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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Mackinac Financial Corporation (the “Corporation”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Operating results for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.  The unaudited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

In order to properly reflect some categories of other income and other expenses, reclassifications of expense and income items have been made to prior period numbers.  The “net” other income and other expenses was not changed due to these reclassifications.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of investment securities, the valuation of foreclosed real estate, deferred tax assets, mortgage servicing rights, and the assessment of goodwill for impairment.

Acquired Loans

 

Acquired Loans

 

Loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration since inception and for which it is probable that all contractual payments will not be received are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality (“ASC 310-30”).  These loans are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition, with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses.  Fair value of acquired loans is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology based on assumptions about the amount and timing of principal and interest payments, principal prepayments and principal defaults and losses, and current market rates.  In recording the fair values of acquired impaired loans at acquisition date, management calculates a non-accretable difference (the credit component of the purchased loans) and an accretable difference (the yield component of the purchased loans).

 

Over the life of the acquired loans, management continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected on pools of loans sharing common risk characteristics, which are treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques.  Management evaluates at each balance sheet date whether the present value of our pools of loans determined using the effective interest rates has decreased significantly and if so, recognizes a provision for loan loss in our consolidated statement of income.  For any significant increases in cash flows expected to be collected, we adjust the amount of the accretable yield recognized on a prospective basis over the pool’s remaining life.

 

Performing acquired loans are accounted for under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Topic 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.  Performance of certain loans may be monitored and based on management’s assessment of the cash flows and other facts available, portions of the accretable difference may be delayed or suspended if management deems appropriate.  The Corporation’s policy for determining when to discontinue accruing interest on performing acquired loans and the subsequent accounting for such loans is essentially the same as the policy for originated loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

The allowance for loan losses includes specific allowances related to commercial loans, when they have been judged to be impaired.  A loan is impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Corporation will not collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  These specific allowances are based on discounted cash flows of expected future payments using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

 

The Corporation also has an unallocated allowance for loan losses for loans not considered impaired.  The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level which management believes is adequate to provide for incurred loan losses.  Management periodically evaluates the adequacy of the allowance using the Corporation’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, and other factors.  The allowance does not include the effects of expected losses related to future events or future changes in economic conditions.  This evaluation is inherently subjective since it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change.  Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes the collectability of the principal is unlikely.  In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for loan losses.  These agencies may require additions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments of collectability.

 

In management’s opinion, the allowance for loan losses is adequate to cover probable losses relating to specifically identified loans, as well as probable losses inherent in the balance of the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.

Stock Compensation Plans

Stock Compensation Plans

 

On May 22, 2012, the Corporation’s shareholders approved the Mackinac Financial Corporation 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, under which current and prospective employees, non-employee directors and consultants may be awarded incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, shares of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), or stock appreciation rights.  The aggregate number of shares of the Corporation’s common stock issuable under the plan is 575,000.  Awards are made to certain other senior officers at the discretion of the Corporation’s management.  Compensation cost equal to the fair value of the award is recognized over the vesting period.