(6) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements (ASC 820) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the value that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities:

Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined utilizing an independent pricing service for identical assets or significantly similar securities. The pricing service uses a variety of techniques to arrive at fair value including market maker bids, quotes and pricing models. Inputs to the pricing models include recent trades, benchmark interest rates, spreads and actual and projected cash flows. This results in a Level 2 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Interest and dividend income is recorded on the accrual method and is included in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the respective investment class under total interest and dividend income. The Company does not have any securities that would be designated as Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. This results in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Impaired Loans: At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally have had a chargeoff through the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. When obtained, non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Indications of value for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are obtained from third party providers or the Company’s internal Appraisal Department. All indications of value are reviewed for reasonableness by a member of the Appraisal Department for the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value via comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under ASC 820 on a recurring basis are summarized below:

	Fair Value Measurements at
	March 31, 2019 Using:
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Securities available for sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	148,292	$	-	$	148,292	$	-
State and political subdivisions		172		-		172		-
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		312,946		-		312,946		-
Corporate bonds		30,258		-		30,258		-
Small Business Administration- guaranteed participation securities		54,113		-		54,113		-
Other securities		685		-		685		-

Total securities available for sale	$	546,466	$	-	$	546,466	$	-

	Fair Value Measurements at
	December 31, 2018 Using:
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

Securities available for sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	152,160	$	-	$	152,160	$	-
State and political subdivisions		173		-		173		-
Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations - residential		262,032		-		262,032		-
Corporate bonds		29,938		-		29,938		-
Small Business Administration- guaranteed participation securities		56,475		-		56,475		-
Other securities		685		-		685		-

Total securities available for sale	$	501,463	$	-	$	501,463	$	-

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

	Fair Value Measurements at
	March 31, 2019 Using:
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Range (Weighted Average)

Other real estate owned	$	1,261	$	-	$	-	$	1,261	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments for differences between comparable sales		1% - 14% (7	%)

Impaired loans:
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family		439		-		-		439	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments for differences between comparable sales		5% - 14% (10	%)

	Fair Value Measurements at
	December 31, 2018 Using:
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Range (Weighted Average)

Other real estate owned	$	1,675	$	-	$	-	$	1,675	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments for differences between comparable sales		1% - 14% (7	%)

Impaired loans:
Real estate mortgage - 1 to 4 family		459		-		-		459	Sales comparison approach	Adjustments for differences between comparable sales		5% - 14% (10	%)

Other real estate owned, that is carried at fair value less costs to sell was approximately $1.3 million at March 31, 2019 and consisted of $560 thousand of commercial real estate and $703 thousand of residential real estate properties. Valuation charges of $140 thousand are included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Of the total impaired loans of $21.2 million at March 31, 2019, $439 thousand of residential mortgages are collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis. Due to the sufficiency of chargeoffs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no specific valuation allowances for these loans at March 31, 2019. Gross chargeoffs related to residential impaired loans included in the table above were $19 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Other real estate owned, that is carried at fair value less costs to sell, was approximately $1.7 million at December 31, 2018 and consisted of $560 thousand of commercial real estate and $1.1 million of residential real estate properties. A valuation charge of $769 thousand is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Of the total impaired loans of $22.3 million at December 31, 2018, $459 thousand are collateral dependent and are carried at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis. Due to the sufficiency of chargeoffs taken on these loans and the adequacy of the underlying collateral, there were no specific valuation allowances for these loans at December 31, 2018. Gross chargeoffs related to residential impaired loans included in the table above amounted to $67 thousand at December 31, 2018.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values (represents exit price) of financial instruments, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at
	Carrying		March 31, 2019 Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	619,187		619,187		-		-		619,187
Securities available for sale		546,466		-		546,466		-		546,466
Held to maturity securities		21,609		-		22,283		-		22,283
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal
Home Loan Bank stock		8,953		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans		3,861,153		-		-		3,781,951		3,781,951
Accrued interest receivable		11,354		149		2,214		8,991		11,354
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits		408,417		408,417		-		-		408,417
Interest bearing deposits		4,004,652		2,583,471		1,415,390		-		3,998,861
Short-term borrowings		159,778		-		159,778		-		159,778
Accrued interest payable		1,472		176		1,296		-		1,472

(dollars in thousands)			Fair Value Measurements at
	Carrying		December 31, 2018 Using:
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	503,709		503,709		-		-		503,709
Securities available for sale		501,463		-		501,463		-		501,463
Held to maturity securities		22,501		-		22,924		-		22,924
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal
Home Loan Bank stock		8,953		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Net loans		3,829,330		-		-		3,753,966		3,753,966
Accrued interest receivable		11,341		353		2,371		8,617		11,341
Financial liabilities:
Demand deposits		405,069		405,069		-		-		405,069
Interest bearing deposits		3,869,178		2,594,672		1,264,772		-		3,859,444
Short-term borrowings		161,893		-		161,893		-		161,893
Accrued interest payable		1,024		104		920		-		1,024