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Loans Held for Investment (LHFI) and Allowance for Loan Losses, LHFI
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Loans Held for Investment (LHFI) and Allowance for Loan Losses, LHFI [Abstract]  
Loans Held for Investment (LHFI) and Allowance for Loan Losses, LHFI
Note 4 Loans Held for Investment (LHFI) and Allowance for Loan Losses, LHFI

For the periods presented, LHFI consisted of the following ($ in thousands):

   
March 31, 2013
  
December 31, 2012
 
Loans secured by real estate:
      
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $485,419  $468,975 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  1,372,901   1,497,480 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  1,385,669   1,410,264 
Other
  174,680   189,949 
Commercial and industrial loans
  1,206,851   1,169,513 
Consumer loans
  160,253   171,660 
Other loans
  688,623   684,913 
LHFI
  5,474,396   5,592,754 
Less allowance for loan losses, LHFI
  76,900   78,738 
Net LHFI
 $5,397,496  $5,514,016 

Loan Concentrations

Trustmark does not have any loan concentrations other than those reflected in the preceding table, which exceed 10% of total LHFI. At March 31, 2013, Trustmark's geographic loan distribution was concentrated primarily in its five key market regions, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of these loans and the recovery of a substantial portion of the carrying amount of other real estate are susceptible to changes in market conditions in these areas.

Nonaccrual/Impaired LHFI

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the carrying amounts of nonaccrual LHFI, which are individually evaluated for impairment, were $83.3 million and $82.4 million, respectively. Of this total, all commercial nonaccrual LHFI over $500 thousand were specifically evaluated for impairment (specifically evaluated impaired LHFI) using a fair value approach. The remaining nonaccrual LHFI were not all specifically reviewed and written down to fair value less cost to sell. No material interest income was recognized in the income statement on impaired or nonaccrual loans for each of the periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

All of Trustmark's specifically evaluated impaired LHFI are collateral dependent loans. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, specifically evaluated impaired LHFI totaled $33.0 million and $40.6 million, respectively. In addition, these specifically evaluated impaired LHFI had a related allowance of $3.5 million and $5.9 million at the end of the respective periods. For collateral dependent loans, when a loan is deemed impaired, the full difference between the carrying amount of the loan and the most likely estimate of the asset's fair value less cost to sell is charged off. Charge-offs related to specifically evaluated impaired LHFI totaled $986 thousand and $1.4 million for the first three months of 2013 and 2012, respectively. Provision recapture on specifically evaluated impaired LFHI totaled $1.3 million and $864 thousand for the first three months of 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
Fair value estimates for specifically evaluated impaired LHFI are derived from appraised values based on the current market /as is value of the property, normally from recently received and reviewed appraisals. If an appraisal with an inspection date within the past 12 months using the necessary assumptions is not in the file, a new appraisal is ordered. Appraisals are obtained from state-certified appraisers and are based on certain assumptions, which may include construction or development status and the highest and best use of the property. These appraisals are reviewed by Trustmark's Appraisal Review Department to ensure they are acceptable, and values are adjusted down for costs associated with asset disposal. Once this estimated net realizable value has been determined, the value used in the impairment assessment is updated. At the time a specifically evaluated impaired LHFI is deemed to be impaired, the full difference between book value and the most likely estimate of the asset's net realizable value is charged off. As subsequent events dictate and estimated net realizable values decline, required reserves may be established or further adjustments recorded.

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, nonaccrual LHFI not specifically reviewed for impairment and written down to fair value less cost to sell, totaled $50.3 million and $41.8 million, respectively. In addition, these nonaccrual LHFI had allocated allowance for loan losses of $7.6 million and $4.6 million at the end of the respective periods.

The following table details LHFI individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 ($ in thousands):

   
March 31, 2013
 
   
LHFI Evaluated for Impairment
 
   
Individually
  
Collectively
  
Total
 
           
Loans secured by real estate:
         
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $24,443  $460,976  $485,419 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  27,149   1,345,752   1,372,901 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  17,880   1,367,789   1,385,669 
Other
  1,040   173,640   174,680 
Commercial and industrial loans
  9,053   1,197,798   1,206,851 
Consumer loans
  277   159,976   160,253 
Other loans
  3,480   685,143   688,623 
Total
 $83,322  $5,391,074  $5,474,396 

   
December 31, 2012
 
   
LHFI Evaluated for Impairment
 
   
Individually
  
Collectively
  
Total
 
           
Loans secured by real estate:
         
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $27,105  $441,870  $468,975 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  27,114   1,470,366   1,497,480 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  18,289   1,391,975   1,410,264 
Other
  3,956   185,993   189,949 
Commercial and industrial loans
  4,741   1,164,772   1,169,513 
Consumer loans
  360   171,300   171,660 
Other loans
  798   684,115   684,913 
Total
 $82,363  $5,510,391  $5,592,754 

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the carrying amount of LHFI individually evaluated for impairment consisted of the following ($ in thousands):
 

   
March 31, 2013
 
   
LHFI
       
   
Unpaid
  
With No Related
  
With an
  
Total
     
Average
 
   
Principal
  
Allowance
  
Allowance
  
Carrying
  
Related
  
Recorded
 
   
Balance
  
Recorded
  
Recorded
  
Amount
  
Allowance
  
Investment
 
                    
Loans secured by real estate:
                  
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $39,955  $10,483  $13,960  $24,443  $3,514  $25,774 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  35,509   2,461   24,688   27,149   1,117   27,131 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  20,528   7,976   9,904   17,880   2,170   18,085 
Other
  1,543   555   485   1,040   32   2,498 
Commercial and industrial loans
  11,629   2,100   6,953   9,053   3,584   6,897 
Consumer loans
  525   -   277   277   2   319 
Other loans
  3,586   50   3,430   3,480   594   2,139 
Total
 $113,275  $23,625  $59,697  $83,322  $11,013  $82,843 
 
   
December 31, 2012
 
   
LHFI
       
   
Unpaid
  
With No Related
  
With an
  
Total
     
Average
 
   
Principal
  
Allowance
  
Allowance
  
Carrying
  
Related
  
Recorded
 
   
Balance
  
Recorded
  
Recorded
  
Amount
  
Allowance
  
Investment
 
                    
Loans secured by real estate:
                  
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $46,558  $9,571  $17,534  $27,105  $4,992  $33,759 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  35,155   2,533   24,581   27,114   1,469   25,731 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  23,337   8,184   10,105   18,289   2,296   21,135 
Other
  6,036   566   3,390   3,956   760   4,914 
Commercial and industrial loans
  7,251   2,336   2,405   4,741   640   9,444 
Consumer loans
  624   -   360   360   5   592 
Other loans
  857   -   798   798   342   835 
Total
 $119,818  $23,190  $59,173  $82,363  $10,504  $96,410 

A troubled debt restructuring (TDR) occurs when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and for related economic or legal reasons, a concession is granted to the borrower that Trustmark would not otherwise consider. Whatever the form of a concession granted by Trustmark, the objective is to make the best of a difficult situation by obtaining more cash or other value from the borrower or by increasing the probability of receipt by granting the concession than by not granting it. Other concessions may arise from court proceedings or may be imposed by law. In addition, TDRs also include those credits that are extended or renewed to a borrower who is not able to obtain funds from sources other than Trustmark at a market interest rate for new debt with similar risk.

A formal TDR may include, but is not necessarily limited to, one or a combination of the following situations:

·
Trustmark accepts a third-party receivable or other asset(s) of the borrower, in lieu of the receivable from the borrower.
·
Trustmark accepts an equity interest in the borrower in lieu of the receivable.
·
Trustmark accepts modification of the terms of the debt including but not limited to:
o
Reduction of (absolute or contingent) the stated interest rate to below the current market rate.
o
Extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk.
o
Reduction (absolute or contingent) of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the note or other agreement.
o
Reduction (absolute or contingent) of accrued interest.

 
Troubled debt restructurings are addressed in Trustmark's loan policy, and in accordance with that policy, any modifications or concessions that may result in a TDR are subject to a special approval process which allows for control, identification, and monitoring of these arrangements. Prior to granting a concession, a revised borrowing arrangement is proposed which is structured so as to improve collectability of the loan in accordance with a reasonable repayment schedule with any loss promptly identified. It is supported by a thorough evaluation of the borrower's financial condition and prospects for repayment under those revised terms. Other TDRs arising from renewals or extensions of existing debt are routinely identified through the processes utilized in the Problem Loan Committees and in the Credit Quality Review Committee. All TDRs are subsequently reported to the Director Credit Policy Committee on a quarterly basis and are disclosed in Trustmark's consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP and regulatory reporting guidance.

All loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring are evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Topic 310. Accordingly, Trustmark measures any loss on the restructuring in accordance with that guidance. A TDR in which Trustmark receives physical possession of the borrower's assets, regardless of whether formal foreclosure or repossession proceedings take place, is accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 310-40, "Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors." Thus, the loan is treated as if assets have been received in satisfaction of the loan and reported as a foreclosed asset.

A TDR may be returned to accrual status if Trustmark is reasonably assured of repayment of principal and interest under the modified terms and the borrower has demonstrated sustained performance under those terms for a period of at least six months. Otherwise, the restructured loan must remain on nonaccrual.

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, LHFI classified as TDRs totaled $24.7 million and $24.3 million, respectively, and were primarily comprised of credits with interest-only payments for an extended period of time totaling $16.8 million and $21.6 million, respectively. The remaining TDRs at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 resulted from real estate loans discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy that were not reaffirmed or from payment or maturity extensions.

For TDRs, Trustmark had a related loan loss allowance of $4.0 million and $4.3 million at the end of each respective period. Specific charge-offs related to TDRs totaled $60 thousand and $563 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. LHFI that are TDRs are charged down to the most likely fair value estimate less an estimated cost to sell for collateral dependent loans, which would approximate net realizable value.
 
The following table illustrates the impact of modifications classified as TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 as well as those TDRs modified within the last 12 months for which there was a payment default during the period ($ in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
Number of Contracts
  
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
  
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  2   249   193 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  1   952   952 
Commercial and industrial
  2   944   937 
Other loans
  1   2,490   2,490 
Total
  6  $4,635  $4,572 

   
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
Number of Contracts
  
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
  
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Construction, land development and other land loans
  8  $3,611  $3,611 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  2   1,009   1,009 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  2   1,210   1,210 
Total
  12  $5,830  $5,830 

   
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
   
2013
  
2012
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings that Subsequently Defaulted
 
Number of Contracts
  
Recorded Investment
  
Number of Contracts
  
Recorded Investment
 
Construction, land development and other land loans
  4  $236   1  $299 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  19   1,506   3   1,382 
Total
  23  $1,742   4  $1,681 

Trustmark's TDRs have resulted primarily from allowing the borrower to pay interest-only for an extended period of time rather than from forgiveness. Accordingly, as shown above, these TDRs have a similar recorded investment for both the pre-modification and post-modification disclosure. Trustmark has utilized loans 90 days or more past due to define payment default in determining TDRs that have subsequently defaulted.
 
At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the following table details LHFI classified as TDRs by loan type ($ in thousands):

   
March 31, 2013
 
   
Accruing
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $231  $10,720  $10,951 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  1,163   5,528   6,691 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  -   3,454   3,454 
Other loans secured by real estate
  -   2,677   2,677 
Commercial and industrial
  -   936   936 
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings by Type
 $1,394  $23,315  $24,709 
              
   
December 31, 2012
 
   
Accruing
  
Nonaccrual
  
Total
 
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $233  $12,073  $12,306 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  1,280   5,908   7,188 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  -   4,582   4,582 
Other loans secured by real estate
  -   197   197 
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings by Type
 $1,513  $22,760  $24,273 

Credit Quality Indicators

Trustmark's loan portfolio credit quality indicators focus on six key quality ratios that are compared against bank tolerances. The loan indicators are total classified outstanding, total criticized outstanding, nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets, delinquencies and net loan losses. Due to the homogenous nature of consumer loans, Trustmark does not assign a formal internal risk rating to each credit and therefore the criticized and classified measures are unique to commercial loans.
 
In addition to monitoring portfolio credit quality indictors, Trustmark also measures how effectively the lending process is being managed and risks are being identified. As part of an ongoing monitoring process, Trustmark grades the commercial portfolio as it relates to credit file completion and financial statement exceptions, total policy exceptions, collateral exceptions and violations of law as shown below:

·
Credit File Completeness and Financial Statement Exceptions – evaluates the quality and condition of credit files in terms of content, completeness and organization and focuses on efforts to obtain and document sufficient information to determine the quality and status of credits. Also included is an evaluation of the systems/procedures used to insure compliance with policy such as financial statements, review memos and loan agreements.
·
Underwriting/Policy – evaluates whether credits are adequately analyzed, appropriately structured and properly approved within requirements of bank loan policy. A properly approved credit is approved by adequate authority in a timely manner with all conditions of approval fulfilled. Total policy exceptions measures the level of underwriting and other policy exceptions within a loan portfolio.
·
Collateral Documentation – focuses on the adequacy of documentation to support the obligation, perfect Trustmark's collateral position and protect collateral value. There are two parts to this measure:
ü
Collateral exceptions are where certain collateral documentation is either not present, is not considered current or has expired.
ü
90 days and over collateral exceptions are where certain collateral documentation is either not present, is not considered current or has expired and the exception has been identified in excess of 90 days.
·
Compliance with Law – focuses on underwriting, documentation, approval and reporting in compliance with banking laws and regulations. Primary emphasis is directed to Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) and Regulation O requirements.

Commercial Credits

Trustmark has established a loan grading system that consists of ten individual credit risk grades (risk ratings) that encompass a range from loans where the expectation of loss is negligible to loans where loss has been established. The model is based on the risk of default for an individual credit and establishes certain criteria to delineate the level of risk across the ten unique credit risk grades. Credit risk grade definitions are as follows:
 
·
Risk Rate (RR) 1 through RR 6 – Grades one through six represent groups of loans that are not subject to adverse criticism as defined in regulatory guidance. Loans in these groups exhibit characteristics that represent low to moderate risk measured by using a variety of credit risk criteria such as cash flow coverage, debt service coverage, balance sheet leverage, liquidity, management experience, industry position, prevailing economic conditions, support from secondary sources of repayment and other credit factors that may be relevant to a specific loan. In general, these loans are supported by properly margined collateral and guarantees of principal parties.
·
Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) (RR 7) – a loan that has a potential weakness that if not corrected will lead to a more severe rating. This rating is for credits that are currently protected but potentially weak because of an adverse feature or condition that if not corrected will lead to a further downgrade.
·
Substandard (RR 8) – a loan that has at least one identified weakness that is well defined. This rating is for credits where the primary sources of repayment are not viable at this time or where either the capital or collateral is not adequate to support the loan and the secondary means of repayment do not provide a sufficient level of support to offset the identified weakness. Loss potential exists in the aggregate amount of substandard loans but does not necessarily exist in individual loans.
·
Doubtful (RR 9) – a loan with an identified weakness that does not have a valid secondary source of repayment. Generally these credits have an impaired primary source of repayment and secondary sources are not sufficient to prevent a loss in the credit. The exact amount of the loss has not been determined at this time.
·
Loss (RR 10) – a loan or a portion of a loan that is deemed to be uncollectible.

By definition, credit risk grades OAEM (RR 7), substandard (RR 8), doubtful (RR 9) and loss (RR 10) are criticized loans while substandard (RR 8), doubtful (RR 9) and loss (RR 10) are classified loans. These definitions are standardized by all bank regulatory agencies and are generally equally applied to each individual lending institution. The remaining credit risk grades are considered pass credits and are solely defined by Trustmark.

The credit risk grades represent the probability of default (PD) for an individual credit and as such are not a direct indication of loss given default (LGD). The LGD aspect of the subject risk ratings is neither uniform across the nine primary commercial loan groups or constant between the geographic areas. To account for the variance in the LGD aspects of the risk rate system, the loss expectations for each risk rating is integrated into the allowance for loan loss methodology where the calculated LGD is allotted for each individual risk rating with respect to the individual loan group and unique geographic area. The LGD aspect of the reserve methodology is calculated each quarter as a component of the overall reserve factor for each risk grade by loan group and geographic area.

To enhance this process, loans of a certain size that are rated in one of the criticized categories are routinely reviewed to establish an expectation of loss, if any, and if such examination indicates that the level of reserve is not adequate to cover the expectation of loss, a special reserve or impairment is generally applied.

The distribution of the losses is accomplished by means of a loss distribution model that assigns a loss factor to each risk rating (1 to 9) in each commercial loan pool. A factor is not applied to risk rate 10 (Loss) as loans classified as Losses are not carried on the bank's books over quarter ends as they are charged off within the period that the loss is determined.
 
The expected loss distribution is spread across the various risk ratings by the perceived level of risk for loss. The nine grade scale above ranges from a negligible risk of loss to an identified loss across its breadth. The loss distribution factors are graduated through the scale on a basis proportional to the degree of risk that appears manifest in each individual rating and assumes that migration through the loan grading system will occur.

Each loan officer assesses the appropriateness of the internal risk rating assigned to their credits on an ongoing basis. Trustmark's Asset Review area conducts independent credit quality reviews of the majority of the bank's commercial loan portfolio concentrations both on the underlying credit quality of each individual loan portfolio as well as the adherence to bank loan policy and the loan administration process. In general, Asset Review conducts reviews of each lending area within a six to eighteen month window depending on the overall credit quality results of the individual area.

In addition to the ongoing internal risk rate monitoring described above, Trustmark conducts monthly credit quality reviews (CQR) for the credits described below, as well as semi-annual analysis and stress testing on all residential real estate development credits and non-owner occupied commercial real estate (CRE) credits of $1.0 million or more as described below:
 
·
Trustmark's Credit Quality Review Committee meets monthly and performs the following functions: detailed review and evaluation of all loans of $100 thousand or more that are either delinquent thirty days or more or on nonaccrual, including determination of appropriate risk ratings, accrual status, and appropriate servicing officer; review of risk rate changes for relationships of $100 thousand or more; quarterly review of all nonaccruals less than $100 thousand to determine whether the credit should be charged off, returned to accrual, or remain in nonaccrual status; monthly/quarterly review of continuous action plans for all credits rated seven or worse for relationships of $100 thousand or more; monthly review of all commercial charge-offs of $25 thousand or more for the preceding month.
 
·
Residential real estate developments - a development project analysis is performed on all projects regardless of size. Performance of the development is assessed through an evaluation of the number of lots remaining, the payout ratios, and the loan-to-value ratios. Results are stress tested as to absorption and price of lots. This information is reviewed by each senior credit officer for that market to determine the need for any risk rate or accrual status changes.
 
·
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate – a cash flow analysis is performed on all projects with an outstanding balance of $1.0 million or more. In addition, credits are stress tested for vacancies and rate sensitivity. Confirmation is obtained that guarantor financial statements are current, taxes have been paid, and that there are no other issues that need to be addressed. This information is reviewed by each senior credit officer for that market to determine the need for any risk rate or accrual status changes.

Consumer Credits

Loans that do not meet a minimum custom credit score are reviewed quarterly by Management. The Retail Credit Review Committee reviews the volume and percentage of approvals that did not meet the minimum passing custom score by region, individual location, and officer. To assure that Trustmark continues to originate quality loans, this process allows Management to make necessary changes such as revisions to underwriting procedures and credit policies, or changes in loan authority to Trustmark personnel.

Trustmark monitors the levels and severity of past due consumer loans on a daily basis through its collection activities. A detailed assessment of consumer loan delinquencies is performed monthly at both a product and market level by delivery channel, which incorporates the perceived level of risk at time of underwriting. Trustmark also monitors its consumer loan delinquency trends by comparing them to quarterly industry averages.
 
The table below illustrates the carrying amount of LHFI by credit quality indicator at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 ($ in thousands):

   
March 31, 2013
 
      
Commercial LHFI
 
      
Pass -
  
Special Mention -
  
Substandard -
  
Doubtful -
    
      
Categories 1-6
  
Category 7
  
Category 8
  
Category 9
  
Subtotal
 
Loans secured by real estate:
                  
Construction, land development and other land loans
    $360,197  $23,060  $59,289  $229  $442,775 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
     110,110   2,288   11,387   131   123,916 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
     1,279,133   12,323   92,932   313   1,384,701 
Other
     167,063   340   2,577   -   169,980 
Commercial and industrial loans
     1,131,149   41,159   32,776   1,545   1,206,629 
Consumer loans
     366   -   -   -   366 
Other loans
     676,708   50   4,327   756   681,841 
      $3,724,726  $79,220  $203,288  $2,974  $4,010,208 
                         
   
Consumer LHFI
     
      
Past Due
  
Past Due
             
   
Current
  
30-89 Days
  
90 Days or More
  
Nonaccrual
  
Subtotal
  
Total LHFI
 
Loans secured by real estate:
                       
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $41,948  $491  $-  $205  $42,644  $485,419 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  1,217,358   8,634   1,284   21,709   1,248,985   1,372,901 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  968   -   -   -   968   1,385,669 
Other
  4,533   147   -   20   4,700   174,680 
Commercial and industrial loans
  195   17   -   10   222   1,206,851 
Consumer loans
  157,200   2,183   228   276   159,887   160,253 
Other loans
  6,782   -   -   -   6,782   688,623 
   $1,428,984  $11,472  $1,512  $22,220  $1,464,188  $5,474,396 
 
   
December 31, 2012
 
      
Commercial LHFI
 
      
Pass -
  
Special Mention -
  
Substandard -
  
Doubtful -
    
      
Categories 1-6
  
Category 7
  
Category 8
  
Category 9
  
Subtotal
 
Loans secured by real estate:
                  
Construction, land development and other land loans
    $335,179  $23,812  $63,832  $143  $422,966 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
     110,333   1,012   13,303   432   125,080 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
     1,298,820   12,156   98,082   -   1,409,058 
Other
     178,790   444   5,768   -   185,002 
Commercial and industrial loans
     1,091,356   36,992   39,479   1,334   1,169,161 
Consumer loans
     404   -   -   -   404 
Other loans
     676,618   59   1,714   784   679,175 
      $3,691,500  $74,475  $222,178  $2,693  $3,990,846 
                         
  Consumer LHFI     
      
Past Due
  
Past Due
             
   
Current
  
30-89 Days
  
90 Days or More
  
Nonaccrual
  
Subtotal
  
Total LHFI
 
Loans secured by real estate:
                       
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $44,131  $1,109  $-  $769  $46,009  $468,975 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  1,339,000   10,332   2,630   20,438   1,372,400   1,497,480 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  1,206   -   -   -   1,206   1,410,264 
Other
  4,746   150   -   51   4,947   189,949 
Commercial and industrial loans
  313   29   -   10   352   1,169,513 
Consumer loans
  167,131   3,481   285   359   171,256   171,660 
Other loans
  5,738   -   -   -   5,738   684,913 
   $1,562,265  $15,101  $2,915  $21,627  $1,601,908  $5,592,754 

 
Past Due LHFI and Loans Held for Sale (LHFS)

LHFI past due 90 days or more totaled $2.8 million and $6.4 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The following table provides an aging analysis of past due and nonaccrual LHFI by class at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 ($ in thousands):
   
March 31, 2013
 
   
Past Due
          
      
90 Days
        
Current
    
   
30-89 Days
  
or More(1)
  
Total
  
Nonaccrual
  
Loans
  
Total LHFI
 
                    
Loans secured by real estate:
                  
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $3,700  $477  $4,177  $24,443  $456,799  $485,419 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  9,205   1,285   10,490   27,149   1,335,262   1,372,901 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  7,666   250   7,916   17,880   1,359,873   1,385,669 
Other
  546   1   547   1,040   173,093   174,680 
Commercial and industrial loans
  1,258   533   1,791   9,053   1,196,007   1,206,851 
Consumer loans
  2,184   227   2,411   277   157,565   160,253 
Other loans
  499   -   499   3,480   684,644   688,623 
Total
 $25,058  $2,773  $27,831  $83,322  $5,363,243  $5,474,396 
 
(1) - Past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest.

   
December 31, 2012
 
   
Past Due
          
      
90 Days
        
Current
    
   
30-89 Days
  
or More(1)
  
Total
  
Nonaccrual
  
Loans
  
Total LHFI
 
                    
Loans secured by real estate:
                  
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $4,957  $438  $5,395  $27,105  $436,475  $468,975 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  12,626   3,131   15,757   27,114   1,454,609   1,497,480 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  9,460   -   9,460   18,289   1,382,515   1,410,264 
Other
  172   -   172   3,956   185,821   189,949 
Commercial and industrial loans
  4,317   2,525   6,842   4,741   1,157,930   1,169,513 
Consumer loans
  3,480   284   3,764   360   167,536   171,660 
Other loans
  181   -   181   798   683,934   684,913 
Total
 $35,193  $6,378  $41,571  $82,363  $5,468,820  $5,592,754 

(1) - Past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest.

LHFS past due 90 days or more totaled $4.5 million and $43.1 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. LHFS past due 90 days or more are serviced loans eligible for repurchase, which are fully guaranteed by GNMA. GNMA optional repurchase programs allow financial institutions to buy back individual delinquent mortgage loans that meet certain criteria from the securitized loan pool for which the institution provides servicing. At the servicer's option and without GNMA's prior authorization, the servicer may repurchase such a delinquent loan for an amount equal to 100 percent of the remaining principal balance of the loan. This buy-back option is considered a conditional option until the delinquency criteria are met, at which time the option becomes unconditional. When Trustmark is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans under the unconditional buy-back option, the loans can no longer be reported as sold and must be brought back onto the balance sheet as loans held for sale, regardless of whether Trustmark intends to exercise the buy-back option. These loans are reported as held for sale with the offsetting liability being reported as short-term borrowings.

During the first quarter of 2013, Trustmark exercised its option to repurchase approximately $58.0 million delinquent loans serviced for GNMA. These loans were subsequently sold to a third party under different repurchase provisions. Trustmark retained the servicing for these loans, which are fully guaranteed by FHA/VA. As a result of this repurchase and sale, the loans are no longer carried as LHFS. The transaction resulted in a gain of $542 thousand, which is included in gain on sales of loans, net for the first three months of 2013. Trustmark did not exercise its buy-back option on any delinquent loans serviced for GNMA during the first three months of 2012.

Allowance for Loan Losses, LHFI

Trustmark's allowance for loan loss methodology for commercial loans is based upon regulatory guidance from its primary regulator and GAAP. The methodology segregates the commercial purpose and commercial construction loan portfolios into nine separate loan types (or pools) which have similar characteristics such as repayment, collateral and risk profiles. The nine basic loan pools are further segregated into Trustmark's five key market regions, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas, to take into consideration the uniqueness of each market. A 10-point risk rating system is utilized for each separate loan pool to apply a reserve factor consisting of quantitative and qualitative components to determine the needed allowance by each loan type. As a result, there are 450 risk rate factors for commercial loan types. The nine separate pools are shown below:
 
Commercial Purpose Loans
 
·
Real Estate – Owner Occupied
 
·
Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied
 
·
Working Capital
 
·
Non-Working Capital
 
·
Land
 
·
Lots and Development
 
·
Political Subdivisions

Commercial Construction Loans
·
1 to 4 Family
·
Non-1 to 4 Family

The quantitative factors of the allowance methodology reflect a twelve-quarter rolling average of net charge-offs, one quarter in arrears, by loan type within each key market region. This allows for a greater sensitivity to current trends, such as economic changes, as well as current loss profiles and creates a more accurate depiction of historical losses.

Qualitative factors used in the allowance methodology include the following:

·
National and regional economic trends and conditions
·
Impact of recent performance trends
·
Experience, ability and effectiveness of management
·
Adherence to Trustmark's loan policies, procedures and internal controls
·
Collateral, financial and underwriting exception trends
·
Credit concentrations
·
Acquisitions
·
Catastrophe

Each qualitative factor is converted to a scale ranging from 0 (No risk) to 100 (High Risk), other than the last two factors, which are applied on a dollar-for-dollar basis to ensure that the combination of such factors is proportional. The resulting ratings from the individual factors are weighted and summed to establish the weighted average qualitative factor of a specific loan portfolio within each key market region. This weighted average qualitative factor is then distributed over the nine primary loan pools within each key market region based on the ranking by risk of each.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, Trustmark revised the quantitative portion of the allowance for loan loss methodology for consumer and residential LHFI. Trustmark converted the historical loss factor from a 20-quarter net charge-off rolling average to a 12-quarter rolling average and developed a separate reserve for junior liens on 1-4 family LHFI. The change in quantitative methodology allows the bank to more readily correlate portfolio risk to the current market environment as the impact of more recent experience is emphasized. This change also allows for a greater sensitivity to current trends such as economic and performance changes, which includes current loss profiles and creates a more accurate depiction of historical losses. Loans and lines of credit secured by junior liens on 1-4 family residential properties are being reserved for separately in light of continued uncertainty in the economy and the housing market in particular. An additional provision of approximately $1.4 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2012 as a result of this revision to the quantitative portion of the allowance for loan loss methodology for consumer and residential LHFI.

The allowance for loan loss methodology segregates the consumer loan portfolio into homogeneous pools of loans that contain similar structure, repayment, collateral and risk profiles. These homogeneous pools of loans are shown below:

·
Residential Mortgage
·
Direct Consumer
·
Auto Finance
·
Junior Lien on 1-4 Family Residential Properties
·
Credit Cards
·
Overdrafts
 
The historical loss experience for these pools is determined by calculating a 12-quarter rolling average of net charge-offs, which is applied to each pool to establish the quantitative aspect of the methodology. Where, in Management's estimation, the calculated loss experience does not fully cover the anticipated loss for a pool, an estimate is also applied to each pool to establish the qualitative aspect of the methodology, which represents the perceived risks across the loan portfolio at the current point in time. This qualitative methodology utilizes five separate factors made up of unique components that when weighted and combined produce an estimated level of reserve for each of the loan pools. The five qualitative factors include the following:

·
Economic indicators
·
Performance trends
·
Management experience
·
Lending policy measures
·
Credit concentrations

The risk measure for each factor is converted to a scale ranging from 0 (No risk) to 100 (High Risk) to ensure that the combination of such factors is proportional. The determination of the risk measurement for each qualitative factor is done for all markets combined. The resulting estimated reserve factor is then applied to each pool.

The resulting ratings from the individual factors are weighted and summed to establish the weighted average qualitative factor of a specific loan portfolio. This weighted average qualitative factor is then applied over the six loan pools.

Changes in the allowance for loan losses, LHFI were as follows ($ in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
   
2013
  
2012
 
Balance at January 1,
 $78,738  $89,518 
Loans charged-off
  (3,325)  (5,376)
Recoveries
  4,455   3,444 
Net recoveries (charge-offs)
  1,130   (1,932)
Provision for loan losses, LHFI
  (2,968)  3,293 
Balance at March 31,
 $76,900  $90,879 
 
The following tables detail the balance in the allowance for loan losses, LHFI by portfolio segment at March 31, 2013 and 2012 ($ in thousands):
 
   
2013
 
   
Balance
        
Provision for
  
Balance
 
   
January 1,
  
Charge-offs
  
Recoveries
  
Loan Losses
  
March 31,
 
Loans secured by real estate:
               
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $21,838  $(297) $-  $(1,964) $19,577 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  12,957   (209)  59   (1,083)  11,724 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  21,096   (168)  -   (896)  20,032 
Other
  2,197   (910)  -   53   1,340 
Commercial and industrial loans
  14,319   (40)  2,031   1,360   17,670 
Consumer loans
  3,087   (634)  1,451   (876)  3,028 
Other loans
  3,244   (1,067)  914   438   3,529 
Total allowance for loan losses, LHFI
 $78,738  $(3,325) $4,455  $(2,968) $76,900 
                      
           
Disaggregated by Impairment Method
 
           
Individually
 
Collectively
  
Total
 
Loans secured by real estate:
                    
Construction, land development and other land loans
         $3,514  $16,063  $19,577 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
          1,117   10,607   11,724 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
          2,170   17,862   20,032 
Other
          32   1,308   1,340 
Commercial and industrial loans
          3,584   14,086   17,670 
Consumer loans
          2   3,026   3,028 
Other loans
          594   2,935   3,529 
Total allowance for loan losses, LHFI
         $11,013  $65,887  $76,900 
 
   
2012
 
   
Balance
        
Provision for
  
Balance
 
   
January 1,
  
Charge-offs
  
Recoveries
  
Loan Losses
  
March 31,
 
Loans secured by real estate:
               
Construction, land development and other land loans
 $27,220  $(1,526) $-  $21  $25,715 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
  12,650   (716)  208   598   12,740 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
  24,358   (127)  -   3,653   27,884 
Other
  3,079   (234)  -   176   3,021 
Commercial and industrial loans
  15,868   (331)  821   (320)  16,038 
Consumer loans
  3,656   (1,038)  1,352   (766)  3,204 
Other loans
  2,687   (1,404)  1,063   (69)  2,277 
Total allowance for loan losses, LHFI
 $89,518  $(5,376) $3,444  $3,293  $90,879 
                      
           
Disaggregated by Impairment Method
 
           
Individually
 
Collectively
  
Total
 
Loans secured by real estate:
                    
Construction, land development and other land loans
         $5,963  $19,752  $25,715 
Secured by 1-4 family residential properties
          1,240   11,500   12,740 
Secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties
          5,443   22,441   27,884 
Other
          1,002   2,019   3,021 
Commercial and industrial loans
          1,168   14,870   16,038 
Consumer loans
          7   3,197   3,204 
Other loans
          65   2,212   2,277 
Total allowance for loan losses, LHFI
         $14,888  $75,991  $90,879