic forecast, FHN uses qualitative adjustments to adjust historical loss information in situations where current loan characteristics differ from those in the historical loss information and for differences in economic conditions and other factors.
The evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information is performed through assessments of groups of assets that share similar risk characteristics and certain individual loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collective group. As described in Note 3 - Loans and Leases, loans are grouped generally by product type and significant loan portfolios are assessed for credit losses using analytical or statistical models. The quantitative evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL utilizes a weighting approach for multiple economic forecast scenarios as its foundation, and is primarily based on analytical models that use known or estimated data as of
the balance sheet date and forecasted data over the reasonable and supportable period. The ACL may also be affected by a variety of qualitative factors that FHN considers to reflect current judgment of various events and risks that are not measured in the quantitative calculations.
In accordance with its accounting policy elections, FHN does not recognize a separate allowance for expected credit losses for AIR and records reversals of AIR as reductions of interest income. FHN reverses previously accrued but uncollected interest when an asset is placed on nonaccrual status. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, FHN recognized less than $1 million in allowance for expected credit losses on COVID-19 deferrals that do not qualify for the election which is not reflected in the table below. AIR and the related allowance for expected credit losses is included as a component of other assets. The total amount of interest reversals from loans placed on nonaccrual status and the amount of income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were not material.
Expected credit losses for unfunded commitments are estimated for periods where the commitment is not unconditionally cancellable. The measurement of expected credit losses for unfunded commitments mirrors that of loans and leases with the additional estimate of future draw rates (timing and amount).
The decrease in the ACL as of March 31, 2022 as compared to December 31, 2021 reflects the continued decrease in the unfavorable impact of COVID-19 on the macroeconomic forecast.
In developing credit loss estimates for its loan and lease portfolios, FHN utilized multiple Moody’s forecast scenarios for its macroeconomic inputs. FHN's scenario selection process gave consideration to key economic drivers such as the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, supply chain distribution, the Russia/Ukraine conflict, and labor markets. FHN selected one scenario as its base case, which was a below-trend long term growth scenario. The heaviest weight was placed on the base case forecast, which assumed positive real GDP growth over the forecast horizon.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, FHN considered the effects of inflation, supply chain disruptions, a tight labor market, and the Russia/Ukraine conflict. During the year ended December 31, 2021, FHN considered stressed loan portfolios or industries that are most exposed to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and added qualitative adjustments, where needed, to account for the risks not captured in modeled results. Management also made qualitative adjustments to reflect estimated recoveries based on a review of prior charge off
and recovery levels, for default risk associated with large balances with individual borrowers, for estimated loss amounts not reflected in historical factors due to specific portfolio risk, and for instances where limited data for acquired loans is considered to affect modeled results.The
following table provides a rollforward of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio type for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
ROLLFORWARD OF ALLL & RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
(Dollars in millions)Commercial, Financial, and Industrial (a)Commercial Real EstateConsumer Real EstateCredit Card and OtherTotal
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022$334 $154 $163 $19 $670 
Charge-offs(13)— (1)(5)(19)
Recoveries3 — 5 1 9 
Provision for loan and lease losses(37)(3)(3)5 (38)
Balance as of March 31, 2022$287 $151 $164 $20 $622 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of January 1, 2022$46 $12 $8 $— $66 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments (3)— 1 — (2)
Balance as of March 31, 2022$43 $12 $9 $— $64 
Allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2022$330 $163 $173 $20 $686 
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2021$453 $242 $242 $26 $963 
Charge-offs(16)(3)(1)(3)(23)
Recoveries 6 2 6 1 15 
Provision for loan and lease losses (1)(9)(25)(6)(41)
Balance as of March 31, 2021$442 $232 $222 $18 $914 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of January 1, 2021$65 $10 $10 $— $85 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments(3)1 (2)— (4)
Balance as of March 31, 202162 11 8 — 81 
Allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2021$504 $243 $230 $18 $995 
(a) C&I loans as of March 31, 2022 and 2021 include $642 million and $5.1 billion in PPP loans, respectively, which due to the government guarantee and forgiveness provisions are considered to have no credit risk and therefore have no allowance for loan and lease losses.