At December 31, 2023 and 2022, deposits consisted of the following ($ in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	3,197,620	$	4,093,771
Interest-bearing demand		4,947,626		4,773,219
Savings		4,047,853		4,282,435
Time		3,376,664		1,288,223
Total	$	15,569,763	$	14,437,648

Interest expense on deposits by type consisted of the following for the periods presented ($ in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Interest-bearing demand	$	121,138	$	16,409	$	4,906
Savings		28,605		9,654		7,912
Time		96,208		3,006		4,127
Total	$	245,951	$	29,069	$	16,945

Time deposits that exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250 thousand totaled $822.4 million and $247.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The maturities of interest-bearing deposits at December 31, 2023, are as follows ($ in thousands):


2024	$	3,199,607
2025		142,607
2026		19,632
2027		7,433
2028		5,503
Thereafter		1,882
Total time deposits		3,376,664
Interest-bearing deposits with no stated maturity		8,995,479
Total interest-bearing deposits	$	12,372,143