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Loans
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Loans
The following table provides the balance (amortized cost basis) of loans, net of unearned income, by portfolio segment as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 
 
June 30
 
December 31
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
 
2019
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
Commercial, financial, and industrial
 
$
21,393,893

 
$
20,051,091

Commercial real estate
 
4,813,341

 
4,337,017

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
Consumer real estate (a)
 
6,052,393

 
6,177,139

Credit card & other
 
449,310

 
495,864

Loans, net of unearned income
 
$
32,708,937

 
$
31,061,111

Allowance for loan losses
 
537,881

 
200,307

Total net loans
 
$
32,171,056

 
$
30,860,804


(a)
In first quarter 2020, the Permanent Mortgage portfolio was combined into Consumer Real Estate portfolio; all prior periods were revised for comparability.

COMPONENTS OF THE LOAN PORTFOLIO
The loan portfolio is disaggregated into segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute (i.e., amortized cost or purchased credit-impaired), risk characteristics of the loan, and FHN’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Commercial loan portfolio segments include commercial, financial and industrial (“C&I”) and commercial real estate ("CRE"). Commercial classes within C&I include general C&I, loans to mortgage companies ("LMC"), the trust preferred loans (“TRUPS”) (i.e. long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance-related businesses) portfolio and purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans (for periods prior to 2020). Loans to mortgage companies include commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Commercial classes within CRE include income CRE, residential CRE and PCI loans (for periods prior to 2020). Consumer loan portfolio segments include consumer real estate, and the credit card and other portfolio. Consumer classes include home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”), real estate (“R/E”) installment and PCI loans (for periods prior to 2020) within the consumer real estate segment and credit card and other.
Credit Risk Characteristics Inherent in the Loan Portfolio
Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a borrower’s or counterparty’s ability to meet its financial obligations under agreed upon terms. FHN is subject to credit risk in lending, trading, investing, liquidity/funding, and asset management activities although lending activities have the most exposure to credit risk. The nature and amount of credit risk depends on the types of transaction, the structure of those transactions, collateral received, the use of guarantors and the parties involved.
FHN assesses and manages credit risk through a series of policies, processes, measurement systems, and controls. FHN’s credit risk function ensures subject matter experts are providing oversight, support and credit approvals, particularly in the specialty lending areas where industry-specific knowledge is required. Management emphasizes general portfolio servicing such that emerging risks are able to be identified early enough to correct potential deficiencies, prevent further credit deterioration, and mitigate credit losses.
Commercial Loans
The C&I portfolio is comprised of loans used for general business purposes. Typical products including working capital lines of credit, term loan financing of owner-occupied real estate and fixed assets, and trade credit enhancement through letters of credit. FHN utilizes deal teams comprised of relationship managers (RMs), portfolio managers (PMs), credit analysts and other specialists to identify, mitigate, document, and manage ongoing risk. Their function includes enhanced analytical support during loan origination and servicing, monitoring the financial condition of the borrower, and tracking compliance with loan agreements. FHN strives to identify problem assets early through comprehensive policies and guidelines, targeted portfolio reviews, more frequent servicing on lower rated borrowers, and an emphasis on frequent grading.
To the extent a guarantor/sponsor is used to support a commercial lending decision, FHN analyzes capability to pay, factoring in, among other things, liquidity and direct/indirect cash flows. A strong, legally enforceable guaranty can mitigate the risk of default or loss, justify a less severe rating, and consequently reduce the level of allowance or charge-off that might otherwise be deemed appropriate.
Loans to mortgage companies include commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Approximately 95 percent of the loans to mortgage companies are collateralized with government guaranteed loans. The loans are of short duration with maturities less than one year.
TRUPS loans are long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance-related businesses. TRUPS lending was originally extended as a form of “bridge” financing to participants in the pooled trust preferred securitization program offered primarily to smaller banking (generally less than $15 billion in total assets) and insurance institutions through FHN’s fixed income business. Origination of TRUPS lending ceased in early 2008. Individual TRUPS are regraded at least quarterly as part of FHN’s commercial loan review process.
Commercial Real Estate loans include financings for commercial construction and nonconstruction loans. The income-producing CRE class contains loans and draws on lines and letters of credit to commercial real estate developers for the construction and mini-permanent financing of income-producing real estate. The residential CRE class includes loans to residential builders and developers for the purpose of constructing single-family homes, condominiums, and town homes and on a limited basis, for developing residential subdivisions. Active residential CRE lending is primarily focused in certain core markets with nearly all new originations made to “strategic” clients. FHN considers a “strategic” residential CRE borrower as a homebuilder who demonstrates the
ability to withstand cyclical downturns, maintains active development and investment activities providing for regular financing opportunities, and is fundamentally sound as evidenced by a prudent loan structure, appropriate covenants and recourse, and capable and willing sponsors in markets with positive homebuilding and economic dynamics. The credit administration and ongoing monitoring of these portfolios consists of multiple internal control processes including stressing a borrower’s or project’s financial capacity utilizing numerous attributes such as interest rates, vacancy, and discount rates. Key information captured from the various portfolios is aggregated and utilized to assist with the assessment and adequacy of the ALLL and to steer portfolio management strategies.
Paycheck Protection Program Loans
Included in commercial loans are $2.1 billion of C&I loans made under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP Loans") of the Small Business Administration ("SBA"). PPP Loans have been extended to businesses in response to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. PPP Loans are fully government guaranteed with the SBA making prepayments through a provision whereby partial or complete forgiveness is granted based on the nature and extent of each borrower's expenditures in relation to program requirements for payroll-related and other types of expenses. PPP Loans have maximum terms ranging from two to five years, with SBA prepayments expected to occur in the latter half of 2020 and the first half of 2021. Amounts not forgiven by the SBA will amortize over the applicable remaining loan term. Due to the government guarantee and forgiveness provisions, PPP Loans are considered to have no credit risk and receive no risk weighting for capital calculations.
Consumer Loans
The consumer real estate portfolio is primarily comprised of home equity lines and installment loans within FHN’s regional banking segment and jumbo mortgages and one-time-close (“OTC”) completed construction loans in FHN’s non-strategic segment that were originated through pre-2009 mortgage businesses. The corporate segment also includes loans that were previously included in off-balance sheet proprietary securitization trusts that were brought back into the loan portfolios at fair value through the execution of cleanup calls due to the relatively small balances left in the securitization and should continue to run-off. Generally performance of this portfolio is affected by life events that affect borrowers’ finances, the level of unemployment, and home prices. FHN obtains first lien performance information from third parties and through loss mitigation activities.
FHN performs continuous HELOC account review processes in order to identify higher-risk home equity lines and initiate preventative and corrective actions. The reviews consider a number of account activity patterns and characteristics such as the number of times delinquent
within recent periods, changes in credit bureaus score since origination, scored degradation, performance of the first lien, and account utilization. In accordance with FHN’s interpretation of regulatory guidance, FHN may block future draws on accounts in order to mitigate risk of loss to FHN.
The credit card and other portfolio is primarily comprised of automobile loans, credit card receivables, and other consumer-related credits.
As discussed in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the ALLL estimation process was revised on January 1, 2020 to reflect the adoption of ASU 2016-13.  All information contained in the following disclosures reflects the application of requirements from the adoption of ASU 2016-13 for periods after 2019.  Information for periods prior to 2020 has been retained with the content consistent with prior disclosures.
Concentrations
FHN has a concentration of residential real estate loans (19 percent of total loans). Loans to finance and insurance companies total $2.5 billion (12 percent of the C&I portfolio, or 8 percent of the total loans). FHN had loans to mortgage companies totaling $4.0 billion (19 percent of the C&I segment, or 12 percent of total loans) as of June 30, 2020. As a result, 31 percent of the C&I segment is sensitive to impacts on the financial services industry.
Asset Quality Indicators
FHN employs a dual grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for the probability of default (“PD”) and the loss given default (“LGD”) for each commercial loan using factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the migration of loans between grading categories. PD grades assigned through FHN’s risk rating process are used as a loan level input to inform probability of default forecasts under certain macroeconomic scenarios. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage; a PD 1 has the lowest expected default probability, and probabilities increase as grades progress down the scale. PD 1 through PD 12 are “pass” grades. PD grades 13-16 correspond to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16).
Pass loan grades are required to be reassessed annually or earlier whenever there has been a material change in the financial condition of the borrower or risk characteristics of the relationship. All commercial loans over $1 million and certain commercial loans over $500,000 that are graded 13 or worse are reassessed on a quarterly basis. Loan grading discipline is regularly reviewed internally by Credit Assurance Services to determine if the process continues to result in accurate loan grading across the portfolio. FHN may utilize availability of guarantors/sponsors to support lending decisions during the credit underwriting process and when determining the assignment of internal loan grades. LGD grades are assigned based on a scale of 1-12 and represent FHN’s expected recovery based on collateral type in the event a loan defaults. See Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses for further discussion on the credit grading system.










The following tables provide the amortized cost basis of the commercial loan portfolio by year of origination and credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2020:

 
 
C&I
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
prior to 2016 (a)
 
LMC (b)
 
Revolving
Loans
 
Revolving
Loans converted
to term loans (c)
 
Total
PD Grade:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (d)
 
$
2,078,712

 
$
99,978

 
$
121,167

 
$
75,521

 
$
106,700

 
$
108,574

 
$

 
$
83,309

 
$
56

 
$
2,674,017

2
 
56,810

 
223,191

 
100,816

 
79,318

 
168,838

 
90,484

 

 
95,035

 
126

 
814,618

3
 
42,983

 
153,671

 
49,176

 
89,945

 
30,381

 
97,338

 
741,382

 
125,470

 
3,490

 
1,333,836

4
 
261,626

 
335,130

 
145,047

 
122,185

 
129,859

 
142,129

 
685,876

 
259,379

 
10,653

 
2,091,884

5
 
304,710

 
496,565

 
220,632

 
145,650

 
96,325

 
163,676

 
700,944

 
384,874

 
12,654

 
2,526,030

6
 
360,649

 
714,704

 
246,607

 
195,634

 
53,597

 
155,755

 
1,198,775

 
667,570

 
558

 
3,593,849

7
 
309,088

 
723,728

 
339,953

 
145,385

 
100,069

 
171,016

 
552,192

 
598,772

 
48,291

 
2,988,494

8
 
343,391

 
593,106

 
194,030

 
175,289

 
36,044

 
96,204

 
93,900

 
379,261

 
7,110

 
1,918,335

9
 
171,524

 
293,768

 
89,519

 
66,927

 
65,539

 
75,753

 
25,198

 
283,883

 
10,670

 
1,082,781

10
 
96,735

 
171,901

 
85,644

 
60,721

 
50,429

 
54,729

 
15,325

 
227,301

 
5,082

 
767,867

11
 
53,872

 
82,677

 
74,977

 
58,964

 
70,190

 
38,059

 

 
148,656

 
3,233

 
530,628

12
 
51,861

 
33,083

 
52,013

 
47,162

 
20,214

 
29,674

 
6,999

 
95,943

 
477

 
337,426

13
 
39,047

 
57,585

 
10,231

 
15,916

 
51,816

 
45,984

 

 
114,971

 
498

 
336,048

14,15,16
 
10,898

 
23,808

 
39,008

 
29,306

 
40,627

 
13,194

 

 
98,165

 
2,548

 
257,554

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
4,181,906

 
4,002,895

 
1,768,820

 
1,307,923

 
1,020,628

 
1,282,569

 
4,020,591

 
3,562,589

 
105,446

 
21,253,367

Individually evaluated for impairment
 
21,146

 
6,613

 
12,454

 
21,995

 
1,909

 
22,114

 

 
50,319

 
3,976

 
140,526

Total C&I loans
 
$
4,203,052

 
$
4,009,508

 
$
1,781,274

 
$
1,329,918

 
$
1,022,537

 
$
1,304,683

 
$
4,020,591

 
$
3,612,908

 
$
109,422

 
$
21,393,893

(a)
TRUPS loans were originated prior to 2016. Total balance of TRUPS as of June 30, 2020 is $209.2 million, with $3.3 million in PD 3, $60.9 million in PD 4, $47.9 million in PD 5, $38.6 million in PD 6, $13.4 million in PD 7, $20.7 million in PD 9, $18.6 million in PD 10, and $5.8 million in PD 13.
(b)
LMC includes non-revolving commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower's sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. The loans are of short duration with maturities less than one year.
(c)
$22.7 million of C&I loans were converted from revolving to term in 2020.
(d)
2020 balance includes PPP loans.
 
 
Income CRE
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
prior to 2016
 
Revolving
Loans
 
Revolving
Loans converted
to term loans
 
Total
PD Grade:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
$
21,886

 
$

 
$
392

 
$
106

 
$
158

 
$
1,190

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,732

2
 
7,798

 
30,919

 
405

 
216

 
617

 
3,145

 

 

 
43,100

3
 
97,338

 
212,413

 
75,483

 
34,863

 
42,468

 
25,511

 
78,004

 
181

 
566,261

4
 
90,915

 
292,657

 
100,058

 
130,549

 
94,836

 
45,975

 
839

 
238

 
756,067

5
 
320,904

 
279,229

 
138,520

 
152,573

 
112,018

 
45,048

 
37,306

 
6,224

 
1,091,822

6
 
264,892

 
215,714

 
125,075

 
107,697

 
33,716

 
119,742

 
37,800

 
7,930

 
912,566

7
 
164,896

 
293,784

 
121,601

 
64,796

 
20,076

 
24,648

 
40,187

 
1,224

 
731,212

8
 
23,028

 
93,700

 
55,579

 
11,850

 
28,382

 
50,403

 
6,845

 
128

 
269,915

9
 
35,357

 
36,942

 
25,157

 
22,936

 
2,219

 
19,126

 
280

 

 
142,017

10
 
23,623

 
8,323

 
7,323

 
2,803

 
9,125

 
17,320

 

 

 
68,517

11
 
6,936

 
21,414

 
6,890

 
7,347

 
3,862

 
19,638

 

 
1,330

 
67,417

12
 
2,962

 
14,437

 
2,383

 
905

 
652

 
13,476

 
64

 
228

 
35,107

13
 
525

 
455

 
771

 
16,185

 

 
570

 
328

 

 
18,834

14,15,16
 
515

 
10,808

 
45

 
19,065

 
128

 
3,882

 
7,553

 

 
41,996

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
1,061,575

 
1,510,795

 
659,682

 
571,891

 
348,257

 
389,674

 
209,206

 
17,483

 
4,768,563

Individually evaluated for impairment
 

 

 

 

 

 
160

 

 

 
160

Total CRE-IP
 
$
1,061,575

 
$
1,510,795

 
$
659,682

 
$
571,891

 
$
348,257

 
$
389,834

 
$
209,206

 
$
17,483

 
$
4,768,723


 
 
Residential CRE
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
prior to 2016
 
Revolving
Loans
 
Revolving
Loans converted
to term loans
 
Total
PD Grade:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
20

 
$

 
$

 
$
20

2
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3
 

 
151

 
268

 
482

 

 
95

 

 

 
996

4
 

 
722

 

 

 

 
106

 

 

 
828

5
 
93

 

 

 

 
76

 
12

 

 

 
181

6
 
14,512

 
106

 
43

 
333

 
30

 
234

 

 

 
15,258

7
 
348

 
470

 
2,904

 
1,776

 

 
241

 
13

 

 
5,752

8
 
467

 
24

 
443

 

 
6

 
89

 
100

 

 
1,129

9
 
325

 
520

 
262

 

 
490

 
76

 

 

 
1,673

10
 
179

 
960

 
277

 

 

 
6

 

 

 
1,422

11
 
4,093

 
8,660

 
218

 
156

 

 
50

 

 

 
13,177

12
 
154

 
1,530

 
44

 

 

 
538

 

 

 
2,266

13
 
1,310

 

 

 

 

 
132

 

 

 
1,442

14,15,16
 
171

 
264

 

 

 

 
39

 

 

 
474

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
21,652

 
13,407

 
4,459

 
2,747

 
602

 
1,638

 
113

 

 
44,618

Individually evaluated for impairment
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total CRE-RES
 
$
21,652

 
$
13,407

 
$
4,459

 
$
2,747

 
$
602

 
$
1,638

 
$
113

 
$

 
$
44,618


The following table provides the balances of commercial loan portfolio classes with associated allowance, disaggregated by PD grade as of December 31, 2019.

 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
General
C&I
 
Loans to
Mortgage
Companies
 
TRUPS (a)
 
Income
CRE
 
Residential
CRE
 
Total
 
Percentage
of Total
 
Allowance
for Loan
Losses
PD Grade:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
$
696,040

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,848

 
$

 
$
697,888

 
3
%
 
$
69

2
 
767,048

 

 

 
48,906

 
38

 
815,992

 
4

 
165

3
 
743,123

 
877,210

 
3,314

 
474,067

 
806

 
2,098,520

 
9

 
274

4
 
1,237,772

 
692,971

 
46,375

 
680,223

 
477

 
2,657,818

 
11

 
738

5
 
1,986,761

 
670,402

 
72,512

 
993,628

 
1,700

 
3,725,003

 
15

 
8,265

6
 
2,511,290

 
1,410,387

 
27,263

 
717,062

 
17,027

 
4,683,029

 
19

 
12,054

7
 
2,708,707

 
509,616

 
18,378

 
641,345

 
30,925

 
3,908,971

 
16

 
20,409

8
 
1,743,364

 
136,771

 

 
269,407

 
16,699

 
2,166,241

 
9

 
22,514

9
 
1,101,873

 
77,139

 
31,909

 
169,586

 
13,007

 
1,393,514

 
6

 
17,484

10
 
563,635

 
21,229

 
18,536

 
59,592

 
2,153

 
665,145

 
3

 
10,197

11
 
495,140

 

 

 
81,682

 
2,302

 
579,124

 
2

 
13,454

12
 
262,906

 
15,158

 

 
28,807

 
1,074

 
307,945

 
1

 
8,471

13
 
232,823

 

 

 
32,966

 
1,126

 
266,915

 
1

 
8,142

14,15,16
 
263,076

 

 

 
43,400

 
626

 
307,102

 
1

 
29,318

Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
15,313,558

 
4,410,883

 
218,287

 
4,242,519

 
87,960

 
24,273,207

 
100

 
151,554

Individually evaluated for impairment
 
82,438

 

 

 
1,563

 

 
84,001

 

 
6,196

Purchased credit-impaired loans
 
25,925

 

 

 
4,155

 
820

 
30,900

 

 
848

Total commercial loans
 
$
15,421,921

 
$
4,410,883

 
$
218,287

 
$
4,248,237

 
$
88,780

 
$
24,388,108

 
100
%
 
$
158,598

(a) Balances presented net of a $19.1 million valuation allowance.


The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller-balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of consumer loan-types, FHN is able to utilize the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score, among other attributes, to assess the credit quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis in an attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are indicators of asset quality within the credit card and other consumer portfolio.
The following table reflects the amortized cost basis by year of origination and refreshed FICO scores for consumer real estate as of June 30, 2020. Within consumer real estate, classes include home equity line of credit ("HELOC") and real estate installment. HELOCs are loans which during their draw period are classified as revolving loans. Once the draw period ends and the loan enters its repayment period, the loan converts to a term loan and is classified as revolving loans converted to term loans. All loans classified in the following table as revolving loans or revolving loans converted to term loans are HELOCs. Real estate installment loans are originated as a fixed term loan and are classified below in their vintage year from prior to 2016 to 2020. All loans in the following table classified in a vintage year are real estate installment loans.
 
 
Consumer Real Estate
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Prior to 2016
 
Revolving
Loans
 
Revolving
Loans converted
to term loans (a)
 
Total
FICO score 740 or greater
 
$
394,137

 
$
576,132

 
$
410,188

 
$
420,822

 
$
527,019

 
$
1,255,357

 
$
626,844

 
$
135,436

 
$
4,345,935

FICO score 720-739
 
43,808

 
67,904

 
26,383

 
37,259

 
48,677

 
132,407

 
76,045

 
28,913

 
461,396

FICO score 700-719
 
31,459

 
66,155

 
28,201

 
26,164

 
45,038

 
110,244

 
54,941

 
29,613

 
391,815

FICO score 660-699
 
41,314

 
51,096

 
33,382

 
32,745

 
36,625

 
153,335

 
76,593

 
44,067

 
469,157

FICO score 620-659
 
12,524

 
17,140

 
10,922

 
12,789

 
13,178

 
70,067

 
24,185

 
29,940

 
190,745

FICO score less than 620
 
2,180

 
11,168

 
5,832

 
9,227

 
14,456

 
79,599

 
25,526

 
45,357

 
193,345

Total
 
$
525,422

 
$
789,595

 
$
514,908

 
$
539,006

 
$
684,993

 
$
1,801,009

 
$
884,134

 
$
313,326

 
$
6,052,393

(a) $10.8 million of HELOC loans were converted from revolving to term in 2020.

The following table reflects the amortized cost basis by year of origination and refreshed FICO scores for other consumer loans as of June 30, 2020.
 
 
Other Consumer
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Prior to 2016
 
Revolving
Loans
 
Revolving
Loans converted
to term loans (a)
 
Total
FICO score 740 or greater
 
$
16,160

 
$
36,450

 
$
21,476

 
$
10,499

 
$
3,988

 
$
14,774

 
$
173,832

 
$
4,401

 
$
281,580

FICO score 720-739
 
3,238

 
5,226

 
2,784

 
1,615

 
747

 
1,844

 
27,603

 
1,319

 
44,376

FICO score 700-719
 
2,168

 
4,246

 
2,542

 
1,521

 
706

 
1,980

 
19,983

 
1,052

 
34,198

FICO score 660-699
 
3,654

 
6,546

 
3,149

 
2,172

 
1,423

 
2,737

 
27,534

 
1,581

 
48,796

FICO score 620-659
 
1,269

 
2,386

 
1,576

 
891

 
836

 
1,813

 
10,759

 
963

 
20,493

FICO score less than 620
 
333

 
1,059

 
1,044

 
522

 
2,311

 
3,167

 
10,037

 
1,394

 
19,867

Total
 
$
26,822

 
$
55,913

 
$
32,571

 
$
17,220

 
$
10,011

 
$
26,315

 
$
269,748

 
$
10,710

 
$
449,310

(a) $3.9 million of other consumer loans were converted from revolving to term in 2020.

The following table reflects the percentage of balances outstanding by average, refreshed FICO scores for the HELOC and real estate installment classes of loans as of December 31, 2019.
 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
HELOC
 
R/E Installment Loans (b)
FICO score 740 or greater
 
62.0
%
 
71.9
%
FICO score 720-739
 
8.6

 
8.3

FICO score 700-719
 
7.6

 
6.3

FICO score 660-699
 
10.8

 
8.1

FICO score 620-659
 
4.7

 
2.8

FICO score less than 620 (a)
 
6.3

 
2.6

Total
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
(a)
For this group, a majority of the loan balances had FICO scores at the time of the origination that exceeded 620 but have since deteriorated as the loans have seasoned.
(b)
In first quarter 2020, the Permanent Mortgage portfolio was combined into Consumer Real Estate portfolio, all prior periods were revised for comparability.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Nonperforming loans are loans placed on nonaccrual if it becomes evident that full collection of principal and interest is at risk, impairment has been recognized as a partial charge-off of principal balance due to insufficient collateral value and past due status, or on a case-by-case basis if FHN continues to receive payments but there are other borrower-specific issues. Included in nonaccruals are loans that FHN
continues to receive payments including residential real estate loans where the borrower has been discharged of personal obligation through bankruptcy, and second liens, regardless of delinquency status, behind first liens that are 90 or more days past due, are bankruptcies, or are TDRs. Past due loans are loans contractually past due as to interest or principal payments, but which have not yet been put on nonaccrual status.
The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on June 30, 2020:
 
 
Accruing
 
Non-Accruing
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Current
 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90+
Days
Past Due
 
Total
Accruing
 
Current
 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90+
Days
Past Due
 
Total
Non-
Accruing
 
Total
Loans
Commercial (C&I):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I (a)
 
$
17,031,822

 
$
4,671

 
$
287

 
$
17,036,780

 
$
79,022

 
$
254

 
$
48,069

 
$
127,345

 
$
17,164,125

Loans to mortgage companies
 
4,019,766

 
825

 

 
4,020,591

 

 

 

 

 
4,020,591

TRUPS (b)
 
209,177

 

 

 
209,177

 

 

 

 

 
209,177

Total commercial (C&I)
 
21,260,765

 
5,496

 
287

 
21,266,548

 
79,022

 
254

 
48,069

 
127,345

 
21,393,893

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income CRE
 
4,766,561

 
95

 

 
4,766,656

 
797

 

 
1,270

 
2,067

 
4,768,723

Residential CRE
 
44,618

 

 

 
44,618

 

 

 

 

 
44,618

Total commercial real estate
 
4,811,179

 
95

 

 
4,811,274

 
797

 

 
1,270

 
2,067

 
4,813,341

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
1,136,288

 
5,736

 
6,800

 
1,148,824

 
41,608

 
1,720

 
5,308

 
48,636

 
1,197,460

R/E installment loans
 
4,787,467

 
13,778

 
6,000

 
4,807,245

 
31,786

 
2,077

 
13,825

 
47,688

 
4,854,933

Total consumer real estate
 
5,923,755

 
19,514

 
12,800

 
5,956,069

 
73,394

 
3,797

 
19,133

 
96,324

 
6,052,393

Credit card & other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
164,527

 
1,520

 
1,297

 
167,344

 

 

 

 

 
167,344

Other
 
281,066

 
531

 
114

 
281,711

 
86

 
77

 
92

 
255

 
281,966

Total credit card & other
 
445,593

 
2,051

 
1,411

 
449,055

 
86

 
77

 
92

 
255

 
449,310

Total loans, net of unearned income
 
$
32,441,292

 
$
27,156

 
$
14,498

 
$
32,482,946

 
$
153,299

 
$
4,128

 
$
68,564

 
$
225,991

 
$
32,708,937


(a) $65.3 million of general C&I loans are nonaccrual loans with no related allowance.
(b) TRUPS is presented net of an amortizing discount of $18.4 million.
The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on December 31, 2019:
 
 
Accruing
 
Non-Accruing
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Current
 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90+
Days
Past Due
 
Total
Accruing
 
Current
 
30-89
Days
Past Due
 
90+
Days
Past Due
 
Total
Non-
Accruing
 
Total
Loans
Commercial (C&I):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 
$
15,314,292

 
$
7,155

 
$
237

 
$
15,321,684

 
$
36,564

 
$
14,385

 
$
23,363

 
$
74,312

 
$
15,395,996

Loans to mortgage companies
 
4,410,883

 

 

 
4,410,883

 

 

 

 

 
4,410,883

TRUPS (a)
 
218,287

 

 

 
218,287

 

 

 

 

 
218,287

Purchased credit-impaired loans
 
23,840

 
287

 
1,798

 
25,925

 

 

 

 

 
25,925

Total commercial (C&I)
 
19,967,302

 
7,442

 
2,035

 
19,976,779

 
36,564

 
14,385

 
23,363

 
74,312

 
20,051,091

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income CRE
 
4,242,044

 
679

 

 
4,242,723

 

 
19

 
1,340

 
1,359

 
4,244,082

Residential CRE
 
87,487

 
7

 

 
87,494

 

 
466

 

 
466

 
87,960

Purchased credit-impaired loans
 
4,752

 
128

 
95

 
4,975

 

 

 

 

 
4,975

Total commercial real estate
 
4,334,283

 
814

 
95

 
4,335,192

 

 
485

 
1,340

 
1,825

 
4,337,017

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
1,217,344

 
9,156

 
5,669

 
1,232,169

 
43,007

 
4,227

 
7,472

 
54,706

 
1,286,875

R/E installment loans (b)
 
4,812,446

 
12,894

 
9,170

 
4,834,510

 
20,710

 
1,076

 
9,202

 
30,988

 
4,865,498

Purchased credit-impaired loans
 
18,720

 
2,770

 
3,276

 
24,766

 

 

 

 

 
24,766

Total consumer real estate
 
6,048,510

 
24,820

 
18,115

 
6,091,445

 
63,717

 
5,303

 
16,674

 
85,694

 
6,177,139

Credit card & other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
198,917

 
1,076

 
1,178

 
201,171

 

 

 

 

 
201,171

Other
 
291,700

 
1,802

 
337

 
293,839

 
101

 
44

 
189

 
334

 
294,173

Purchased credit-impaired loans
 
323

 
98

 
99

 
520

 

 

 

 

 
520

Total credit card & other
 
490,940

 
2,976

 
1,614

 
495,530

 
101

 
44

 
189

 
334

 
495,864

Total loans, net of unearned income
 
$
30,841,035

 
$
36,052

 
$
21,859

 
$
30,898,946

 
$
100,382

 
$
20,217

 
$
41,566

 
$
162,165

 
$
31,061,111

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.
(a)
TRUPS is presented net of the valuation allowance of $19.1 million.
(b)
In first quarter 2020, the Permanent Mortgage portfolio was combined into Consumer Real Estate portfolio, all prior periods were revised for comparability.

Troubled Debt Restructurings
As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately.
A modification is classified as a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is determined that FHN has granted a concession to the borrower. FHN may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include extension of the maturity date, reductions of the interest rate (which may make the rate lower than current market
for a new loan with similar risk), reduction or forgiveness of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted, are subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR.
For all classes within the commercial portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through forbearance agreements (generally 6 to 12 months). Forbearance agreements could include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, release of guarantor, or entering into short sale agreements. FHN’s proprietary modification programs for consumer loans are generally structured using parameters of U.S. government-sponsored programs such as the former Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”). Within the HELOC and R/E installment loans classes of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis
points to a minimum of 1 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate generally returns to the original interest rate prior to modification; for certain modifications, the modified interest rate increases 2 percent per year until the original interest rate prior to modification is achieved. Prior to 2020, Consumer real estate mortgage TDRs (previously classified as permanent mortgage) were typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 2 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate stepped up 1 percent every year until it reached the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Weekly Survey Rate cap. Contractual maturities may be extended to 40 years for consumer real estate loans. Within the credit card class of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In
the credit card hardship program, borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for 6 months to 1 year. In the credit card workout program, customers are granted a rate reduction to 0 percent and term extensions for up to 5 years to pay off the remaining balance.
Despite the absence of a loan modification, the discharge of personal liability through bankruptcy proceedings is considered a concession. As a result, FHN classifies all non-reaffirmed residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as nonaccruing TDRs.
On June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, FHN had $192.6 million and $206.3 million of portfolio loans classified as TDRs, respectively. For TDRs in the loan portfolio, FHN had loan loss reserves of $13.6 million, or 7 percent as of June 30, 2020, and $19.7 million, or 10 percent as of December 31, 2019. Additionally, $45.1 million and $51.1 million of loans held-for-sale as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were classified as TDRs.
The following tables reflect portfolio loans that were classified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Number
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Number
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
Commercial (C&I):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 
1

 
$
4,649

 
$
4,699

 
4

 
$
10,576

 
$
9,132

   Total commercial (C&I)
 
1

 
4,649

 
4,699

 
4

 
10,576

 
9,132

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
4

 
152

 
151

 
12

 
1,064

 
1,042

R/E installment loans
 
40

 
7,793

 
7,741

 
50

 
9,304

 
9,238

   Total consumer real estate
 
44

 
7,945

 
7,892

 
62

 
10,368

 
10,280

Credit card & other
 
16

 
96

 
91

 
40

 
254

 
237

Total troubled debt restructurings
 
61

 
$
12,690

 
$
12,682

 
106

 
$
21,198

 
$
19,649


 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Number
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Number
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
Commercial (C&I):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 
1

 
$
222

 
$
222

 
3

 
$
14,117

 
$
14,042

   Total commercial (C&I)
 
1

 
222

 
222

 
3

 
14,117

 
14,042

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
25

 
3,271

 
3,235

 
44

 
5,375

 
5,319

R/E installment loans
 
19

 
1,534

 
1,523

 
66

 
8,959

 
8,936

   Total consumer real estate
 
44

 
4,805

 
4,758

 
110

 
14,334

 
14,255

Credit card & other
 
18

 
109

 
103

 
33

 
183

 
174

Total troubled debt restructurings
 
63

 
$
5,136

 
$
5,083

 
146

 
$
28,634

 
$
28,471



The following tables present TDRs which re-defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and as to which the modification occurred 12 months or less prior to the re-default. For purposes of this disclosure, FHN generally defines payment default as 30 or more days past due.
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Number
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Number
 
Recorded
Investment
Commercial (C&I):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 

 
$

 

 
$

Total commercial (C&I)
 

 

 

 

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
3

 
882

 
7

 
1,842

R/E installment loans
 
5

 
1,351

 
10

 
1,695

Total consumer real estate
 
8

 
2,233

 
17

 
3,537

Credit card & other
 
7

 
29

 
14

 
60

Total troubled debt restructurings
 
15

 
$
2,262

 
31

 
$
3,597



 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Number
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Number
 
Recorded
Investment
Commercial (C&I):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 

 
$

 

 
$

Total commercial (C&I)
 

 

 

 

Consumer real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
1

 
66

 
2

 
99

R/E installment loans
 
1

 
38

 
1

 
38

Total consumer real estate
 
2

 
104

 
3

 
137

Credit card & other
 
7

 
14

 
15

 
32

Total troubled debt restructurings
 
9

 
$
118

 
18

 
$
169



Accrued Interest

In accordance with its accounting policy elections, FHN has excluded AIR from the amortized cost basis of Loans, net of unearned income. AIR is included within Other assets in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition and the amounts by portfolio segment are presented in the following table.
 
 
June 30
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2020
Commercial:
 
 
Commercial, financial, and industrial
 
$
56,828

Commercial real estate
 
16,528

Consumer:
 
 
Consumer real estate
 
18,020

Credit card & other
 
1,546

Allowance for Credit Losses on COVID-19 Deferrals
 
(860
)
Total accrued interest
 
$
92,062




Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans

The following table presents a rollforward of the accretable yield for the year ended December 31, 2019:
 
 
Year Ended
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2019
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
13,375

Accretion
 
(5,792
)
Adjustment for payoffs
 
(2,438
)
Adjustment for charge-offs
 
(479
)
Adjustment for pool excess recovery (a)
 

Increase in accretable yield (b)
 
5,513

Disposals
 
(4
)
Other
 
(367
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
9,808

(a)
Represents the removal of accretable difference for the remaining loans in a pool which is now in a recovery state.
(b)
Includes changes in the accretable yield due to both transfers from the nonaccretable difference and the impact of changes in the expected timing of the cash flows.

At December 31, 2019, the ALLL related to PCI loans was $2.0 million. Net charge-offs related to PCI loans during 2019 were $5.8 million. The loan loss provision expense related to PCI loans during 2019 was $1.3 million.

The following table reflects the outstanding principal balance and carrying amounts of the acquired PCI loans as of December 31, 2019:
 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying value
 
Unpaid balance
Commercial, financial and industrial
 
$
24,973

 
$
25,938

Commercial real estate
 
5,078

 
5,466

Consumer real estate
 
23,681

 
26,245

Credit card and other
 
489

 
567

Total
 
$
54,221

 
$
58,216


Impaired Loans
The following tables provide information at December 31, 2019 by class related to individually impaired loans and consumer TDRs, regardless of accrual status. Recorded investment is defined as the amount of the investment in a loan, excluding any valuation allowance but including any direct write-down of the investment. For purposes of this disclosure, TRUPS valuation allowance has been excluded.
 
 
December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 
$
52,672

 
$
63,602

 
$

Income CRE
 
1,563

 
1,563

 

Total
 
$
54,235

 
$
65,165

 
$

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC (a)
 
$
4,940

 
$
10,438

 
$

R/E installment loans (a)
 
7,593

 
10,054

 

Total
 
$
12,533

 
$
20,492

 
$

Impaired loans with related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
General C&I
 
$
29,766

 
$
31,536

 
$
6,196

TRUPS
 

 

 

Income CRE
 

 

 

Total
 
$
29,766

 
$
31,536

 
$
6,196

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
HELOC
 
$
55,522

 
$
59,122

 
$
7,016

R/E installment loans
 
94,191

 
104,121

 
12,282

Credit card & other
 
653

 
653

 
422

Total
 
$
150,366

 
$
163,896

 
$
19,720

Total commercial
 
$
84,001

 
$
96,701

 
$
6,196

Total consumer
 
$
162,899

 
$
184,388

 
$
19,720

Total impaired loans
 
$
246,900

 
$
281,089

 
$
25,916

(a)
All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

 
Three Months Ended June 30
 
Six Months Ended June 30
 
 
2019
 
2019
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   General C&I
 
$
67,337

 
$
178

 
$
61,552

 
$
357

Loans to mortgage companies
 
18,628

 

 
9,314

 

   Income CRE
 
1,481

 
13

 
1,518

 
27

   Residential CRE
 

 

 

 

   Total
 
$
87,446

 
$
191

 
$
72,384

 
$
384

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   HELOC (a)
 
$
6,462

 
$

 
$
7,030

 
$

   R/E installment loans (a)
 
8,910

 

 
8,773

 

   Total
 
$
15,372

 
$

 
$
15,803

 
$

Impaired loans with related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   General C&I
 
$
10,760

 
$

 
$
9,026

 
$

   TRUPS
 
2,806

 

 
2,835

 

   Income CRE
 
347

 

 
357

 
9

   Residential CRE
 

 

 

 

   Total
 
$
13,913

 
$

 
$
12,218

 
$
9

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   HELOC
 
$
62,623

 
$
504

 
$
63,819

 
$
1,026

   R/E installment loans
 
107,892

 
815

 
107,975

 
1,637

   Credit card & other
 
692

 
4

 
691

 
9

   Total
 
$
171,207

 
$
1,323

 
$
172,485

 
$
2,672

Total commercial
 
$
101,359

 
$
191

 
$
84,602

 
$
393

Total consumer
 
$
186,579

 
$
1,323

 
$
188,288

 
$
2,672

Total impaired loans
 
$
287,938

 
$
1,514

 
$
272,890

 
$
3,065

(a)
All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.