Note 16 - Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

16. Income Taxes

The total income tax expense for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022 was $29.3 million and $58.4 million, respectively. The expense was primarily due to federal and state tax expense recorded as a result of our pretax income. The federal tax expense is not paid in cash as it is offset by the use of our existing NOL carryforwards.

The total income tax expense for the three months ended July 31, 2021 was $14.1 million. The federal tax expense was primarily related to pretax income generated during the quarter and state tax expense from income generated in states where we do not have net operating loss carryforwards to offset the current year income. The total tax benefit for the nine months ended July 31, 2021 was $442.9 million.  The benefit was primarily due to the reversal of a substantial portion of our valuation allowance previously recorded against our deferred tax assets.

Our federal net operating losses of $1.0 billion expire between 2029 and 2038, and $15.7 million have an indefinite carryforward period. Of our $2.4 billion of state NOLs, $229.8 million expire between 2022 through 2026; $1.5 billion expire between 2027 through 2031; $396.5 million expire between 2032 through 2036; $170.4 million expire between 2037 through 2041; and $53.9 million have an indefinite carryforward period.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was enacted and signed into U.S. law to provide additional economic relief in response to the high cost of prescription drugs, healthcare availability, climate change and inflation. We are currently evaluating the impact of the IRA on the Company's consolidated financial statements but do not expect there will be a material impact. We will continue to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and various state agencies.

The Company recognizes deferred income taxes for deferred tax benefits arising from NOL carryforwards and temporary differences between book and tax income which will be recognized in future years as an offset against future taxable income. A valuation allowance is provided to offset deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Future realization of deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character. Sources of taxable income include future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income, taxable income in prior carryback years if permitted under the tax law, and tax planning strategies. Management has determined that it is more likely than not that sufficient taxable income will be generated in the future to realize its deferred tax assets except for a portion related to state deferred tax assets. The Company’s deferred tax assets as of July 31, 2022 were $376.6 million.

As of October 31, 2020, we had a valuation allowance of $396.5 million of federal deferred tax assets related to NOLs, as well as other matters, all of which was reversed during the year ended October 31, 2021. We also had a valuation allowance of $181.0 million of deferred tax assets related to state NOLs as of October 31, 2020, of which $78.1 million was reversed in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and $101.6 million remained at October 31, 2021.

As of July 31, 2022, we considered all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, our valuation allowance for our deferred state income tax assets ("DTAs") was appropriate in accordance with ASC 740. Overall the positive evidence, both objective and subjective, outweighed the negative evidence. The significant positive improvement in our operations in the last 36 months, coupled with our contract backlog of $1.8 billion as of July 31, 2022 provided positive evidence to support the conclusion that a full valuation allowance is not necessary for all of our DTAs. As such, we used our go forward projections to estimate our usage of our existing federal and state DTAs. From that review, we concluded that a valuation allowance for our federal DTAs was not needed. However, with respect to our state DTAs, we concluded that a valuation allowance of $80.6 million was still necessary related to states that have shorter carryforward periods or from states where we have significantly reduced or eliminated our operations and thus are not able to project that we will fully utilize those DTAs.