Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

(6) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the value that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities:

Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined utilizing an independent pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows. This results in a Level 2 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Interest and dividend income is recorded on the accrual method and is included in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the respective investment class under total interest and dividend income. The Company does not have any securities that would be designated as Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. This results in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Individually Evaluated Loans: Periodically the Company records non-recurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans.  Non-recurring adjustments can also include certain adjustments for collateral-dependent loans to adjust balances to fair value and generally have had a charge-off through the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. When obtained, non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Loans individually evaluated are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Indications of value for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are obtained from third party providers or the Company’s internal Appraisal Department. All indications of value are reviewed for reasonableness by a member of the Appraisal Department for the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value via comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under ASC 820 on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Fair Value Measurements at
	March 31, 2026 Using:
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
			Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(dollars in thousands)	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	14,887	$	-	$	14,887	$	-
State and political subdivisions		9		-		9		-
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		205,209		-		205,209		-
Corporate bonds		69,137		-		69,137		-
Small Business Administration- guaranteed participation securities		10,796		-		10,796		-
Other securities		708		-		708		-
Total securities available for sale	$	300,746	$	-	$	300,746	$	-

	Fair Value Measurements at
	December 31, 2025 Using:
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other		Significant
			Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(dollars in thousands)	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Securities available for sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	31,772	$	-	$	31,772	$	-
State and political subdivisions		9		-		9		-
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		206,290		-		206,290		-
Corporate bonds		59,932		-		59,932		-
Small Business Administration- guaranteed participation securities		11,710		-		11,710		-
Other securities		705		-		705		-
Total securities available for sale	$	310,418	$	-	$	310,418	$	-

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

Fair Value Measurements at

March 31, 2026 Using:

Significant

Quoted Prices in

Other

Significant

Active Markets for

Observable

Unobservable

Carrying

Identical Assets

Inputs

Inputs

(dollars in thousands)

Value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Valuation technique

Unobservable inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Other real estate owned

$

1,364

$

-

$

-

$

1,364

Sales comparison approach

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

0% - 58% (29

%)

Individually evaluated loans:

Commercial

157

-

-

157

Sales comparison approach

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

0% - 52% (26

%)

Fair Value Measurements at

December 31, 2025 Using:

Significant

Quoted Prices in

Other

Significant

Active Markets for

Observable

Unobservable

Carrying

Identical Assets

Inputs

Inputs

(dollars in thousands)

Value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Valuation technique

Unobservable inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Other real estate owned

$

1,394

$

-

$

-

$

1,394

Sales comparison approach

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

0% - 58% (29

%)

Individually evaluated loans:

Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family

86

-

-

86

Sales comparison approach

Adjustments for differences between comparable sales

0% - 52% (26

%)

Other real estate owned, that is carried at fair value less costs to sell was approximately $1.4 million as of March 31, 2026 and consisted of residential and commercial real estate properties.  A valuation charge of $30 thousand is included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Of the total individually evaluated loans of $26.4 million as of March 31, 2026, there were commercial loans that were collateral dependent and were carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis.  Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no individually analyzed reserves for these loans as of March 31, 2026. The carrying balances of these loans were $176 thousand and there were $19 thousand in charge-offs related to commercial loans included in the table above as of March 31, 2026.

Other real estate owned, which is carried at fair value less costs to sell, was approximately $1.4 million at December 31, 2025, and consisted of residential and commercial real estate properties.   A valuation charge of $547 thousand is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Of the total individually evaluated loans of $25.8 million at December 31, 2025, there were real estate mortgage loans that were collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis.  Due to the sufficiency of charge-offs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no individually analyzed reserves for these loans at December 31, 2025.  The carrying balances of these loans were $185 thousand and there were $99 thousand in charge-offs related to real estate mortgage loans included in the table above as of December 31, 2025.

In accordance with FASB Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at
	Carrying		March 31, 2026 Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	768,108	$	768,108	$	-	$	-	$	768,108
Securities available for sale		300,746				300,746		-		300,746
Held to maturity securities		4,097		-		4,134		-		4,134
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		6,601		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans		5,237,184		-		-		4,865,671		4,865,671
Accrued interest receivable		14,684		789		1,531		12,363		14,683
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits		811,637		811,637		-		-		811,637
Interest bearing deposits		4,840,716		2,591,599		2,242,398		-		4,833,997
Short-term borrowings		112,930		-		112,930		-		112,930
Accrued interest payable		3,781		141		3,640		-		3,781

(dollars in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at
	Carrying		December 31, 2025 Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	730,427	$	730,427	$	-	$	-	$	730,427
Securities available for sale		310,418		-		310,418		-		310,418
Held to maturity securities		4,339		-		4,389		-		4,389
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		6,601		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans		5,200,255		-		-		4,803,366		4,803,366
Accrued interest receivable		13,828		325		1,266		12,237		13,828
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits		814,908		814,908		-		-		814,908
Interest bearing deposits		4,742,509		2,604,094		2,132,833		-		4,736,927
Short-term borrowings		120,054		-		120,054		-		120,054
Accrued interest payable		3,646		159		3,487		-		3,646