LHFI and ACL, LHFI (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable, Gross, Allowance, and Net [Abstract]

Loan Portfolio Held for Investment

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, LHFI consisted of the following ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	563,501	$	587,244
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		697,177		650,550
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		3,299,819		3,533,282
Other real estate secured		2,055,712		1,633,830
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		678,326		829,904
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		2,357,692		2,298,993
Commercial and industrial loans		1,903,606		1,840,722
Consumer loans		158,462		156,569
State and other political subdivision loans		1,028,396		969,836
Other commercial loans and leases		805,465		589,012
LHFI		13,548,156		13,089,942
Less ACL		165,242		160,270
Net LHFI	$	13,382,914	$	12,929,672

Schedule of Amortized Cost Basis of Loans on Nonaccrual Status

The following tables provide the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2025
	Nonaccrual With No ACL		Total Nonaccrual		Loans Past Due 90 Days or More Still Accruing
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	160	$	278	$	—
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		461		8,120		648
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		871		4,301		—
Other real estate secured		234		386		—
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		1,419		54,006		3,557
Commercial and industrial loans		114		15,637		—
Consumer loans		—		455		648
Other commercial loans and leases		—		772		—
Total	$	3,259	$	83,955	$	4,853

	December 31, 2024
	Nonaccrual With No ACL		Total Nonaccrual		Loans Past Due 90 Days or More Still Accruing
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	—	$	366	$	159
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		521		7,275		266
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		426		13,061		—
Other real estate secured		1,904		1,984		—
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		1,533		31,583		3,253
Commercial and industrial loans		16		24,525		—
Consumer loans		—		236		414
Other commercial loans and leases		—		1,079		—
Total	$	4,400	$	80,109	$	4,092

Aging Analysis of Past Due and Nonaccrual LHFI by Loan Type

The following tables provide an aging analysis of the amortized cost basis of past due LHFI (including nonaccrual LHFI) at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2025
	Past Due
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total Past Due		Current Loans		Total LHFI
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and    other land	$	260	$	45	$	—	$	305	$	563,196	$	563,501
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties		5,086		1,081		4,133		10,300		686,877		697,177
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential    properties		908		98		3,429		4,435		3,295,384		3,299,819
Other real estate secured		78		—		298		376		2,055,336		2,055,712
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		—		—		—		—		678,326		678,326
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		19,392		10,102		28,648		58,142		2,299,550		2,357,692
Commercial and industrial loans		857		676		12,800		14,333		1,889,273		1,903,606
Consumer loans		1,058		361		680		2,099		156,363		158,462
State and other political subdivision loans		—		—		—		—		1,028,396		1,028,396
Other commercial loans and leases		27		17		—		44		805,421		805,465
Total	$	27,666	$	12,380	$	49,988	$	90,034	$	13,458,122	$	13,548,156

	December 31, 2024
	Past Due
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total Past Due		Current Loans		Total LHFI
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and    other land	$	199	$	—	$	324	$	523	$	586,721	$	587,244
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties		5,656		1,821		3,223		10,700		639,850		650,550
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential    properties		1,488		380		3,111		4,979		3,528,303		3,533,282
Other real estate secured		1,979		—		28		2,007		1,631,823		1,633,830
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		—		—		—		—		829,904		829,904
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		17,898		7,111		21,524		46,533		2,252,460		2,298,993
Commercial and industrial loans		1,114		13,300		8,835		23,249		1,817,473		1,840,722
Consumer loans		1,930		600		414		2,944		153,625		156,569
State and other political subdivision loans		24		—		—		24		969,812		969,836
Other commercial loans and leases		168		67		69		304		588,708		589,012
Total	$	30,456	$	23,279	$	37,528	$	91,263	$	12,998,679	$	13,089,942

Impact of Modifications Classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings

The following tables present the amortized cost of LHFI of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty disaggregated by class of loan and type of modification at the end of each of the periods presented ($ in thousands). The percentage of the amortized cost basis of LHFI that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of LHFI is also presented below:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Term Extension		Total		% of Total Class of Loan
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties	$	619	$	619		0.09	%
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		4,632		4,632		0.20	%
Total	$	5,251	$	5,251		0.04	%

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Total		% of Total Class of Loan
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties	$	—	$	886	$	886		0.14	%
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		—		30		30		—
Commercial and industrial loans		6,207		—		6,207		0.35	%
Total	$	6,207	$	916	$	7,123		0.05	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Total		% of Total Class of Loan
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties	$	—	$	2,009	$	2,009		0.29	%
Other real estate secured		—		15,000		15,000		0.73	%
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		—		10,308		10,308		0.44	%
Commercial and industrial loans		12,824		—		12,824		0.67	%
Total	$	12,824	$	27,317	$	40,141		0.30	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Total		% of Total Class of Loan
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties	$	—	$	2,638	$	2,638		0.41	%
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		—		30		30		—
Commercial and industrial loans		6,207		—		6,207		0.35	%
Total	$	6,207	$	2,668	$	8,875		0.07	%

Troubled debt restructurings on financial effect

The following tables detail the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Financial Effect
	Term Extension
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties	Modified two loans and nine lines of credit to amortize over 24-month terms
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties	Reamortized twenty-seven loans with term adjusted by weighted average of 32 months

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Financial Effect
	Payment Delay	Term Extension
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		Modified two loans and seven lines of credit to amortize over 24-month terms
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		Modified one loan to amortize over 24-month term
Commercial and industrial loans	Thirty-four month principal payment deferral

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Financial Effect
	Payment Delay	Term Extension
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		Modified three loans and thirty-three lines of credit to amortize over a 24- month term
Other real estate secured		Extended maturity of one loan by 12 months
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		Reamortized sixty-one loans with term adjusted by weighted-average of 41 months
Commercial and industrial loans	One loan with eight monthly interest payments deferred and four loans with three interest-only monthly payments

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Financial Effect
	Payment Delay	Term Extension
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		Modified three loans and twenty-seven lines to amortize over 24-month terms
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		Modified one loan to amortize over 24-month term
Commercial and industrial loans	Thirty-four month principal payment deferral

Past Due Modifications Related To Loans Held For Investment

The following tables provide details of the performance of such LHFI that have been modified in the preceding twelve months as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2025
	Past Due
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total Past Due		Current Loans		Total
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties	$	113	$	52	$	518	$	683	$	2,179	$	2,862
Other real estate secured		—		—		—		—		15,000	$	15,000
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		765		958		326		2,049		8,354		10,403
Commercial and industrial loans		112		452		12,261		12,825		—		12,825
Total	$	990	$	1,462	$	13,105	$	15,557	$	25,533	$	41,090

	September 30, 2024
	Past Due
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total Past Due		Current Loans		Total
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties	$	114	$	50	$	42	$	206	$	2,432	$	2,638
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		—		—		—		—		30		30
Commercial and industrial loans		—		—		—		—		6,207		6,207
Total	$	114	$	50	$	42	$	206	$	8,669	$	8,875

Schedule Of Amortized Cost Basis Of Collateral Dependent Loans by Class of Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans and collateral type as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2025
	Real Estate		Vehicles		Miscellaneous		Total
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and    other land	$	160	$	—	$	—	$	160
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		461		—		—		461
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		1,489		—		—		1,489
Other real estate secured		15,234		—		—		15,234
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		1,419		—		—		1,419
Commercial and industrial loans		—		1,758		12,579		14,337
Consumer loans		—		—		114		114
Other commercial loans and leases		—		—		764		764
Total	$	18,763	$	1,758	$	13,457	$	33,978

	December 31, 2024
	Real Estate		Vehicles		Miscellaneous		Total
Loans secured by real estate:
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties	$	521	$	—	$	—	$	521
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		9,783		—		—		9,783
Other real estate secured		1,904		—		—		1,904
Other loans secured by real estate:
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		1,533		—		—		1,533
Commercial and industrial loans		—		1,818		20,685		22,503
Other commercial loans and leases		—		—		896		896
Total	$	13,741	$	1,818	$	21,581	$	37,140

Carrying Amount of Loans by Credit Quality Indicator

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of loans by credit quality indicator and class of loans based on analyses performed at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

	Term Loans by Origination Year
	2025		2024		2023			2022		2021		Prior			Revolving Loans		Total
As of September 30, 2025	Commercial LHFI
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land    development and other    land:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	264,598	$	120,344	$	29,054		$	23,908	$	15,789	$	2,684		$	45,857	$	502,234
Special Mention - RR 7		—		—		—			—		—		—			—		—
Substandard - RR 8		58		1,473		—			3,808		85		—			—		5,424
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—		—			—		—		—			—		—
Total		264,656		121,817		29,054			27,716		15,874		2,684			45,857		507,658
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		—			—		—		—			—		—
Other secured by 1-4 family    residential properties:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	36,008	$	25,374	$	20,040		$	20,074	$	20,940	$	5,691		$	7,692	$	135,819
Special Mention - RR 7		—		25		—			—		20		—			—		45
Substandard - RR 8		235		127		632			848		529		374			20		2,765
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—		—			—		—		—			—		—
Total		36,243		25,526		20,672			20,922		21,489		6,065			7,712		138,629
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		(2	)		—		—		—			—		(2	)
Secured by nonfarm,    nonresidential properties:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	521,204	$	411,095	$	397,566		$	710,182	$	359,348	$	557,028		$	157,544	$	3,113,967
Special Mention - RR 7		17,340		—		8,715			3,883		—		1,140			—		31,078
Substandard - RR 8		6,620		9,232		872			85,794		38,332		11,939			1,980		154,769
Doubtful - RR 9		2		—		—			—		—		3			—		5
Total		545,166		420,327		407,153			799,859		397,680		570,110			159,524		3,299,819
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		—			—		—		(2,026	)		—		(2,026	)
Other real estate secured:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	234,894	$	124,385	$	478,392		$	757,436	$	166,357	$	101,318		$	18,905	$	1,881,687
Special Mention - RR 7		—		—		21,500			—		—		—			—		21,500
Substandard - RR 8		14,498		35		22,415			69,552		398		44,861			147		151,906
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—		—			—		—		—			—		—
Total		249,392		124,420		522,307			826,988		166,755		146,179			19,052		2,055,093
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		—			—		—		—			—		—

	Term Loans by Origination Year
	2025		2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior			Revolving Loans			Total
As of September 30, 2025	Commercial LHFI
Other loans secured by real    estate:
Other construction:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	50,779	$	261,828		$	274,153		$	53,630		$	—		$	—		$	32,572		$	672,962
Special Mention - RR 7		—		—			5,364			—			—			—			—			5,364
Substandard - RR 8		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total		50,779		261,828			279,517			53,630			—			—			32,572			678,326
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Commercial and industrial    loans:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	565,852	$	334,760		$	228,472		$	99,711		$	54,649		$	32,163		$	510,669		$	1,826,276
Special Mention - RR 7		1,949		700			13,284			5,996			49			16			28,573			50,567
Substandard - RR 8		1,457		1,091			611			3,661			1,520			12,749			5,540			26,629
Doubtful - RR 9		—		48			19			7			—			1			59			134
Total		569,258		336,599			242,386			109,375			56,218			44,929			544,841			1,903,606
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		(491	)		(811	)		(3,943	)		(214	)		(455	)		(335	)		(6,249	)
State and other political    subdivision loans:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	158,237	$	158,760		$	71,424		$	192,799		$	105,253		$	329,413		$	12,510		$	1,028,396
Special Mention - RR 7		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Substandard - RR 8		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total		158,237		158,760			71,424			192,799			105,253			329,413			12,510			1,028,396
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other commercial loans and    leases:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	255,778	$	150,526		$	123,593		$	4,586		$	5,167		$	54,413		$	204,724		$	798,787
Special Mention - RR 7		—		426			378			—			—			—			—			804
Substandard - RR 8		16		1,898			2,020			339			489			66			1,043			5,871
Doubtful - RR 9		—		3			—			—			—			—			—			3
Total		255,794		152,853			125,991			4,925			5,656			54,479			205,767			805,465
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		(73	)		—			(30	)		—			—			—			(103	)
Total commercial    LHFI	$	2,129,525	$	1,602,130		$	1,698,504		$	2,036,214		$	768,925		$	1,153,859		$	1,027,835		$	10,416,992
Total commercial LHFI    gross charge-offs	$	—	$	(564	)	$	(813	)	$	(3,973	)	$	(214	)	$	(2,481	)	$	(335	)	$	(8,380	)

	Term Loans by Origination Year
	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior			Revolving Loans			Total
As of September 30, 2025	Consumer LHFI
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land    development and other    land:
Current	$	21,586		$	16,797		$	11,363		$	2,900		$	1,272		$	1,790		$	—		$	55,708
Past due 30-89 days		—			—			49			—			—			20			—			69
Past due 90 days or more		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Nonaccrual		—			—			9			—			57			—			—			66
Total		21,586			16,797			11,421			2,900			1,329			1,810			—			55,843
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other secured by 1-4 family    residential properties:
Current	$	15,975		$	20,332		$	15,213		$	5,610		$	4,445		$	9,579		$	475,201		$	546,355
Past due 30-89 days		—			56			51			15			64			313			3,718			4,217
Past due 90 days or more		—			14			28			—			—			—			606			648
Nonaccrual		27			39			101			48			87			339			6,687			7,328
Total		16,002			20,441			15,393			5,673			4,596			10,231			486,212			558,548
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			(6	)		—			(53	)		—			(31	)		(586	)		(676	)
Other real estate secured:
Current	$	429		$	144		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	46		$	—		$	619
Past due 30-89 days		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Past due 90 days or more		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Nonaccrual		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total		429			144			—			—			—			46			—			619
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other loans secured by real    estate:
Secured by 1-4 family    residential properties
Current	$	203,997		$	296,748		$	200,927		$	737,742		$	421,922		$	413,856		$	—		$	2,275,192
Past due 30-89 days		198			5			5,261			11,013			4,544			3,916			—			24,937
Past due 90 days or more		262			191			2,053			878			135			37			—			3,556
Nonaccrual		4			581			9,747			27,868			9,381			6,426			—			54,007
Total		204,461			297,525			217,988			777,501			435,982			424,235			—			2,357,692
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			—			(441	)		(930	)		(118	)		(18	)		—			(1,507	)
Consumer loans:
Current	$	46,400		$	32,340		$	11,011		$	8,639		$	3,022		$	323		$	54,218		$	155,953
Past due 30-89 days		396			143			111			7			1			—			748			1,406
Past due 90 days or more		24			22			27			—			—			—			575			648
Nonaccrual		115			46			174			54			45			3			18			455
Total		46,935			32,551			11,323			8,700			3,068			326			55,559			158,462
Current period gross    charge-offs		(3,393	)		(413	)		(401	)		(112	)		(5	)		(26	)		(1,943	)		(6,293	)
Total consumer LHFI	$	289,413		$	367,458		$	256,125		$	794,774		$	444,975		$	436,648		$	541,771		$	3,131,164
Total consumer LHFI    gross charge-offs	$	(3,393	)	$	(419	)	$	(842	)	$	(1,095	)	$	(123	)	$	(75	)	$	(2,529	)	$	(8,476	)
Total LHFI	$	2,418,938		$	1,969,588		$	1,954,629		$	2,830,988		$	1,213,900		$	1,590,507		$	1,569,606		$	13,548,156
Total current period    gross charge-offs	$	(3,393	)	$	(983	)	$	(1,655	)	$	(5,068	)	$	(337	)	$	(2,556	)	$	(2,864	)	$	(16,856	)

	Term Loans by Origination Year
	2024		2023		2022			2021			2020		Prior			Revolving Loans		Total
As of December 31, 2024	Commercial LHFI
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land    development and other    land:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	324,775	$	83,503	$	33,580		$	23,124		$	8,145	$	1,587		$	42,469	$	517,183
Special Mention - RR 7		2,165		—		—			—			—		—			2,002		4,167
Substandard - RR 8		17		62		226			983			—		—			176		1,464
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—		—			—			—		—			—		—
Total		326,957		83,565		33,806			24,107			8,145		1,587			44,647		522,814
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		—			—			—		(24	)		—		(24	)
Other secured by 1-4 family    residential properties:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	31,013	$	24,339	$	22,693		$	24,090		$	11,635	$	2,106		$	7,742	$	123,618
Special Mention - RR 7		27		—		—			32			—		—			—		59
Substandard - RR 8		125		375		555			328			—		191			27		1,601
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—		—			—			—		—			—		—
Total		31,165		24,714		23,248			24,450			11,635		2,297			7,769		125,278
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		—			—			—		(16	)		—		(16	)
Secured by nonfarm,    nonresidential properties:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	542,747	$	441,159	$	880,511		$	429,929		$	464,504	$	392,802		$	127,812	$	3,279,464
Special Mention - RR 7		16,266		—		52,093			—			17,978		3,335			—		89,672
Substandard - RR 8		10,007		7,321		41,686			37,915			25,601		41,598			—		164,128
Doubtful - RR 9		11		—		—			—			—		7			—		18
Total		569,031		448,480		974,290			467,844			508,083		437,742			127,812		3,533,282
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		—			(2,529	)		—		(16	)		—		(2,545	)
Other real estate secured:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	152,314	$	157,827	$	726,814		$	233,861		$	137,786	$	43,478		$	7,434	$	1,459,514
Special Mention - RR 7		—		7,450		15,481			41,019			—		—			263		64,213
Substandard - RR 8		14,610		—		26,685			42,636			252		25,419			244		109,846
Doubtful - RR 9		—		—		—			—			—		—			—		—
Total		166,924		165,277		768,980			317,516			138,038		68,897			7,941		1,633,573
Current period gross    charge-offs		—		—		(89	)		—			—		—			—		(89	)

	Term Loans by Origination Year
	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			Revolving Loans			Total
As of December 31, 2024	Commercial LHFI
Other loans secured by real    estate:
Other construction
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	115,221		$	410,064		$	201,526		$	20,647		$	—		$	—		$	18,400		$	765,858
Special Mention - RR 7		—			2,250			24,557			—			—			—			—			26,807
Substandard - RR 8		—			—			17,820			—			19,419			—			—			37,239
Doubtful - RR 9		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total		115,221			412,314			243,903			20,647			19,419			—			18,400			829,904
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			(14	)		(2,493	)		—			—			—			—			(2,507	)
Commercial and industrial    loans:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	505,557		$	365,724		$	231,875		$	98,318		$	45,551		$	27,456		$	462,740		$	1,737,221
Special Mention - RR 7		—			564			14,066			15			—			—			13,836			28,481
Substandard - RR 8		7,204			1,113			39,698			5,091			891			12,905			7,598			74,500
Doubtful - RR 9		227			—			35			145			1			2			110			520
Total		512,988			367,401			285,674			103,569			46,443			40,363			484,284			1,840,722
Current period gross    charge-offs		(341	)		(1,211	)		(640	)		(3,251	)		(158	)		(3,132	)		(315	)		(9,048	)
State and other political    subdivision loans:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	156,130		$	82,532		$	212,528		$	135,251		$	78,543		$	302,709		$	2,143		$	969,836
Special Mention - RR 7		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Substandard - RR 8		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Doubtful - RR 9		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total		156,130			82,532			212,528			135,251			78,543			302,709			2,143			969,836
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other commercial loans and    leases:
Pass - RR 1 through RR 6	$	157,619		$	148,099		$	7,371		$	9,800		$	15,606		$	45,227		$	203,345		$	587,067
Special Mention - RR 7		—			—			116			48			—			—			—			164
Substandard - RR 8		55			682			116			12			—			—			901			1,766
Doubtful - RR 9		9			—			6			—			—			—			—			15
Total		157,683			148,781			7,609			9,860			15,606			45,227			204,246			589,012
Current period gross    charge-offs		(25	)		—			(38	)		—			—			(32	)		—			(95	)
Total commercial    LHFI	$	2,036,099		$	1,733,064		$	2,550,038		$	1,103,244		$	825,912		$	898,822		$	897,242		$	10,044,421
Total commercial LHFI    gross charge-offs	$	(366	)	$	(1,225	)	$	(3,260	)	$	(5,780	)	$	(158	)	$	(3,220	)	$	(315	)	$	(14,324	)

	Term Loans by Origination Year
	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			Revolving Loans			Total
As of December 31, 2024	Consumer LHFI
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land    development and other    land:
Current	$	31,478		$	22,752		$	4,302		$	2,762		$	930		$	1,804		$	—		$	64,028
Past due 30-89 days		—			47			11			—			—			106			—			164
Past due 90 days or more		91			—			—			68			—			—			—			159
Nonaccrual		—			31			21			4			—			23			—			79
Total		31,569			22,830			4,334			2,834			930			1,933			—			64,430
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			(8	)		—			(8	)
Other secured by 1-4 family    residential properties:
Current	$	24,756		$	17,202		$	6,733		$	5,260		$	3,651		$	9,563		$	445,598		$	512,763
Past due 30-89 days		569			38			67			66			3			579			4,524			5,846
Past due 90 days or more		21			—			8			—			—			17			219			265
Nonaccrual		71			5			69			44			103			593			5,513			6,398
Total		25,417			17,245			6,877			5,370			3,757			10,752			455,854			525,272
Current period gross    charge-offs		(29	)		(87	)		(233	)		(40	)		(31	)		(76	)		—			(496	)
Other real estate secured:
Current	$	161		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	68		$	28		$	—		$	257
Past due 30-89 days		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Past due 90 days or more		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Nonaccrual		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total		161			—			—			—			68			28			—			257
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other loans secured by real    estate:
Secured by 1-4 family    residential properties
Current	$	274,500		$	224,266		$	808,527		$	459,191		$	161,856		$	314,906		$	—		$	2,243,246
Past due 30-89 days		169			4,405			9,883			4,082			814			1,558			—			20,911
Past due 90 days or more		4			1,263			1,098			461			170			257			—			3,253
Nonaccrual		568			3,744			17,306			5,009			1,394			3,562			—			31,583
Total		275,241			233,678			836,814			468,743			164,234			320,283			—			2,298,993
Current period gross    charge-offs		—			(228	)		(9,910	)		(143	)		(6	)		(17	)		—			(10,304	)
Consumer loans:
Current	$	55,908		$	22,226		$	12,922		$	4,654		$	1,188		$	105		$	56,423		$	153,426
Past due 30-89 days		844			396			323			4			—			13			913			2,493
Past due 90 days or more		38			67			17			4			—			—			288			414
Nonaccrual		25			49			63			61			19			—			19			236
Total		56,815			22,738			13,325			4,723			1,207			118			57,643			156,569
Current period gross    charge-offs		(5,929	)		(785	)		(470	)		(131	)		(100	)		(337	)		(2,065	)		(9,817	)
Total consumer LHFI	$	389,203		$	296,491		$	861,350		$	481,670		$	170,196		$	333,114		$	513,497		$	3,045,521
Total consumer LHFI    gross charge-offs	$	(5,958	)	$	(1,100	)	$	(10,613	)	$	(314	)	$	(137	)	$	(438	)	$	(2,065	)	$	(20,625	)
Total LHFI	$	2,425,302		$	2,029,555		$	3,411,388		$	1,584,914		$	996,108		$	1,231,936		$	1,410,739		$	13,089,942
Total current period    gross charge-offs	$	(6,324	)	$	(2,325	)	$	(13,873	)	$	(6,094	)	$	(295	)	$	(3,658	)	$	(2,380	)	$	(34,949	)

Summary of Trustmark's Portfolio Segments, Loan Classes, Loan Pools and the ACL Methodology and Loss Drivers

The following table provides a description of each of Trustmark’s portfolio segments, loan classes, loan pools and the ACL methodology and loss drivers at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Portfolio Segment	Loan Class	Loan Pool	Methodology	Loss Drivers
Loans secured by real estate	Construction, land    development and other land	1-4 family residential    construction	DCF	BBB 7-10 US CBI (1), National Unemployment
		Lots and development	DCF	National HPI, National Unemployment
		Unimproved land	DCF	National HPI, National Unemployment
		All other consumer	DCF	National HPI, National Unemployment
	Other secured by 1-4    family residential properties	Consumer 1-4 family - 1st liens	DCF	National HPI, Southern Unemployment (2)
		All other consumer	DCF	National HPI, National Unemployment
		Nonresidential owner-occupied	DCF	Southern Unemployment, National CRE Price Index
	Secured by nonfarm,    nonresidential properties	Nonowner-occupied -    hotel/motel	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
		Nonowner-occupied - office	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
		Nonowner-occupied- Retail	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
		Nonowner-occupied - senior    living/nursing homes	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
		Nonowner-occupied -    all other	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
		Nonresidential owner-occupied	DCF	Southern Unemployment, National CRE Price Index
	Other real estate secured	Nonresidential nonowner    -occupied - apartments	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
		Nonresidential owner-occupied	DCF	Southern Unemployment, National CRE Price Index
		Nonowner-occupied -    all other	DCF	National CRE Price Index, Southern Unemployment
Other loans secured by    real estate	Other construction	Other construction	DCF	National CRE Price Index, National Unemployment, BBB 7-10 US CBI
	Secured by 1-4 family    residential properties	Trustmark mortgage	WARM	Southern Unemployment
Commercial and    industrial loans	Commercial and    industrial loans	Commercial and industrial -    non-working capital	DCF	Trustmark historical data
		Commercial and industrial -    working capital	DCF	Trustmark historical data
		Equipment finance loans	WARM	Southern Unemployment, National GDP
		Credit cards	WARM	Trustmark call report data
Consumer loans	Consumer loans	Credit cards	WARM	Trustmark call report data
		Overdrafts	Loss Rate	Trustmark historical data
		All other consumer	DCF	National HPI, National Unemployment
State and other political    subdivision loans	State and other political    subdivision loans	Obligations of state and    political subdivisions	DCF	Moody's Bond Default Study
Other commercial loans and leases	Other commercial loans and leases	Other loans	DCF	BBB 7-10 US CBI, Southern Unemployment
		Commercial and industrial -    non-working capital	DCF	Trustmark historical data
		Commercial and industrial -    working capital	DCF	Trustmark historical data
		Equipment finance leases	WARM	Southern Unemployment, National GDP

(1) Loss driver was National HPI at December 31, 2024.

(2) Loss driver was National Unemployement at December 31, 2024.

Change in Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables disaggregate the ACL and the amortized cost basis of the loans by the measurement methodology used at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2025
	ACL						LHFI
	Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss		Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss		Total		Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss		Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss		Total
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and    other land	$	—	$	7,127	$	7,127	$	160		563,341	$	563,501
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties		—		13,143		13,143		461		696,716		697,177
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential    properties		206		33,932		34,138		1,489		3,298,330		3,299,819
Other real estate secured		—		23,909		23,909		15,234		2,040,478		2,055,712
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		—		4,981		4,981		—		678,326		678,326
Secured by 1-4 family residential    properties		—		42,298		42,298		1,419		2,356,273		2,357,692
Commercial and industrial loans		8,414		16,685		25,099		14,337		1,889,269		1,903,606
Consumer loans		114		5,214		5,328		114		158,348		158,462
State and other political subdivision loans		—		859		859		—		1,028,396		1,028,396
Other commercial loans and leases		764		7,596		8,360		764		804,701		805,465
Total	$	9,498	$	155,744	$	165,242	$	33,978	$	13,514,178	$	13,548,156

	December 31, 2024
	ACL						LHFI
	Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss		Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss		Total		Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss		Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss		Total
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and    other land	$	—	$	6,452	$	6,452	$	—	$	587,244	$	587,244
Other secured by 1-4 family residential    properties		—		11,347		11,347		521		650,029		650,550
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential    properties		2,251		35,645		37,896		9,783		3,523,499		3,533,282
Other real estate secured		—		19,491		19,491		1,904		1,631,926		1,633,830
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		—		13,297		13,297		—		829,904		829,904
Secured by 1-4 family residential    properties		—		32,129		32,129		1,533		2,297,460		2,298,993
Commercial and industrial loans		10,518		16,502		27,020		22,503		1,818,219		1,840,722
Consumer loans		—		5,141		5,141		—		156,569		156,569
State and other political subdivision loans		—		1,250		1,250		—		969,836		969,836
Other commercial loans and leases		892		5,355		6,247		896		588,116		589,012
Total	$	13,661	$	146,609	$	160,270	$	37,140	$	13,052,802	$	13,089,942

Changes in the ACL, LHFI were as follows for the periods presented ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	168,237		$	154,685		$	160,270		$	139,367
Loans charged-off, sale of 1-4 family mortgage loans		—			—			—			(8,633	)
Loans charged-off		(6,775	)		(7,142	)		(16,856	)		(18,586	)
Recoveries		2,390			2,463			6,967			6,821
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(4,385	)		(4,679	)		(9,889	)		(20,398	)
PCL, LHFI		1,390			7,923			14,861			30,327
PCL, LHFI sale of 1-4 family mortgage loans		—			—			—			8,633
Balance at end of period	$	165,242		$	157,929		$	165,242		$	157,929

The following tables detail changes in the ACL, LHFI by loan class for the periods presented ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs			Recoveries		PCL			Balance at End of Period
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	7,349	$	—		$	9	$	(231	)	$	7,127
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		12,665		(371	)		37		812			13,143
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		35,017		(21	)		124		(982	)		34,138
Other real estate secured		23,505		—			1		403			23,909
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		8,142		—			2		(3,163	)		4,981
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		38,985		(577	)		29		3,861			42,298
Commercial and industrial loans		28,465		(3,819	)		746		(293	)		25,099
Consumer loans		5,111		(1,968	)		1,436		749			5,328
State and other political subdivision loans		1,547		—			—		(688	)		859
Other commercial loans and leases		7,451		(19	)		6		922			8,360
Total	$	168,237	$	(6,775	)	$	2,390	$	1,390		$	165,242

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs			Recoveries		PCL			Balance at End of Period
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	5,101	$	(8	)	$	614	$	414		$	6,121
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		10,373		(201	)		55		502			10,729
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		41,136		—			20		(4,869	)		36,287
Other real estate secured		12,037		—			—		1,034			13,071
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		13,897		—			69		(125	)		13,841
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		30,647		(632	)		16		1,711			31,742
Commercial and industrial loans		28,735		(3,611	)		193		7,228			32,545
Consumer loans		5,645		(2,690	)		1,496		1,248			5,699
State and other political subdivision loans		625		—			—		541			1,166
Other commercial loans and leases		6,489		—			—		239			6,728
Total	$	154,685	$	(7,142	)	$	2,463	$	7,923		$	157,929

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs			Recoveries		PCL			Balance at End of Period
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	6,452	$	—		$	205	$	470		$	7,127
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		11,347		(678	)		259		2,215			13,143
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		37,896		(2,026	)		124		(1,856	)		34,138
Other real estate secured		19,491		—			78		4,340			23,909
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		13,297		—			5		(8,321	)		4,981
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		32,129		(1,507	)		470		11,206			42,298
Commercial and industrial loans		27,020		(6,249	)		1,245		3,083			25,099
Consumer loans		5,141		(6,293	)		4,482		1,998			5,328
State and other political subdivision loans		1,250		—			—		(391	)		859
Other commercial loans and leases		6,247		(103	)		99		2,117			8,360
Total	$	160,270	$	(16,856	)	$	6,967	$	14,861		$	165,242

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charge-offs			Recoveries		PCL			Balance at End of Period
Loans secured by real estate:
Construction, land development and other land	$	17,192	$	(32	)	$	622	$	(11,661	)	$	6,121
Other secured by 1-4 family residential properties		12,942		(381	)		568		(2,400	)		10,729
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties		24,043		(2,428	)		46		14,626			36,287
Other real estate secured		4,488		—			—		8,583			13,071
Other loans secured by real estate:
Other construction		5,758		(2,494	)		341		10,236			13,841
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties		34,794		(9,823	)		81		6,690			31,742
Commercial and industrial loans		26,638		(4,386	)		663		9,630			32,545
Consumer loans		5,794		(7,622	)		4,448		3,079			5,699
State and other political subdivision loans		646		—			—		520			1,166
Other commercial loans and leases		7,072		(53	)		52		(343	)		6,728
Total	$	139,367	$	(27,219	)	$	6,821	$	38,960		$	157,929