10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended APRIL 30, 2020

OR

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission file number 1-8551

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

22-1851059 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

90 Matawan Road, 5th Floor, Matawan, NJ 07747 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

732-747-7800 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

N/A (Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock $0.01 par value per share	HOV	New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights(1)	N/A	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares each representing 1/1,000th of a share of 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock	HOVNP	Nasdaq Global Market

(1) Each share of Common Stock includes an associated Preferred Stock Purchase Right. Each Preferred Stock Purchase Right initially represents the right, if such Preferred Stock Purchase Right becomes exercisable, to purchase from the Company one ten-thousandth of a share of its Series B Junior Preferred Stock for each share of Common Stock. The Preferred Stock Purchase Rights currently cannot trade separately from the underlying Common Stock.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐ Accelerated Filer ☒  Nonaccelerated Filer ☐   Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 5,507,171 shares of Class A Common Stock and 624,485 shares of Class B Common Stock were outstanding as of June 1, 2020.

1

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.  

FORM 10-Q  

INDEX	PAGE NUMBER
PART I.  Financial Information
Item l.  Financial Statements:
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019	4
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity Deficit (unaudited) for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9
Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	57
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures	57
PART II.  Other Information
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings	58
Item 1A. Risk Factors	58
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	59
Item 6.  Exhibits	60
Signatures	62

2

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands)

	April 30,		October 31,
	2020		2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Homebuilding:
Cash and cash equivalents	$232,801		$130,976
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	16,052		20,905
Inventories:
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	1,009,313		993,647
Land and land options held for future development or sale	80,955		108,565
Consolidated inventory not owned	198,229		190,273
Total inventories	1,288,497		1,292,485
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures	139,347		127,038
Receivables, deposits and notes, net	32,728		44,914
Property, plant and equipment, net	19,453		20,127
Prepaid expenses and other assets	65,391		45,704
Total homebuilding	1,794,269		1,682,149
Financial services	111,302		199,275
Total assets	$1,905,571		$1,881,424
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Homebuilding:
Nonrecourse mortgages secured by inventory, net of debt issuance costs	$211,761		$203,585
Accounts payable and other liabilities	295,927		320,193
Customers’ deposits	35,127		35,872
Liabilities from inventory not owned, net of debt issuance costs	144,536		141,033
Senior notes and credit facilities (net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs)	1,583,507		1,479,990
Accrued interest	36,452		19,081
Total homebuilding	2,307,310		2,199,754
Financial services	90,417		169,145
Income taxes payable	2,917		2,301
Total liabilities	2,400,644		2,371,200
Equity:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. stockholders’ equity deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 100,000 shares; issued and outstanding 5,600 shares with a liquidation preference of $140,000 at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019	135,299		135,299
Common stock, Class A, $0.01 par value – authorized 16,000,000 shares; issued 5,977,601 shares at April 30, 2020 and 5,973,727 shares at October 31, 2019	60		60
Common stock, Class B, $0.01 par value (convertible to Class A at time of sale) – authorized 2,400,000 shares; issued 652,154 shares at April 30, 2020 and 650,363 shares at October 31, 2019	7		7
Paid in capital – common stock	715,243		715,504
Accumulated deficit	(1,231,042	)	(1,225,973	)
Treasury stock – at cost – 470,430 shares of Class A common stock and 27,669 shares of Class B common stock at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019	(115,360	)	(115,360	)
Total Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. stockholders' equity deficit	(495,793	)	(490,463	)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures	720		687
Total equity deficit	(495,073	)	(489,776	)
Total liabilities and equity	$1,905,571		$1,881,424

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

3

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands Except Per Share Data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of homes	$523,347		$427,552		$1,002,580		$789,687
Land sales and other revenues	643		832		1,452		9,683
Total homebuilding	523,990		428,384		1,004,032		799,370
Financial services	14,361		12,307		28,375		21,915
Total revenues	538,351		440,691		1,032,407		821,285
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of sales, excluding interest	428,027		355,477		824,382		660,404
Cost of sales interest	18,589		13,898		36,725		24,140
Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs	1,010		1,462		3,838		2,166
Total cost of sales	447,626		370,837		864,945		686,710
Selling, general and administrative	40,605		44,179		81,279		86,915
Total homebuilding expenses	488,231		415,016		946,224		773,625
Financial services	9,630		8,678		19,184		17,152
Corporate general and administrative	15,275		16,169		35,019		33,833
Other interest	26,869		22,663		51,872		44,936
Other operations	214		329		408		571
Total expenses	540,219		462,855		1,052,707		870,117
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt	(174	)	-		9,282		-
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures	6,221		7,252		7,761		16,814
Income (loss) before income taxes	4,179		(14,912	)	(3,257	)	(32,018	)
State and federal income tax provision:
State	100		345		1,812		691
Federal	-		-		-		-
Total income taxes	100		345		1,812		691
Net income (loss)	$4,079		$(15,257	)	$(5,069	)	$(32,709	)
Per share data:
Basic:
Net income (loss) per common share	$0.63		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding	6,172		5,962		6,166		5,960
Assuming dilution:
Net income (loss) per common share	$0.60		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding	6,432		5,962		6,166		5,960

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

4

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY DEFICIT

SIX MONTH PERIOD ENDED APRIL 30, 2020

(In Thousands Except Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	A Common Stock		B Common Stock			Preferred Stock
	Shares		Shares			Shares								Non
	Issued and		Issued and			Issued and		Paid-In		Accumulated		Treasury		controlling
	Outstanding	Amount	Outstanding		Amount	Outstanding	Amount	Capital		Deficit		Stock		Interest	Total
Balance, October 31, 2019	5,503,297	$60	622,694		$7	5,600	$135,299	$715,504		$(1,225,973	)	$(115,360	)	$687	$(489,776	)
Stock options, amortization and issuances								162							162
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures	3,000		1,796					(330	)						(330	)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	4		(4	)											-
Changes in noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures														13	13
Net (loss)										(9,148	)				(9,148	)
Balance January 31, 2020	5,506,301	$60	624,486		$7	5,600	$135,299	$715,336		$(1,235,121	)	$(115,360	)	$700	$(499,079	)
Stock options, amortization and issuances								96							96
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures	869							(189	)						(189	)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	1		(1	)											-
Changes in noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures														20	20
Net income										4,079					4,079
Balance, April 30, 2020	5,507,171	$60	624,485		$7	5,600	$135,299	$715,243		$(1,231,042	)	$(115,360	)	$720	$(495,073	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

5

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY DEFICIT

SIX MONTH PERIOD ENDED APRIL 30, 2019

(In Thousands Except Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	A Common Stock		B Common Stock			Preferred Stock
	Shares		Shares			Shares							Non
	Issued and		Issued and			Issued and		Paid-In	Accumulated		Treasury		controlling
	Outstanding	Amount	Outstanding		Amount	Outstanding	Amount	Capital	Deficit		Stock		Interest	Total
Balance, October 31, 2018	5,313,428	$58	622,004		$6	5,600	$135,299	$710,349	$(1,183,856	)	$(115,360	)	$-	$(453,504	)
Stock options, amortization and issuances								107						107
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures	2,830		922					485						485
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	20		(20	)										-
Net (loss)									(17,452	)				(17,452	)
Balance January 31, 2019	5,316,278	$58	622,906		$6	5,600	$135,299	$710,941	$(1,201,308	)	$(115,360	)	$-	$(470,364	)
Stock options, amortization and issuances								108						108
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures								468						468
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	118		(118	)										-
Changes in noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures													566	566
Net (loss)									(15,257	)				(15,257	)
Balance, April 30, 2019	5,316,396	$58	622,788		$6	5,600	$135,299	$711,517	$(1,216,565	)	$(115,360	)	$566	$(484,479	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited). 

6

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss)	$(5,069	)	$(32,709	)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	2,542		1,938
Compensation from stock options and awards	(204	)	1,191
Amortization of bond discounts, premiums and deferred financing costs	1,442		3,880
Gain on sale and retirement of property and assets	(24	)	(12	)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures	(7,761	)	(16,814	)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures	14,935		6,917
Gain on extinguishment of debt	(9,282	)	-
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint venture	33		(28	)
Inventory impairment and land option write-offs	3,838		2,166
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Origination of mortgage loans	(562,842	)	(435,012	)
Sale of mortgage loans	653,979		474,457
Receivables, prepaids, deposits and other assets	17,345		4,712
Inventories	150		(192,059	)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
State income tax payable	616		(1,244	)
Customers’ deposits	(745	)	7,867
Accounts payable, accrued interest and other accrued liabilities	(29,234	)	(24,119	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	79,719		(198,869	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property and assets	31		16
Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets and acquisitions	(1,867	)	(1,956	)
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures	(19,924	)	(7,727	)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures	441		5,756
Net cash used in investing activities	(21,319	)	(3,911	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgages and notes	139,861		171,045
Payments related to mortgages and notes	(132,352	)	(74,696	)
Proceeds from model sale leaseback financing programs	3,307		14,905
Payments related to model sale leaseback financing programs	(11,606	)	(6,627	)
Proceeds from land bank financing programs	48,260		61,155
Payments related to land bank financing programs	(36,839	)	(8,765	)
Proceeds from partner contribution to consolidated joint ventures	-		594
Net payments related to mortgage warehouse lines of credit	(80,813	)	(36,606	)
Net borrowings from senior secured revolving credit facility	125,000		-
Proceeds from senior secured notes, net of discount	-		21,348
Deferred financing costs from land bank financing program and note issuances	(12,117	)	(3,962	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	42,701		138,391
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents	101,101		(64,389	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents balance, beginning of period	182,266		232,992
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents balance, end of period	$283,367		$168,603

7

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands - Unaudited)

(Continued)

	Six Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020	2019
Supplemental disclosures of cash flows:
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements)	$35,780	$43,840
Cash paid for income taxes	$1,266	$1,936
Reconciliation of Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Homebuilding: Cash and cash equivalents	$232,801	$123,998
Homebuilding: Restricted cash and cash equivalents	16,052	17,223
Financial Services: Cash and cash equivalents, included in Financial services assets	4,787	5,424
Financial Services: Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in Financial services assets	29,727	21,958
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$283,367	$168,603

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:

In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we recorded a beginning right-of-use asset of $23.3 million and a right-of-use lease liability of $24.4 million. 

In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, K. Hovnanian, the issuer of our notes, completed a debt for debt exchange whereby it issued $158.5 million aggregate principal amount of 10.0% 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 in exchange for $23.2 million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 10.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 and $141.7 million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2024. K. Hovnanian also exchanged $163.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its unsecured term loans for $81.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.75 Lien secured term loans made under a new Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2020, K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes, completed a debt for debt exchange whereby it issued $59.1 million aggregate principal amount of 11.25% 1.5 Lien Notes due 2026 in exchange for $59.1 million aggregate principal amount of 10.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 Notes.

See Note 12 for further information.

8

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED

1. Basis of Presentation

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (“HEI”) conducts all of its homebuilding and financial services operations through its subsidiaries (references herein to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to HEI and its consolidated subsidiaries and should be understood to reflect the consolidated business of HEI’s subsidiaries). HEI has reportable segments consisting of six Homebuilding segments (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Southeast, Southwest and West) and the Financial Services segment (see Note 17).

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include HEI's accounts and those of all of its consolidated subsidiaries after elimination of all of its significant intercompany balances and transactions. Noncontrolling interest represents the proportionate equity interest in a consolidated joint venture that is not 100% owned by the Company. One of HEI's subsidiaries owns a 99% controlling interest in the consolidated joint venture, and therefore HEI is required to consolidate the joint venture within its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The 1% that we do not own is accounted for as noncontrolling interest. 

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, and accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. In the opinion of management, all adjustments for interim periods presented have been made, which include normal recurring accruals and deferrals necessary for a fair presentation of our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and these differences could have a significant impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results which might be expected for a full year.  

2. Stock Compensation

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, the Company’s total stock-based compensation income was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, net of expense of $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, as a result of the cancellation of certain market stock units awards based on performance conditions which were not met and a reduction in certain long-term incentive program shares with respect to which performance conditions are no longer expected to meet target. The Company’s total stock-based compensation expense was $0.6 million and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively. Included in total stock-based compensation expense was the vesting of stock options of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively.

9

3. Interest

Interest costs incurred, expensed and capitalized were:

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	April 30,		April 30,
(In thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019
Interest capitalized at beginning of period	$67,879	$74,455	$71,264	$68,117
Plus interest incurred(1)	45,323	41,383	89,657	80,236
Less cost of sales interest expensed	18,589	13,898	36,725	24,140
Less other interest expensed(2)(3)	26,869	22,663	51,872	44,936
Less interest contributed to unconsolidated joint venture(4)	-	-	4,580	-
Interest capitalized at end of period(5)	$67,744	$79,277	$67,744	$79,277

(1)

Data does not include interest incurred by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries.

(2)

Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(3) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Other interest expensed	$26,869		$22,663		$51,872		$44,936
Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries	509		514		1,279		1,203
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest	(5,553	)	(19,776	)	(17,371	)	(2,299	)
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest	$21,825		$3,401		$35,780		$43,840

(4)	Represents capitalized interest which was included as part of the assets contributed to the joint venture the Company entered into in December 2019, as discussed in Note 18. There was no impact to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as a result of this transaction.
(5)	Capitalized interest amounts are shown gross before allocating any portion of impairments, if any, to capitalized interest.

4. Reduction of Inventory to Fair Value

We record impairment losses on inventories related to communities under development and held for future development when events and circumstances indicate that they may be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their related carrying amounts. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then the community is written down to its fair value. We estimate the fair value of each impaired community by determining the present value of the estimated future cash flows at a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the respective community. In the first half of fiscal 2020, we did not record any impairment losses. For the six months ended April 30, 2019, our discount rate used for the impairments recorded ranged from 18.0% to 18.3%. Should the estimates or expectations used in determining cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we may need to recognize additional impairments. 

During the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, we evaluated inventories of all 374 and 398 communities under development and held for future development or sale, respectively, for impairment indicators through preparation and review of detailed budgets or other market indicators of impairment. We performed undiscounted future cash flow analyses during the six months ended April 30, 2020 for one of those communities (i.e., it had a projected operating loss or other impairment indicators), with an aggregate carrying value of $0.6 million. As a result of our undiscounted future cash flow analyses, the community did not require a discounted cash flow analysis to be performed and therefore, no impairment loss was recorded for the six months ended April 30, 2020. We performed undiscounted future cash flow analyses during the six months ended April 30, 2019 for six of the 398 communities (i.e., those which had a projected operating loss or other impairment indicators) with an aggregate carrying value of $51.6 million. As a result of our undiscounted future cash flow analyses, we performed discounted cash flow analysis and recorded aggregate impairment losses of $1.0 million in two communities (which had an aggregate pre-impairment value of $3.9 million) for the three months ended April 30, 2019, and $1.0 million in three communities (which had an aggregate pre-impairment value of $10.2 million) for the six months ended April 30, 2019, which is included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations on the line entitled “Homebuilding: Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory. The pre-impairment value represents the carrying value, net of prior period impairments, if any, at the time of recording the impairments.

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The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations line entitled “Homebuilding: Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” also includes write-offs of options and approval, engineering and capitalized interest costs that we record when we redesign communities and/or abandon certain engineering costs and we do not exercise options in various locations because the communities' pro forma profitability is not projected to produce adequate returns on investment commensurate with the risk. Total aggregate write-offs related to these items were $1.0 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3.8 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Occasionally, these write-offs are offset by recovered deposits (sometimes through legal action) that had been written off in a prior period as walk-away costs. Historically, these recoveries have not been significant in comparison to the total costs written off. The number of lots walked away from during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 were 1,079 and 680, respectively, and 2,364 and 2,170 during the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The walk-aways were located in all segments in the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019.

We decide to mothball (or stop development on) certain communities when we determine that the current performance does not justify further investment at the time. When we decide to mothball a community, the inventory is reclassified on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets from “Sold and unsold homes and lots under development” to “Land and land options held for future development or sale.” During the first half of fiscal 2020, we did not mothball any additional communities, or sell any previously mothballed communities, but we re-activated a portion of one previously mothballed community. As of both April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the net book value associated with our 13 total mothballed communities was $13.8 million, which was net of impairment charges recorded in prior periods of $138.1 million.

We sell and lease back certain of our model homes with the right to participate in the potential profit when each home is sold to a third party at the end of the respective lease. As a result of our continued involvement, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-68, these sale and leaseback transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. Therefore, for purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, inventory of $44.6 million and $54.2 million, respectively, was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned,” with a corresponding amount of $43.3 million and $51.2 million (net of debt issuance costs), respectively, recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions.

We have land banking arrangements, whereby we sell our land parcels to the land bankers and they provide us an option to purchase back finished lots on a predetermined schedule. Because of our options to repurchase these parcels, for accounting purposes, in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-70, these transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. For purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, inventory of $153.6 million and $136.1 million, respectively, was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned,” with a corresponding amount of $101.2 million and $89.8 million (net of debt issuance costs), respectively, recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions. 

5. Variable Interest Entities

The Company enters into land and lot option purchase contracts to procure land or lots for the construction of homes. Under these contracts, the Company will fund a stated deposit in consideration for the right, but not the obligation, to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. Under the terms of the option purchase contracts, many of the option deposits are not refundable at the Company's discretion. Under the requirements of ASC 810, certain option purchase contracts may result in the creation of a variable interest in the entity (“VIE”) that owns the land parcel under option.

In compliance with ASC 810, the Company analyzes its option purchase contracts to determine whether the corresponding land sellers are VIEs and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. Although the Company does not have legal title to the underlying land, ASC 810 requires the Company to consolidate a VIE if the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary. In determining whether it is the primary beneficiary, the Company considers, among other things, whether it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Such activities would include, among other things, determining or limiting the scope or purpose of the VIE, selling or transferring property owned or controlled by the VIE, or arranging financing for the VIE. The Company also considers whether it has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. As a result of its analyses, the Company determined that as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, it was not the primary beneficiary of any VIEs from which it is purchasing land under option purchase contracts.

We will continue to secure land and lots using options, some of which are with VIEs. Including deposits on our unconsolidated VIEs, at April 30, 2020, we had total cash and letters of credit deposits amounting to $74.1 million to purchase land and lots with a total purchase price of $1.2 billion. The maximum exposure to loss with respect to our land and lot options is limited to the deposits plus any pre-development costs invested in the property, although some deposits are refundable at our request or refundable if certain conditions are not met.

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6. Warranty Costs

General liability insurance for homebuilding companies and their suppliers and subcontractors is very difficult to obtain. The availability of general liability insurance is limited due to a decreased number of insurance companies willing to underwrite for the industry. In addition, those few insurers willing to underwrite liability insurance have significantly increased the premium costs. To date, we have been able to obtain general liability insurance but at higher premium costs with higher deductibles. Our subcontractors and suppliers have advised us that they have also had difficulty obtaining insurance that also provides us coverage. As a result, we have an owner-controlled insurance program for certain of our subcontractors whereby the subcontractors pay us an insurance premium (through a reduction of amounts we would otherwise owe such subcontractors for their work on our homes) based on the risk type of the trade. We absorb the liability associated with their work on our homes as part of our overall general liability insurance at no additional cost to us because our existing general liability and construction defect insurance policy and related reserves for amounts under our deductible covers construction defects regardless of whether we or our subcontractors are responsible for the defect. For the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, we received $1.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, and $1.0 million and $2.2 million, respectively, from subcontractors related to the owner-controlled insurance program, which we accounted for as reductions to inventory.

We accrue for warranty costs that are covered under our existing general liability and construction defect policy as part of our general liability insurance deductible. This accrual is expensed as selling, general and administrative costs. For homes delivered in each of fiscal 2020 and 2019, our deductible under our general liability insurance is a $20 million aggregate for construction defect and warranty claims. For bodily injury claims, our deductible per occurrence in each of fiscal 2020 and 2019 is $0.25 million, up to a $5 million limit. Our aggregate retention for construction defect, warranty and bodily injury claims is $20 million for each of fiscal 2020 and 2019. In addition, we establish a warranty accrual for lower cost-related issues to cover home repairs, community amenities and land development infrastructure that are not covered under our general liability and construction defect policy. We accrue an estimate for these warranty costs as part of cost of sales at the time each home is closed and title and possession have been transferred to the homebuyer. Additions and charges in the warranty reserve and general liability reserve for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Balance, beginning of period	$89,905		$93,410		$89,371		$95,064
Additions – Selling, general and administrative	2,050		1,959		3,991		4,117
Additions – Cost of sales	2,020		1,308		3,923		3,336
Charges incurred during the period	(7,551	)	(4,020	)	(11,216	)	(10,111	)
Changes to pre-existing reserves	715		192		1,070		443
Balance, end of period	$87,139		$92,849		$87,139		$92,849

Warranty accruals are based upon historical experience. We engage a third-party actuary that uses our historical warranty and construction defect data to assist our management in estimating our unpaid claims, claim adjustment expenses and incurred but not reported claims reserves for the risks that we are assuming under the general liability and construction defect programs. The estimates include provisions for inflation, claims handling and legal fees. The majority of the charges incurred during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 represented a payment for construction defect reserves related to the settlement of a litigation matter.

Insurance claims paid by our insurance carriers, excluding insurance deductibles paid, were less than $0.1 million for both the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 for prior year deliveries.

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7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and we are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations that affect the development of land and home building, sales and customer financing processes, including zoning, density, building standards and mortgage financing. These laws and regulations often provide broad discretion to the administering governmental authorities. This can delay or increase the cost of development or homebuilding. The significant majority of our litigation matters are related to construction defect claims. Our estimated losses from construction defect litigation matters, if any, are included in our construction defect reserves.

We also are subject to a variety of local, state, federal and foreign laws and regulations concerning protection of health and the environment, including those regulating the emission or discharge of materials into the environment, the management of storm water runoff at construction sites, the handling, use, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, impacts to wetlands and other sensitive environments, and the remediation of contamination at properties that we have owned or developed or currently own or are developing (“environmental laws”). The particular environmental laws that apply to a site may vary greatly according to the community site, for example, due to the community, the environmental conditions at or near the site, and the present and former uses of the site. These environmental laws may result in delays, may cause us to incur substantial compliance, remediation and/or other costs, and can prohibit or severely restrict development and homebuilding activity. In addition, noncompliance with these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, obligations to remediate, permit revocations or other sanctions; and contamination or other environmental conditions at or in the vicinity of our developments may result in claims against us for personal injury, property damage or other losses.

We anticipate that increasingly stringent requirements will continue to be imposed on developers and homebuilders in the future. For example, for a number of years, the EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have been engaged in rulemakings to clarify the scope of federally regulated wetlands, which included a June 2015 rule many affected businesses contend impermissibly expanded the scope of such wetlands that was challenged in court, stayed, and remains in litigation. A proposal was made in June 2017 to formally rescind the June 2015 rule and reinstate the rule scheme previously in place while the agencies initiate a new substantive rulemaking on the issue. A February 2018 rule purported to delay the effective date of the June 2015 rule until February 2020, but was enjoined nationwide in August 2018 by a federal district court in South Carolina and later by a federal district court in the State of Washington in response to lawsuits (the net result of which, according to the EPA, was that the June 2015 rule applied in 22 states, the District of Columbia, and the United States territories, and that the pre-June 2015 regime applied in the rest). The EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have since promulgated a new rule, which became effective in December 2019, repealing the June 2015 rule and reinstating for the time being the previous rule scheme nationwide; it is now the subject of several lawsuits contending it is invalid, including one by a coalition of 14 states and several local governments. And in April 2020, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers formally published the Navigable Waters Protection Rule, which they characterize as more appropriate for determining the scope of waters subject to federal permitting; after it formally takes effect in June, this rule is intended to replace the pre-June 2015 regime; it is being challenged by 17 states in one lawsuit and by a number of environmental advocacy groups in at least three other lawsuits. It is unclear how these and related developments, including at the state or local level, ultimately may affect the scope of regulated wetlands where we operate. Although we cannot reliably predict the extent of any effect these developments regarding wetlands, or any other requirements that may take effect may have on us, they could result in time-consuming and expensive compliance programs and in substantial expenditures, which could cause delays and increase our cost of operations. In addition, our ability to obtain or renew permits or approvals and the continued effectiveness of permits already granted or approvals already obtained is dependent upon many factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as changes in policies, rules and regulations and their interpretations and application.

In March 2013, we received a letter from the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) requesting information about our involvement in a housing redevelopment project in Newark, New Jersey that a Company entity undertook during the 1990s. We understand that the development is in the vicinity of a former lead smelter and that tests on soil samples from properties within the development conducted by the EPA showed elevated levels of lead. We also understand that the smelter ceased operations many years before the Company entity involved acquired the properties in the area and carried out the re-development project. We responded to the EPA’s request. In August 2013, we were notified that the EPA considers us a potentially responsible party (or “PRP”) with respect to the site, that the EPA will clean up the site, and that the EPA is proposing that we fund and/or contribute towards the cleanup of the contamination at the site. We began preliminary discussions with the EPA concerning a possible resolution but do not know the scope or extent of the Company’s obligations, if any, that may arise from the site and therefore cannot provide any assurance that this matter will not have a material impact on the Company. The EPA requested additional information in April 2014 and again in March 2017 and the Company responded to the information requests. On May 2, 2018 the EPA sent a letter to the Company entity demanding reimbursement for 100% of the EPA’s costs to clean-up the site in the amount of $2.7 million. The Company responded to the EPA’s demand letter on June 15, 2018 setting forth the Company’s defenses and expressing its willingness to enter into settlement negotiations. The parties subsequently executed a tolling agreement to toll the statute of limitations on collection until December 20, 2019 and later amended it to extend it to June 20, 2020 to allow the parties time to discuss settlement. The Company received a letter from the EPA on November 4, 2019 asking if the Company remained interested in settlement negotiations. The Company responded affirmatively and such negotiations are ongoing. Two other PRPs identified by the EPA are now also in negotiations with the EPA and in preliminary negotiations with the Company regarding the site. In the course of negotiations, the EPA informed the Company that the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has also incurred costs remediating part of the site. The EPA has since requested that the three PRPs present a joint settlement offer to the EPA. The parties entered into a second amendment to the Tolling Agreement, extending the date until January 15, 2021. We believe that we have adequate reserves for this matter.

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In 2015, the condominium association of the Four Seasons at Great Notch condominium community (the “Great Notch Plaintiff”) filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Passaic County (the “Court”) alleging various construction defects, design defects, and geotechnical issues relating to the community. The operative complaint (“Complaint”) asserts claims against Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and several of its affiliates, including K. Hovnanian at Great Notch, LLC, K. Hovnanian Construction Management, Inc., and K. Hovnanian Companies, LLC. The Complaint also asserts claims against various other design professionals and contractors. The Great Notch Plaintiff has also filed a motion, which remains pending, to permit it to pursue a claim to pierce the corporate veil of K. Hovnanian at Great Notch, LLC to hold its alleged parent entities liable for any damages awarded against it. To date, the Hovnanian-affiliated defendants have reached a partial settlement with the Great Notch Plaintiff as to a portion of the Great Notch Plaintiff’s claims against them for an amount immaterial to the Company. On its remaining claims against the Hovnanian-affiliated defendants, the Great Notch Plaintiff has asserted damages of approximately $119.5 million, which amount is potentially subject to treble damages pursuant to the Great Notch Plaintiff’s claim under the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act. On August 17, 2018, the Hovnanian-affiliated defendants filed a motion for summary judgment seeking dismissal of all of the Great Notch Plaintiff’s remaining claims against them, which was withdrawn without prejudice to re-file with supplemental evidence. The trial is currently scheduled for September 14, 2020. An initial court-ordered mediation session took place on November 19, 2019. The additional mediation sessions scheduled for April 27 and 28, 2020 were postponed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and are expected to be rescheduled after the courts reopen. The Hovnanian-affiliated defendants intend to defend these claims vigorously. 

8. Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Customer's Deposits

Cash represents cash deposited in checking accounts. Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit, Treasury bills and government money–market funds with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. Our cash balances are held at a few financial institutions and may, at times, exceed insurable amounts. We believe we help to mitigate this risk by depositing our cash in major financial institutions. At April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, $15.8 million and $143.1 million, respectively, of the total cash and cash equivalents was in cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents, the book value of which approximates fair value.

Homebuilding - Restricted cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled $16.1 million and $20.9 million as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, which primarily consists of cash collateralizing our letter of credit agreements and facilities as discussed in Note 12.

Financial services restricted cash and cash equivalents, which are included in Financial services assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $29.7 million and $24.8 million as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively. Included in these balances were (1) financial services customers’ deposits of $27.0 million at April 30, 2020 and $22.8 million as of October 31, 2019, which are subject to restrictions on our use, and (2) $2.7 million at April 30, 2020 and $2.0 million as of October 31, 2019 of restricted cash under the terms of our mortgage warehouse lines of credit.

Total Homebuilding Customers’ deposits are shown as a liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These liabilities are significantly more than the applicable periods’ restricted cash balances because in some states the deposits are not restricted from use and, in other states, we are able to release the majority of these customer deposits to cash by pledging letters of credit and surety bonds.

9. Leases

We lease certain office space for use in our operations. We assess each of these contracts to determine whether the arrangement contains a lease as defined by ASC 842 “Leases” ("ASC 842"). In order to meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842, the contractual arrangement must convey to us the right to control the use of an identifiable asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and combine lease and non-lease components for all leases. Our office lease terms are generally from three to five years and generally contain renewal options. In accordance with ASC 842, our lease terms include those renewals only to the extent that they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The exercise of these lease renewal options is generally at our discretion. In accordance with ASC 842, the lease liability is equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments while the right of use (“ROU”) asset is based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment, such as for lease incentives. Our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit interest rate and therefore, we must estimate our incremental borrowing rate. In determining the incremental borrowing rate, we consider the lease period and our collateralized borrowing rates.

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Our lease population at April 30, 2020 is comprised of operating leases where we are the lessee and these leases are primarily real estate for office space for our corporate office, division offices and design centers. As allowed by ASC 842, we adopted an accounting policy election to not record leases with lease terms of twelve months or less on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Lease cost included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Selling, general and administrative expenses and payments on our lease liabilities are presented in the table below. Our short-term lease costs and sublease income are de minimis.

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	April 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$2,625
Cash payments on lease liabilities	$2,308

ROU assets are classified within Prepaids and other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, while lease liabilities are classified within Accounts payable and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table contains additional information about our leases:

(In thousands)	At April 30, 2020
ROU assets	$21,144
Lease liabilities	$22,165
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	3.7
Weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate)	9.5	%

Maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of April 30, 2020 are as follows:

Year ended October 31,	(In thousands)
2020 (excluding the six months ended April 30, 2020)	$4,462
2021	8,069
2022	6,860
2023	3,584
2024	1,315
Thereafter	2,103
Total payments	26,393
Less: imputed interest	(4,228	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$22,165

10. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiary, K. Hovnanian American Mortgage, LLC (“ K. Hovnanian Mortgage”), originates mortgage loans, primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time of origination. Mortgage loans held for sale consist primarily of single-family residential loans collateralized by the underlying property. We have elected the fair value option to record loans held for sale and therefore these loans are recorded at fair value with the changes in the value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Revenues: Financial services.” We currently use forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), interest rate commitments from borrowers and mandatory and/or best efforts forward commitments to sell loans to third-party purchasers to protect us from interest rate fluctuations. These short-term instruments, which do not require any payments to be made to the counterparty or purchaser in connection with the execution of the commitments, are recorded at fair value. Gains and losses on changes in the fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Revenues: Financial services.”

At April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, $59.0 million and $143.2 million, respectively, of mortgages held for sale were pledged against our mortgage warehouse lines of credit (see Note 11). We may incur losses with respect to mortgages that were previously sold that are delinquent and which had underwriting defects, but only to the extent the losses are not covered by mortgage insurance or resale value of the home. The reserves for these estimated losses are included in the “Financial services” balances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of April 30, 2020 and 2019, we had reserves specifically for 21 and 20 identified mortgage loans, respectively, as well as reserves for an estimate for future losses on mortgages sold but not yet identified to us.

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The activity in our loan origination reserves during the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	April 30,			April 30,
(In thousands)	2020	2019		2020	2019
Loan origination reserves, beginning of period	$1,308	$1,264		$1,268	$2,563
Provisions for losses during the period	44	37		84	78
Adjustments to pre-existing provisions for losses from changes in estimates	6	(32	)	6	(22	)
Payments/Settlements	-	-		-	(1,350	)
Loan origination reserves, end of period	$1,358	$1,269		$1,358	$1,269

11. Mortgages

Nonrecourse. We have nonrecourse mortgage loans for certain communities totaling $211.8 million and $203.6 million (net of debt issuance costs) at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, which are secured by the related real property, including any improvements, with an aggregate book value of $440.4 million and $410.2 million, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on these obligations was 7.7% and 8.3% at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, and the mortgage loan payments on each community primarily correspond to home deliveries.

Mortgage Loans. K. Hovnanian Mortgage originates mortgage loans primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans and related servicing rights are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time. In certain instances, we retain the servicing rights for a small amount of loans. K. Hovnanian Mortgage finances the origination of mortgage loans through various master repurchase agreements, which are recorded in financial services liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Our secured Master Repurchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Chase Master Repurchase Agreement”) is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through its maturity on December 11, 2020. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly on outstanding advances at an adjusted LIBOR rate, which was 0.33% at April 30, 2020, plus the applicable margin of 2.5% or 2.625% based upon type of loan. As of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Chase Master Repurchase Agreement was $25.5 million and $47.1 million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage has another secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Customers Bank (“Customers Master Repurchase Agreement”) which is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through its maturity on February 12, 2021. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable daily or as loans are sold to permanent investors on outstanding advances at the current LIBOR rate, plus the applicable margin ranging from 2.125% to 4.75% based on the type of loan and the number of days outstanding on the warehouse line. As of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Customers Master Repurchase Agreement was $18.0 million and $47.6 million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage also has a secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Comerica Bank (“Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement”) which is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through its maturity on December 18, 2020. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly at the current LIBOR rate, subject to a floor of 0.25%, plus the applicable margin of 1.875% or 3.25% based upon the type of loan. As of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement was $16.0 million and $45.5 million, respectively.

The Chase Master Repurchase Agreement, Customers Master Repurchase Agreement and Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement (together, the “Master Repurchase Agreements”) require K. Hovnanian Mortgage to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Because of the extremely short period of time mortgages are held by K. Hovnanian Mortgage before the mortgages are sold to investors (generally a period of a few weeks), the immateriality to us on a consolidated basis of the size of the Master Repurchase Agreements, the levels required by these financial covenants, our ability based on our immediately available resources to contribute sufficient capital to cure any default, were such conditions to occur, and our right to cure any conditions of default based on the terms of the applicable agreement, we do not consider any of these covenants to be substantive or material. As of April 30, 2020, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants under the Master Repurchase Agreements.   

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12. Senior Notes and Credit Facilities

Senior notes and credit facilities balances as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, were as follows:

	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$136,714		$218,994
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	69,683		211,391
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	158,502		-
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	350,000		350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	282,322		282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	162,269		103,141
Total Senior Secured Notes	$1,159,490		$1,165,848
Senior Notes:
8.0% Senior Notes due November 1, 2027 (1)	$-		$-
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	90,590		90,590
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	90,120		90,120
Total Senior Notes	$180,710		$180,710
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	$39,551		$202,547
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	$81,498		$-
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (2)	$125,000		$-
Net discounts and premiums	$21,461		$(49,145	)
Net debt issuance costs	$(24,203	)	$(19,970	)
Total Senior Notes and Credit Facilities, net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs	$1,583,507		$1,479,990

(1) $26.0 million of 8.0% Senior Notes are owned by a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary of HEI. Therefore, in accordance with GAAP, such notes are not reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of HEI. On November 1, 2019, the maturity of the 8.0% Senior Notes was extended to November 1, 2027.

(2) At April 30, 2020, provides for up to $125.0 million in aggregate amount of senior secured first lien revolving loans. Availability thereunder will terminate on December 28, 2022.

General

Except for K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes and borrower under the Credit Facilities (as defined below), our home mortgage subsidiaries, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures, we and each of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the Credit Facilities, the senior secured notes and senior notes outstanding at April 30, 2020 (collectively, the “Notes Guarantors”).

The credit agreements governing the Credit Facilities and the indentures governing the senior secured and senior notes (together, the “Debt Instruments”) outstanding at April 30, 2020 do not contain any financial maintenance covenants, but do contain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of HEI and certain of its subsidiaries, including K. Hovnanian, to incur additional indebtedness (other than non-recourse indebtedness, certain permitted indebtedness and refinancing indebtedness), pay dividends and make distributions on common and preferred stock, repay certain indebtedness prior to its respective stated maturity, repurchase common and preferred stock, make other restricted payments (including investments), sell certain assets (including in certain land banking transactions), incur liens, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The Debt Instruments also contain customary events of default which would permit the lenders or holders thereof to exercise remedies with respect to the collateral (as applicable), declare the loans made under the Unsecured Term Loan Facility (defined below) (the “Unsecured Term Loans”), loans made under the Secured Term Loan Facility (defined below) (the “Secured Term Loans”) and loans made under the Secured Credit Agreement (as defined below) (the “Secured Revolving Loans”) or notes to be immediately due and payable if not cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments on the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans, Secured Revolving Loans or notes or other material indebtedness, cross default to other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency, with respect to the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties and with respect to the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans, a change of control, and, with respect to the Secured Term Loans, Secured Revolving Loans and senior secured notes, the failure of the documents granting security for the obligations under the secured Debt Instruments to be in full force and effect, and the failure of the liens on any material portion of the collateral securing the obligations under the secured Debt Instruments to be valid and perfected. As of April 30, 2020, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants of the Debt Instruments.

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If our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio is less than 2.0 to 1.0, as defined in the applicable Debt Instrument, we are restricted from making certain payments, including dividends, and from incurring indebtedness other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness and nonrecourse indebtedness. As a result of this ratio restriction, we are currently restricted from paying dividends (in the case of the payment of dividends on preferred stock, our secured debt leverage ratio must also be less than 4.0 to 1.0), which are not cumulative, on our 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends for the foreseeable future. Our inability to pay dividends is in accordance with covenant restrictions and will not result in a default under our Debt Instruments or otherwise affect compliance with any of the covenants contained in our Debt Instruments.

Under the terms of our Debt Instruments, we have the right to make certain redemptions and prepayments and, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions, may do so from time to time. We also continue to actively analyze and evaluate our capital structure and explore transactions to simplify our capital structure and to strengthen our balance sheet, including those that reduce leverage and/or extend maturities, and will seek to do so with the right opportunity. We may also continue to make debt purchases and/or exchanges for debt or equity from time to time through tender offers, exchange offers, open market purchases, private transactions, or otherwise, or seek to raise additional debt or equity capital, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions.

Fiscal 2020

On December 10, 2019, K. Hovnanian consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which it issued $158.5 million aggregate principal amount of 10.0% 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 (the “1.75 Lien Notes”) in exchange for $23.2 million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 10.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 (the “10.0% 2022 Notes”) and $141.7 million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 (the “10.5% 2024 Notes” and, together with the 10.0% 2022 Notes, the “Second Lien Notes”). K. Hovnanian also exchanged $163.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its Unsecured Term Loans for $81.5 million in aggregate principal amount of Secured Term Loans made under a new Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028 (the “Secured Term Loan Facility”). There was no cash consideration in these exchanges. These secured notes and term loan exchanges were accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-60, resulting in a carrying value of $164.9 million and $148.8 million, respectively, for the $158.5 million of 1.75 Lien Notes and $81.5 million of Secured Term Loans, respectively, and a net gain on extinguishment of debt of $9.3 million (including additional costs of $0.2 million incurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2020), which is included in “(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt” on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The effect of this gain on a per share basis for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was $1.51, excluding the impact of taxes, as our deferred tax assets are fully reserved by a valuation allowance.

The 1.75 Lien Notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of December 10, 2019, among HEI, K. Hovnanian, the guarantors party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent. The 1.75 Lien Notes are guaranteed by HEI and the Notes Guarantors and the 1.75 Lien Notes and the guarantees thereof will be secured by substantially all of the assets owned by K. Hovnanian and the Notes Guarantors, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions. Interest on the 1.75 Lien Notes is payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on May 15, 2020, to holders of record at the close of business on May 1 or November 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding each such interest payment date. The 1.75 Lien Notes have a maturity of November 15, 2025.

The 1.75 Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to November 15, 2021 at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount”. At any time and from time to time on or after November 15, 2021 and prior to November 15, 2022, K. Hovnanian may redeem some or all of the 1.75 Lien Notes at a redemption price equal to 105.00% of their principal amount, at any time and from time to time after November 15, 2022 and prior to November 15, 2023, K. Hovnanian may redeem some or all of the 1.75 Lien Notes at a redemption price equal to 102.50% of their principal amount and at any time and from time to time after November 15, 2023, K. Hovnanian may redeem some or all of the 1.75 Lien Notes at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of their principal amount. In addition, K. Hovnanian may also redeem up to 35.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the 1.75 Lien Notes prior to November 15, 2021 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at 110.00% of principal.  

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The Secured Term Loans and the guarantees thereof will be secured on a pari passu basis with the 1.75 Lien Notes by the same assets that will secure the 1.75 Lien Notes, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions. The Secured Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to 10.0% per annum and will mature on January 31, 2028.  The Secured Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to 10.0% per annum and interest is payable in arrears, on the last business day of each fiscal quarter. The Secured Term Loans may be voluntarily prepaid in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to November 15, 2021 at a prepayment price equal to 100.0% of their principal amount plus any applicable “Make-Whole Amount”. At any time and from time to time on or after November 15, 2021 and prior to November 15, 2022, K. Hovnanian may voluntarily prepay some or all of the Secured Term Loans at a prepayment price equal to 105.00% of their principal amount, at any time and from time to time after November 15, 2022 and prior to November 15, 2023, K. Hovnanian may voluntarily prepay some or all of the Secured Term Loans at a prepayment price equal to 102.50% of their principal amount and at any time and from time to time after November 15, 2023, K. Hovnanian may voluntarily prepay some or all of the Secured Term Loans at a prepayment price equal to 100.0% of their principal amount.

On March 25, 2020, K. Hovnanian consummated a private exchange (the “Exchange”) pursuant to which it issued $59.1 million aggregate principal amount of additional 1.5 Lien Notes (defined below) (the “Additional 1.5 Lien Notes”) in exchange for of $59.1 million aggregate principal amount of 10.0% 2022 Notes held by certain participating bondholders (the “Exchange Holders”) pursuant to an Exchange Agreement, dated March 25, 2020 (the “Exchange Agreement”), among the K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors, the Exchanging Holders and certain holders of the Initial 1.5 Lien Notes (defined below) (the “Consenting Holders”). In connection therewith, the Consenting Holders provided their consents (the “Consents”) under the Indenture under which the 1.5 Lien Notes were issued to permit the issuance of the Additional 1.5 Lien Notes.

The Additional 1.5 Lien Notes were issued as additional notes of the same series as the $103.1 million aggregate principal amount of K. Hovnanian’s 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due 2026 issued on October 31, 2019 (the “Initial 1.5 Lien Notes” and, together with the Additional 1.5 Lien Notes, the “1.5 Lien Notes”). In connection with the issuance of the Additional 1.5 Lien Notes in the Exchange, K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”) and collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”), entered into the Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 25, 2020 (the “Supplemental Indenture”), to the Indenture, dated as of October 31, 2019 (as amended and supplemented prior to the Supplemental Indenture, the “Indenture”), among the K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors, the Trustee and the Collateral Agent. The Supplemental Indenture also amends the Indenture in accordance with the Consents to permit K. Hovnanian and the Notes Guarantors to secure up to $162.3 million of 1.5 Lien Obligations (as defined in the Indenture). As of March 25, 2020, after giving effect to the issuance of the Additional 1.5 Lien Notes, $162.3 million aggregate principal amount of 1.5 Lien Obligations, which consist of the 1.5 Lien Notes, were outstanding.  For a discussion of the 1.5 Lien Notes see “—Secured Obligations” below.

Fiscal 2019

On January 15, 2019, K. Hovnanian issued $25.0 million in aggregate principal amount of  additional 10.5% 2024 Notes to GSO Capital Partners LP (“GSO”) or one or more funds managed, advised or sub-advised by GSO (collectively, the “GSO Entities”) at a discount for a purchase price of $21.3 million in cash. The additional 10.5% 2024 Notes were issued as additional notes of the same series as the 10.5% 2024 Notes.

On October 31, 2019, K. Hovnanian, HEI, the Notes Guarantors, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent, and affiliates of certain investment managers (the “Investors”), as lenders, entered into a credit agreement (the “Secured Credit Agreement” and, together with the Unsecured Term Loan Facility and the Secured Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”) providing for up to $125.0 million in aggregate amount of Secured Revolving Loans to be used for general corporate purposes, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. Secured Revolving Loans are to be borrowed by K. Hovnanian and guaranteed by the Notes Guarantors. Availability under the Secured Credit Agreement will terminate on December 28, 2022. The Secured Revolving Loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to 7.75%, and interest is payable in arrears, on the last business day of each fiscal quarter.

On October 31, 2019, K. Hovnanian completed private placements of senior secured notes as follows: (i) K. Hovnanian issued an aggregate of $350.0 million of 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due 2026 (the “1.125 Lien Notes”) in part pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement, dated October 31, 2019, among K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and certain Investors as purchasers thereof (the “1.125 Lien Notes Purchase Agreement”) and in part pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (as defined below), with the proceeds from the sale of 1.125 Lien Notes under the 1.125 Lien Notes Purchase Agreement used to fund the cash payments to certain Exchanging Holders (as defined below) under the Exchange Agreement; and (ii) K. Hovnanian issued an aggregate of $282.3 million of 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due 2026 (the “1.25 Lien Notes”), pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement (the “1.25 Lien Notes Purchase Agreement”), dated October 31, 2019, among K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and certain Investors as purchasers thereof (the “1.25 Lien Notes Purchasers”), the proceeds of which were used to fund the Satisfaction and Discharge (as defined below).

In addition, on October 31, 2019, K. Hovnanian completed private exchanges of (i) approximately $221.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 10.0% 2022 Notes and approximately $114.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 10.5% 2024 Notes held by certain participating bondholders (the “Exchanging Holders”) for a portion of the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.125 Lien Notes described above and/or cash, and (ii) approximately $99.6 million aggregate principal amount of its 10.5% 2024 Notes held by certain of the Exchanging Holders for approximately $103.1 million aggregate principal amount of 1.5 Lien Notes (the 1.5 Lien Notes together with the 1.125 Lien Notes and the 1.25 Lien Notes, the “New Secured Notes”), pursuant to an Exchange Agreement, dated October 30, 2019 (the “Exchange Agreement”), among K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and the Exchanging Holders.

On October 31, 2019, K. Hovnanian issued notices of redemption for all of its outstanding 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (the “9.50% Notes”), 2.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “2.000% Notes”) and 5.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “5.000% Notes”) and deposited with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee under the indenture (the “9.50% Notes Indenture”) governing the 9.50% Notes and as trustee under the indenture (the “5.000%/2.000% Notes Indenture”) governing the 5.000% Notes and the 2.000% Notes sufficient funds to satisfy and discharge (collectively, the “Satisfaction and Discharge”) (i) the 9.50% Indenture and to fund the redemption of all outstanding 9.50% Notes and to pay accrued and unpaid interest on the redeemed notes to, but not including, the November 10, 2019 redemption date and (ii) the 5.000%/2.000% Indenture and to fund the redemption of all outstanding 5.000% Notes and 2.000% Notes and to pay accrued and unpaid interest on the redeemed notes to, but not including, the November 30, 2019 redemption date. Proceeds from the issuance of the 1.25 Lien Notes together with cash on hand were used to fund the Satisfaction and Discharge. Upon the Satisfaction and Discharge of the 9.50% Notes Indenture, all of the collateral securing the 9.50% Notes was released and the restrictive covenants and events of default contained therein ceased to have effect and upon the Satisfaction and Discharge of the 5.000%/2.000% Notes Indenture, all of the collateral securing the 5.000% Notes and the 2.000% Notes was released and the restrictive covenants and events of default contained therein ceased to have effect as to both such series of Notes.

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HEI and K. Hovnanian obtained the consent of certain lenders/holders under its existing debt instruments to amend such debt instruments in connection with the issuance of the New Secured Notes and the execution of the indentures governing the New Secured Notes and the Secured Credit Agreement. HEI, K. Hovnanian and the guarantors also amended such debt instruments to add certain subsidiaries as guarantors thereunder and, in the case of the Second Lien Notes, to add such new guarantors as pledgors and grantors of their assets (subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions) to secure such Second Lien Notes.

Secured Obligations

The 10.0% 2022 Notes have a maturity of July 15, 2022 and bear interest at a rate of 10.0% per annum payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on January 1 and July 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the 10.0% 2022 Notes at 105.0% of principal commencing July 15, 2019, at 102.50% of principal commencing July 15, 2020 and at 100.0% of principal commencing July 15, 2021.

The 10.5% 2024 Notes have a maturity of July 15, 2024 and bear interest at a rate of 10.5% per annum payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on January 1 and July 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The 10.5% 2024 Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to July 15, 2020 at 100.0% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the 10.5% 2024 Notes at 105.25% of principal commencing July 15, 2020, at 102.625% of principal commencing July 15, 2021 and at 100.0% of principal commencing July 15, 2022. In addition, K. Hovnanian may also redeem up to 35.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the 10.5% 2024 Notes prior to July 15, 2020 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at 110.50% of principal.

The 1.125 Lien Notes have a maturity of February 15, 2026 and bear interest at a rate of 7.75% per annum payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on February 1 and August 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The 1.125 Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to February 15, 2022 at 100.0% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” In addition, up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 1.125 Lien Notes may be redeemed with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at 107.75% of principal at any time prior to February 15, 2022. K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the 1.125 Lien Notes at 103.875% of principal commencing February 15, 2022, at 101.937% of principal commencing February 15, 2023 and at 100.0% of principal commencing February 15, 2024.

The 1.25 Lien Notes have a maturity of February 15, 2026 and bear interest at a rate of 10.5% per annum payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on February 1 and August 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The 1.25 Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to February 15, 2022 at 100.0% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” In addition, up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 1.25 Lien Notes may be redeemed with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at 110.5% of principal at any time prior to February 15, 2022. K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the 1.25 Lien Notes at 105.25% of principal commencing February 15, 2022, at 102.625% of principal commencing February 15, 2023 and at 100.0% of principal commencing February 15, 2024.

The 1.5 Lien Notes have a maturity of February 15, 2026 and bear interest at a rate of 11.25% per annum payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on February 1 and August 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The 1.5 Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to February 15, 2026 at 100.0% of their principal amount.

See “—Fiscal 2020” for a discussion of the 1.75 Lien Notes and the Secured Term Loans and “—Fiscal 2019” for a discussion of the Secured Credit Agreement.

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Each series of secured notes and the guarantees thereof, the Secured Term Loans and the guarantees thereof and the Secured Credit Agreement and the guarantees thereof are secured by the same assets. Among the secured debt, the liens securing the Secured Credit Agreement are senior to the liens securing all of K. Hovnanian’s other secured notes and the Secured Term Loan. The liens securing the 1.125 Lien Notes are senior to the liens securing the 1.25 Lien Notes, 1.5 Lien Notes, the 1.75 Lien Notes, the Secured Term Loans, the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the 1.125 Lien Notes, the liens securing the 1.25 Lien Notes are senior to the liens securing the 1.5 Lien Notes, the 1.75 Lien Notes, the Secured Term Loans, the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the 1.25 Lien Notes, the liens securing the 1.5 Lien Notes are senior to the liens securing the 1.75 Lien Notes, the Secured Term Loans, the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the 1.5 Lien Notes, the liens securing the 1.75 Lien Notes and the Secured Term Loans (which are secured on a pari passu basis with each other) are senior to the liens securing the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the 1.75 Lien Notes and the Secured Term Loans, in each case, with respect to the assets securing such debt.

As of April 30, 2020, the collateral securing the Secured Credit Agreement, the Secured Term Loan Facility and the secured notes would have included (in the case of the Secured Credit Agreement, the Secured Term Loans, the New Secured Notes and the 1.75 Lien Notes, such collateral will be perfected in accordance with the terms of the applicable Debt Instrument) (1) $229.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, which included $14.3 million of restricted cash collateralizing certain letters of credit (subsequent to such date, fluctuations as a result of cash uses include general business operations and real estate and other investments along with cash inflow primarily from deliveries); (2) $480.5 million aggregate book value of real property, which does not include the impact of inventory investments, home deliveries or impairments thereafter and which may differ from the value if it were appraised; and (3) equity interests in joint venture holding companies with an aggregate book value of $204.2 million.

Unsecured Obligations

On January 29, 2018, K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent, and the GSO Entities entered into a senior unsecured term loan credit facility (the “Unsecured Term Loan Facility”). The Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to 5.0% per annum and interest is payable in arrears, on the last business day of each fiscal quarter. The Term Loans will mature on February 1, 2027. On February 1, 2018, K. Hovnanian issued $90.6 million aggregate principal amount of its 13.5% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) and $90.1 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 (the “2040 Notes”) under a new indenture in an exchange offer (the “Exchange Offer”) for $170.2 million aggregate principal amount of K. Hovnanian’s 8.0% Senior Notes. Also, as part of the Exchange Offer, K. Hovnanian at Sunrise Trail III, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of HEI (the “Subsidiary Purchaser”), purchased for $26.5 million in cash an aggregate of $26.0 million in principal amount of the 8.0% Notes (the “Purchased 8.0% Notes”). The 2026 Notes and the 2040 Notes were issued by K. Hovnanian and guaranteed by the Notes Guarantors, except for the Subsidiary Purchaser which does not guarantee the 2026 Notes or the 2040 Notes. The 2026 Notes bear interest at 13.5% per annum and mature on February 1, 2026. The 2040 Notes bear interest at 5.0% per annum and mature on February 1, 2040. Interest on the 2026 Notes and the 2040 Notes is payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year to holders of record at the close of business on January 15 or July 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding each such interest payment date.

K. Hovnanian’s 2026 Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to February 1, 2025 at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make Whole Amount”. At any time and from time to time on or after February 1, 2025, K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the 2026 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of their principal amount.

At any time and from time to time on or after February 1, 2020 and prior to February 1, 2021, K. Hovnanian may redeem some or all of the 2040 Notes at a redemption price equal to 102.50% of their principal amount and at any time and from time to time after February 1, 2021, K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the 2040 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100.0% of their principal amount.  

Other

We have certain stand-alone cash collateralized letter of credit agreements and facilities under which there was a total of $14.0 million and $19.2 million letters of credit outstanding at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively. These agreements and facilities require us to maintain specified amounts of cash as collateral in segregated accounts to support the letters of credit issued thereunder, which will affect the amount of cash we have available for other uses. At April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the amount of cash collateral in these segregated accounts was $14.3 million and $19.9 million, respectively, which is reflected in “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

13. Per Share Calculation

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) (the “numerator”) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for nonvested shares of restricted stock (the “denominator”) for the period. Computing diluted earnings per share is similar to computing basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the dilutive effects of options and nonvested shares of restricted stock. Any options that have an exercise price greater than the average market price are considered to be anti-dilutive and are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.   

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All outstanding nonvested shares that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents that participate in undistributed earnings with common stock are considered participating securities and are included in computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends or dividend equivalents and participation rights in undistributed earnings in periods when we have net income. The Company’s restricted common stock (“nonvested shares”) are considered participating securities.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented below were calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Hovnanian	$4,079		$(15,257	)	$(5,069	)	$(32,709	)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	(216	)	-		-		-
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257	)	(5,069	)	(32,709	)
Plus: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	216		-		-		-
Less: undistributed earnings reallocated to nonvested shares	(216	)	-		-		-
Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257	)	(5,069	)	(32,709	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share	6,172		5,962		6,166		5,960
Effect of dilutive securities:
Share based payments	260		-		-		-
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding	6,432		5,962		6,166		5,960
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$0.63		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$0.60		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)

There were 0.3 million incremental shares attributed to nonvested stock and outstanding options to purchase common stock for the six months ended April 30, 2020, and 0.1 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, which were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because we had a net loss for the period. 

In addition, shares related to out-of-the money stock options that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share were 0.2 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, and 0.3 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.   

14. Preferred Stock

On July 12, 2005, we issued 5,600 shares of 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock, with a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are not cumulative and are payable at an annual rate of 7.625%. The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into the Company’s common stock and is redeemable in whole or in part at our option at the liquidation preference of the shares. The Series A Preferred Stock is traded as depositary shares, with each depositary share representing 1/1000th of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. The depositary shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “HOVNP.” During the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, we did not pay any dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock due to covenant restrictions in our debt instruments. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends, which are not cumulative, for the foreseeable future.

15. Common Stock

Each share of Class A Common Stock entitles its holder to one vote per share, and each share of Class B Common Stock generally entitles its holder to ten votes per share. The amount of any regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class A Common Stock will be an amount equal to 110% of the corresponding regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class B Common Stock. If a shareholder desires to sell shares of Class B Common Stock, such stock must be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at a one to one conversion rate.

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On March 19, 2019, the Company's stockholders approved at an annual meeting an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 1-for-25 and a corresponding decrease in the number of authorized shares of the common stock. Following the stockholders' approval, the Board of Directors, on March 19, 2019, determined to effectuate the Reverse Stock Split, which became effective on March 29, 2019, and every 25 issued shares (including treasury shares) of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), were combined into one share of Class A Common Stock, and every 25 issued shares (including treasury shares) of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), were combined into one share of Class B Common Stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. All share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

On August 4, 2008, our Board of Directors adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), which was amended on January 11, 2018, designed to preserve shareholder value and the value of certain tax assets primarily associated with net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and built-in losses under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Our ability to use NOLs and built-in losses would be limited if there was an “ownership change” under Section 382. This would occur if shareholders owning (or deemed under Section 382 to own) 5% or more of our stock increase their collective ownership of the aggregate amount of our outstanding shares by more than 50 percentage points over a defined period of time. The Rights Plan was adopted to reduce the likelihood of an “ownership change” occurring as defined by Section 382. Under the Rights Plan, one right was distributed for each share of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on August 15, 2008. Effective August 15, 2008, if any person or group acquires 4.9% or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock without the approval of the Board of Directors, there would be a triggering event causing significant dilution in the voting power of such person or group. However, existing stockholders who owned, at the time of the Rights Plan’s initial adoption on August 4, 2008, 4.9% or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock will trigger a dilutive event only if they acquire additional shares. The approval of the Board of Directors’ decision to adopt the Rights Plan may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time, prior to the Rights being triggered. The Rights Plan will continue in effect until August 14, 2021, unless it expires earlier in accordance with its terms. The approval of the Board of Directors’ decision to initially adopt the Rights Plan and the amendment thereto were approved by shareholders. Our stockholders also approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to restrict certain transfers of Class A Common Stock in order to preserve the tax treatment of our NOLs and built-in losses under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Subject to certain exceptions pertaining to pre-existing 5% stockholders and Class B stockholders, the transfer restrictions in our Restated Certificate of Incorporation generally restrict any direct or indirect transfer (such as transfers of our stock that result from the transfer of interests in other entities that own our stock) if the effect would be to (i) increase the direct or indirect ownership of our stock by any person (or public group) from less than 5% to 5% or more of our common stock; (ii) increase the percentage of our common stock owned directly or indirectly by a person (or public group) owning or deemed to own 5% or more of our common stock; or (iii) create a new “public group” (as defined in the applicable United States Treasury regulations). Transfers included under the transfer restrictions include sales to persons (or public groups) whose resulting percentage ownership (direct or indirect) of common stock would exceed the 5% thresholds discussed above, or to persons whose direct or indirect ownership of common stock would by attribution cause another person (or public group) to exceed such threshold.

On July 3, 2001, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to purchase up to 0.2 million shares of Class A Common Stock. There were no shares purchased during the three and six months ended April 30, 2020. As of April 30, 2020, the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock that may yet be purchased under this program is 22 thousand.

16. Income Taxes

The total income tax expense for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 was $0.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The expense for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily related to state tax expense from the impact of a cancellation of debt income recorded for tax purposes but not for GAAP purposes, creating a permanent difference. The total income tax expense for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019 was $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, primarily related to state tax expense from income generated that was not offset by tax benefits in states where we fully reserve the tax benefit from net operating losses.

Our federal net operating losses of $1.5 billion expire between 2028 and 2037, and $32.2 million have an indefinite carryforward period. Of our $2.5 billion of state NOLs, $211.4 million expire between 2020 through 2024; $1.2 billion expire between 2025 through 2029; $760.1 million expire between 2030 through 2034; $277.6 million expire between 2035 through 2039; and $74.8 million have an indefinite carryforward period.

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On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act was enacted and signed into U.S. law to provide economic relief to individuals and businesses facing economic hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company plans to defer the timing of estimated payments and payroll taxes as permitted by federal and state legislation, including under the CARES Act. We will continue to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and various state agencies.

Deferred federal and state income tax assets (“DTAs”) primarily represent the deferred tax benefits arising from NOL carryforwards and temporary differences between book and tax income which will be recognized in future years as an offset against future taxable income. If the combination of future years’ income (or loss) and the reversal of the timing differences results in a loss, such losses can be carried forward to future years. In accordance with ASC 740, we evaluate our DTAs quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required. ASC 740 requires that companies assess whether valuation allowances should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard.   

As of April 30, 2020, we considered all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, our valuation allowance for our DTAs was appropriate in accordance with ASC 740. Listed below, in order of the weighting of each factor, is the available positive and negative evidence that we considered in determining that it is more likely than not that all of our DTAs will not be realized. In analyzing these factors, overall the negative evidence, both objective and subjective, outweighed the positive evidence. Based on this analysis, we determined that the current valuation allowance for deferred taxes of $596.7 million as of April 30, 2020, which fully reserves for our DTAs, is appropriate.

1. As of April 30, 2020, on a tax basis, the Company has pre-tax income when adjusted for permanent differences on a three-year cumulative basis. However, on a U.S. GAAP basis, the Company is still in a three-year cumulative pre-tax loss position as of April 30, 2020. Therefore, it is too early to conclude whether we will continue to not be in a three-year cumulative loss position going forward on a tax accounting basis. Per ASC 740, cumulative losses are one of the most objectively verifiable forms of negative evidence. (Negative Objective Evidence)

2. In the third quarter of fiscal 2017, second and third quarters of fiscal 2018, fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, and first and second quarters of fiscal 2020, we completed debt refinancing/restructuring transactions which, by extending our debt maturities, will enable us to allocate cash to invest in new communities and grow our community count to get back to sustained profitability. (Positive Objective Evidence)

3. Our net contracts per average active selling community increased in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019, which is the fourth consecutive quarter of year-over-year increases. (Positive Objective Evidence)

4. We incurred pre-tax losses during the housing market decline and the slower than expected housing market recovery. (Negative Objective Evidence)

5. We exited two geographic markets in fiscal 2016 and completed the wind down of operations in two other markets in fiscal 2018, that have historically had losses. By exiting these underperforming markets, the Company has been able to redeploy capital to better performing markets, which over time should improve our profitability. (Positive Subjective Evidence)

6. The historical cyclicality of the U.S. housing market, a more restrictive mortgage lending environment compared to before the housing downturn of 2007-2009, the uncertainty of the overall US economy and government policies and consumer confidence, and impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic, all or any of which could continue to hamper a sustained, stronger recovery of the housing market. (Negative Subjective Evidence)

17. Operating and Reporting Segments

HEI’s operating segments are components of the Company’s business for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed regularly by the chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, to evaluate performance and make operating decisions. Based on this criteria, each of the Company's communities qualifies as an operating segment, and therefore, it is impractical to provide segment disclosures for this many segments. As such, HEI has aggregated the homebuilding operating segments into six reportable segments.

HEI’s homebuilding operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments based primarily upon geographic proximity, similar regulatory environments, land acquisition characteristics and similar methods used to construct and sell homes. HEI’s reportable segments consist of the following six homebuilding segments and a financial services segment noted below.

Homebuilding:

(1)	Northeast (New Jersey and Pennsylvania)
(2)	Mid-Atlantic (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia)
(3)	Midwest (Illinois and Ohio)
(4)	Southeast (Florida, Georgia and South Carolina)
(5)	Southwest (Arizona and Texas)
(6)	West (California)

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Financial Services

Operations of the Homebuilding segments primarily include the sale and construction of single-family attached and detached homes, attached townhomes and condominiums, urban infill and active lifestyle homes in planned residential developments. In addition, from time to time, operations of the homebuilding segments include sales of land. Operations of the Financial Services segment include mortgage banking and title services provided to the homebuilding operations’ customers. Our financial services subsidiaries do not typically retain or service mortgages that we originate but rather sell the mortgages and related servicing rights to investors. 

Corporate and unallocated primarily represents operations at our headquarters in New Jersey. This includes our executive offices, information services, human resources, corporate accounting, training, treasury, process redesign, internal audit, construction services, and administration of insurance, quality and safety. It also includes interest income and interest expense resulting from interest incurred that cannot be capitalized in inventory in the Homebuilding segments, as well as the gains or losses on extinguishment of debt from any debt repurchases or exchanges.  

Evaluation of segment performance is based primarily on operating earnings from continuing operations before provision for income taxes (“Income (loss) before income taxes”). Income (loss) before income taxes for the Homebuilding segments consist of revenues generated from the sales of homes and land, income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, management fees and other income, less the cost of homes and land sold, selling, general and administrative expenses and interest expense. Income (loss) before income taxes for the Financial Services segment consist of revenues generated from mortgage financing, title insurance and closing services, less the cost of such services and selling, general and administrative expenses incurred by the Financial Services segment. 

Operational results of each segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred had the segment been an independent stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

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Financial information relating to HEI’s segment operations was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Northeast	$46,798		$13,059		$92,074		$33,000
Mid-Atlantic	89,738		80,847		177,497		134,277
Midwest	56,673		42,937		103,117		87,858
Southeast	56,369		49,382		93,143		93,373
Southwest	170,654		143,850		334,553		262,049
West	103,603		97,883		203,224		187,784
Total homebuilding	523,835		427,958		1,003,608		798,341
Financial services	14,361		12,307		28,375		21,915
Corporate and unallocated	155		426		424		1,029
Total revenues	$538,351		$440,691		$1,032,407		$821,285
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Northeast	$6,722		$125		$12,463		$6,004
Mid-Atlantic	5,466		393		9,524		386
Midwest	(385	)	(594	)	(3,828	)	(1,443	)
Southeast	50		(4,132	)	(4,261	)	(7,061	)
Southwest	13,052		4,286		21,672		6,672
West	2,723		10,310		4,334		22,015
Total homebuilding	27,628		10,388		39,904		26,573
Financial services	4,731		3,629		9,191		4,763
Corporate and unallocated (1)	(28,180	)	(28,929	)	(52,352	)	(63,354	)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$4,179		$(14,912	)	$(3,257	)	$(32,018	)

(1)  Corporate and unallocated for the three months ended April 30, 2020 included corporate general and administrative costs of $15.3 million, interest expense of $13.8 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), $0.2 million of loss on extinguishment of debt and $(1.1) million of other income and expenses primarily related to interest income and stock compensation. Corporate and unallocated for the six months ended April 30, 2020 included corporate general and administrative costs of $35.0 million, interest expense of $28.7 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), $(9.3) million of gain on extinguishment of debt and $(2.0) million of other income and expenses. Corporate and unallocated for the three months ended April 30, 2019 included corporate general and administrative costs of $16.2 million, interest expense of $13.1 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), and $(0.3) million of other income and expenses primarily related to interest income and stock compensation. Corporate and unallocated for the six months ended April 30, 2019 included corporate general and administrative costs of $33.8 million, interest expense of $30.7 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), and $(1.1) million of other income and expenses.

	April 30,	October 31,
(In thousands)	2020	2019
Assets:
Northeast	$143,338	$163,342
Mid-Atlantic	264,490	264,894
Midwest	121,715	117,242
Southeast	282,036	281,654
Southwest	370,259	357,052
West	315,648	311,919
Total homebuilding	1,497,486	1,496,103
Financial services	111,302	199,275
Corporate and unallocated	296,783	186,046
Total assets	$1,905,571	$1,881,424

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18. Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures

We enter into homebuilding and land development joint ventures from time to time as a means of accessing lot positions, expanding our market opportunities, establishing strategic alliances, managing our risk profile, leveraging our capital base and enhancing returns on capital. Our homebuilding joint ventures are generally entered into with third-party investors to develop land and construct homes that are sold directly to third-party home buyers. Our land development joint ventures include those entered into with developers and other homebuilders as well as financial investors to develop finished lots for sale to the joint venture’s members or other third parties.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we contributed eight communities we owned, including four active communities, to a new joint venture for $29.8 million of cash after our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture.

The tables set forth below summarize the combined financial information related to our unconsolidated homebuilding and land development joint ventures that are accounted for under the equity method.

(Dollars in thousands)	April 30, 2020
			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$86,565		$4,299		$90,864
Inventories	438,323		202		438,525
Other assets	27,782		399		28,181
Total assets	$552,670		$4,900		$557,570
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$121,018		$156		$121,174
Notes payable	126,090		-		126,090
Total liabilities	247,108		156		247,264
Equity of:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	132,877		4,323		137,200
Others	172,685		421		173,106
Total equity	305,562		4,744		310,306
Total liabilities and equity	$552,670		$4,900		$557,570
Debt to capitalization ratio	29	%	0	%	29	%

(Dollars in thousands)	October 31, 2019
			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$108,520		$2,203		$110,723
Inventories	397,804		6,038		403,842
Other assets	24,896		233		25,129
Total assets	$531,220		$8,474		$539,694
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$71,297		$592		$71,889
Notes payable	186,882		-		186,882
Total liabilities	258,179		592		258,771
Equity of:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	120,891		4,747		125,638
Others	152,150		3,135		155,285
Total equity	273,041		7,882		280,923
Total liabilities and equity	$531,220		$8,474		$539,694
Debt to capitalization ratio	41	%	0	%	40	%

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As of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, we had advances outstanding of $2.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, to these unconsolidated joint ventures. These amounts were included in the “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” balances in the tables above. On our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, our “Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures” amounted to $139.3 million and $127.0 million at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively. In some cases, our net investment in these unconsolidated joint ventures is less than our proportionate share of the equity reflected in the table above because of the differences between asset impairments recorded against our unconsolidated joint venture investments and any impairments recorded in the applicable unconsolidated joint venture. Impairments of unconsolidated joint venture investments are recorded at fair value while impairments recorded in the unconsolidated joint venture are recorded when undiscounted cash flows trigger the impairment. During the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, we did not write-down any of our unconsolidated joint venture investments.

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$112,812		$3,812		$116,624
Cost of sales and expenses	(107,453	)	(3,448	)	(110,901	)
Joint venture net income	$5,359		$364		$5,723
Our share of net income	$6,146		$181		$6,327

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$125,739		$2,591		$128,330
Cost of sales and expenses	(118,019	)	(2,146	)	(120,165	)
Joint venture net income	$7,720		$445		$8,165
Our share of net income	$7,083		$223		$7,306

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$199,776		$7,552		$207,328
Cost of sales and expenses	(196,004	)	(8,401	)	(204,405	)
Joint venture net income (loss)	$3,772		$(849	)	$2,923
Our share of net income (loss)	$7,616		$(425	)	$7,191

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2019
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$221,513		$3,596		$225,109
Cost of sales and expenses	(207,331	)	(3,117	)	(210,448	)
Joint venture net income	$14,182		$479		$14,661
Our share of net income	$16,624		$240		$16,864

“Income from unconsolidated joint ventures” is reflected as a separate line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and reflects our proportionate share of the income or loss from these unconsolidated homebuilding and land development joint ventures. The difference between our share of the income or loss from these unconsolidated joint ventures in the tables above compared to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is due primarily to the reclassification of the intercompany portion of management fee income from certain unconsolidated joint ventures and the deferral of income for lots purchased by us from certain unconsolidated joint ventures. For the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, the difference is also attributed to two unconsolidated joint ventures which we had previously written off our investment in that are still active and are operating at a loss. For the six months ended April 30, 2019, the difference is also attributed to a return of capital from an unconsolidated joint venture in which we had previously written off our investment. To compensate us for the administrative services we provide as the manager of certain unconsolidated joint ventures, we receive a management fee based on a percentage of the applicable unconsolidated joint venture’s revenues. These management fees, which totaled $4.0 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $7.7 million and $8.5 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are recorded in “Homebuilding: Selling, general and administrative” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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In determining whether or not we must consolidate joint ventures that we manage, we assess whether the other partners have specific rights to overcome the presumption of control by us as the manager of the joint venture. In most cases, the presumption is overcome because the joint venture agreements require that both partners agree on establishing the operations and capital decisions of the partnership, including budgets in the ordinary course of business.

Typically, our unconsolidated joint ventures obtain separate project specific mortgage financing. For some of our unconsolidated joint ventures, obtaining financing was challenging, therefore, some of our unconsolidated joint ventures are capitalized only with equity. The total debt to capitalization ratio of all our unconsolidated joint ventures was 29% as of April 30, 2020. Any unconsolidated joint venture financing is on a nonrecourse basis, with guarantees from us limited only to performance and completion of development, environmental warranties and indemnification, standard indemnification for fraud, misrepresentation and other similar actions, including a voluntary bankruptcy filing. In some instances, the unconsolidated joint venture entity is considered a VIE under ASC 810-10 “Consolidation – Overall” due to the returns being capped to the equity holders; however, in these instances, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary, and therefore we do not consolidate these entities.  

19. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which provides guidance for accounting for leases. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases and to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months regardless of the lease classification. The lease classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest rate method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Accounting for lessors remains largely unchanged from current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 was effective for the Company on November 1, 2019, and we applied the modified retrospective method of adoption, resulting in no restatement of prior period financial statements. We elected the practical expedient package which allows us to carry forward our original assessment of whether contracts contained leases, lease classification and the initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient that allows lessees the option to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single component for all classes of underlying assets. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 resulted in a gross up on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for ROU assets and lease liabilities of $23.3 million and $24.4 million, respectively, as of November 1, 2019. Existing prepaid rent and accrued rent were recorded as an offset to the gross operating ROU assets. Our ROU assets are included in “Prepaid expenses and other assets” and the corresponding lease liabilities are included in “Accounts payable and other liabilities” line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had no impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations or cash flows, nor did it have a significant impact on our business processes, systems or internal controls.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework” (“ASU 2018-13”), which improves the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for us beginning November 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract” (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for us beginning November 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with reference rate reform on financial reporting. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning on March 12, 2020, and we may elect to apply the amendments prospectively from now through December 31, 2022. The Company has not yet adopted this guidance and is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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20. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” provides a framework for measuring fair value, expands disclosures about fair-value measurements and establishes a fair-value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value summarized as follows:

Level 1: Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2: Fair value determined using significant other observable inputs.

Level 3: Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs.

Our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
	Fair Value	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	2020		2019
Mortgage loans held for sale (1)	Level 2	$74,959		$166,007
Forward contracts	Level 2	(454	)	(64	)
Total		$74,505		$165,943
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 3	$342		$42
Total		$74,847		$165,985

(1)  The aggregate unpaid principal balance was $72.8 million and $161.1 million at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively.

We elected the fair value option for our loans held for sale in accordance with ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” which permits us to measure financial instruments at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. Management believes that the election of the fair value option for loans held for sale improves financial reporting by mitigating volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring the fair value of the loans and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Fair value of loans held for sale is based on independent quoted market prices, where available, or the prices for other mortgage loans with similar characteristics.

The Financial Services segment had a pipeline of loan applications in process of $554.2 million at April 30, 2020. Loans in process for which interest rates were committed to the borrowers totaled $70.3 million as of April 30, 2020. Substantially all of these commitments were for periods of 60 days or less. Since a portion of these commitments is expected to expire without being exercised by the borrowers, the total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

The Financial Services segment uses investor commitments and forward sales of mandatory MBS to hedge its mortgage-related interest rate exposure. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is managed by entering into MBS forward commitments, option contracts with investment banks, federally regulated bank affiliates and loan sales transactions with permanent investors meeting the segment’s credit standards. The segment’s risk, in the event of default by the purchaser, is the difference between the contract price and fair value of the MBS forward commitments and option contracts. At April 30, 2020, the segment had open commitments amounting to $33.5 million to sell MBS with varying settlement dates through May 20, 2020.

The assets accounted for using the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in “Revenues: Financial services.” The fair values that are included in income are shown, by financial instrument and financial statement line item, below: 

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Mortgage		Interest Rate
	Loans Held		Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale		Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net income all reflected in financial services revenues	$(709	)	$224	$(271	)

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	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock		Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments		Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$946	$(208	)	$406

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$2,153	$342	$(454	)

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$2,942	$17	$21

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are those assets for which the Company has recorded valuation adjustments and write-offs during the three and six months ended April 30, 2019. The Company did not have any assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three and six months ended April 30, 2020. The assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are all within the Company's Homebuilding operations and are summarized below:

Nonfinancial Assets 

		Three Months Ended
		April 30, 2019
		Pre-
	Fair Value	Impairment
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount	Total Losses		Fair Value
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	Level 3	$3,906	$(968	)	$2,938
Land and land options held for future development or sale	Level 3	$-	$-		$-

		Six Months Ended
		April 30, 2019
		Pre-
	Fair Value	Impairment
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount	Total Losses		Fair Value
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	Level 3	$3,906	$(968	)	$2,938
Land and land options held for future development or sale	Level 3	$6,302	$(43	)	$6,259

We record impairment losses on inventories related to communities under development and held for future development when events and circumstances indicate that they may be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their related carrying amounts. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then the community is written down to its fair value. We estimate the fair value of each impaired community by determining the present value of its estimated future cash flows at a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the respective community. Should the estimates or expectations used in determining cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we may be required to recognize additional impairments. We recorded inventory impairments, which are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as “Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory, of $1.0 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2019. We did not record any inventory impairments for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2020. See Note 4 for further detail of the communities evaluated for impairment.

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The fair value of our cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and customer’s deposits approximates their carrying amount, based on Level 1 inputs.

The fair value of each series of our Notes are listed below. Level 2 measurements are estimated based on recent trades or quoted market prices for the same issues or based on recent trades or quoted market prices for our debt of similar security and maturity to achieve comparable yields. Level 3 measurements are estimated based on third-party broker quotes or management’s estimate of the fair value based on available trades for similar debt instruments.  

Fair Value as of April 30, 2020

(In thousands)	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$-	$88,522	$-	$88,522
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	-	-	35,203	35,203
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	-	-	85,697	85,697
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	331,625	331,625
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	245,620	245,620
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	162,290	162,290
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	-	46,080	-	46,080
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	-	26,941	-	26,941
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	-	-	24,613	24,613
Secured Credit Facilities:
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	-	-	66,910	66,910
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility	-	-	125,000	125,000
Total fair value	$-	$161,543	$1,076,958	$1,238,501

Fair Value as of October 31, 2019

(In thousands)	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$-	$189,430	$-	$189,430
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	-	166,999	-	166,999
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	350,000	350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	282,322	282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	103,141	103,141
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	-	-	80,254	80,254
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	-	-	31,993	31,993
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	-	-	106,499	106,499
Total fair value	$-	$356,429	$954,209	$1,310,638

The Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility is not included in the October 31, 2019 table because there were no borrowings outstanding thereunder as of October 31, 2019.

21. Transactions with Related Parties

During the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, an engineering firm owned by Tavit Najarian, a relative of Ara K. Hovnanian, our Chairman of the Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer, provided services to the Company totaling $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 the services provided by such engineering firm to the Company totaled $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Neither the Company nor Mr. Hovnanian has a financial interest in the relative’s company from whom the services were provided.

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22. Subsequent Events

COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, and it continues to have a significant impact on global and U.S. economies. The pandemic and related government responses thereto began to impact our business in March 2020 and we expect the negative impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic to continue.

To mitigate the adverse impacts, the Company is implementing initiatives to maximize positive cash flow, retain a strong liquidity position and optimize the organization, including, but not limited to, by focusing on closing homes in backlog and limiting cash expenditures, reducing or delaying certain land purchases and land development activity and beginning work on unsold homes and electing to draw in full the $125.0 million available under its Secured Credit Agreement. These actions are expected to reduce growth and may cause a decline of our community count and the number of homes deliveries in the third quarter of 2020 and future periods.  Further, in May 2020, the Company announced certain operational optimization measures including streamlining the organizational structure by: (1) transitioning from three homebuilding operational Groups to two; (2) consolidating several business units, resulting in the reduction of three Divisional offices; and (3) gradually phasing out of the Chicago market as it sells through its existing communities. In addition, the Company took measures to reduce overhead expenses through a combination of furloughs, layoffs and other cost reduction measures, the implementation of which will continue through fiscal 2020. We expect these steps to reduce our annualized overhead expense by approximately $20 million beginning in fiscal 2021. The Company expects to take a charge of approximately $3 million for severance and other related expenses in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. 

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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (“HEI”) conducts all of its homebuilding and financial services operations through its subsidiaries (references herein to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to HEI and its consolidated subsidiaries and should be understood to reflect the consolidated business of HEI’s subsidiaries).

Key Performance Indicators

The following key performance indicators are commonly used in the homebuilding industry and by management as a means to better understand our operating performance, trends affecting our business and compare our performance with the performance of other homebuilders. We believe these key performance indicators also provide useful information to investors in analyzing our performance:

● Net contracts is a volume indicator which represents the number of new contracts executed during the period for the purchase of homes, less cancellations of contracts in the same period. The dollar value of net contracts represents the dollars associated with net contracts executed in the period. These values are an indicator of potential future revenues;

● Contract backlog is a volume indicator which represents the number of homes that are under contract, but not yet delivered as of the stated date. The dollar value of contract backlog represents the dollar amount of the homes in contract backlog. These values are an indicator of potential future revenues;

● Active selling communities is a volume indicator which represents the number of communities which are open for sale with ten or more home sites available as of the end of a period. We identify communities based on product type, therefore at times there are multiple communities at one land site. These values are an indicator of potential revenues;

● Net contracts per average active selling community is used to indicate the pace at which homes are being sold (put into contract) in active selling communities and is calculated by dividing the number of net contracts in a period by the average number of active selling communities in the same period. Sales pace is an indicator of market strength and demand; and

● Contract cancellation rates is a volume indicator which represents the number of sales contracts cancelled in the period divided by the number of gross sales contracts executed during the period. Contract cancellation rates as a percentage of backlog is calculated by dividing the number of cancelled contracts in the period by the contract backlog at the beginning of the period. Cancellation rates as compared to prior periods can be an indicator of market strength or weakness.   

Overview

Market Conditions and COVID-19 Impact and Strategy 

The demand for new and existing homes is dependent on a variety of demographic and economic factors, including job and wage growth, household formation, consumer confidence, mortgage financing, interest rates and overall housing affordability. In general, at the start of our fiscal year, factors including rising levels of household formation, a constrained supply of new and used homes, wage growth, strong employment conditions and mortgage rates that continue to be low by historical standards were contributing to improving conditions for new home sales. However, overall economic conditions in the United States have been impacted negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in, among other things, quarantines, “stay-at-home” or "shelter-in-place" orders, and similar mandates from national, state and local governments that substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations. At the current time, all of the state and local governments in the markets in which we operate are allowing construction and sales of homes.  However, due to uncertainty surrounding this ongoing public health crisis and its continued impact on the U.S. economy, we cannot predict either the near-term or long-term effects that the pandemic will have on our business.

In response to the pandemic, we are actively taking steps to navigate through this extraordinary period by placing our highest priority on helping to protect the health and safety of our associates, trade partners and customers. We have implemented appropriate health and safety protocols so that our community construction and sales activities, wherever authorized, could continue operations, followed recommended social distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer and transitioned our non-essential office employees to a work from home environment. We also temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the general public, and our sales teams shifted to an appointment-only home sales process, leveraging virtual sales tools to connect with our customers online. Very recently, in some of our markets, we have re-opened sales offices where allowed by local governments. In the field, we implemented construction site health and safety guidelines to ensure both our employees and our trade partners adhere to social distancing requirements.

Our strategy over the past several years, including through the start of our second fiscal quarter, has been to grow through increased open for sale communities. While our community count grew throughout fiscal 2019, our community count decreased 6.4% from 141 communities at October 31, 2019 to 132 at April 30, 2020 and decreased 10.2% from 147 communities at April 30, 2019, due to selling through communities faster than anticipated, as well as transferring four previously owned communities to a new unconsolidated joint venture in the first half of fiscal 2020. Despite the recent decrease, the increases in community count through the past year have resulted in increased year-over-year delivery growth, as discussed further below. 

During the quarter ended April 30, 2020, we experienced adverse business conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a slowdown in customer traffic and sales pace and an increase in cancellations. To mitigate the adverse impacts, the Company is implementing initiatives to maximize positive cash flow, retain a strong liquidity position and optimize the organization, including, but not limited to, by focusing on closing homes in backlog and limiting cash expenditures, reducing or delaying certain land purchases and land development activity and beginning work on unsold homes and electing to draw in full the $125.0 million available under its Secured Credit Agreement. These actions are expected to reduce growth and may cause a decline of our community count and the number of homes deliveries in the third quarter of 2020 and future periods. Further, in May 2020, the Company announced certain operational optimization measures including streamlining the organizational structure by: (1) transitioning from three homebuilding operational Groups to two; (2) consolidating several business units, resulting in the reduction of three Divisional offices; and (3) gradually phasing out of the Chicago market as it sells through its existing communities. In addition, the Company took measures to reduce overhead expenses through a combination of furloughs, layoffs and other cost reduction measures, the implementation of which will continue through fiscal 2020. We expect these steps to reduce our annualized overhead expense by approximately $20 million beginning in fiscal 2021. The Company expects to take a charge of approximately $3 million for severance and other related expenses in the third quarter of fiscal 2020.  The Company’s senior leadership is monitoring the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to adjust our operations as needed.

Although our sales pace has increased since the end of the second fiscal quarter, the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown, we may experience material declines in our net contracts, deliveries, revenues, cash flow and/or profitability in one or more periods during the remainder of fiscal 2020 and beyond, compared to the corresponding prior-year periods, and compared to our expectations at the beginning of our 2020 fiscal year. In addition, if conditions in the overall housing market or in a specific market worsen in the future beyond our current expectations, if future changes in our business strategy significantly affect any key assumptions used in our projections of future cash flows, or if there are material changes in any of the other items we consider in assessing recoverability, we may recognize charges in future periods for inventory impairments related to our current inventory assets or other reorganization activities. Any such charges could be material to our consolidated financial statements. For further discussion of the potential impacts on our business from the COVID-19 pandemic, see Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors below.

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Operating Results

Despite the COVID-19 related slow-downs experienced from mid-March through early April as described above, we had positive operating results for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 as follows:

● For the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, sale of homes revenues increased 22.4% and 27.0%, respectively, as compared to the same periods of the prior year, as a result of a 22.1% and 24.8% increase in deliveries, respectively, primarily due to our increased community count that occurred during fiscal 2019.

● Gross margin percentage increased to 14.5% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 from 13.3% for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and decreased slightly to 13.7% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 from 14.0% for the six months ended April 30, 2019. Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges, increased from 16.9% and 17.3% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, to 18.2% and 17.8% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively. The increases were primarily due to the mix of communities delivered and increased volume during the periods.

● Selling, general and administrative costs (including corporate general and administrative expenses) decreased $4.5 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the same periods of the prior year. As a percentage of total revenue, such costs decreased from 13.7% and 14.7% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, to 10.4% and 11.3% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively.

● Active selling communities at April 30, 2020 decreased by 10.2% over last year’s second quarter. Net contracts decreased 3.8% and increased 13.3% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year.

● Net contracts per average active selling community increased to 11.1 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to 10.5 in the same period of the prior year, and increased to 20.7 for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to 18.2 in the same period of the prior year.

● Contract backlog increased from 2,254 homes at April 30, 2019 to 2,383 homes at April 30, 2020, with a dollar value of $958.1 million, representing a 0.9% increase in dollar value compared to the prior year.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

As disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, our most critical accounting policies relate to income recognition from mortgage loans; inventories; unconsolidated joint ventures; and warranty and construction defect reserves. Since October 31, 2019, there have been no significant changes to those critical accounting policies.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Our operations consist primarily of residential housing development and sales in the Northeast (New Jersey and Pennsylvania), the Mid-Atlantic (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia), the Midwest (Illinois and Ohio), the Southeast (Florida, Georgia and South Carolina), the Southwest (Arizona and Texas) and the West (California). In addition, we provide certain financial services to our homebuilding customers.

We have historically funded our homebuilding and financial services operations with cash flows from operating activities, borrowings under our credit facilities, the issuance of new debt and equity securities and other financing activities. Due to covenant restrictions in our debt instruments, we are currently limited in the amount of debt we can incur that does not qualify as refinancing indebtedness with certain maturity requirements (a limitation that we expect to continue for the foreseeable future), even if market conditions would otherwise be favorable, which could also impact our ability to grow our business. 

Operating, Investing and Financing Activities – Overview

Our total liquidity at April 30, 2020 was $247.1 million, including $232.8 million in homebuilding cash and cash equivalents after fully drawing $125.0 million from our senior secured revolving credit facility, which we drew given the uncertain environment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and as a precautionary measure to maximize financial flexibility and increase our current cash position. This is slightly above our target liquidity range of $170.0 to $245.0 million. The unprecedented public health and governmental efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have created significant uncertainty as to general economic and housing market conditions for the remainder of 2020 and beyond. As of the date of this report, we believe that these sources of cash (including our borrowings on our senior secured revolving credit facility) will be sufficient through fiscal 2020 to finance our working capital requirements. 

We spent $232.3 million on land and land development during the period. After considering this land and land development and all other operating activities, including revenue received from deliveries, we had $79.7 million of cash provided from operations. During the first half of fiscal 2020, cash used in investing activities was $21.3 million, primarily due to an investment in a new unconsolidated joint venture, partially offset by distributions from existing unconsolidated joint ventures. Cash provided from financing activities was $42.7 million during the first half of fiscal 2020, which was primarily due to the $125.0 million draw-down of our senior secured revolving credit facility, partially offset by net payments of $80.8 million made on our mortgage warehouse lines of credit. We intend to continue to use nonrecourse mortgage financings, model sale leaseback, joint ventures, and, subject to covenant restrictions in our debt instruments, land banking programs as our business needs dictate.

Our cash uses during the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 were for operating expenses, land purchases, land deposits, land development, construction spending, state income taxes, interest payments, financing transaction costs, litigation matters and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. During these periods, we provided for our cash requirements from available cash on hand, housing and land sales, financing transactions, model sale leasebacks, land banking transactions, unconsolidated joint ventures, financial service revenues and other revenues.

Our net income (loss) historically does not approximate cash flow from operating activities. The difference between net income (loss) and cash flow from operating activities is primarily caused by changes in inventory levels together with changes in receivables, prepaid and other assets, mortgage loans held for sale, interest and other accrued liabilities, deferred income taxes, accounts payable and other liabilities, and noncash charges relating to depreciation, stock compensation awards and impairment losses for inventory. When we are expanding our operations, inventory levels, prepaids and other assets increase causing cash flow from operating activities to decrease. Certain liabilities also increase as operations expand and partially offset the negative effect on cash flow from operations caused by the increase in inventory levels, prepaids and other assets. Similarly, as our mortgage operations expand, net income from these operations increases, but for cash flow purposes, net income is partially offset by the net change in mortgage assets and liabilities. The opposite is true as our investment in new land purchases and development of new communities decrease, causing us to generate positive cash flow from operations. During the first six months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, with continued spending on land purchases and land development, we used cash from operations.

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Debt Transactions

Senior notes and credit facilities balances as of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, were as follows:

	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$136,714		$218,994
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	69,683		211,391
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	158,502		-
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	350,000		350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	282,322		282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	162,269		103,141
Total Senior Secured Notes	$1,159,490		$1,165,848
Senior Notes:
8.0% Senior Notes due November 1, 2027 (1)	$-		$-
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	90,590		90,590
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	90,120		90,120
Total Senior Notes	$180,710		$180,710
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	$39,551		$202,547
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	$81,498		$-
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (2)	$125,000		$-
Net discounts and premiums	$21,461		$(49,145	)
Net debt issuance costs	$(24,203	)	$(19,970	)
Total Senior Notes and Credit Facilities, net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs	$1,583,507		$1,479,990

(1) $26.0 million of 8.0% Senior Notes are owned by a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary of HEI. Therefore, in accordance with GAAP, such notes are not reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of HEI. On November 1, 2019, the maturity of the 8.0% Senior Notes was extended to November 1, 2027.

(2) At April 30, 2020, provides for up to $125.0 million in aggregate amount of senior secured first lien revolving loans. Availability thereunder will terminate on December 28, 2022.

Except for K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes and borrower under the Credit Facilities (as defined below), our home mortgage subsidiaries, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures, we and each of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the Credit Facilities, the senior secured notes and senior notes outstanding at April 30, 2020 (collectively, the “Notes Guarantors”).

The credit agreements governing the Credit Facilities and the indentures governing the senior secured and senior notes (together, the “Debt Instruments”) outstanding at April 30, 2020 do not contain any financial maintenance covenants, but do contain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of HEI and certain of its subsidiaries, including K. Hovnanian, to incur additional indebtedness (other than non-recourse indebtedness, certain permitted indebtedness and refinancing indebtedness), pay dividends and make distributions on common and preferred stock, repay certain indebtedness prior to its respective stated maturity, repurchase common and preferred stock, make other restricted payments (including investments), sell certain assets (including in certain land banking transactions), incur liens, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The Debt Instruments also contain customary events of default which would permit the lenders or holders thereof to exercise remedies with respect to the collateral (as applicable), declare the loans made under the Unsecured Term Loan Facility (defined below) (the “Unsecured Term Loans”), loans made under the Secured Term Loan Facility (defined below) (the “Secured Term Loans”) and loans made under the Secured Credit Agreement (as defined below) (the “Secured Revolving Loans”) or notes to be immediately due and payable if not cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments on the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans, Secured Revolving Loans or notes or other material indebtedness, cross default to other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency, with respect to the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties and with respect to the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans, a change of control, and, with respect to the Secured Term Loans, Secured Revolving Loans and senior secured notes, the failure of the documents granting security for the obligations under the secured Debt Instruments to be in full force and effect, and the failure of the liens on any material portion of the collateral securing the obligations under the secured Debt Instruments to be valid and perfected. As of April 30, 2020, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants of the Debt Instruments.

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If our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio is less than 2.0 to 1.0, as defined in the applicable Debt Instrument, we are restricted from making certain payments, including dividends, and from incurring indebtedness other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness and nonrecourse indebtedness. As a result of this ratio restriction, we are currently restricted from paying dividends (in the case of the payment of dividends on preferred stock, our secured debt leverage ratio must also be less than 4.0 to 1.0), which are not cumulative, on our 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends for the foreseeable future. Our inability to pay dividends is in accordance with covenant restrictions and will not result in a default under our Debt Instruments or otherwise affect compliance with any of the covenants contained in our Debt Instruments.

Under the terms of our Debt Instruments, we have the right to make certain redemptions and prepayments and, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions, may do so from time to time. We also continue to actively analyze and evaluate our capital structure and explore transactions to simplify our capital structure and to strengthen our balance sheet, including those that reduce leverage and/or extend maturities, and will seek to do so with the right opportunity. We may also continue to make debt purchases and/or exchanges for debt or equity from time to time through tender offers, exchange offers, open market purchases, private transactions, or otherwise, or seek to raise additional debt or equity capital, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions.

Any liquidity-enhancing or other capital raising or refinancing transaction will depend on identifying counterparties, negotiation of documentation and applicable closing conditions and any required approvals. Due to covenant restrictions in our Debt Instruments, we are currently limited in the amount of debt we can incur that does not qualify as refinancing indebtedness with certain maturity requirements as discussed above (a limitation that we expect to continue for the foreseeable future), even if market conditions would otherwise be favorable, which could also impact our ability to grow our business.

We have certain stand-alone cash collateralized letter of credit agreements and facilities under which there was a total of $14.0 million and $19.2 million letters of credit outstanding at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively. These agreements and facilities require us to maintain specified amounts of cash as collateral in segregated accounts to support the letters of credit issued thereunder, which will affect the amount of cash we have available for other uses. At April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the amount of cash collateral in these segregated accounts was $14.3 million and $19.9 million, respectively, which is reflected in “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

See Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of the Unsecured Term Loans, the Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans and K. Hovnanian’s senior secured notes and senior notes.

Mortgages and Notes Payable

We have nonrecourse mortgage loans for certain communities totaling $211.8 million and $203.6 million (net of debt issuance costs) at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, which are secured by the related real property, including any improvements, with an aggregate book value of $440.4 million and $410.2 million, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on these obligations was 7.7% and 8.3% at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, and the mortgage loan payments on each community primarily correspond to home deliveries.

Our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiary, K. Hovnanian American Mortgage, LLC (“K. Hovnanian Mortgage”), originates mortgage loans primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans and related servicing rights are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time. In certain instances, we retain the servicing rights for a small amount of loans. K. Hovnanian Mortgage finances the origination of mortgage loans through various master repurchase agreements, which are recorded in financial services liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The loans are secured by the mortgages held for sale and are repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. As of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, we had an aggregate of $59.5 million and $140.2 million, respectively, outstanding under several of K. Hovnanian Mortgage’s short-term borrowing facilities.

See Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of these agreements.

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Inventory Activities

Total inventory, excluding consolidated inventory not owned, decreased $11.9 million during the six months ended April 30, 2020 from October 31, 2019. Total inventory, excluding consolidated inventory not owned, decreased in the Northeast by $11.0 million, in the Mid-Atlantic by $6.1 million, in the Southeast by $5.4 million and in the West by $10.4 million. The decrease was partially offset by increases in the Midwest of $4.6 million and in the Southwest of $16.4 million. The net decrease was primarily attributable to home deliveries during the period, partially offset by new land purchases and land development. During the six months ended April 30, 2020, we wrote-off costs in the amount of $3.8 million related to land options that expired or that we terminated, as the communities’ forecasted profitability was not projected to produce adequate returns on investment commensurate with the risk. In the last few years, we have been able to acquire new land parcels at prices that we believe will generate reasonable returns under current homebuilding market conditions. This trend may not continue in either the near or the long term. Substantially all homes under construction or completed and included in inventory at April 30, 2020 are expected to be delivered during the next six to nine months.  

Consolidated inventory not owned increased $7.9 million. Consolidated inventory not owned consists of options related to land banking and model financing transactions that were added to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with US GAAP. The increase from October 31, 2019 to April 30, 2020 was primarily due to an increase in land banking transactions, partially offset by a decrease in the sale and leaseback of certain model homes during the period. We have land banking arrangements, whereby we sell land parcels to the land bankers and they provide us an option to purchase back finished lots on a predetermined schedule. Because of our options to repurchase these parcels, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-70, these transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. For purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, at April 30, 2020, inventory of $153.6 million was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned,” with a corresponding amount of $101.2 million (net of debt issuance costs) recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions. In addition, we sell and lease back certain of our model homes with the right to participate in the potential profit when each home is sold to a third party at the end of the respective lease. As a result of our continued involvement, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-68, these sale and leaseback transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. Therefore, for purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, at April 30, 2020, inventory of $44.6 million was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned,” with a corresponding amount of $43.3 million (net of debt issuance costs) recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions.

When possible, we option property for development prior to acquisition. By optioning property, we are only subject to the loss of the cost of the option and predevelopment costs if we choose not to exercise the option. As a result, our commitment for major land acquisitions is reduced. The costs associated with optioned properties are included in “Land and land options held for future development or sale” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Also included in “Land and land options held for future development or sale” are amounts associated with inventory in mothballed communities. We mothball (or stop development on) certain communities when we determine the current performance does not justify further investment at the time. That is, we believe we will generate higher returns if we decide against spending money to improve land today and save the raw land until such time as the markets improve or we determine to sell the property. As of April 30, 2020, we had mothballed land in 13 communities. The book value associated with these communities at April 30, 2020 was $13.8 million, which was net of impairment charges recorded in prior periods of $138.1 million. We continually review communities to determine if mothballing is appropriate. During the first half of fiscal 2020, we did not mothball any additional communities, or sell any previously mothballed communities, but we re-activated a portion of one previously mothballed community.

Inventories held for sale, which are land parcels where we have decided not to build homes and are actively marketing the land for sale, are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. At both April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, there were no inventories held for sale. In determining fair value for land held for sale, management considers, among other things, prices for land in recent comparable sale transactions, market analysis studies, which include the estimated price a willing buyer would pay for the land (other than in a forced liquidation sale) and recent bona fide offers received from outside third parties.

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The following tables summarize home sites included in our total residential real estate. The decrease in total home sites available at April 30, 2020 compared to October 31, 2019 is attributable to delivering homes and terminating certain option agreements, as well as contributing eight previously owned communities, including four active communities, to a new unconsolidated joint venture in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, partially offset by signing new land option agreements and acquiring new land parcels.

		Active	Proposed
	Active	Communities	Developable	Total
	Communities(1)	Homes	Homes	Homes
April 30, 2020:
Northeast	4	537	2,883	3,420
Mid-Atlantic	20	2,146	3,262	5,408
Midwest	15	1,515	1,319	2,834
Southeast	12	1,837	1,717	3,554
Southwest	56	4,486	2,673	7,159
West	25	2,381	2,241	4,622
Consolidated total	132	12,902	14,095	26,997
Unconsolidated joint ventures (2)	24	5,116	-	5,116
Owned		6,903	3,794	10,697
Optioned		5,736	10,301	16,037
Controlled lots		12,639	14,095	26,734
Construction to permanent financing lots		263	-	263
Consolidated total		12,902	14,095	26,997

(1) Active communities are open for sale communities with ten or more home sites available. We identify communities based on product type. Therefore, at times there are multiple communities at one land site.

(2) Represents active communities and home sites for our unconsolidated homebuilding joint ventures for the period. We provide this data as a supplement to our consolidated results as an indicator of the volume managed in our unconsolidated joint ventures. See Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our unconsolidated joint ventures. 

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		Active	Proposed
	Active	Communities	Developable	Total
	Communities(1)	Homes	Homes	Homes
October 31, 2019:
Northeast	6	499	2,798	3,297
Mid-Atlantic	25	2,281	3,016	5,297
Midwest	16	1,758	2,140	3,898
Southeast	17	2,628	2,065	4,693
Southwest	58	4,487	2,701	7,188
West	19	2,465	2,795	5,260
Consolidated total	141	14,118	15,515	29,633
Unconsolidated joint ventures (2)	22	4,226	-	4,226
Owned		7,522	3,852	11,374
Optioned		6,341	11,663	18,004
Controlled lots		13,863	15,515	29,378
Construction to permanent financing lots		255	-	255
Consolidated total		14,118	15,515	29,633

(1)	Active communities are open for sale communities with ten or more home sites available. We identify communities based on product type. Therefore, at times there are multiple communities at one land site.
(2)	Represents active communities and home sites for our unconsolidated homebuilding joint ventures for the period. We provide this data as a supplement to our consolidated results as an indicator of the volume managed in our unconsolidated joint ventures. See Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our unconsolidated joint ventures.

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The following table summarizes our started or completed unsold homes and models, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures, in active and substantially completed communities. The decrease in unsold homes from October 31, 2019 to April 30, 2020 was primarily due to our decision to delay starting unsold homes given the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in model homes during the period was primarily due to new model homes in communities that are preparing to open for sale.

	April 30, 2020			October 31, 2019
	Unsold			Unsold
	Homes	Models	Total	Homes	Models	Total
Northeast	47	8	55	58	12	70
Mid-Atlantic	48	17	65	63	12	75
Midwest	34	9	43	31	10	41
Southeast	86	18	104	78	15	93
Southwest	267	19	286	320	12	332
West	132	31	163	213	19	232
Total	614	102	716	763	80	843
Started or completed unsold homes and models per active selling communities (1)	4.6	0.8	5.4	5.4	0.6	6.0

(1) Active selling communities (which are communities that are open for sale with ten or more home sites available) were 132 and 141 at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively. This ratio does not include substantially completed communities, which are communities with less than ten home sites available.

Other Balance Sheet Activities

Homebuilding Restricted cash and cash equivalents decreased $4.9 million from October 31, 2019 to $16.9 million at April 30, 2020. The decrease was due to a reduction in cash collateralization of our stand-alone letters of credit during the period.

Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures increased $12.3 million to $139.3 million at April 30, 2020 compared to October 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a new unconsolidated joint venture entered into in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, partially offset by unconsolidated joint venture partner distributions during the period. As of April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, we had investments in 11 and ten unconsolidated homebuilding joint ventures, respectively, and one unconsolidated land development joint venture for both periods. We have no guarantees associated with our unconsolidated joint ventures, other than guarantees limited only to performance and completion of development, environmental indemnification and standard warranty and representation against fraud, misrepresentation and similar actions, including a voluntary bankruptcy.

Receivables, deposits and notes, net decreased $12.2 million from October 31, 2019 to $32.7 million at April 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the timing of home closings, along with the receipt of a receivable during the period related to the funding of the satisfaction and discharge of certain of our senior secured notes in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019. 

Prepaid expenses and other assets were as follows as of:

	April 30,	October 31,	Dollar
(In thousands)	2020	2019	Change
Prepaid insurance	$1,621	$2,061	$(440	)
Prepaid project costs	31,684	32,015	(331	)
Other prepaids	10,264	10,808	(544	)
Other assets	678	820	(142	)
Lease right of use asset	21,144	-	21,144
Total	$65,391	$45,704	$19,687

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Prepaid insurance decreased slightly during the three months ended April 30, 2020 due to the timing of premium payments. These costs are amortized over the life of the associated insurance policy, which can be one to three years. Prepaid project costs consist of community specific expenditures that are used over the life of the community. Such prepaid costs are expensed as homes are delivered. Lease right of use asset represents the net present value of our operating leases which, in connection with the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-02 on November 1, 2019, are now required to be recorded as an asset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Other prepaids decreased slightly primarily due to the amortization of costs for certain software and related services during the period.

Financial services assets consist primarily of residential mortgages receivable held for sale of which $71.9 million and $163.0 million at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively, were being temporarily warehoused and are awaiting sale in the secondary mortgage market. The decrease in mortgage loans held for sale from October 31, 2019 was related to a decrease in the volume of loans originated during the second quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, primarily due to the decrease in deliveries, partially offset by an increase in the average loan value. 

Nonrecourse mortgages secured by inventory increased to $211.8 million at April 30, 2020 from $203.6 million at October 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to additional loan borrowings on existing mortgages, along with new mortgages for communities in most of our segments obtained during the six months ended April 30, 2020, partially offset by the payment of existing mortgages.

Accounts payable and other liabilities are as follows as of:

	April 30,	October 31,	Dollar
(In thousands)	2020	2019	Change
Accounts payable	$123,851	$141,667	$(17,816	)
Reserves	90,427	92,083	(1,656	)
Lease liability	22,165	-	22,165
Accrued expenses	13,297	19,208	(5,911	)
Accrued compensation	34,508	53,157	(18,649	)
Other liabilities	11,679	14,078	(2,399	)
Total	$295,927	$320,193	$(24,266	)

The decrease in accounts payable was primarily due to the lower volume of deliveries in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019. Lease liability represents the net present value of our minimum lease obligations, which as discussed above, are required to be recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-02 on November 1, 2019. Accrued expenses decreased primarily due to the timing of property tax payments, along with the timing of certain accruals for legal fees associated with debt financing transactions during fiscal 2019. The decrease in accrued compensation was primarily due to the payment of our fiscal year 2019 bonuses during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, partially offset by the accrual of fiscal 2020 bonuses in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. Other liabilities decreased primarily due to the transfer of a municipal loan from a previously consolidated community to a new unconsolidated joint venture formed in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, partially offset by an increase related to the timing of hospitalization claims and payments during the period.

Liabilities from inventory not owned increased $3.5 million to $144.5 million at April 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase in land banking activity during the period, partially offset by a decrease in the sale and leaseback of certain model homes, both accounted for as financing transactions as described above.     

Financial Services (liabilities) decreased $78.7 million from $169.1 million at October 31, 2019, to $90.4 million at April 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in amounts outstanding under our mortgage warehouse lines of credit, and directly correlates to the decrease in the volume of mortgage loans held for sale during the period.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2020 COMPARED TO THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2019

Total Revenues

Compared to the same prior period, revenues increased as follows:

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
	April 30,	April 30,	Dollar		Percentage
(Dollars in thousands)	2020	2019	Change		Change
Homebuilding:
Sale of homes	$523,347	$427,552	$95,795		22.4	%
Land sales and other revenues	643	832	(189	)	(22.7	)%
Financial services	14,361	12,307	2,054		16.7	%
Total revenues	$538,351	$440,691	$97,660		22.2	%

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
	April 30,	April 30,	Dollar		Percentage
(Dollars in thousands)	2020	2019	Change		Change
Homebuilding:
Sale of homes	$1,002,580	$789,687	$212,893		27.0	%
Land sales and other revenues	1,452	9,683	(8,231	)	(85.0	)%
Financial services	28,375	21,915	6,460		29.5	%
Total revenues	$1,032,407	$821,285	$211,122		25.7	%

Homebuilding

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, sale of homes revenues increased $95.8 million, or 22.4% and $212.9 million, or 27.0%, respectively, as compared to the same periods of the prior year. These increases were primarily due to the number of home deliveries increasing 22.1% and 24.8% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, along with a 0.2% and 1.7% increase in the average price per home, respectively. The average price per home increased to $394,979 in the three months ended April 30, 2020 from $394,057 in the three months ended April 30, 2019. The average price per home increased to $391,480 in the six months ended April 30, 2020 from $384,838 in the six months ended April 30, 2019. The minor increase in average price was the result of the geographic and community mix of our deliveries. Land sales are ancillary to our homebuilding operations and are expected to continue in the future but may significantly fluctuate up or down. For further details on the decrease in land sales and other revenues, see the section titled “Land Sales and Other Revenues” below.

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Information on homes delivered by segment is set forth below:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020	2019	% Change		2020	2019	% Change
Northeast:
Dollars	$46,791	$13,040	258.8	%	$92,055	$25,545	260.4	%
Homes	94	23	308.7	%	175	45	288.9	%
Mid-Atlantic:
Dollars	$89,677	$80,818	11.0	%	$177,266	$133,997	32.3	%
Homes	168	142	18.3	%	323	253	27.7	%
Midwest:
Dollars	$56,543	$42,870	31.9	%	$102,935	$87,759	17.3	%
Homes	184	141	30.5	%	343	290	18.3	%
Southeast:
Dollars	$56,317	$49,346	14.1	%	$92,997	$93,229	(0.2	)%
Homes	127	123	3.3	%	224	231	(3.0	)%
Southwest:
Dollars	$170,485	$143,634	18.7	%	$334,188	$261,497	27.8	%
Homes	515	431	19.5	%	1,008	796	26.6	%
West:
Dollars	$103,534	$97,844	5.8	%	$203,139	$187,660	8.2	%
Homes	237	225	5.3	%	488	437	11.7	%
Consolidated total:
Dollars	$523,347	$427,552	22.4	%	$1,002,580	$789,687	27.0	%
Homes	1,325	1,085	22.1	%	2,561	2,052	24.8	%
Unconsolidated joint ventures (1)
Dollars	$112,196	$124,776	(10.1	)%	$198,545	$219,803	(9.7	)%
Homes	188	195	(3.6	)%	337	347	(2.9	)%

(1) Represents housing revenues and home deliveries for our unconsolidated homebuilding joint ventures for the period. We provide this data as a supplement to our consolidated results as an indicator of the volume managed in our unconsolidated joint ventures. See Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our unconsolidated joint ventures.

As discussed above, the overall increase in consolidated housing revenues during the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of the prior year was attributed to an increase in deliveries, along with an increase in average sales price.

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An important indicator of our future results are recently signed contracts and our home contract backlog for future deliveries. Our sales contracts and homes in contract backlog by segment are set forth below:

	Net Contracts (1) for the		Net Contracts (1) for the
	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended		Contract Backlog as of
	April 30,		April 30,		April 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019
Northeast:
Dollars	$23,266	$62,580	$56,269	$97,530	$50,771	$102,481
Homes	66	104	129	156	106	162
Mid-Atlantic:
Dollars	$128,652	$118,245	$222,354	$199,759	$228,622	$246,307
Homes	247	199	430	350	429	393
Midwest:
Dollars	$54,501	$68,744	$112,777	$105,790	$132,523	$125,181
Homes	174	235	361	362	468	466
Southeast:
Dollars	$48,508	$64,772	$115,666	$105,232	$131,695	$120,140
Homes	109	155	264	250	287	270
Southwest:
Dollars	$187,493	$192,630	$365,926	$307,968	$262,634	$227,325
Homes	582	559	1,110	921	765	648
West:
Dollars	$139,418	$120,616	$230,250	$177,634	$151,812	$128,422
Homes	309	294	515	441	328	315
Consolidated total:
Dollars	$581,838	$627,587	$1,103,242	$993,913	$958,057	$949,856
Homes	1,487	1,546	2,809	2,480	2,383	2,254
Unconsolidated joint ventures:(2)
Dollars	$127,283	$131,282	$249,041	$216,851	$267,368	$228,730
Homes	439	229	704	363	884	382

(1)  Net contracts are defined as new contracts executed during the period for the purchase of homes, less cancellations of contracts in the same period.

(2) Represents net contract dollars, net contract homes and contract backlog dollars and homes for our unconsolidated homebuilding joint ventures for the period. We provide this data as a supplement to our consolidated results as an indicator of the volume managed in our unconsolidated joint ventures. See Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our unconsolidated joint ventures.

In the first half of 2020, our open for sale community count decreased to 132 from 141 at October 31, 2019, which was the net result of opening 29 new communities, closing 34 communities and contributing four communities to an unconsolidated joint venture since the beginning of fiscal 2020. Our reported level of sales contracts (net of cancellations) has been positively impacted by an increase in sales pace per community in the first half of fiscal 2020 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, net contracts per average active selling community for the three months ended April 30, 2020 increased to 11.1 compared to 10.5 for the same period in the prior year. Net contracts per average active selling community for the six months ended April 30, 2020 increased to 20.7 compared to 18.2 for the same period in the prior year.

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Cancellation rates represent the number of cancelled contracts in the quarter divided by the number of gross sales contracts executed in the quarter. For comparison, the following are historical cancellation rates, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures:

Quarter	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
First	19	%	24	%	18	%	19	%	20	%
Second	23	%	19	%	17	%	18	%	19	%
Third			19	%	19	%	19	%	21	%
Fourth			21	%	23	%	22	%	20	%

Another common and meaningful way to analyze our cancellation trends is to compare the number of contract cancellations as a percentage of the beginning backlog. The following table provides this historical comparison, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures:

Quarter	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
First	14	%	16	%	12	%	12	%	13	%
Second	20	%	20	%	15	%	16	%	14	%
Third			16	%	14	%	13	%	12	%
Fourth			14	%	13	%	12	%	11	%

Most cancellations occur within the legal rescission period, which varies by state but is generally less than two weeks after the signing of the contract. Cancellations also occur as a result of a buyer’s failure to qualify for a mortgage, which generally occurs during the first few weeks after signing. As shown in the tables above, contract cancellations over the past several years have been within what we believe to be a normal range but did increase in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Market conditions and further impacts from COVID-19 remain uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what cancellation rates will be in the future.

Total cost of sales on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations includes expenses for consolidated housing and land and lot sales, including inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs (defined as “land charges” in the tables below). A breakout of such expenses for housing sales and homebuilding gross margin is set forth below.

Homebuilding gross margin before cost of sales interest expense and land charges is a non-GAAP financial measure. This measure should not be considered as an alternative to homebuilding gross margin determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating performance.

Management believes this non-GAAP measure enables investors to better understand our operating performance. This measure is also useful internally, helping management evaluate our operating results on a consolidated basis and relative to other companies in our industry. In particular, the magnitude and volatility of land charges for the Company, and for other homebuilders, have been significant and, as such, have made financial analysis of our industry more difficult. Homebuilding metrics excluding land charges, as well as interest amortized to cost of sales, and other similar presentations prepared by analysts and other companies are frequently used to assist investors in understanding and comparing the operating characteristics of homebuilding activities by eliminating many of the differences in companies’ respective level of impairments and levels of debt.

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	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Sale of homes	$523,347		$427,552		$1,002,580		$789,687
Cost of sales, excluding interest expense and land charges	427,944		355,477		824,262		653,047
Homebuilding gross margin, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges	95,403		72,075		178,318		136,640
Cost of sales interest expense, excluding land sales interest expense	18,537		13,898		36,673		24,140
Homebuilding gross margin, after cost of sales interest expense, before land charges	76,866		58,177		141,645		112,500
Land charges	1,010		1,462		3,838		2,166
Homebuilding gross margin	$75,856		$56,715		$137,807		$110,334
Gross margin percentage	14.5	%	13.3	%	13.7	%	14.0	%
Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges	18.2	%	16.9	%	17.8	%	17.3	%
Gross margin percentage, after cost of sales interest expense, before land charges	14.7	%	13.6	%	14.1	%	14.2	%

Cost of sales expenses as a percentage of consolidated home sales revenues are presented below:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Sale of homes	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales, excluding interest expense and land charges:
Housing, land and development costs	72.3	%	72.8	%	72.5	%	72.3	%
Commissions	3.6	%	3.6	%	3.5	%	3.5	%
Financing concessions	1.3	%	1.3	%	1.4	%	1.3	%
Overheads	4.6	%	5.4	%	4.8	%	5.5	%
Total cost of sales, before interest expense and land charges	81.8	%	83.1	%	82.2	%	82.6	%
Cost of sales interest	3.5	%	3.3	%	3.7	%	3.1	%
Land charges	0.2	%	0.3	%	0.4	%	0.3	%
Gross margin percentage	14.5	%	13.3	%	13.7	%	14.0	%
Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges	18.2	%	16.9	%	17.8	%	17.3	%
Gross margin percentage, after cost of sales interest expense and before land charges	14.7	%	13.6	%	14.1	%	14.2	%

We sell a variety of home types in various communities, each yielding a different gross margin. As a result, depending on the mix of communities delivering homes, consolidated gross margin may fluctuate up or down. Total homebuilding gross margin percentage increased to 14.5% during the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to 13.3% for the same period last year and decreased to 13.7% during the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to 14.0% for the same period last year. This increase for the three months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily attributed to the mix of communities delivering in each period, as well as, an increase in volume which allowed us to better leverage our overhead costs. This decrease for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily attributed to an increase in cost of sales interest, as well as the impact of additional incentives on spec homes delivered in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and was also the result of the mix of communities delivering in each period. Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges, increased from 16.9% for the three months ended April 30, 2019 to 18.2% for the three months ended April 30, 2020, and increased from 17.3% for the six months ended April 30, 2019 to 17.8% for the six months ended April 30, 2020. This increase for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily attributed to the mix of communities delivering in each period, as well as, an increase in volume which allowed us to better leverage our overhead costs.

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Reflected as inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs in cost of sales, we wrote-off or wrote-down certain inventories totaling $1.0 million and $1.5 million during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3.8 million and $2.2 million during the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to their estimated fair value. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, we wrote-off residential land options and approval and engineering costs amounting to $1.0 million and $3.8 million, respectively, compared to $0.5 and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, which are included in the total land charges discussed above. Option, approval and engineering costs are written-off when a community’s pro forma profitability is not projected to produce adequate returns on the investment commensurate with the risk and when we believe it is probable we will cancel the option or when a community is redesigned engineering costs related to the initial design are written-off. Such write-offs were located in all of our segments in the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019. We did not record any inventory impairments during the three and six months ended April 30, 2020. We recorded inventory impairments of $1.0 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, which were primarily related to three communities in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. It is difficult to predict impairment levels, and should it become necessary or desirable to have additional land sales, further lower prices, or should the estimates or expectations used in determining estimated cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we may need to recognize additional impairments.

Land Sales and Other Revenues

Land sales and other revenues consist primarily of land and lot sales. A breakout of land and lot sales is set forth below:

	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	April 30,			April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019	2020		2019
Land and lot sales	$50		$-	$75		$7,508
Cost of sales, excluding interest	83		-	120		7,357
Land and lot sales gross margin, excluding interest	(33	)	-	(45	)	151
Land and lot sales interest expense	52		-	52		-
Land and lot sales gross margin, including interest	$(85	)	$-	$(97	)	$151

Land sales are ancillary to our residential homebuilding operations and are expected to continue in the future but may significantly fluctuate up or down. Although we budget land sales, they are often dependent upon receiving approvals and entitlements, the timing of which can be uncertain. As a result, projecting the amount and timing of land sales is difficult. Revenue associated with land sales can vary significantly due to the mix of land parcels sold. There were two land sales in the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to no land sales for the same period of the prior year. There were three land sales in the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to four land sales in the same period of the prior year, resulting in a decrease of $7.4 million in land sales revenues.

Land sales and other revenues decreased $0.2 million and $8.2 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior year. Other revenues include income from contract cancellations where the deposit has been forfeited due to contract terminations, interest income, cash discounts and miscellaneous one-time receipts. The slight decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the same period of the prior was mainly due to less interest income earned as a result of lower interest rates on interest bearing accounts. The decrease for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year was mainly due to the decrease in land sales discussed above. 

Homebuilding Selling, General and Administrative

Homebuilding selling, general and administrative (“SGA”) expenses decreased $3.6 million and $5.6 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. The decrease for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 is attributed to lower selling overhead and advertising costs, as a result of the reduction of our community count. SGA expenses as a percentage of homebuilding revenues decreased to 7.7% and 8.1% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, respectively, compared to 10.3% and 10.9% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, as a result of the 22.3% and 25.6% increase in homebuilding revenue for the same periods, respectively. 

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HOMEBUILDING OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT 

Segment Analysis

	Three Months Ended April 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except average sales price)	2020		2019		Variance		Variance %
Northeast
Homebuilding revenue	$46,798		$13,059		$33,739		258.4	%
Income before income taxes	$6,722		$125		$6,597		5277.6	%
Homes delivered	94		23		71		308.7	%
Average sales price	$497,777		$566,957		$(69,180	)	(12.2	)%
Mid-Atlantic
Homebuilding revenue	$89,738		$80,847		$8,891		11.0	%
Income before income taxes	$5,466		$393		$5,073		1290.8	%
Homes delivered	168		142		26		18.3	%
Average sales price	$533,792		$569,141		$(35,349	)	(6.2	)%
Midwest
Homebuilding revenue	$56,673		$42,937		$13,736		32.0	%
Loss before income taxes	$(385	)	$(594	)	$209		35.2	%
Homes delivered	184		141		43		30.5	%
Average sales price	$307,299		$304,035		$3,264		1.1	%
Southeast
Homebuilding revenue	$56,369		$49,382		$6,987		14.1	%
Income (loss) before income taxes	$50		$(4,132	)	$4,182		101.2	%
Homes delivered	127		123		4		3.3	%
Average sales price	$443,441		$401,187		$42,254		10.5	%
Southwest
Homebuilding revenue	$170,654		$143,850		$26,804		18.6	%
Income before income taxes	$13,052		$4,286		$8,766		204.5	%
Homes delivered	515		431		84		19.5	%
Average sales price	$331,039		$333,258		$(2,219	)	(0.7	)%
West
Homebuilding revenue	$103,603		$97,883		$5,720		5.8	%
Income before income taxes	$2,723		$10,310		$(7,587	)	(73.6	)%
Homes delivered	237		225		12		5.3	%
Average sales price	$436,852		$434,862		$1,990		0.5	%

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	Six Months Ended April 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except average sales price)	2020		2019		Variance		Variance %
Northeast
Homebuilding revenue	$92,074		$33,000		$59,074		179.0	%
Income before income taxes	$12,463		$6,004		$6,459		107.6	%
Homes delivered	175		45		130		288.9	%
Average sales price	$526,029		$567,667		$(41,638	)	(7.3	)%
Mid-Atlantic
Homebuilding revenue	$177,497		$134,277		$43,220		32.2	%
Income before income taxes	$9,524		$386		$9,138		2367.4	%
Homes delivered	323		253		70		27.7	%
Average sales price	$548,811		$529,632		$19,179		3.6	%
Midwest
Homebuilding revenue	$103,117		$87,858		$15,259		17.4	%
Loss before income taxes	$(3,828	)	$(1,443	)	$(2,385	)	(165.3	)%
Homes delivered	343		290		53		18.3	%
Average sales price	$300,102		$302,617		$(2,515	)	(0.8	)%
Southeast
Homebuilding revenue	$93,143		$93,373		$(230	)	(0.2	)%
Loss before income taxes	$(4,261	)	$(7,061	)	$2,800		39.7	%
Homes delivered	224		231		(7	)	(3.0	)%
Average sales price	$415,165		$403,589		$11,576		2.9	%
Southwest
Homebuilding revenue	$334,553		$262,049		$72,504		27.7	%
Income before income taxes	$21,672		$6,672		$15,000		224.8	%
Homes delivered	1,008		796		212		26.6	%
Average sales price	$331,536		$328,514		$3,022		0.9	%
West
Homebuilding revenue	$203,224		$187,784		$15,440		8.2	%
Income before income taxes	$4,334		$22,015		$(17,681	)	(80.3	)%
Homes delivered	488		437		51		11.7	%
Average sales price	$416,268		$429,428		$(13,160	)	(3.1	)%

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Homebuilding Results by Segment 

Northeast - Homebuilding revenues increased 258.4% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended April 30, 2020 was attributed to a 308.7% increase in homes delivered, partially offset by a 12.2% decrease in average sales price. The decrease in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering smaller single family homes, townhomes and affordable-housing homes in mid to higher-end submarkets of the segment in the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2019 that had higher priced, single family homes in higher-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering. Also impacting the decrease in average sales price was an increase in pricing concessions and a decrease in location premiums in certain communities.

Income before income taxes increased $6.6 million to $6.7 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year, which was primarily the result of the increase in homebuilding revenues discussed above and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense.

Homebuilding revenues increased 179.0% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase was attributed to a 288.9% increase in homes delivered, partially offset by a 7.3% decrease in average sales price and a $7.5 million decrease in land sales and other revenue. The decrease in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering smaller single family homes, townhomes and affordable-housing homes in mid to higher-end submarkets of the segment in the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2019 that had higher priced, single family homes also in higher-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering. Also impacting the decrease in average sales price was an increase in pricing concessions and a decrease in location premiums in certain communities.

Income before income taxes increased $6.5 million to $12.5 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year. The increase was mainly due to the increase in homebuilding revenues discussed above, a $0.6 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs, and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense, partially offset by a $7.4 million decrease in income from unconsolidated joint ventures.

Mid-Atlantic - Homebuilding revenues increased 11.0% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to an 18.3% increase in homes delivered, partially offset by a 6.2% decrease in average sales price for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering lower priced, smaller single family homes and townhomes in lower-end submarkets of the segment in the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2019 that had higher priced, larger single family homes and townhomes in higher-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering.

Income before income taxes increased $5.1 million to $5.5 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year, which was primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenue discussed above, a $0.6 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the period compared to the same period of the prior year.

Homebuilding revenues increased 32.2% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 27.7% increase in homes delivered and a 3.6% increase in average sales price for the six months ended April 30, 2020. The increase in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering higher priced, larger single family homes and townhomes in higher-end submarkets of the segment in the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2019 that had lower priced, smaller single family homes and townhomes in lower-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering.

Income before income taxes increased $9.1 million to $9.5 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year, which was primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenues discussed above, a $1.1 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense. 

Midwest - Homebuilding revenues increased 32.0% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was due to a 30.5% increase in homes delivered, while the average sales price was essentially flat with a 1.1% increase.

Loss before income taxes improved $0.2 million to a loss of $0.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The improvement was primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenue discussed above and a $0.2 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs, partially offset by a slight decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense.

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Homebuilding revenues increased 17.4% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to an 18.3% increase in homes delivered, while the average sales price was essentially flat with a 0.8% decrease.

Loss before income taxes increased $2.4 million to a loss of $3.8 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the $2.7 million increase in inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs and a slight decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense, partially offset by the increase in homebuilding revenue discussed above.

Southeast – Homebuilding revenues increased 14.1% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was due to a 3.3% increase in homes delivered and a 10.5% increase in average sales price. The increase in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering higher priced, larger single family homes in higher-end submarkets of the segment in the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2019 that had lower priced, smaller single family homes in lower-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering. Also impacting the increase in average sales price was an increase in base price and a decrease in pricing concessions in certain communities.

Loss before income taxes improved $4.2 million to income of $0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenue discussed above, an $0.8 million decrease to selling, general and administrative costs and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the period compared to the same period of the prior year.

Homebuilding revenues decreased 0.2% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The slight decrease for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was attributed a 3.0% decrease in homes delivered, partially offset by a 2.9% increase in average sales price. The increase in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering higher priced, larger single family homes in higher-end submarkets of the segment in the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2019 that had lower priced, smaller single family homes in lower-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering. Also impacting the increase in average sales price was an increase in base price and a decrease in pricing concessions in certain communities.

Loss before income taxes improved $2.8 million to a loss of $4.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020, primarily due to a $1.8 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs, a $1.0 million improvement in loss from unconsolidated joint ventures and a slight increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense

Southwest - Homebuilding revenues increased 18.6% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in homebuilding revenues was primarily due to a 19.5% increase in homes delivered, while average sales price was essentially flat with a 0.7% decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2020. 

Income before income taxes increased $8.8 million to $13.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to the increase in homebuilding revenue discussed above and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year.

Homebuilding revenues increased 27.7% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 26.6% increase in homes delivered, while average sales price was essentially flat with a 0.9% increase for the six months ended April 30, 2020.

Income before income taxes increased $15.0 million to $21.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was due to the increase in homebuilding revenues discussed above and an increase in gross margin percentage before interest expense.

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West - Homebuilding revenues increased 5.8% for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase for the three months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily attributed to a 5.3% increase in homes delivered, while average sales price was essentially flat with a 0.5% increase.

Income before income taxes decreased $7.6 million to $2.7 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020. The decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily due to a significant decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the period compared to the same period of the prior year.

Homebuilding revenues increased 8.2% for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily attributed to an 11.7% increase in homes delivered, partially offset by a 3.1% decrease in average sales price. The decrease in average sales price was the result of new communities delivering lower priced, smaller single family homes in lower-end submarkets of the segment in the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to some communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2019 that had higher priced, larger single family homes in higher-end submarkets of the segment that are no longer delivering.

Income before income taxes decreased $17.7 million to $4.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a significant decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Financial Services

Financial services consist primarily of originating mortgages from our home buyers, selling such mortgages in the secondary market, and title insurance activities. We use mandatory investor commitments and forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) to hedge our mortgage-related interest rate exposure on agency and government loans. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk associated with MBS forward commitments and loan sales transactions is managed by limiting our counterparties to investment banks, federally regulated bank affiliates and other investors meeting our credit standards. Our risk, in the event of default by the purchaser, is the difference between the contract price and fair value of the MBS forward commitments. For the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019, Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration (“FHA/VA”) loans represented 32.2% and 30.0%, respectively, of our total loans. The origination of FHA/VA loans increased from the first half of fiscal 2019 to the first half of fiscal 2020 and our conforming conventional loan originations as a percentage of our total loans increased slightly from 65.4% to 65.6% for these periods, respectively. The origination of loans which exceed conforming conventions decreased from 4.6% for the first half of fiscal 2019 to 2.2% for the first half of fiscal 2020. Profits and losses relating to the sale of mortgage loans are recognized when legal control passes to the buyer of the mortgage and the sales price is collected.

During the three and six months ended April 30, 2020, financial services provided a $4.7 million and $9.2 million pretax profit, respectively, compared to $3.6 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of pretax profit for the same periods of fiscal 2019. This increase in pretax profit was attributed to the increase in the homebuilding deliveries and an increase in the average price of the loans settled. Also impacting the increase for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was the increase in the basis point spread between the loans originated and the implied rate from the sale of the loans. In the market areas served by our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiaries, 68.4% and 68.3% of our noncash homebuyers obtained mortgages originated by these subsidiaries during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 68.5% and 69.4% of our noncash homebuyers obtained mortgages originated by these subsidiaries for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

Corporate General and Administrative

Corporate general and administrative expenses include the operations at our headquarters in New Jersey. These expenses include payroll, stock compensation, facility costs and rent and other costs associated with our executive offices, legal expenses, information services, human resources, corporate accounting, training, treasury, process redesign, internal audit, national and digital marketing, construction services and administration of insurance, quality and safety. Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased slightly to $15.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $16.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The slight decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to 2019 was primarily due to lower compensation expense from the cancellation of certain market stock units awards based on performance conditions which were not met and a reduction in certain of our long-term incentive plans as a result of performance conditions which are no longer expected to meet target, as well as with our lower common stock price at the end of the second fiscal quarter and forfeitures of shares due to associate terminations. Corporate general and administrative expenses increased to $35.0 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $33.8 million for the six months ended April 30, 2019, primarily due to a lower adjustment to reserves for self-insured medical claims in the current fiscal year compared to the prior fiscal year, which were reduced based on claim estimates, and additional costs pertaining to software licenses and support fees for cybersecurity and monitoring services.

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Other Interest

Other interest increased $4.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2019 and increased $6.9 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the six months ended April 30, 2019. Our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) are less than our debt, and therefore the portion of interest not covered by qualifying assets is directly expensed. Other interest increased for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the three and six months ended April 30, 2019 because we incurred more interest as a result of the increase in nonrecourse mortgages at April 30, 2020 compared to April 30, 2019, and as a result of the debt exchange in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

(Loss) Gain on Extinguishment of Debt

On December 10, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement providing for $81.5 million of senior secured 1.75 lien term loans in exchange for $163.0 million of senior unsecured term loans. On December 10, 2019, the Company also issued $158.5 million of 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 in exchange for $23.2 million of 10.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 and $141.7 million 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2024. These transactions were accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-60, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt of $9.5 million. Additional costs incurred pertaining to this transaction resulted in a $0.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the three months ended April 30, 2020.

Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures consists of our share of the earnings or losses of our unconsolidated joint ventures. Income from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased $1.0 million to $6.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and decreased $9.1 million to $7.8 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to the recognition of our share of income from certain of our joint ventures delivering less homes in the current fiscal year as compared to the prior fiscal year. Also impacting the decrease is income recorded in the first half of fiscal 2019 related to the return of capital from an unconsolidated joint venture in which we had previously written-off our investment.

Total Taxes

The total income tax expense of $1.8 million recognized for the six months ended April 30, 2020 was primarily related to state tax expense from the impact of the cancellation of debt income recorded for tax purposes but not for GAAP purposes, creating a permanent difference. The total income tax expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020, and $0.3 million and $0.7 million recognized for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019, respectively, was primarily related to state tax expense from income generated that was not offset by tax benefits in states where we fully reserve the tax benefit from net operating losses.

Inflation

Inflation has a long-term effect, because increasing costs of land, materials and labor result in increasing sale prices of our homes. In general, these price increases have been commensurate with the general rate of inflation in our housing markets and have not had a significant adverse effect on the sale of our homes. A significant risk faced by the housing industry generally is that rising house construction costs, including land and interest costs, will substantially outpace increases in the income of potential purchasers and therefore limit our ability to raise home sale prices, which may result in lower gross margins.

Inflation has a lesser short-term effect, because we generally negotiate fixed-price contracts with many, but not all, of our subcontractors and material suppliers for the construction of our homes. These prices usually are applicable for a specified number of residential buildings or for a time period of between three to twelve months. Construction costs for residential buildings represent approximately 53.2% of our homebuilding cost of sales for the six months ended April 30, 2020.

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Safe Harbor Statement

All statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts should be considered as “Forward-Looking Statements” within the meaning of the “Safe Harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include but are not limited to statements related to the Company's goals and expectations with respect to its financial results for future financial periods. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in, or suggested by, such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. By their nature, forward-looking statements: (i) speak only as of the date they are made, (ii) are not guarantees of future performance or results and (iii) are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict or quantify. Therefore, actual results could differ materially and adversely from those forward-looking statements as result of a variety of factors. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to:

● The material and adverse disruption, and the expected continued disruption, to our business caused by the present outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19 and the measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it;

● Changes in general and local economic, industry and business conditions and impacts of a significant homebuilding downturn;

● Adverse weather and other environmental conditions and natural disasters;

● High leverage and restrictions on the Company’s operations and activities imposed by the agreements governing the Company’s outstanding indebtedness;

● Availability and terms of financing to the Company;

● The Company’s sources of liquidity;

● Changes in credit ratings;

● The seasonality of the Company’s business;

●  The availability and cost of suitable land and improved lots and sufficient liquidity to invest in such land and lots;

● Shortages in, and price fluctuations of, raw materials and labor, including due to changes in trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and duties on homebuilding materials and products and related trade disputes with and retaliatory measures taken by other countries;

● Reliance on, and the performance of, subcontractors;

●  Regional and local economic factors, including dependency on certain sectors of the economy, and employment levels affecting home prices and sales activity in the markets where the Company builds homes;

● Increases in cancellations of agreements of sale;

● Fluctuations in interest rates and the availability of mortgage financing;

● Changes in tax laws affecting the after-tax costs of owning a home;

● Operations through unconsolidated joint ventures with third parties;

● Government regulation, including regulations concerning development of land, the home building, sales and customer financing processes, tax laws and the environment;

● Legal claims brought against us and not resolved in our favor, such as product liability litigation, warranty claims and claims made by mortgage investors;

● Levels of competition;

● Successful identification and integration of acquisitions;

● Significant influence of the Company’s controlling stockholders;

● Availability of net operating loss carryforwards;

● Utility shortages and outages or rate fluctuations;

● Geopolitical risks, terrorist acts and other acts of war;

● Diseases, pandemics or other severe public health events;

● Loss of key management personnel or failure to attract qualified personnel;

● Information technology failures and data security breaches; and

● Negative publicity.

Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors are described in detail in Part I, Item 1 “Business” and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. Except as otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

A primary market risk facing us is interest rate risk on our long-term debt, including debt instruments at variable interest rates. In connection with our mortgage operations, mortgage loans held for sale and the associated mortgage warehouse lines of credit under our Master Repurchase Agreements are subject to interest rate risk; however, such obligations reprice frequently and are short-term in duration. In addition, we hedge the interest rate risk on mortgage loans by obtaining forward commitments from private investors. Accordingly, the interest rate risk from mortgage loans is not material. We do not use financial instruments to hedge interest rate risk except with respect to mortgage loans. We are also subject to foreign currency risk but we do not believe this risk is material. The following table sets forth as of April 30, 2020, our long-term debt obligations, principal cash flows by scheduled maturity, weighted-average interest rates and estimated fair value (“FV”).

	Long Term Debt as of April 30, 2020 by Fiscal Year of Expected Maturity Date
																						FV at
(Dollars in thousands)	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			Thereafter			Total			4/30/20
Long term debt(1)(2):
Fixed rate		$-			$-			$136,714			$125,000			$69,683			$1,254,852			$1,586,249			$1,238,501
Weighted average interest rate		-	%		-	%		10.00	%		7.75	%		10.50	%		8.12	%		9.36	%

(1)	Does not include the mortgage warehouse lines of credit made under our Master Repurchase Agreements.
(2)	Does not include $211.8 million of nonrecourse mortgages secured by inventory. These mortgages have various maturities spread over the next two to three years and are paid off as homes are delivered.

Item 4.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of April 30, 2020. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to accomplish their objectives.

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended April 30, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information with respect to legal proceedings is incorporated into this Part II, Item 1 from Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019, other than as set forth below.

Our business has been, and could continue to be, materially and adversely disrupted by the present outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19 and the measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it.

The present outbreak and worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the measures undertaken by governmental authorities to address it, have, and could continue to, significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business in the ordinary course for an extended period, and thereby, and/or along with any associated economic and consumer uncertainty, have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency concerning the outbreak, and many states and municipalities have since declared public health emergencies. Along with these declarations, there have been extraordinary and wide-ranging actions taken by international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in the United States and across the world, including quarantines, “stay-at-home” or "shelter in place" orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.

In response to the various governmental measures, in mid-March 2020, we temporarily closed our sales offices, model homes and design studios to the general public, shifted to an appointment-only personalized home sales process where permitted and have been leveraging our virtual sales tools—including our centralized Internet sales platform—to give customers the ability to search for homes over the Internet and speak to our sales representatives virtually prior to making an appointment to view a home. We have also followed recommended social distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer. In addition, we shifted our corporate and division office functions to work remotely. We also prioritized our warranty service activities to respond to emergency repair requests.

The above measures, combined with limiting our construction operations to authorized activities and a reduction in the availability, capacity and efficiency of municipal and private services necessary to the progress of land development, homebuilding, completing mortgage loans and delivering homes, which in each case has varied by market depending on the scope of state and local restrictions, substantially tempered our sales pace in the latter part of March and early April. Although our sales pace and net contracts have increased more recently, levels remain below those pre-COVID-19, and we remain uncertain regarding the full long-term magnitude or duration of the business and economic impacts from the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, although some of the regions in which we operate are gradually beginning to re-open and are permitting businesses to resume normal operations, the COVID-19 public health effort may be intensified once again particularly if there is a resurgence of the illness in the future.

Our business could also continue to be negatively impacted over the medium-to-longer term if the lasting disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic decrease consumer confidence generally or more particularly with respect to purchasing a home; cause civil unrest; or precipitate a prolonged economic downturn and/or an extended rise in unemployment or tempering of wage growth, any of which could lower demand for our homes; impair our ability to sell and build homes in a typical manner or at all, generate revenues and cash flows, and/or access our senior secured revolving credit facility or the capital or lending markets (or significantly increase the costs of doing so), as may be necessary to sustain our business; increase the costs or decrease the supply of building materials or the availability of subcontractors and other talent, including as a result of infections or medically necessary or recommended self-quarantining, or governmental mandates to direct production activities to support public health efforts; and/or result in our recognizing charges in future periods, which may be material, for impairments, land option write-offs or restructuring. Such a circumstance could, among other things, exhaust our available liquidity (and ability to access liquidity sources) and/or trigger an acceleration to pay a significant portion or all of our then-outstanding debt obligations, which we may be unable to do. The impacts from COVID-19 may also further delay our ability to reverse all or any portion of our valuation allowance for deferred taxes. The inherent uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, due in part to rapidly changing governmental directives, public health challenges and progress, and market reactions thereto, also make it more challenging for our management to estimate the future performance of our business and develop strategies to generate growth or achieve our objectives. 

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Should the adverse impacts described above (or others that are currently unknown) occur or intensify, whether individually or collectively, we would expect to experience, among other things, decreases in our net contracts, homes delivered, average selling prices, revenues and profitability, some of which we experienced in March and April, and such impacts could be material to our consolidated financial statements in future periods.

Item 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On July 3, 2001, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to purchase up to 0.2 million shares of Class A Common Stock. The program has no expiration date. No shares of our Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock were purchased by or on behalf of the Company or any affiliated purchaser during the fiscal second quarter of 2020. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased under the Company’s repurchase plans or programs is 22 thousand.

Dividends

Certain debt agreements to which we are a party contain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. As a result of the most restrictive of these provisions, we are not currently able to pay any cash dividends. We have never paid a cash dividend to our common stockholders.

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Item 6.	EXHIBITS
3(a)	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed on March 29, 2019).
3(b)	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed on December 3, 2018).
4(a)	Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed on March 29, 2019).
4(b)	Specimen Class B Common Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed on March 29, 2019).
4(c)	Certificate of Designations, Powers, Preferences and Rights of the 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., dated July 12, 2005.(Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed on July 13, 2005).
4(d)	Certificate of Designations of the Series B Junior Preferred Stock of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., dated August 14, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant for the quarter ended July 31, 2008).
4(e)	Rights Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2008, between Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and National City Bank, as Rights Agent, which includes the Form of Certificate of Designation as Exhibit A, Form of Right Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights as Exhibit C (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A of the Registrant filed on August 14, 2008).
4(f)	Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement, dated as of January 11, 2018, between Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (as successor to National City Bank), as Rights Agent, which includes the amended and restated Form of Rights Certificate as Exhibit 1 and the amended and restated Summary of Rights as Exhibit 2 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed on January 11, 2018).
4(g)	Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 25, 2020, relating to the additional 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due 2026, among K. Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors named therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Agent, including the form of the additional 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due 2026 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed March 26, 2020).
10(a)*	2020 Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K of the Registrant filed March 25, 2020).
10(b)*	Retirement Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2020, between Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and Lucian T. Smith III.

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31(a)	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31(b)	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32(a)	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
32(b)	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
101	The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2020, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity Deficit for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
	* Management compensatory plan or agreement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Registrant)

DATE:	June 5, 2020
	/s/J. LARRY SORSBY
	J. Larry Sorsby
	Executive Vice President and
	Chief Financial Officer
DATE:	June 5, 2020
	/s/BRAD G. O’CONNOR
	Brad G. O’Connor
	Senior Vice President/Chief Accounting Officer/Treasurer

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EX-10.B

EXHIBIT 10(b)

RETIREMENT AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE

This Retirement Agreement and General Release (the “Agreement”) is dated as of May 18, 2020. K. Hovnanian Companies, LLC (referred to throughout this Agreement, together with Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and their respective affiliates, as “Employer” or “Hovnanian”), and Lucian Theon Smith III (referred to throughout this Agreement as “Employee”), agree that:

1.     Retirement Date. Employee will remain employed by Employer in his current position as Chief Operating Officer and, unless otherwise instructed by Employer in accordance with the following sentence, continue performing his regular duties associated with such position until November 30, 2020 (the “Retirement Date”). Employee understands and agrees, however, that Employer, in its sole discretion, may request Employee to immediately cease performing work duties at any time prior to the Retirement Date if Employer deems it is in its best interest to do so. Employee will, nonetheless, be paid his base salary amounts at his current annualized rate of $668,367 until the Retirement Date. Effective as of the Retirement Date, Employee will terminate employment and resign as Chief Operating Officer and from all other board and officer positions held by Employee with Employer.

2.     Consideration. In consideration for Employee's execution of this Agreement and subject to Employee’s fulfillment of the promises contained herein, Employer agrees to make the following payments, to which Employee is not otherwise entitled:

a.     to pay Employee the lump sum amount of $416,000.00, less lawful deductions, within 15 business days after the Retirement Date.

b.     to pay Employee an annual bonus in respect of Employer’s 2020 fiscal year during January 2021 (on or about the same time as bonus payments are made to similarly situated executives), with such bonus amount to be determined by Employer in accordance with its normal practices based on Employee’s and Employer’s performance during such fiscal year; provided, however, that such bonus payment shall be not less than $1,000,000.

3.     Revocation. Employee may revoke this Agreement for a period of seven (7) calendar days following the day Employee executes this Agreement. Any revocation within this period must be submitted, in writing, to Laura C. Dempsey. The revocation must be personally delivered or mailed to Laura C. Dempsey, Vice President, Human Resources, at 90 Matawan Road, 5th Floor, Matawan, NJ 07747, and delivered or postmarked within seven (7) calendar days of execution of this Agreement. This Agreement shall not become effective or enforceable until the revocation period has expired. If the last day of the revocation period is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, then the revocation period shall not expire until the next following day which is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.

4.     General Release of Claim. Employee, Employee's heirs, executors, administrators, fiduciaries, successors and/or assigns, knowingly and voluntarily release and forever give up, to the full extent permitted by law, Employer, Employer's past, present and future direct or indirect parent organizations, subsidiaries, divisions, affiliated entities, and their partners, officers, directors, trustees, administrators, fiduciaries, employment benefit plans and/or pension plans or funds, executors, attorneys, employees, insurers, reinsurers and/or agents and their successors and assigns individually and in their official capacities (collectively referred to herein as “Released Parties” or “Released Party”), jointly and severally, of and from all claims, known or unknown, that Employee has or may have against Released Parties as of the date of execution of this Agreement including, but not limited to, any alleged violation of:

● The National Labor Relations Act;

● Title VII of the Civil Rights Act;

● Civil Rights Act of 1991;

● Sections 1981 through 1988 of Title 42 of the United States Code;

● The Employee Retirement Income Security Act;

● The Fair Credit Reporting Act;

● The Immigration Reform Control Act;

● The Americans with Disabilities Act;

● The Age Discrimination in Employment Act, as amended;

● The Rehabilitation Act;

● The Occupational Safety and Health Act;

● The Family and Medical Leave Act;

● The Equal Pay Act;

● The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act;

● Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act;

● Employee Polygraph Protection Act;

● New Jersey Law Against Discrimination;

● New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act;

● all other New Jersey State Labor Laws;

● any other federal, state or local law or ordinance of similar effect, to the maximum extent permitted by law;

● any public policy, contract (oral, written or implied), tort, constitution or common law;

● any claims for vacation, sick or personal leave pay, short term or long term disability benefits, or payment pursuant to any practice, policy, handbook or manual; or

● any basis for costs, fees, or other expenses including attorneys' fees.

Employee hereby releases Released Parties from any and all claims, whether sounding in contract, tort, statute or constitution, and covenants not to sue Released Parties for any and all claims. Employee understands this Release includes all claims related in any manner to Employee's employment or the cessation of that employment. Employee further understands that Employee is hereby releasing any known or unknown claim for or alleged right to discovery of information or documents of Released Parties.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) this waiver and release of claims does not extend to any rights which as a matter of law cannot be waived and released, and (b) nothing in this agreement prevents or precludes Employee from filing an administrative charge under any applicable statute, or participating in any investigation conducted by a government agency; however, in any such investigation or proceeding, Employee agrees that Employee will not accept monetary relief of any kind, except Employee may accept any award offered under a federal or state bounty program.

5.     Affirmations.

a.     Employee affirms that Employee is not a party to, and that Employee has not filed or caused to be filed, any claim, complaint, charge or action against Released Parties in any forum or form.

b.     Employee acknowledges and agrees that Employee has been paid all compensation due through the date of this Agreement and that the compensation amounts payable to Employee pursuant to this Agreement will fully satisfy any amounts owed to Employee for services to be performed through the Retirement Date (and that Employee will not be entitled to receive any future equity awards or other incentive awards after the date of this Agreement, other than the annual bonus amount payable pursuant to Section 2(b) hereof), except that Employee’s final paycheck will also include all unused vacation pay accrued through the Retirement Date.

c.     Employee acknowledges and agrees that this Agreement supersedes any rights he may have under his employment letter agreement with Employer dated July 24, 2015, as amended (the “Employment Agreement”), and that Employee is not and will not be entitled to receive any termination or severance payments (other than as set forth in this Agreement) pursuant to the Employment Agreement or otherwise.

d.     Employee affirms that Employee has received all leave (paid or unpaid), to which Employee may be entitled and that no other leave (paid or unpaid), is due to Employee except as provided in this Agreement.

e.     Employee furthermore affirms that Employee has no known workplace injuries or occupational diseases, other than those that are already the subject of an existing workers compensation claim.

6.     Confidentiality. Employee acknowledges that, as an officer of Employer, Employee was privy to confidential, proprietary, and/or commercially sensitive information, the disclosure of which could substantially harm Employer's interests. Employee hereby agrees to maintain the confidentiality of such information and not to disclose same except as required to comply with court or regulatory action. In the event Employee or Employee's counsel believe either is compelled to provide or disclose information described in this paragraph, they will provide written notice of such belief, via facsimile and mail, to Laura C. Dempsey, Vice President, Human Resources, at 90 Matawan Road, 5th Floor, Matawan, NJ 07747, fax (732) 842-2907, no later than seven (7) business days prior to said production or disclosure. Nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit or impede Employee from communicating, cooperating or filing a complaint with any U.S. federal, state or local governmental or law enforcement branch, agency or entity (collectively, a “Governmental Entity”) with respect to possible violations of any U.S. federal, state or local law or regulation, or otherwise making disclosures to any Governmental Entity, in each case, that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of any such law or regulation, provided that in each case such communications and disclosures are consistent with applicable law. Employee understands and acknowledges that an individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made (i) in confidence to a federal, state, or local government official or to an attorney solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law, or (ii) in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. Employee understands and acknowledges further that an individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer for reporting a suspected violation of law may disclose the trade secret to the attorney of the individual and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if the individual files any document containing the trade secret under seal; and does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order. Notwithstanding the foregoing, under no circumstance will Employee be authorized to disclose any information covered by attorney-client privilege or attorney work product of the Company or any of its subsidiaries without prior written consent of Company’s General Counsel or other officer designated by the Company.

7.     Non-Disparagement. Employee agrees not to defame, disparage or demean Employer in any manner whatsoever.

8.     Non-Solicitation of Other Employees. To the extent permitted by law, Employee agrees not to solicit, directly or indirectly, any other employee of Employer to terminate or otherwise modify or alter his or her employment with Employer for two (2) years following the Retirement Date.

9.     Cooperation. Subject to Employee's other personal and professional obligations and on reasonable notice and at reasonable times, Employee will cooperate with Employer and its counsel in connection with any investigation, administrative or regulatory proceeding or litigation relating to any matter in which Employee was involved or of which Employee has knowledge as a result of Employee's employment with Employer and/or any Released Party or Released Parties.

10.     Return of Property. Employee has returned any and all property belonging to Released Parties, including, but not limited to, cellular phones, beepers, computers, laptops, passwords for electronic access and/or to access protected documents regarding Employer business, equipment, tools, materials, Employer related manuals, training materials, written files, electronic files, keys, security cards, documents, supplies, customer lists, customer information, confidential documents, etc.

11.     Consequences of Breach/Liquidated Damages. To the extent permitted by law, if Employee breaches this Agreement, including but not limited to Employee’s obligations set forth in Sections 1, 7 and 8 above, Employer and Employee agree that Employer shall be entitled to damages in the amount equal to the aggregate amounts paid pursuant to Section 2 hereof as a reasonable anticipation of Employer's damages and not as a penalty (the “Liquidated Damages”). Such Liquidated Damages shall be deemed to be a genuine advanced estimate of the foreseeable damages to be incurred by Employer due to any breach of this Agreement. This Liquidated Damages provision is a material provision of this Agreement, and any legal fees and costs reasonably incurred in the enforcement of same shall also be recoverable by Employer.

12.     Governing Law and Interpretation. This Agreement shall be governed and conformed in accordance with federal law, and to the extent federal law is not applicable the laws of the State of New Jersey without regard to its conflict of laws provision. In the event Employee or Employer breaches any provision of this Agreement, Employee and Employer affirm that either may institute an action against the other to specifically enforce any term or terms of this Agreement, in addition to any other legal or equitable relief permitted by law. Employer and Employee agree that if any provision of this Agreement is declared illegal or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the court shall modify the provision to the extent it is can be modified to be enforceable. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is declared illegal or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction and cannot be modified to be enforceable, excluding the general release language, it shall be stricken, leaving the remainder of this Agreement in full force and effect.

13.     Nonadmission of Wrongdoing. Employee agrees that neither this Agreement nor the furnishing of the consideration for this Agreement shall be deemed or construed at any time for any purpose as an admission by Employer of any liability or unlawful conduct of any kind.

14.     Amendment. This Agreement may not be modified, altered or changed except upon express written consent of both parties wherein specific reference is made to this Agreement.

15.     Entire Agreement. This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement between the Employee and Released Parties hereto, and fully supersedes any prior or contemporaneous agreements or understandings between Employee and Released Parties, including, without limitation, the Employment Agreement; provided, however, that this Agreement does not supersede or affect any confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-compete, invention, assignment of proprietary rights, or non-solicitation agreement(s) signed by Employee, including, without limitation, any equity award agreements entered into by Employee that contain any such restrictive covenant provisions. The obligations of such agreements remain in full force and effect and Employee expressly acknowledges Employee's intent to adhere to the promises contained in those agreements. Employee also acknowledges that Employee has not relied on any representation, promises, or agreements of any kind made in connection with the decision to sign this Agreement, except for those set forth in this Agreement.

16.     Tax Withholding. All amounts payable to Employee pursuant to this Agreement are subject to applicable tax withholdings.

EMPLOYEE IS ADVISED THAT EMPLOYEE HAS UP TO TWENTY-ONE (21) CALENDAR DAYS TO CONSIDER THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE AND IS HEREBY ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY PRIOR TO EXECUTION OF THIS RETIREMENT AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE.

HAVING ELECTED TO EXECUTE THIS RETIREMENT AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE, TO FULFILL THE PROMISES SET FORTH HEREIN, AND TO RECEIVE THEREBY THE SUMS AND BENEFITS SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH 2 ABOVE, EMPLOYEE FREELY AND KNOWINGLY, AND AFTER DUE CONSIDERATION, ENTERS INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE INTENDING TO WAIVE, SETTLE AND RELEASE ALL CLAIMS EMPLOYEE HAS OR MIGHT HAVE AGAINST RELEASED PARTIES AS OF THE DATE OF THE EXECUTION OF THIS AGREEMENT.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto knowingly and voluntarily executed this Agreement and General Release as of the date set forth below:

	ON BEHALF OF EMPLOYER
Lucian Theon Smith III	Ara Hovnanian
	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Employee's Signature	Signature
Date	Date

EX-31.A

CERTIFICATIONS

Exhibit 31(a)

I, Ara K. Hovnanian, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended April 30, 2020 of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 5, 2020

/s/ ARA K. HOVNANIAN
Ara K. Hovnanian
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.B

CERTIFICATIONS

Exhibit 31(b)

I, J. Larry Sorsby, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended April 30, 2020 of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (the “registrant”);

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 5, 2020

/s/J. LARRY SORSBY
J. Larry Sorsby
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.A

Exhibit 32(a)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended April 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ara K. Hovnanian, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 5, 2020

/s/ARA K. HOVNANIAN
Ara K. Hovnanian
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.B

Exhibit 32(b)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended April 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, J. Larry Sorsby, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 5, 2020

/s/J. LARRY SORSBY
J. Larry Sorsby
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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Note 10 - Mortgage Loans Held for Sale (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	April 30,			April 30,
(In thousands)	2020	2019		2020	2019
Loan origination reserves, beginning of period	$1,308	$1,264		$1,268	$2,563
Provisions for losses during the period	44	37		84	78
Adjustments to pre-existing provisions for losses from changes in estimates	6	(32	)	6	(22	)
Payments/Settlements	-	-		-	(1,350	)
Loan origination reserves, end of period	$1,358	$1,269		$1,358	$1,269

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Note 18 - Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]

(Dollars in thousands)	April 30, 2020
			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$86,565		$4,299		$90,864
Inventories	438,323		202		438,525
Other assets	27,782		399		28,181
Total assets	$552,670		$4,900		$557,570
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$121,018		$156		$121,174
Notes payable	126,090		-		126,090
Total liabilities	247,108		156		247,264
Equity of:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	132,877		4,323		137,200
Others	172,685		421		173,106
Total equity	305,562		4,744		310,306
Total liabilities and equity	$552,670		$4,900		$557,570
Debt to capitalization ratio	29	%	0	%	29	%

(Dollars in thousands)	October 31, 2019
			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$108,520		$2,203		$110,723
Inventories	397,804		6,038		403,842
Other assets	24,896		233		25,129
Total assets	$531,220		$8,474		$539,694
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$71,297		$592		$71,889
Notes payable	186,882		-		186,882
Total liabilities	258,179		592		258,771
Equity of:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	120,891		4,747		125,638
Others	152,150		3,135		155,285
Total equity	273,041		7,882		280,923
Total liabilities and equity	$531,220		$8,474		$539,694
Debt to capitalization ratio	41	%	0	%	40	%

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$112,812		$3,812		$116,624
Cost of sales and expenses	(107,453	)	(3,448	)	(110,901	)
Joint venture net income	$5,359		$364		$5,723
Our share of net income	$6,146		$181		$6,327

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$125,739		$2,591		$128,330
Cost of sales and expenses	(118,019	)	(2,146	)	(120,165	)
Joint venture net income	$7,720		$445		$8,165
Our share of net income	$7,083		$223		$7,306

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$199,776		$7,552		$207,328
Cost of sales and expenses	(196,004	)	(8,401	)	(204,405	)
Joint venture net income (loss)	$3,772		$(849	)	$2,923
Our share of net income (loss)	$7,616		$(425	)	$7,191

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2019
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$221,513		$3,596		$225,109
Cost of sales and expenses	(207,331	)	(3,117	)	(210,448	)
Joint venture net income	$14,182		$479		$14,661
Our share of net income	$16,624		$240		$16,864

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Note 11 - Mortgages

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Line of Credit [Text Block]

11. Mortgages

Nonrecourse.

We have nonrecourse mortgage loans for certain communities totaling

$211.8

million and

$203.6

million (net of debt issuance costs) at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively, which are secured by the related real property, including any improvements, with an aggregate book value of

$440.4

 million and

$410.2

million, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on these obligations was

7.7%

and

8.3%

at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively, and the mortgage loan payments on each community primarily correspond to home deliveries.

Mortgage Loans.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage originates mortgage loans primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans and related servicing rights are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time. In certain instances, we retain the servicing rights for a small amount of loans. K. Hovnanian Mortgage finances the origination of mortgage loans through various master repurchase agreements, which are recorded in financial services liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Our secured Master Repurchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Chase Master Repurchase Agreement”) is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to

$50.0

million through its maturity on

December 11, 2020.

The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly on outstanding advances at an adjusted LIBOR rate, which was

0.33%

at

April 30, 2020,

plus the applicable margin of

2.5%

or

2.625%

based upon type of loan. As of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Chase Master Repurchase Agreement was

$25.5

million and

$47.1

million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage has another secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Customers Bank (“Customers Master Repurchase Agreement”) which is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to

$50.0

million through its maturity on

February 12, 2021.

The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable daily or as loans are sold to permanent investors on outstanding advances at the current LIBOR rate, plus the applicable margin ranging from

2.125%

to

4.75%

based on the type of loan and the number of days outstanding on the warehouse line. As of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Customers Master Repurchase Agreement was

$18.0

million and

$47.6

million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage also has a secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Comerica Bank (“Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement”) which is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to

$50.0

million through its maturity on

December 18, 2020.

The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly at the current LIBOR rate, subject to a floor of

0.25%,

plus the applicable margin of

1.875%

or

3.25%

based upon the type of loan. As of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement was

$16.0

million and

$45.5

million, respectively.

The Chase Master Repurchase Agreement, Customers Master Repurchase Agreement and Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement (together, the “Master Repurchase Agreements”) require K. Hovnanian Mortgage to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Because of the extremely short period of time mortgages are held by K. Hovnanian Mortgage before the mortgages are sold to investors (generally a period of a few weeks), the immateriality to us on a consolidated basis of the size of the Master Repurchase Agreements, the levels required by these financial covenants, our ability based on our immediately available resources to contribute sufficient capital to cure any default, were such conditions to occur, and our right to cure any conditions of default based on the terms of the applicable agreement, we do

not

consider any of these covenants to be substantive or material. As of

April 30, 2020,

we believe we were in compliance with the covenants under the Master Repurchase Agreements.   

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Note 7 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business,

none

of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and we are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations that affect the development of land and home building, sales and customer financing processes, including zoning, density, building standards and mortgage financing. These laws and regulations often provide broad discretion to the administering governmental authorities. This can delay or increase the cost of development or homebuilding. The significant majority of our litigation matters are related to construction defect claims. Our estimated losses from construction defect litigation matters, if any, are included in our construction defect reserves.

We also are subject to a variety of local, state, federal and foreign laws and regulations concerning protection of health and the environment, including those regulating the emission or discharge of materials into the environment, the management of storm water runoff at construction sites, the handling, use, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, impacts to wetlands and other sensitive environments, and the remediation of contamination at properties that we have owned or developed or currently own or are developing (“environmental laws”). The particular environmental laws that apply to a site

may

vary greatly according to the community site, for example, due to the community, the environmental conditions at or near the site, and the present and former uses of the site. These environmental laws

may

result in delays,

may

cause us to incur substantial compliance, remediation and/or other costs, and can prohibit or severely restrict development and homebuilding activity. In addition, noncompliance with these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, obligations to remediate, permit revocations or other sanctions; and contamination or other environmental conditions at or in the vicinity of our developments

may

result in claims against us for personal injury, property damage or other losses.

We anticipate that increasingly stringent requirements will continue to be imposed on developers and homebuilders in the future. For example, for a number of years, the EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have been engaged in rulemakings to clarify the scope of federally regulated wetlands, which included a

June 2015

rule many affected businesses contend impermissibly expanded the scope of such wetlands that was challenged in court, stayed, and remains in litigation. A proposal was made in

June 2017

to formally rescind the

June 2015

rule and reinstate the rule scheme previously in place while the agencies initiate a new substantive rulemaking on the issue. A

February 2018

rule purported to delay the effective date of the

June 2015

rule until

February 2020,

but was enjoined nationwide in

August 2018

by a federal district court in South Carolina and later by a federal district court in the State of Washington in response to lawsuits (the net result of which, according to the EPA, was that the

June 2015

rule applied in

22

states, the District of Columbia, and the United States territories, and that the pre-

June 2015

regime applied in the rest). The EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have since promulgated a new rule, which became effective in

December 2019,

repealing the

June 2015

rule and reinstating for the time being the previous rule scheme nationwide; it is now the subject of several lawsuits contending it is invalid, including

one

by a coalition of

14

states and several local governments. And in

April 

2020,

the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers formally published the Navigable Waters Protection Rule, which they characterize as more appropriate for determining the scope of waters subject to federal permitting; after it formally takes effect in

June,

this rule is intended to replace the pre-

June 2015

regime; it is being challenged by

17

states in

one

lawsuit and by a number of environmental advocacy groups in at least

three

other lawsuits. It is unclear how these and related developments, including at the state or local level, ultimately

may

affect the scope of regulated wetlands where we operate. Although we cannot reliably predict the extent of any effect these developments regarding wetlands, or any other requirements that

may

take effect

may

have on us, they could result in time-consuming and expensive compliance programs and in substantial expenditures, which could cause delays and increase our cost of operations. In addition, our ability to obtain or renew permits or approvals and the continued effectiveness of permits already granted or approvals already obtained is dependent upon many factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as changes in policies, rules and regulations and their interpretations and application.

In

March 2013,

we received a letter from the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) requesting information about our involvement in a housing redevelopment project in Newark, New Jersey that a Company entity undertook during the

1990s.

We understand that the development is in the vicinity of a former lead smelter and that tests on soil samples from properties within the development conducted by the EPA showed elevated levels of lead. We also understand that the smelter ceased operations many years before the Company entity involved acquired the properties in the area and carried out the re-development project. We responded to the EPA’s request. In

August 

2013,

we were notified that the EPA considers us a potentially responsible party (or “PRP”) with respect to the site, that the EPA will clean up the site, and that the EPA is proposing that we fund and/or contribute towards the cleanup of the contamination at the site. We began preliminary discussions with the EPA concerning a possible resolution but do

not

know the scope or extent of the Company’s obligations, if any, that

may

arise from the site and therefore cannot provide any assurance that this matter will

not

have a material impact on the Company. The EPA requested additional information in

April 2014

and again in

March 2017

and the Company responded to the information requests. On

May 2, 2018

the EPA sent a letter to the Company entity demanding reimbursement for

100%

of the EPA’s costs to clean-up the site in the amount of

$2.7

million. The Company responded to the EPA’s demand letter on

June 15, 2018

setting forth the Company’s defenses and expressing its willingness to enter into settlement negotiations. The parties subsequently executed a tolling agreement to toll the statute of limitations on collection until

December 20, 2019

and later amended it to extend it to

June 20, 2020

to allow the parties time to discuss settlement. The Company received a letter from the EPA on

November 4, 2019

asking if the Company remained interested in settlement negotiations. The Company responded affirmatively and such negotiations are ongoing. Two other PRPs identified by the EPA are now also in negotiations with the EPA and in preliminary negotiations with the Company regarding the site. In the course of negotiations, the EPA informed the Company that the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has also incurred costs remediating part of the site. The EPA has since requested that the

three

 PRPs present a joint settlement offer to the EPA. The parties entered into a 

second

amendment to the Tolling Agreement, extending the date until

January 15, 2021.

We believe that we have adequate reserves for this matter.

In

2015,

the condominium association of the Four Seasons at Great Notch condominium community (the “Great Notch Plaintiff”) filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Passaic County (the “Court”) alleging various construction defects, design defects, and geotechnical issues relating to the community. The operative complaint (“Complaint”) asserts claims against Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and several of its affiliates, including K. Hovnanian at Great Notch, LLC, K. Hovnanian Construction Management, Inc., and K. Hovnanian Companies, LLC. The Complaint also asserts claims against various other design professionals and contractors. The Great Notch Plaintiff has also filed a motion, which remains pending, to permit it to pursue a claim to pierce the corporate veil of K. Hovnanian at Great Notch, LLC to hold its alleged parent entities liable for any damages awarded against it. To date, the Hovnanian-affiliated defendants have reached a partial settlement with the Great Notch Plaintiff as to a portion of the Great Notch Plaintiff’s claims against them for an amount immaterial to the Company. On its remaining claims against the Hovnanian-affiliated defendants, the Great Notch Plaintiff has asserted damages of approximately

$119.5

million, which amount is potentially subject to treble damages pursuant to the Great Notch Plaintiff’s claim under the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act. On

August 17, 2018,

the Hovnanian-affiliated defendants filed a motion for summary judgment seeking dismissal of all of the Great Notch Plaintiff’s remaining claims against them, which was withdrawn without prejudice to re-file with supplemental evidence. The trial is currently scheduled for

September 14, 2020.

An initial court-ordered mediation session took place on

November 19, 2019.

The additional mediation sessions scheduled for

April 27

and

28,

2020

were postponed due to the coronavirus (COVID-

19

) pandemic and are expected to be rescheduled after the courts reopen. The Hovnanian-affiliated defendants intend to defend these claims vigorously. 

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Note 3 - Interest

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Home Building Interest [Text Block]

3. Interest

Interest costs incurred, expensed and capitalized were:

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	April 30,		April 30,
(In thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019
Interest capitalized at beginning of period	$67,879	$74,455	$71,264	$68,117
Plus interest incurred(1)	45,323	41,383	89,657	80,236
Less cost of sales interest expensed	18,589	13,898	36,725	24,140
Less other interest expensed(2)(3)	26,869	22,663	51,872	44,936
Less interest contributed to unconsolidated joint venture(4)	-	-	4,580	-
Interest capitalized at end of period(5)	$67,744	$79,277	$67,744	$79,277

( 1 )

Data does not include interest incurred by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries.

( 2 )

Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8  million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1  million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

( 3 ) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Other interest expensed	$26,869		$22,663		$51,872		$44,936
Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries	509		514		1,279		1,203
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest	(5,553	)	(19,776	)	(17,371	)	(2,299	)
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest	$21,825		$3,401		$35,780		$43,840

( 4 )	Represents capitalized interest which was included as part of the assets contributed to the joint venture the Company entered into in December 2019, as discussed in Note 18. There was no impact to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as a result of this transaction.
( 5 )	Capitalized interest amounts are shown gross before allocating any portion of impairments, if any, to capitalized interest.

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Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Loans Held for Sale Mortgages Unpaid Principal	$ 72,800		$ 72,800		$ 161,100
Other Commitment, Total	33,500		33,500
Impairment of Real Estate	0	$ 1,000	0	$ 1,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term Line of Credit, Total					$ 0
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	0		0
Loan Origination Commitments [Member]
Loan Applications in Process	554,200		554,200
Interest Rate Committed Loan Applications	$ 70,300		$ 70,300
Loan Origination Commitments [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Number of Days in Committment (Day)			60 days

XML

Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Notes, Fair Value	$ 1,238,501	$ 1,310,638
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	161,543	356,429
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	1,076,958	954,209
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	125,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	125,000
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	88,522	189,430
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	88,522	189,430
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	35,203	166,999
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value		166,999
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	35,203
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	331,625	350,000
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	331,625	350,000
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	85,697
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	85,697
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	245,620	282,322
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	245,620	282,322
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	162,290	103,141
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	162,290	103,141
Senior Notes [Member] | The 13.5% 2026 Notes [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	46,080	80,254
Senior Notes [Member] | The 13.5% 2026 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Notes [Member] | The 13.5% 2026 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	46,080
Senior Notes [Member] | The 13.5% 2026 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value		80,254
Senior Notes [Member] | The 5.0% 2040 Notes [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	26,941	31,993
Senior Notes [Member] | The 5.0% 2040 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Notes [Member] | The 5.0% 2040 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	26,941
Senior Notes [Member] | The 5.0% 2040 Notes [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value		31,993
Unsecured Senior Term Loan [Member] | Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	24,613	106,499
Unsecured Senior Term Loan [Member] | Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Unsecured Senior Term Loan [Member] | Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Unsecured Senior Term Loan [Member] | Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	24,613	$ 106,499
Senior Secured Term Loan [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	66,910
Senior Secured Term Loan [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Term Loan [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value
Senior Secured Term Loan [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Notes, Fair Value	$ 66,910

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss)	$ 4,079	$ (15,257)	$ (5,069)	$ (32,709)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation			2,542	1,938
Compensation from stock options and awards			(204)	1,191
Amortization of bond discounts, premiums and deferred financing costs			1,442	3,880
Gain on sale and retirement of property and assets			(24)	(12)
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures	(6,221)	(7,252)	(7,761)	(16,814)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures			14,935	6,917
Gain on extinguishment of debt	174		(9,282)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint venture			33	(28)
Inventory impairment and land option write-offs			3,838	2,166
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Origination of mortgage loans			(562,842)	(435,012)
Sale of mortgage loans			653,979	474,457
Receivables, prepaids, deposits and other assets			17,345	4,712
Inventories			150	(192,059)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
State income tax payable			616	(1,244)
Customers’ deposits			(745)	7,867
Accounts payable, accrued interest and other accrued liabilities			(29,234)	(24,119)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			79,719	(198,869)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of property and assets			31	16
Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets and acquisitions			(1,867)	(1,956)
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures			(19,924)	(7,727)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures			441	5,756
Net cash used in investing activities			(21,319)	(3,911)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgages and notes			139,861	171,045
Payments related to mortgages and notes			(132,352)	(74,696)
Proceeds from model sale leaseback financing programs			3,307	14,905
Payments related to model sale leaseback financing programs			(11,606)	(6,627)
Proceeds from land bank financing programs			48,260	61,155
Payments related to land bank financing programs			(36,839)	(8,765)
Proceeds from partner contribution to consolidated joint ventures				594
Deferred financing costs from land bank financing program and note issuances			(12,117)	(3,962)
Net cash provided by financing activities			42,701	138,391
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents			101,101	(64,389)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents balance, beginning of period			182,266	232,992
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents balance, end of period	283,367	168,603	283,367	168,603
Supplemental disclosures of cash flows:
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements)	21,825	3,401	35,780	43,840
Cash paid for income taxes			1,266	1,936
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents balance, end of period	283,367	168,603	283,367	168,603
Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from senior secured notes, net of discount				21,348
Mortgage Warehouse Lines of Credit [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net borrowings (payments) related to lines of credit			(80,813)	(36,606)
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net borrowings (payments) related to lines of credit			125,000
Homebuilding [Member]
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Inventory impairment and land option write-offs	1,010	1,462	3,838	2,166
Supplemental disclosures of cash flows:
Cash and cash equivalents	232,801	123,998	232,801	123,998
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	16,052	17,223	16,052	17,223
Financial Services [Member]
Supplemental disclosures of cash flows:
Cash and cash equivalents	4,787	5,424	4,787	5,424
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 29,727	$ 21,958	$ 29,727	$ 21,958

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Note 11 - Mortgages (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
JP Morgan Chase Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 50,000
Warehouse Agreement Borrowings, Total	$ 25,500	$ 47,100
JP Morgan Chase Bank [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument Variable Rate Basis Adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR	0.33%
JP Morgan Chase Bank [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.50%
JP Morgan Chase Bank [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.625%
Customers Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 50,000
Warehouse Agreement Borrowings, Total	$ 18,000	47,600
Customers Bank [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.125%
Customers Bank [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	4.75%
Nonrecourse Mortgages Secured By Inventory [Member] | Mortgages [Member] | Homebuilding [Member]
Secured Debt, Total	$ 211,761	203,585
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount	$ 440,400	$ 410,200
Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate	7.70%	8.30%
Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 50,000
Warehouse Agreement Borrowings, Total	$ 16,000	$ 45,500
Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument Variable Rate Basis Floor Rate	0.25%
Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.875%
Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	3.25%

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Note 9 - Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Nov. 01, 2019
Operating lease cost	$ 2,625
Cash payments on lease liabilities	$ 2,308
Weighted-average remaining lease term (Year)	3 years 255 days
Weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate)	9.50%
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets [Member]
ROU assets	$ 21,144	$ 23,300
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]
Lease liabilities	$ 22,165	$ 24,400

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Assets	$ 1,905,571	$ 1,881,424
Senior notes and credit facilities (net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs)	1,583,507	1,479,990
Liabilities	2,400,644	2,371,200
Income taxes payable	2,917	2,301
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 100,000 shares; issued and outstanding 5,600 shares with a liquidation preference of $140,000 at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019	135,299	135,299
Paid in capital – common stock	715,243	715,504
Accumulated deficit	(1,231,042)	(1,225,973)
Treasury stock – at cost – 470,430 shares of Class A common stock and 27,669 shares of Class B common stock at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019	(115,360)	(115,360)
Total Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. stockholders' equity deficit	(495,793)	(490,463)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures	720	687
Total equity	(495,073)	(489,776)
Total liabilities and equity	1,905,571	1,881,424
Common Class A [Member]
Common stock	60	60
Common Class B [Member]
Common stock	7	7
Homebuilding [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	232,801	130,976
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	16,052	20,905
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	1,009,313	993,647
Land and land options held for future development or sale	80,955	108,565
Consolidated inventory not owned	198,229	190,273
Total inventories	1,288,497	1,292,485
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures	139,347	127,038
Receivables, deposits and notes, net	32,728	44,914
Property, plant and equipment, net	19,453	20,127
Prepaid expenses and other assets	65,391	45,704
Assets	1,794,269	1,682,149
Accounts payable and other liabilities	295,927	320,193
Customers’ deposits	35,127	35,872
Liabilities from inventory not owned, net of debt issuance costs	144,536	141,033
Senior notes and credit facilities (net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs)	1,583,507	1,479,990
Accrued interest	36,452	19,081
Liabilities	2,307,310	2,199,754
Homebuilding [Member] | Nonrecourse Mortgages Secured By Inventory [Member] | Mortgages [Member]
Nonrecourse mortgages, net of debt issuance costs	211,761	203,585
Financial Services [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	4,787
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	29,727	24,800
Assets	111,302	199,275
Liabilities	$ 90,417	$ 169,145

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Note 18 - Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Number of Owned Communities Transferred to the Joint Venture		8
Number of Owned Active Communities Transferred to the Joint Venture		4
Proceeds from Transfer of Land to Joint Venture		$ 29,800
Equity Method Investment, Other than Temporary Impairment	$ 0		$ 0
Revenues, Total	$ 538,351		440,691	$ 1,032,407	$ 821,285
Joint Venture Total Debt to Capitalization Ratio	29.00%			29.00%
Homebuilding [Member]
Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures, Total	$ 139,347			$ 139,347		$ 127,038
Revenues, Total	523,990		428,384	1,004,032	799,370
Homebuilding [Member] | Management Fees [Member]
Revenues, Total	4,000		$ 5,100	7,700	$ 8,500
Corporate Joint Venture [Member]
Advances to Affiliate	$ 2,100			$ 2,100		$ 1,400

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Note 16 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 100	$ 345	$ 1,812	$ 691
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance, Total	596,700		596,700
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Between 2028 and 2037 [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	1,500,000		1,500,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Indefinite Tax Period [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	32,200		32,200
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	100	$ 345	1,812	$ 691
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	2,500,000		2,500,000
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Indefinite Tax Period [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	74,800		74,800
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Between 2020 and 2024 [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	211,400		211,400
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Between 2025 and 2029 [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	1,200,000		1,200,000
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Between 2030 and 2034 [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	760,100		760,100
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Between 2035 and 2039 [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 277,600		$ 277,600

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Note 13 - Per Share Calculation (Details Textual) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Non Vested Stock and Outstanding Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)		0.1	0.3	0.1
Out of the Money Stock Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3

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Note 3 - Interest - Interest Costs Incurred, Expensed and Capitalized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Interest capitalized at beginning of period		$ 67,879	$ 74,455	$ 71,264	$ 68,117
Plus interest incurred	[1]	45,323	41,383	89,657	80,236
Less cost of sales interest expensed		18,589	13,898	36,725	24,140
Less other interest expensed	[2],[3]	26,869	22,663	51,872	44,936
Less interest contributed to unconsolidated joint venture	[4]			4,580
Interest capitalized at end of period	[5]	$ 67,744	$ 79,277	$ 67,744	$ 79,277

[1] Data does not include interest incurred by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries.

[2] Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended April 30, April 30, (In thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Other interest expensed $26,869 $22,663 $51,872 $44,936 Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries 509 514 1,279 1,203 (Increase) decrease in accrued interest (5,553 ) (19,776 ) (17,371 ) (2,299 ) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $21,825 $3,401 $35,780 $43,840

[3] Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

[4] Represents capitalized interest which was included as part of the assets contributed to the joint venture the Company entered into in December 2019, as discussed in Note 18. There was no impact to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as a result of this transaction.

[5] Capitalized interest amounts are shown gross before allocating any portion of impairments, if any, to capitalized interest.

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Note 6 - Warranty Costs (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Cash Received from Subcontractors for Owner Controlled Insurance Program	$ 1,100	$ 1,000	$ 2,400	$ 2,200
General Liability Insurance Deductible	20,000		20,000		$ 20,000
Bodily Injury Insurance Deductible	250		250		250
Bodily Injury Insurance Limit	5,000		5,000		5,000
Aggregate Retention for Construction Defects Warranty and Bodily Injury Claims	$ 20,000		20,000		$ 20,000
Payments by Insurance Companies for Claims			$ 100	$ 100

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Note 19 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Description of New Accounting Pronouncements Not yet Adopted [Text Block]

19. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In

February 2016,

the FASB issued ASU

No.

2016

-

02,

“Leases (Topic

842

)” (“ASU

2016

-

02”

), which provides guidance for accounting for leases. ASU

2016

-

02

requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases and to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than

12

months regardless of the lease classification. The lease classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest rate method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Accounting for lessors remains largely unchanged from current GAAP. ASU

2016

-

02

was effective for the Company on

November 1, 2019,

and we applied the modified retrospective method of adoption, resulting in

no

restatement of prior period financial statements. We elected the practical expedient package which allows us to carry forward our original assessment of whether contracts contained leases, lease classification and the initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient that allows lessees the option to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single component for all classes of underlying assets. The adoption of ASU

2016

-

02

resulted in a gross up on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for ROU assets and lease liabilities of

$23.3

million and

$24.4

million, respectively, as of

November 1, 2019.

Existing prepaid rent and accrued rent were recorded as an offset to the gross operating ROU assets. Our ROU assets are included in “Prepaid expenses and other assets” and the corresponding lease liabilities are included in “Accounts payable and other liabilities” line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adoption of ASU

2016

-

02

had

no

impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations or cash flows, nor did it have a significant impact on our business processes, systems or internal controls.

In

August 2018,

the FASB issued ASU

No.

2018

-

13,

“Fair Value Measurement (Topic

820

) - Disclosure Framework” (“ASU

2018

-

13”

), which improves the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASU

2018

-

13

is effective for us beginning

November 

1,

2020.

Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In

August 2018,

the FASB issued ASU

No.

2018

-

15,

“Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic

350

-

40

): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract” (“ASU

2018

-

15”

). ASU

2018

-

15

aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU

2018

-

15

is effective for us beginning

November 1, 2020.

Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In

March 2020,

the FASB issued ASU

2020

-

04,

“Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU

2020

-

04”

). ASU

2020

-

04

provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with reference rate reform on financial reporting. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning on

March 12, 2020,

and we

may

elect to apply the amendments prospectively from now through

December 31, 2022.

The Company has

not

yet adopted this guidance and is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Note 15 - Common Stock

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

15. Common Stock

Each share of Class A Common Stock entitles its holder to

one

vote per share, and each share of Class B Common Stock generally entitles its holder to

ten

votes per share. The amount of any regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class A Common Stock will be an amount equal to

110%

of the corresponding regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class B Common Stock. If a shareholder desires to sell shares of Class B Common Stock, such stock must be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at a

one

to

one

conversion rate.

On 

March 19, 2019,

the Company's stockholders approved at an annual meeting an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of

1

-for-

25

 and a corresponding decrease in the number of authorized shares of the common stock. Following the stockholders' approval, the Board of Directors, on

March 19, 2019,

determined to effectuate the Reverse Stock Split, which became effective on

March 29, 2019,

and every

25

issued shares (including treasury shares) of Class A Common Stock, par value

$0.01

per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), were combined into

one

share of Class A Common Stock, and every

25

issued shares (including treasury shares) of Class B Common Stock, par value

$0.01

per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), were combined into

one

share of Class B Common Stock.

No

fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. All share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

On

August 

4,

2008,

our Board of Directors adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), which was amended on

January 11, 2018,

designed to preserve shareholder value and the value of certain tax assets primarily associated with net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and built-in losses under Section 

382

of the Internal Revenue Code. Our ability to use NOLs and built-in losses would be limited if there was an “ownership change” under Section 

382.

This would occur if shareholders owning (or deemed under Section 

382

to own)

5%

or more of our stock increase their collective ownership of the aggregate amount of our outstanding shares by more than

50

 percentage points over a defined period of time. The Rights Plan was adopted to reduce the likelihood of an “ownership change” occurring as defined by Section 

382.

Under the Rights Plan,

one

right was distributed for each share of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on

August 

15,

2008.

Effective

August 

15,

2008,

if any person or group acquires

4.9%

or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock without the approval of the Board of Directors, there would be a triggering event causing significant dilution in the voting power of such person or group. However, existing stockholders who owned, at the time of the Rights Plan’s initial adoption on

August 4, 2008,

4.9%

or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock will trigger a dilutive event only if they acquire additional shares. The approval of the Board of Directors’ decision to adopt the Rights Plan

may

be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time, prior to the Rights being triggered. The Rights Plan will continue in effect until

August 

14,

2021,

unless it expires earlier in accordance with its terms. The approval of the Board of Directors’ decision to initially adopt the Rights Plan and the amendment thereto were approved by shareholders. Our stockholders also approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to restrict certain transfers of Class A Common Stock in order to preserve the tax treatment of our NOLs and built-in losses under Section 

382

of the Internal Revenue Code. Subject to certain exceptions pertaining to pre-existing

5%

stockholders and Class B stockholders, the transfer restrictions in our Restated Certificate of Incorporation generally restrict any direct or indirect transfer (such as transfers of our stock that result from the transfer of interests in other entities that own our stock) if the effect would be to (i) increase the direct or indirect ownership of our stock by any person (or public group) from less than

5%

to

5%

or more of our common stock; (ii) increase the percentage of our common stock owned directly or indirectly by a person (or public group) owning or deemed to own

5%

or more of our common stock; or (iii) create a new “public group” (as defined in the applicable United States Treasury regulations). Transfers included under the transfer restrictions include sales to persons (or public groups) whose resulting percentage ownership (direct or indirect) of common stock would exceed the

5%

thresholds discussed above, or to persons whose direct or indirect ownership of common stock would by attribution cause another person (or public group) to exceed such threshold.

On

July 3, 2001,

our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to purchase up to

0.2

million shares of Class A Common Stock. There were

no

shares purchased during the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020. 

As of

April 30, 2020,

the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock that

may

yet be purchased under this program is

22

thousand.

XML

Note 17 - Operating and Reporting Segments (Details Textual) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Real Estate Inventory Expense Not Eligible for Capitalization	[1],[2]	$ 26,869	$ 22,663	$ 51,872	$ 44,936
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total		(174)		9,282
Qualifying Assets Not Exceeding Debt [Member]
Real Estate Inventory Expense Not Eligible for Capitalization		13,800	15,100	28,700	32,700
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
General and Administrative Expense, Total		15,300
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total		(200)
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense), Total		(1,100)			(1,100)
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member] | Qualifying Assets Not Exceeding Debt [Member]
General and Administrative Expense, Total			16,200	35,000	33,800
Real Estate Inventory Expense Not Eligible for Capitalization		$ 13,800	13,100	28,700	$ 30,700
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total				(9,300)
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense), Total			$ (300)	$ (2,000)
Homebuilding [Member]
Number of Reportable Segments				6

[1] Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended April 30, April 30, (In thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Other interest expensed $26,869 $22,663 $51,872 $44,936 Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries 509 514 1,279 1,203 (Increase) decrease in accrued interest (5,553 ) (19,776 ) (17,371 ) (2,299 ) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $21,825 $3,401 $35,780 $43,840

[2] Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Note 13 - Per Share Calculations - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Hovnanian	$ 4,079	$ (9,148)	$ (15,257)	$ (17,452)	$ (5,069)	$ (32,709)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	(216)
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257)		(5,069)	(32,709)
Plus: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	216
Less: undistributed earnings reallocated to nonvested shares	(216)
Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share	$ 3,863		$ (15,257)		$ (5,069)	$ (32,709)
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share (in shares)	6,172		5,962		6,166	5,960
Share based payments (in shares)	260
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	6,432		5,962		6,166	5,960
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63		$ (2.56)		$ (0.82)	$ (5.49)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.60		$ (2.56)		$ (0.82)	$ (5.49)

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Note 18 - Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures - Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2018
Total assets	$ 1,905,571				$ 1,905,571		$ 1,881,424
Total liabilities	2,400,644				2,400,644		2,371,200
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	(495,793)				(495,793)		(490,463)
Others	720				720		687
Total equity	(495,073)	$ (499,079)	$ (484,479)	$ (470,364)	(495,073)	$ (484,479)	(489,776)	$ (453,504)
Total liabilities and equity	$ 1,905,571				$ 1,905,571		1,881,424
Debt to capitalization ratio	29.00%				29.00%
Revenues, Total	$ 538,351		440,691		$ 1,032,407	821,285
Net income (loss)	4,079	$ (9,148)	(15,257)	$ (17,452)	(5,069)	(32,709)
Our share of net income	6,221		7,252		7,761	16,814
Corporate Joint Venture [Member] | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	90,864				90,864		110,723
Inventories	438,525				438,525		403,842
Other assets	28,181				28,181		25,129
Total assets	557,570				557,570		539,694
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	121,174				121,174		71,889
Notes payable	126,090				126,090		186,882
Total liabilities	247,264				247,264		258,771
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	137,200				137,200		125,638
Others	173,106				173,106		155,285
Total equity	310,306				310,306		280,923
Total liabilities and equity	$ 557,570				$ 557,570		$ 539,694
Debt to capitalization ratio	29.00%				29.00%		40.00%
Revenues, Total	$ 116,624		128,330		$ 207,328	225,109
Cost of sales and expenses	(110,901)		(120,165)		(204,405)	(210,448)
Net income (loss)	5,723		8,165		2,923	14,661
Our share of net income	6,327		7,306		7,191	16,864
Homebuilding Joint Venture [Member] | Corporate Joint Venture [Member] | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	86,565				86,565		$ 108,520
Inventories	438,323				438,323		397,804
Other assets	27,782				27,782		24,896
Total assets	552,670				552,670		531,220
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	121,018				121,018		71,297
Notes payable	126,090				126,090		186,882
Total liabilities	247,108				247,108		258,179
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	132,877				132,877		120,891
Others	172,685				172,685		152,150
Total equity	305,562				305,562		273,041
Total liabilities and equity	$ 552,670				$ 552,670		$ 531,220
Debt to capitalization ratio	29.00%				29.00%		41.00%
Revenues, Total	$ 112,812		125,739		$ 199,776	221,513
Cost of sales and expenses	(107,453)		(118,019)		(196,004)	(207,331)
Net income (loss)	5,359		7,720		3,772	14,182
Our share of net income	6,146		7,083		7,616	16,624
Land Development Joint Venture [Member] | Corporate Joint Venture [Member] | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	4,299				4,299		$ 2,203
Inventories	202				202		6,038
Other assets	399				399		233
Total assets	4,900				4,900		8,474
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	156				156		592
Notes payable
Total liabilities	156				156		592
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	4,323				4,323		4,747
Others	421				421		3,135
Total equity	4,744				4,744		7,882
Total liabilities and equity	$ 4,900				$ 4,900		$ 8,474
Debt to capitalization ratio	0.00%				0.00%		0.00%
Revenues, Total	$ 3,812		2,591		$ 7,552	3,596
Cost of sales and expenses	(3,448)		(2,146)		(8,401)	(3,117)
Net income (loss)	364		445		(849)	479
Our share of net income	$ 181		$ 223		$ (425)	$ 240

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Note 3 - Interest (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Real Estate Inventory Expense Not Eligible for Capitalization	[1],[2]	$ 26,869	$ 22,663	$ 51,872	$ 44,936
Qualifying Assets Not Exceeding Debt [Member]
Real Estate Inventory Expense Not Eligible for Capitalization		13,800	15,100	28,700	32,700
Completed Homes, Land in Planning and Fully Developed Lots without Homes under Construction [Member]
Real Estate Inventory Expense Not Eligible for Capitalization		$ 13,100	$ 7,600	$ 23,200	$ 12,300

[1] Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended April 30, April 30, (In thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Other interest expensed $26,869 $22,663 $51,872 $44,936 Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries 509 514 1,279 1,203 (Increase) decrease in accrued interest (5,553 ) (19,776 ) (17,371 ) (2,299 ) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $21,825 $3,401 $35,780 $43,840

[2] Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Note 5 - Variable Interest Entities (Details Textual) $ in Millions	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Deposits Associated with Land and Lot Options of Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities	$ 74.1
Purchase Price Associated with Land and Lot Options of Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities	$ 1,200.0

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Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

20. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC

820,

“Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” provides a framework for measuring fair value, expands disclosures about fair-value measurements and establishes a fair-value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value summarized as follows:

Level 1: Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2: Fair value determined using significant other observable inputs.

Level 3: Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs.

Our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
	Fair Value	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	2020		2019
Mortgage loans held for sale (1)	Level 2	$74,959		$166,007
Forward contracts	Level 2	(454	)	(64	)
Total		$74,505		$165,943
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 3	$342		$42
Total		$74,847		$165,985

(

1

)  The aggregate unpaid principal balance was

$72.8

million and

$161.1

million at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively.

We elected the fair value option for our loans held for sale in accordance with ASC

825,

“Financial Instruments,” which permits us to measure financial instruments at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. Management believes that the election of the fair value option for loans held for sale improves financial reporting by mitigating volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring the fair value of the loans and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Fair value of loans held for sale is based on independent quoted market prices, where available, or the prices for other mortgage loans with similar characteristics.

The Financial Services segment had a pipeline of loan applications in process of

$554.2

million at

April 30, 2020.

Loans in process for which interest rates were committed to the borrowers totaled

$70.3

million as of

April 30, 2020.

Substantially all of these commitments were for periods of

60

days or less. Since a portion of these commitments is expected to expire without being exercised by the borrowers, the total commitments do

not

necessarily represent future cash requirements.

The Financial Services segment uses investor commitments and forward sales of mandatory MBS to hedge its mortgage-related interest rate exposure. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is managed by entering into MBS forward commitments, option contracts with investment banks, federally regulated bank affiliates and loan sales transactions with permanent investors meeting the segment’s credit standards. The segment’s risk, in the event of default by the purchaser, is the difference between the contract price and fair value of the MBS forward commitments and option contracts. At

April 30, 2020,

the segment had open commitments amounting to

$33.5

million to sell MBS with varying settlement dates through

May 20, 2020.

The assets accounted for using the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in “Revenues: Financial services.” The fair values that are included in income are shown, by financial instrument and financial statement line item, below: 

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Mortgage		Interest Rate
	Loans Held		Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale		Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net income all reflected in financial services revenues	$(709	)	$224	$(271	)

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock		Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments		Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$946	$(208	)	$406

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$2,153	$342	$(454	)

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$2,942	$17	$21

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are those assets for which the Company has recorded valuation adjustments and write-offs during the 

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019. 

The Company did

not

have any assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020.

The assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are all within the Company's Homebuilding operations and are summarized below:

Nonfinancial Assets 

		Three Months Ended
		April 30, 2019
		Pre-
	Fair Value	Impairment
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount	Total Losses		Fair Value
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	Level 3	$3,906	$(968	)	$2,938
Land and land options held for future development or sale	Level 3	$-	$-		$-

		Six Months Ended
		April 30, 2019
		Pre-
	Fair Value	Impairment
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount	Total Losses		Fair Value
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	Level 3	$3,906	$(968	)	$2,938
Land and land options held for future development or sale	Level 3	$6,302	$(43	)	$6,259

We record impairment losses on inventories related to communities under development and held for future development when events and circumstances indicate that they

may

be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their related carrying amounts. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then the community is written down to its fair value. We estimate the fair value of each impaired community by determining the present value of its estimated future cash flows at a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the respective community. Should the estimates or expectations used in determining cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we

may

be required to recognize additional impairments. We recorded inventory impairments, which are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as “Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory, of

$1.0

million for both the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019.

We did

not

record any inventory impairments for both the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020.

See Note

4

for further detail of the communities evaluated for impairment.

The fair value of our cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and customer’s deposits approximates their carrying amount, based on Level

1

inputs.

The fair value of each series of our Notes are listed below. Level

2

measurements are estimated based on recent trades or quoted market prices for the same issues or based on recent trades or quoted market prices for our debt of similar security and maturity to achieve comparable yields. Level

3

measurements are estimated based on

third

-party broker quotes or management’s estimate of the fair value based on available trades for similar debt instruments.  

Fair Value as of 

April 30, 2020

(In thousands)	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$-	$88,522	$-	$88,522
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	-	-	35,203	35,203
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	-	-	85,697	85,697
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	331,625	331,625
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	245,620	245,620
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	162,290	162,290
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	-	46,080	-	46,080
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	-	26,941	-	26,941
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	-	-	24,613	24,613
Secured Credit Facilities:
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	-	-	66,910	66,910
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility	-	-	125,000	125,000
Total fair value	$-	$161,543	$1,076,958	$1,238,501

Fair Value as of 

October 31, 2019

(In thousands)	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$-	$189,430	$-	$189,430
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	-	166,999	-	166,999
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	350,000	350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	282,322	282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	103,141	103,141
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	-	-	80,254	80,254
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	-	-	31,993	31,993
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	-	-	106,499	106,499
Total fair value	$-	$356,429	$954,209	$1,310,638

The Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility is

not

included in the

October 31, 2019

table because there were

no

borrowings outstanding thereunder as of

October 31, 2019.

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Note 16 - Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

16. Income Taxes

The total income tax expense for the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

was

$0.1

million and

$1.8

million, respectively. The expense for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

was primarily related to state tax expense from the impact of a cancellation of debt income recorded for tax purposes but

not

for GAAP purposes, creating a permanent difference. The total income tax expense for the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019

was

$0.3

million and

$0.7

million, respectively, primarily related to state tax expense from income generated that was

not

offset by tax benefits in states where we fully reserve the tax benefit from net operating losses.

Our federal net operating losses of

$1.5

billion expire between

2028

and

2037,

and

$32.2

million have an indefinite carryforward period. Of our

$2.5

billion of state NOLs,

$211.4

million expire between

2020

through

2024;

$1.2

billion expire between

2025

through

2029;

$760.1

million expire between

2030

through

2034;

$277.6

 million expire between

2035

through

2039;

and

$74.8

 million have an indefinite carryforward period.

On

March 27, 2020,

the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act was enacted and signed into U.S. law to provide economic relief to individuals and businesses facing economic hardship as a result of the COVID-

19

pandemic. The Company plans to defer the timing of estimated payments and payroll taxes as permitted by federal and state legislation, including under the CARES Act. We will continue to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and various state agencies.

Deferred federal and state income tax assets (“DTAs”) primarily represent the deferred tax benefits arising from NOL carryforwards and temporary differences between book and tax income which will be recognized in future years as an offset against future taxable income. If the combination of future years’ income (or loss) and the reversal of the timing differences results in a loss, such losses can be carried forward to future years. In accordance with ASC

740,

we evaluate our DTAs quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required. ASC

740

requires that companies assess whether valuation allowances should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than

not”

standard.   

As of

April 30, 2020

,

we considered all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, our valuation allowance for our DTAs was appropriate in accordance with ASC

740.

Listed below, in order of the weighting of each factor, is the available positive and negative evidence that we considered in determining that it is more likely than

not

that all of our DTAs will

not

be realized. In analyzing these factors, overall the negative evidence, both objective and subjective, outweighed the positive evidence. Based on this analysis, we determined that the current valuation allowance for deferred taxes of

$596.7

million as of

April 30, 2020,

which fully reserves for our DTAs, is appropriate.

1. As of April 30, 2020, on a tax basis, the Company has pre-tax income when adjusted for permanent differences on a three -year cumulative basis. However, on a U.S. GAAP basis, the Company is still in a three -year cumulative pre-tax loss position as of April 30, 2020. Therefore, it is too early to conclude whether we will continue to not be in a three -year cumulative loss position going forward on a tax accounting basis. Per ASC 740, cumulative losses are one of the most objectively verifiable forms of negative evidence. (Negative Objective Evidence)

2. In the third quarter of fiscal 2017, second  and third quarters of fiscal 2018, fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, and first and second  quarters of fiscal 2020, we completed debt refinancing/restructuring transactions which, by extending our debt maturities, will enable us to allocate cash to invest in new communities and grow our community count to get back to sustained profitability. (Positive Objective Evidence)

3. Our net contracts per average active selling community increased in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the second quarter of 2019, which is the fourth consecutive quarter of year-over-year increases. (Positive Objective Evidence)

4. We incurred pre-tax losses during the housing market decline and the slower than expected housing market recovery. (Negative Objective Evidence)

5. We exited two geographic markets in fiscal 2016  and completed the wind down of operations in two  other markets in fiscal 2018, that have historically had losses. By exiting these underperforming markets, the Company has been able to redeploy capital to better performing markets, which over time should improve our profitability. (Positive Subjective Evidence)

6. The historical cyclicality of the U.S. housing market, a more restrictive mortgage lending environment compared to before the housing downturn of 2007 - 2009, the uncertainty of the overall US economy and government policies and consumer confidence, and impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic, all or any of which could continue to hamper a sustained, stronger recovery of the housing market. (Negative Subjective Evidence)

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Note 9 - Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	April 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$2,625
Cash payments on lease liabilities	$2,308

(In thousands)	At April 30, 2020
ROU assets	$21,144
Lease liabilities	$22,165
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	3.7
Weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate)	9.5	%

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

Year ended October 31,	(In thousands)
2020 (excluding the six months ended April 30, 2020)	$4,462
2021	8,069
2022	6,860
2023	3,584
2024	1,315
Thereafter	2,103
Total payments	26,393
Less: imputed interest	(4,228	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$22,165

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Note 17 - Operating and Reporting Segments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	April 30,	October 31,
(In thousands)	2020	2019
Assets:
Northeast	$143,338	$163,342
Mid-Atlantic	264,490	264,894
Midwest	121,715	117,242
Southeast	282,036	281,654
Southwest	370,259	357,052
West	315,648	311,919
Total homebuilding	1,497,486	1,496,103
Financial services	111,302	199,275
Corporate and unallocated	296,783	186,046
Total assets	$1,905,571	$1,881,424

Operating Segments [Member]

Notes Tables

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Northeast	$46,798		$13,059		$92,074		$33,000
Mid-Atlantic	89,738		80,847		177,497		134,277
Midwest	56,673		42,937		103,117		87,858
Southeast	56,369		49,382		93,143		93,373
Southwest	170,654		143,850		334,553		262,049
West	103,603		97,883		203,224		187,784
Total homebuilding	523,835		427,958		1,003,608		798,341
Financial services	14,361		12,307		28,375		21,915
Corporate and unallocated	155		426		424		1,029
Total revenues	$538,351		$440,691		$1,032,407		$821,285
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Northeast	$6,722		$125		$12,463		$6,004
Mid-Atlantic	5,466		393		9,524		386
Midwest	(385	)	(594	)	(3,828	)	(1,443	)
Southeast	50		(4,132	)	(4,261	)	(7,061	)
Southwest	13,052		4,286		21,672		6,672
West	2,723		10,310		4,334		22,015
Total homebuilding	27,628		10,388		39,904		26,573
Financial services	4,731		3,629		9,191		4,763
Corporate and unallocated (1)	(28,180	)	(28,929	)	(52,352	)	(63,354	)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$4,179		$(14,912	)	$(3,257	)	$(32,018	)

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Note 8 - Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Customer's Deposits

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash and Cash Equivalents Disclosure [Text Block]

8. Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Customer's Deposits

Cash represents cash deposited in checking accounts. Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit, Treasury bills and government money–market funds with maturities of

90

days or less when purchased. Our cash balances are held at a few financial institutions and

may,

at times, exceed insurable amounts. We believe we help to mitigate this risk by depositing our cash in major financial institutions. At

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

$15.8

million and

$143.1

million, respectively, of the total cash and cash equivalents was in cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents, the book value of which approximates fair value.

Homebuilding - Restricted cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled

$16.1

million and

$20.9

million as of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively, which primarily consists of cash collateralizing our letter of credit agreements and facilities as discussed in Note

12.

Financial services restricted cash and cash equivalents, which are included in Financial services assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled

$29.7

million and

$24.8

million as of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively. Included in these balances were (

1

) financial services customers’ deposits of

$27.0

million at

April 30, 2020

and

$22.8

million as of 

October 31, 2019,

which are subject to restrictions on our use, and (

2

)

$2.7

million at

April 30, 2020

and

$2.0

million as of

October 31, 2019

of restricted cash under the terms of our mortgage warehouse lines of credit.

Total Homebuilding Customers’ deposits are shown as a liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These liabilities are significantly more than the applicable periods’ restricted cash balances because in some states the deposits are

not

restricted from use and, in other states, we are able to release the majority of these customer deposits to cash by pledging letters of credit and surety bonds.

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Note 4 - Reduction of Inventory to Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Impairments and Land Option Cost Write-offs [Text Block]

4. Reduction of Inventory to Fair Value

We record impairment losses on inventories related to communities under development and held for future development when events and circumstances indicate that they

may

be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their related carrying amounts. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then the community is written down to its fair value. We estimate the fair value of each impaired community by determining the present value of the estimated future cash flows at a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the respective community. In the

first

half of fiscal

2020,

we did

not

record any impairment losses. For the

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

our discount rate used for the impairments recorded ranged from

18.0%

to

18.3%.

 Should the estimates or expectations used in determining cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we

may

need to recognize additional impairments. 

During the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

we evaluated inventories of all

374

 and

398

communities under development and held for future development or sale, respectively, for impairment indicators through preparation and review of detailed budgets or other market indicators of impairment. We performed undiscounted future cash flow analyses during the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

for

one

of those communities (i.e., it had a projected operating loss or other impairment indicators), with an aggregate carrying value of

$0.6

million. As a result of our undiscounted future cash flow analyses, the community did

not

require a discounted cash flow analysis to be performed and therefore,

no

impairment loss was recorded for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020.

We performed undiscounted future cash flow analyses during the 

six

months ended

April 30, 2019 

for

six

of the

398

communities (i.e., those which had a projected operating loss or other impairment indicators) with an aggregate carrying value of

$51.6

million. As a result of our undiscounted future cash flow analyses, we performed discounted cash flow analysis and recorded aggregate impairment losses of

$1.0

million in

two

communities (which had an aggregate pre-impairment value of

$3.9

million) for the

three

months ended

April 30, 2019,

and

$1.0

million in

three

communities (which had an aggregate pre-impairment value of

$10.2

million) for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

which is included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations on the line entitled “Homebuilding: Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory. The pre-impairment value represents the carrying value, net of prior period impairments, if any, at the time of recording the impairments.

The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations line entitled “Homebuilding: Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” also includes write-offs of options and approval, engineering and capitalized interest costs that we record when we redesign communities and/or abandon certain engineering costs and we do

not

exercise options in various locations because the communities' pro forma profitability is

not

projected to produce adequate returns on investment commensurate with the risk. Total aggregate write-offs related to these items were

$1.0

million and

$0.5

million for the

three

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

respectively, and

$3.8

million and

$1.2

million for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

respectively. Occasionally, these write-offs are offset by recovered deposits (sometimes through legal action) that had been written off in a prior period as walk-away costs. Historically, these recoveries have

not

been significant in comparison to the total costs written off. The number of lots walked away from during the

three

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019

were

1,079

and

680,

respectively, and

2,364

and

2,170

during the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

respectively. The walk-aways were located in all segments in the

first

half of fiscal

2020

and

2019.

We decide to mothball (or stop development on) certain communities when we determine that the current performance does

not

justify further investment at the time. When we decide to mothball a community, the inventory is reclassified on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets from “Sold and unsold homes and lots under development” to “Land and land options held for future development or sale.” During the

first

half of fiscal

2020,

we did

not

mothball any additional communities, or sell any previously mothballed communities, but we re-activated a portion of

one

previously mothballed community. As of both

April 30, 2020 

and

October 31, 2019,

the net book value associated with our

13

total mothballed communities was

$13.8

million, which was net of impairment charges recorded in prior periods of

$138.1

million.

We sell and lease back certain of our model homes with the right to participate in the potential profit when each home is sold to a

third

party at the end of the respective lease. As a result of our continued involvement, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC

606

-

10

-

55

-

68,

these sale and leaseback transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. Therefore, for purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

inventory of

$44.6

 million and

$54.2

million, respectively, was recorded to “Consolidated inventory

not

owned,” with a corresponding amount of

$43.3

million and

$51.2

million (net of debt issuance costs), respectively, recorded to “Liabilities from inventory

not

owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions.

We have land banking arrangements, whereby we sell our land parcels to the land bankers and they provide us an option to purchase back finished lots on a predetermined schedule. Because of our options to repurchase these parcels, for accounting purposes, in accordance with ASC

606

-

10

-

55

-

70,

these transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. For purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

inventory of

$153.6

million and

$136.1

million, respectively, was recorded to “Consolidated inventory

not

owned,” with a corresponding amount of

$101.2

million and

$89.8

million (net of debt issuance costs), respectively, recorded to “Liabilities from inventory

not

owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions. 

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Note 12 - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Long-term Debt [Text Block]

12. Senior Notes and Credit Facilities

Senior notes and credit facilities balances as of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

were as follows:

	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$136,714		$218,994
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	69,683		211,391
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	158,502		-
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	350,000		350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	282,322		282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	162,269		103,141
Total Senior Secured Notes	$1,159,490		$1,165,848
Senior Notes:
8.0% Senior Notes due November 1, 2027 (1)	$-		$-
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	90,590		90,590
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	90,120		90,120
Total Senior Notes	$180,710		$180,710
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	$39,551		$202,547
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	$81,498		$-
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (2)	$125,000		$-
Net discounts and premiums	$21,461		$(49,145	)
Net debt issuance costs	$(24,203	)	$(19,970	)
Total Senior Notes and Credit Facilities, net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs	$1,583,507		$1,479,990

(

1

) 

$26.0

million of

8.0%

Senior Notes are owned by a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary of HEI. Therefore, in accordance with GAAP, such notes are

not

reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of HEI. On

November 1, 2019,

the maturity of the

8.0%

Senior Notes was extended to

November 1, 2027.

(

2

) At

April 30, 2020,

provides for up to

$125.0

million in aggregate amount of senior secured

first

lien revolving loans. Availability thereunder will terminate on

December 28, 2022.

General

Except for K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes and borrower under the Credit Facilities (as defined below), our home mortgage subsidiaries, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures, we and each of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the Credit Facilities, the senior secured notes and senior notes outstanding at

April 30, 2020 (

collectively, the “Notes Guarantors”).

The credit agreements governing the Credit Facilities and the indentures governing the senior secured and senior notes (together, the “Debt Instruments”) outstanding at

April 30, 2020

do

not

contain any financial maintenance covenants, but do contain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of HEI and certain of its subsidiaries, including K. Hovnanian, to incur additional indebtedness (other than non-recourse indebtedness, certain permitted indebtedness and refinancing indebtedness), pay dividends and make distributions on common and preferred stock, repay certain indebtedness prior to its respective stated maturity, repurchase common and preferred stock, make other restricted payments (including investments), sell certain assets (including in certain land banking transactions), incur liens, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The Debt Instruments also contain customary events of default which would permit the lenders or holders thereof to exercise remedies with respect to the collateral (as applicable), declare the loans made under the Unsecured Term Loan Facility (defined below) (the “Unsecured Term Loans”), loans made under the Secured Term Loan Facility (defined below) (the “Secured Term Loans”) and loans made under the Secured Credit Agreement (as defined below) (the “Secured Revolving Loans”) or notes to be immediately due and payable if

not

cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments on the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans, Secured Revolving Loans or notes or other material indebtedness, cross default to other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency, with respect to the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties and with respect to the Unsecured Term Loans, Secured Term Loans and Secured Revolving Loans, a change of control, and, with respect to the Secured Term Loans, Secured Revolving Loans and senior secured notes, the failure of the documents granting security for the obligations under the secured Debt Instruments to be in full force and effect, and the failure of the liens on any material portion of the collateral securing the obligations under the secured Debt Instruments to be valid and perfected. As of

April 30, 2020,

we believe we were in compliance with the covenants of the Debt Instruments.

If our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio is less than

2.0

to

1.0,

as defined in the applicable Debt Instrument, we are restricted from making certain payments, including dividends, and from incurring indebtedness other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness and nonrecourse indebtedness. As a result of this ratio restriction, we are currently restricted from paying dividends (in the case of the payment of dividends on preferred stock, our secured debt leverage ratio must also be less than

4.0

to

1.0

), which are

not

cumulative, on our

7.625%

Series A Preferred Stock. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends for the foreseeable future. Our inability to pay dividends is in accordance with covenant restrictions and will

not

result in a default under our Debt Instruments or otherwise affect compliance with any of the covenants contained in our Debt Instruments.

Under the terms of our Debt Instruments, we have the right to make certain redemptions and prepayments and, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions,

may

do so from time to time. We also continue to actively analyze and evaluate our capital structure and explore transactions to simplify our capital structure and to strengthen our balance sheet, including those that reduce leverage and/or extend maturities, and will seek to do so with the right opportunity. We

may

also continue to make debt purchases and/or exchanges for debt or equity from time to time through tender offers, exchange offers, open market purchases, private transactions, or otherwise, or seek to raise additional debt or equity capital, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions.

Fiscal

2020

On

December 10, 2019,

K. Hovnanian consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which it issued

$158.5

million aggregate principal amount of

10.0%

1.75

Lien Notes due

2025

(the

“1.75

Lien Notes”) in exchange for

$23.2

million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding

10.0%

Senior Secured Notes due

2022

(the

“10.0%

2022

Notes”) and

$141.7

million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding

10.5%

Senior Secured Notes due

2024

(the

“10.5%

2024

Notes” and, together with the

10.0%

2022

Notes, the “Second Lien Notes”). K. Hovnanian also exchanged

$163.0

million in aggregate principal amount of its Unsecured Term Loans for

$81.5

million in aggregate principal amount of Secured Term Loans made under a new Senior Secured

1.75

Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due

January 31, 2028 (

the “Secured Term Loan Facility”). There was

no

cash consideration in these exchanges. These secured notes and term loan exchanges were accounted for in accordance with ASC

470

-

60,

resulting in a carrying value of

$164.9

million and

$148.8

million, respectively, for the

$158.5

million of

1.75

Lien Notes and

$81.5

million of Secured Term Loans, respectively, and a net gain on extinguishment of debt of

$9.3

million (including additional costs of

$0.2

million incurred in the

second

quarter of fiscal

2020

), which is included in “(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt” on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The effect of this gain on a per share basis for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020 

was

$1.51,

excluding the impact of taxes, as our deferred tax assets are fully reserved by a valuation allowance.

The

1.75

Lien Notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of

December 10, 2019,

among HEI, K. Hovnanian, the guarantors party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent. The

1.75

Lien Notes are guaranteed by HEI and the Notes Guarantors and the

1.75

Lien Notes and the guarantees thereof will be secured by substantially all of the assets owned by K. Hovnanian and the Notes Guarantors, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions. Interest on the

1.75

Lien Notes is payable semi-annually on

May 15

and

November 15

of each year, beginning on

May 15, 2020,

to holders of record at the close of business on

May 1

or

November 1,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding each such interest payment date. The

1.75

Lien Notes have a maturity of

November 15, 2025.

The

1.75

Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to

November 15, 2021

at a redemption price equal to

100.0%

of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount”. At any time and from time to time on or after

November 15, 2021

and prior to

November 15, 2022,

K. Hovnanian

may

redeem some or all of the

1.75

Lien Notes at a redemption price equal to

105.00%

of their principal amount, at any time and from time to time after

November 15, 2022

and prior to

November 15, 2023,

K. Hovnanian

may

redeem some or all of the

1.75

Lien Notes at a redemption price equal to

102.50%

of their principal amount and at any time and from time to time after

November 15, 2023,

K. Hovnanian

may

redeem some or all of the

1.75

Lien Notes at a redemption price equal to

100.0%

of their principal amount. In addition, K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem up to

35.0%

of the aggregate principal amount of the

1.75

Lien Notes prior to

November 15, 2021

with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at

110.00%

of principal.  

The Secured Term Loans and the guarantees thereof will be secured on a pari passu basis with the

1.75

Lien Notes by the same assets that will secure the

1.75

Lien Notes, subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions. The Secured Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to

10.0%

per annum and will mature on

January 31, 2028. 

The Secured Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to

10.0%

per annum and interest is payable in arrears, on the last business day of each fiscal quarter. The Secured Term Loans

may

be voluntarily prepaid in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to

November 15, 2021

at a prepayment price equal to

100.0%

of their principal amount plus any applicable “Make-Whole Amount”. At any time and from time to time on or after

November 15, 2021

and prior to

November 15, 2022,

K. Hovnanian

may

voluntarily prepay some or all of the Secured Term Loans at a prepayment price equal to

105.00%

of their principal amount, at any time and from time to time after

November 15, 2022

and prior to

November 15, 2023,

K. Hovnanian

may

voluntarily prepay some or all of the Secured Term Loans at a prepayment price equal to

102.50%

of their principal amount and at any time and from time to time after

November 15, 2023,

K. Hovnanian

may

voluntarily prepay some or all of the Secured Term Loans at a prepayment price equal to

100.0%

of their principal amount.

On

March 25, 2020,

K. Hovnanian consummated a private exchange (the “Exchange”) pursuant to which it issued

$59.1

million aggregate principal amount of additional

1.5

Lien Notes (defined below) (the “Additional

1.5

Lien Notes”) in exchange for of

$59.1

million aggregate principal amount of

10.0%

2022

Notes held by certain participating bondholders (the “Exchange Holders”) pursuant to an Exchange Agreement, dated

March 25, 2020 (

the “Exchange Agreement”), among the K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors, the Exchanging Holders and certain holders of the Initial

1.5

Lien Notes (defined below) (the “Consenting Holders”). In connection therewith, the Consenting Holders provided their consents (the “Consents”) under the Indenture under which the

1.5

Lien Notes were issued to permit the issuance of the Additional

1.5

Lien Notes.

The Additional

1.5

Lien Notes were issued as additional notes of the same series as the

$103.1

million aggregate principal amount of K. Hovnanian’s

11.25%

Senior Secured

1.5

Lien Notes due

2026

issued on

October 31, 2019 (

the “Initial

1.5

Lien Notes” and, together with the Additional

1.5

Lien Notes, the

“1.5

Lien Notes”). In connection with the issuance of the Additional

1.5

Lien Notes in the Exchange, K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”) and collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”), entered into the Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of

March 25, 2020 (

the “Supplemental Indenture”), to the Indenture, dated as of

October 31, 2019 (

as amended and supplemented prior to the Supplemental Indenture, the “Indenture”), among the K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors, the Trustee and the Collateral Agent. The Supplemental Indenture also amends the Indenture in accordance with the Consents to permit K. Hovnanian and the Notes Guarantors to secure up to

$162.3

million of

1.5

Lien Obligations (as defined in the Indenture). As of

March 25, 2020,

after giving effect to the issuance of the Additional

1.5

Lien Notes,

$162.3

million aggregate principal amount of

1.5

Lien Obligations, which consist of the

1.5

Lien Notes, were outstanding.  For a discussion of the

1.5

Lien Notes see “—Secured Obligations” below.

Fiscal

2019

On

January 15, 2019, 

K. Hovnanian issued

$25.0

million in aggregate principal amount of  additional

10.5%

2024

Notes to GSO Capital Partners LP (“GSO”) or

one

or more funds managed, advised or sub-advised by GSO (collectively, the “GSO Entities”) at a discount for a purchase price of

$21.3

million in cash. The additional

10.5%

2024

Notes were issued as additional notes of the same series as the

10.5%

2024

Notes.

On

October 31, 2019,

K. Hovnanian, HEI, the Notes Guarantors, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent, and affiliates of certain investment managers (the “Investors”), as lenders, entered into a credit agreement (the “Secured Credit Agreement” and, together with the Unsecured Term Loan Facility and the Secured Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”) providing for up to

$125.0

million in aggregate amount of Secured Revolving Loans to be used for general corporate purposes, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. Secured Revolving Loans are to be borrowed by K. Hovnanian and guaranteed by the Notes Guarantors. Availability under the Secured Credit Agreement will terminate on

December 28, 2022.

The Secured Revolving Loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to

7.75%,

and interest is payable in arrears, on the last business day of each fiscal quarter.

On

October 31, 2019,

K. Hovnanian completed private placements of senior secured notes as follows: (i) K. Hovnanian issued an aggregate of

$350.0

million of

7.75%

Senior Secured

1.125

Lien Notes due

2026

(the

“1.125

Lien Notes”) in part pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement, dated

October 31, 2019,

among K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and certain Investors as purchasers thereof (the

“1.125

Lien Notes Purchase Agreement”) and in part pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (as defined below), with the proceeds from the sale of

1.125

Lien Notes under the

1.125

Lien Notes Purchase Agreement used to fund the cash payments to certain Exchanging Holders (as defined below) under the Exchange Agreement; and (ii) K. Hovnanian issued an aggregate of

$282.3

million of

10.5%

Senior Secured

1.25

Lien Notes due

2026

(the

“1.25

Lien Notes”), pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement (the

“1.25

Lien Notes Purchase Agreement”), dated

October 31, 2019,

among K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and certain Investors as purchasers thereof (the

“1.25

Lien Notes Purchasers”), the proceeds of which were used to fund the Satisfaction and Discharge (as defined below).

In addition, on

October 31, 2019,

K. Hovnanian completed private exchanges of (i) approximately

$221.0

million aggregate principal amount of its

10.0%

2022

Notes and approximately

$114.0

million aggregate principal amount of its

10.5%

2024

Notes held by certain participating bondholders (the “Exchanging Holders”) for a portion of the

$350.0

million aggregate principal amount of

1.125

Lien Notes described above and/or cash, and (ii) approximately

$99.6

million aggregate principal amount of its

10.5%

2024

Notes held by certain of the Exchanging Holders for approximately

$103.1

million aggregate principal amount of

1.5

Lien Notes (the

1.5

Lien Notes together with the

1.125

Lien Notes and the

1.25

Lien Notes, the “New Secured Notes”), pursuant to an Exchange Agreement, dated

October 30, 2019 (

the “Exchange Agreement”), among K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors and the Exchanging Holders.

On

October 31, 2019,

K. Hovnanian issued notices of redemption for all of its outstanding

9.50%

Senior Secured Notes due

2020

(the

“9.50%

Notes”),

2.000%

Senior Secured Notes due

2021

(the

“2.000%

Notes”) and

5.000%

Senior Secured Notes due

2021

(the

“5.000%

Notes”) and deposited with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee under the indenture (the

“9.50%

Notes Indenture”) governing the

9.50%

Notes and as trustee under the indenture (the

“5.000%/2.000%

Notes Indenture”) governing the

5.000%

Notes and the

2.000%

Notes sufficient funds to satisfy and discharge (collectively, the “Satisfaction and Discharge”) (i) the

9.50%

Indenture and to fund the redemption of all outstanding

9.50%

Notes and to pay accrued and unpaid interest on the redeemed notes to, but

not

including, the

November 10, 2019

redemption date and (ii) the

5.000%/2.000%

Indenture and to fund the redemption of all outstanding

5.000%

Notes and

2.000%

Notes and to pay accrued and unpaid interest on the redeemed notes to, but

not

including, the

November 30, 2019

redemption date. Proceeds from the issuance of the

1.25

Lien Notes together with cash on hand were used to fund the Satisfaction and Discharge. Upon the Satisfaction and Discharge of the

9.50%

Notes Indenture, all of the collateral securing the

9.50%

Notes was released and the restrictive covenants and events of default contained therein ceased to have effect and upon the Satisfaction and Discharge of the

5.000%/2.000%

Notes Indenture, all of the collateral securing the

5.000%

Notes and the

2.000%

Notes was released and the restrictive covenants and events of default contained therein ceased to have effect as to both such series of Notes.

HEI and K. Hovnanian obtained the consent of certain lenders/holders under its existing debt instruments to amend such debt instruments in connection with the issuance of the New Secured Notes and the execution of the indentures governing the New Secured Notes and the Secured Credit Agreement. HEI, K. Hovnanian and the guarantors also amended such debt instruments to add certain subsidiaries as guarantors thereunder and, in the case of the Second Lien Notes, to add such new guarantors as pledgors and grantors of their assets (subject to permitted liens and certain exceptions) to secure such Second Lien Notes.

Secured Obligations

The

10.0%

2022

Notes have a maturity of

July 15, 2022

and bear interest at a rate of

10.0%

per annum payable semi-annually on

January 15

and

July 15

of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on

January 1

and

July 1,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem some or all of the

10.0%

2022

Notes at

105.0%

of principal commencing

July 15, 2019,

at

102.50%

of principal commencing

July 15, 2020

and at

100.0%

of principal commencing

July 15, 2021.

The

10.5%

2024

Notes have a maturity of

July 15, 2024

and bear interest at a rate of

10.5%

per annum payable semi-annually on

January 15

and

July 15

of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on

January 1

and

July 1,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The

10.5%

2024

Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to

July 15, 2020

at

100.0%

of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem some or all of the

10.5%

2024

Notes at

105.25%

of principal commencing

July 15, 2020,

at

102.625%

of principal commencing

July 15, 2021

and at

100.0%

of principal commencing

July 15, 2022.

In addition, K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem up to

35.0%

of the aggregate principal amount of the

10.5%

2024

Notes prior to

July 15, 2020

with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at

110.50%

of principal.

The

1.125

Lien Notes have a maturity of

February 15, 2026

and bear interest at a rate of

7.75%

per annum payable semi-annually on

February 15

and

August 15

of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on

February 1

and

August 1,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The

1.125

Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to

February 15, 2022

at

100.0%

of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” In addition, up to

35%

of the original aggregate principal amount of the

1.125

Lien Notes

may

be redeemed with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at

107.75%

of principal at any time prior to

February 15, 2022.

K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem some or all of the

1.125

Lien Notes at

103.875%

of principal commencing

February 15, 2022,

at

101.937%

of principal commencing

February 15, 2023

and at

100.0%

of principal commencing

February 15, 2024.

The

1.25

Lien Notes have a maturity of

February 15, 2026

and bear interest at a rate of

10.5%

per annum payable semi-annually on

February 15

and

August 15

of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on

February 1

and

August 1,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The

1.25

Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to

February 15, 2022

at

100.0%

of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” In addition, up to

35%

of the original aggregate principal amount of the

1.25

Lien Notes

may

be redeemed with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at

110.5%

of principal at any time prior to

February 15, 2022.

K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem some or all of the

1.25

Lien Notes at

105.25%

of principal commencing

February 15, 2022,

at

102.625%

of principal commencing

February 15, 2023

and at

100.0%

of principal commencing

February 15, 2024.

The

1.5

Lien Notes have a maturity of

February 15, 2026

and bear interest at a rate of

11.25%

per annum payable semi-annually on

February 15

and

August 15

of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on

February 1

and

August 1,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding such interest payment dates. The

1.5

Lien Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to

February 15, 2026

at

100.0%

of their principal amount.

See “—

Fiscal

2020”

for a discussion of the

1.75

Lien Notes and the Secured Term Loans and “—

Fiscal

2019”

for a discussion of the Secured Credit Agreement.

Each series of secured notes and the guarantees thereof, the Secured Term Loans and the guarantees thereof and the Secured Credit Agreement and the guarantees thereof are secured by the same assets. Among the secured debt, the liens securing the Secured Credit Agreement are senior to the liens securing all of K. Hovnanian’s other secured notes and the Secured Term Loan. The liens securing the

1.125

Lien Notes are senior to the liens securing the

1.25

Lien Notes,

1.5

Lien Notes, the

1.75

Lien Notes, the Secured Term Loans, the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the

1.125

Lien Notes, the liens securing the

1.25

Lien Notes are senior to the liens securing the

1.5

Lien Notes, the

1.75

Lien Notes, the Secured Term Loans, the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the

1.25

Lien Notes, the liens securing the

1.5

Lien Notes are senior to the liens securing the

1.75

Lien Notes, the Secured Term Loans, the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the

1.5

Lien Notes, the liens securing the

1.75

Lien Notes and the Secured Term Loans (which are secured on a pari passu basis with each other) are senior to the liens securing the Second Lien Notes and any other future secured obligations that are junior in priority with respect to the assets securing the

1.75

Lien Notes and the Secured Term Loans, in each case, with respect to the assets securing such debt.

As of

April 30, 2020,

the collateral securing the Secured Credit Agreement, the Secured Term Loan Facility and the secured notes would have included (in the case of the Secured Credit Agreement, the Secured Term Loans, the New Secured Notes and the

1.75

Lien Notes, such collateral will be perfected in accordance with the terms of the applicable Debt Instrument) (

1

)

$229.6

million of cash and cash equivalents, which included

$14.3

million of restricted cash collateralizing certain letters of credit (subsequent to such date, fluctuations as a result of cash uses include general business operations and real estate and other investments along with cash inflow primarily from deliveries); (

2

)

$480.5

 million aggregate book value of real property, which does

not

include the impact of inventory investments, home deliveries or impairments thereafter and which

may

differ from the value if it were appraised; and (

3

) equity interests in joint venture holding companies with an aggregate book value of

$204.2

million.

Unsecured Obligations

On

January 29, 2018,

K. Hovnanian, the Notes Guarantors, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent, and the GSO Entities entered into a senior unsecured term loan credit facility (the “Unsecured Term Loan Facility”). The Term Loans bear interest at a rate equal to

5.0%

per annum and interest is payable in arrears, on the last business day of each fiscal quarter. The Term Loans will mature on

February 1, 2027.

On

February 1, 2018,

K. Hovnanian issued

$90.6

million aggregate principal amount of its

13.5%

Senior Notes due

2026

(the

“2026

Notes”) and

$90.1

million aggregate principal amount of its

5.0%

Senior Notes due

2040

(the

“2040

Notes”) under a new indenture in an exchange offer (the “Exchange Offer”) for

$170.2

million aggregate principal amount of K. Hovnanian’s

8.0%

Senior Notes. Also, as part of the Exchange Offer, K. Hovnanian at Sunrise Trail III, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of HEI (the “Subsidiary Purchaser”), purchased for

$26.5

million in cash an aggregate of

$26.0

million in principal amount of the

8.0%

Notes (the “Purchased

8.0%

Notes”). The

2026

Notes and the

2040

Notes were issued by K. Hovnanian and guaranteed by the Notes Guarantors, except for the Subsidiary Purchaser which does

not

guarantee the

2026

Notes or the

2040

Notes. The

2026

Notes bear interest at

13.5%

per annum and mature on

February 1, 2026.

The

2040

Notes bear interest at

5.0%

per annum and mature on

February 1, 2040.

Interest on the

2026

Notes and the

2040

Notes is payable semi-annually on

February 1

and

August 1

of each year to holders of record at the close of business on

January 15

or

July 15,

as the case

may

be, immediately preceding each such interest payment date.

K. Hovnanian’s

2026

Notes are redeemable in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to

February 1, 2025

at a redemption price equal to

100%

of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make Whole Amount”. At any time and from time to time on or after

February 1, 2025,

K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem some or all of the

2026

Notes at a redemption price equal to

100.0%

of their principal amount.

At any time and from time to time on or after

February 1, 2020

and prior to

February 1, 2021,

K. Hovnanian

may

redeem some or all of the

2040

Notes at a redemption price equal to

102.50%

of their principal amount and at any time and from time to time after

February 1, 2021,

K. Hovnanian

may

also redeem some or all of the

2040

Notes at a redemption price equal to

100.0%

of their principal amount.  

Other

We have certain stand-alone cash collateralized letter of credit agreements and facilities under which there was a total of

$14.0

million and

$19.2

million letters of credit outstanding at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively. These agreements and facilities require us to maintain specified amounts of cash as collateral in segregated accounts to support the letters of credit issued thereunder, which will affect the amount of cash we have available for other uses. At

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

the amount of cash collateral in these segregated accounts was

$14.3

million and

$19.9

million, respectively, which is reflected in “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

XML

Note 22 - Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2021
Forecast [Member]
Overhead Expense Decrease During Period			$ 20
Forecast [Member] | Severance and Other [Member]
Severance Costs	$ 3
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Proceeds from Lines of Credit, Total		$ 125

XML

Note 19 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Nov. 01, 2019
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets [Member]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 21,144	$ 23,300
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability, Total	$ 22,165	$ 24,400

XML

Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Total Losses	$ 0	$ (1,000)	$ 0	$ (1,000)
Sold and Unsold Homes and Lots Under Development [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member]
Pre-Impairment Amount		3,906		3,906
Total Losses		(968)		(968)
Fair Value of Inventory		2,938		2,938
Land and Land Options Held for Future Development or Sale [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member]
Pre-Impairment Amount				6,302
Total Losses				(43)
Fair Value of Inventory				$ 6,259

XML

Note 12 - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities (Details Textual) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 10, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 15, 2019 USD ($)	Feb. 01, 2018 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 25, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 29, 2018	Jul. 27, 2017
Debt Covenant Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Minimum				2		2
Secured Debt Leverage Ratio				4		4
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total				$ (174)		$ 9,282
Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross				1,159,490		1,159,490		$ 1,165,848
Proceeds from Secured Notes Payable							$ 21,348
The Secured Credit Facility, the New Secured Notes, and the Second Lien Notes [Member] | Cash and Cash Equivalents Collateral [Member]
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount				229,600		229,600
The Secured Credit Facility, the New Secured Notes, and the Second Lien Notes [Member] | Restricted Cash [Member]
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount				14,300		14,300
The Secured Credit Facility, the New Secured Notes, and the Second Lien Notes [Member] | Real Property [Member]
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount				480,500		480,500
The Secured Credit Facility, the New Secured Notes, and the Second Lien Notes [Member] | Equity Interests in Joint Venture Holding Companies Collateral [Member]
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount				204,200		$ 204,200
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Dividend Rate, Percentage						7.625%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								7.75%
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity				125,000		$ 125,000		$ 125,000
Stand-alone Cash Collateralized Letter of Credit Agreements and Facilities [Member]
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount				14,000		14,000		19,200
Stand-alone Cash Collateralized Letter of Credit Agreements and Facilities [Member] | Restricted Cash [Member]
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount				14,300		14,300		$ 19,900
The 8.0% Senior Notes Due 2027 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 170,200	$ 26,000		$ 26,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			8.00%	8.00%		8.00%
The 8.0% Senior Notes Due 2027 [Member] | K. Hovnanian at Sunrise Trail III, LLC [Member]
Repayments of Senior Debt, Total			$ 26,500
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	100.00%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	110.00%
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed	35.00%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	105.00%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	102.50%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	100.00%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 158,500									$ 158,500
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%			10.00%		10.00%		10.00%		10.00%
Long-term Debt, Gross				$ 158,502		$ 158,502
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%			10.00%		10.00%		10.00%	10.00%	10.00%		10.00%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount	$ 23,200								$ 59,100	$ 23,200
Long-term Debt, Gross				$ 136,714		$ 136,714		$ 218,994
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								105.00%
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								102.50%
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount		$ 25,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.50%	10.50%		10.50%		10.50%		10.50%		10.50%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount	$ 141,700									$ 141,700
Long-term Debt, Gross				$ 69,683		$ 69,683		$ 211,391
Proceeds from Secured Notes Payable		$ 21,300
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								110.50%
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed								35.00%
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								105.25%
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								102.625%
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											5.00%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount	163,000									163,000
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 81,500									$ 81,500
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	100.00%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	105.00%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	102.50%
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage	100.00%
Second Lien Notes [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross	$ 164,900
Secured Term Loan Facility [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross	$ 148,800
Second Lien Notes and Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total				$ (200)		$ 9,300
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Per Share, Excluding Taxes (in dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 1.51
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								11.25%	11.25%
Long-term Debt, Gross								$ 103,100	$ 162,300
Debt Instrument, Exchange, Amount Issued									59,100
Debt Instrument, Maximum Secured Amount									$ 162,300
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				11.25%		11.25%		11.25%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount								$ 103,100
Long-term Debt, Gross				$ 162,269		$ 162,269		$ 103,141
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount								$ 350,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				7.75%		7.75%		7.75%
Long-term Debt, Gross				$ 350,000		$ 350,000		$ 350,000
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed								35.00%
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								107.75%
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								103.875%
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								101.937%
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount								$ 282,300
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				10.50%		10.50%		10.50%
Long-term Debt, Gross				$ 282,322		$ 282,322		$ 282,322
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage of Principal Amount Redeemed								35.00%
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								110.50%
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								105.25%
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								102.625%
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Four [Member] | Redemption with Net Cash Proceeds from Certain Equity Offerings [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage								100.00%
The 10.0% 2022 Senior Secured Notes Exchanged for 1.125 Lien Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount								$ 221,000
The 10.5% 2024 Senior Secured Notes Exchanged for 1.125 Lien Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount								114,000
The 10.5% 2024 Notes Exchanged for 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount								$ 99,600
The 9.50% 2020 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								9.50%
The 2.0% 2021 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								2.00%
9.5 % Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								5.00%
The 10.0% 2018 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage												10.00%
The 13.5% Senior Notes Due 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 90,600
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			13.50%
The 13.5% Senior Notes Due 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage			100.00%
The 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 90,100
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			5.00%
The 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage			102.50%
The 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member] | Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage			100.00%
The Purchased 8% Notes [Member] | K. Hovnanian at Sunrise Trail III, LLC [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			8.00%
Debt Instrument, Repurchased Face Amount			$ 26,000

XML

Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures [Text Block]

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:

In accordance with the adoption of ASU

2016

-

02,

in the

first

quarter of fiscal

2020,

we recorded a beginning right-of-use asset of

$23.3

 million and a right-of-use lease liability of

$24.4

million. 

In the

first

quarter of fiscal

2020,

K. Hovnanian, the issuer of our notes, completed a debt for debt exchange whereby it issued

$158.5

million aggregate principal amount of

10.0%

1.75

Lien Notes due

2025

in exchange for

$23.2

million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding

10.0%

Senior Secured Notes due

2022

and

$141.7

million in aggregate principal amount of its outstanding

10.5%

Senior Secured Notes due

2024.

K. Hovnanian also exchanged

$163.0

million in aggregate principal amount of its unsecured term loans for

$81.5

million in aggregate principal amount of

1.75

Lien secured term loans made under a new Senior Secured

1.75

Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due

January 31, 2028.

In the

second

quarter of fiscal

2020,

K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes, completed a debt for debt exchange whereby it issued

$59.1

million aggregate principal amount of

11.25%

1.5

Lien Notes due

2026

in exchange for

$59.1

million aggregate principal amount of

10.0%

Senior Secured Notes due

2022

Notes.

See Note

12

 for further information.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000	100,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,600	5,600
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	5,600	5,600
Preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 140	$ 140
Common Class A [Member]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	16,000,000	16,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,977,601	5,973,727
Common stock, shares held in Treasury (in shares)	470,430	470,430
Common Class B [Member]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,400,000	2,400,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	652,154	650,363
Common stock, shares held in Treasury (in shares)	27,669	27,669

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Note 9 - Leases - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Nov. 01, 2019
2020 (excluding the six months ended April 30, 2020)	$ 4,462
2021	8,069
2022	6,860
2023	3,584
2024	1,315
Thereafter	2,103
Total payments	26,393
Less: imputed interest	(4,228)
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability, Total	$ 22,165	$ 24,400

XML

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) - Consolidated Joint Venture [Member]	Apr. 30, 2020
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent	99.00%
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners	1.00%

XML

Note 3 - Interest - Cash Paid for Interest, Net of Capitalized Interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Other interest expensed	[1],[2]	$ 26,869	$ 22,663	$ 51,872	$ 44,936
Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries		509	514	1,279	1,203
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest		(5,553)	(19,776)	(17,371)	(2,299)
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest		$ 21,825	$ 3,401	$ 35,780	$ 43,840

[1] Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended April 30, April 30, (In thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Other interest expensed $26,869 $22,663 $51,872 $44,936 Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries 509 514 1,279 1,203 (Increase) decrease in accrued interest (5,553 ) (19,776 ) (17,371 ) (2,299 ) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $21,825 $3,401 $35,780 $43,840

[2] Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

XML

Note 6 - Warranty Costs - Warranty and General Liability Reserve (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period	$ 89,905	$ 93,410	$ 89,371	$ 95,064
Charges incurred during the period	(7,551)	(4,020)	(11,216)	(10,111)
Changes to pre-existing reserves	715	192	1,070	443
Balance, end of period	87,139	92,849	87,139	92,849
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Additions	2,050	1,959	3,991	4,117
Cost of Sales [Member]
Additions	$ 2,020	$ 1,308	$ 3,923	$ 3,336

XML

Note 17 - Operating and Reporting Segments - Financial Information Relating to Segment Financial Position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Assets	$ 1,905,571	$ 1,881,424
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Assets	296,783	186,046
Homebuilding [Member]
Assets	1,794,269	1,682,149
Homebuilding [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	1,497,486	1,496,103
Homebuilding [Member] | Northeast [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	143,338	163,342
Homebuilding [Member] | Mid-Atlantic [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	264,490	264,894
Homebuilding [Member] | Midwest [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	121,715	117,242
Homebuilding [Member] | Southeast [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	282,036	281,654
Homebuilding [Member] | Southwest [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	370,259	357,052
Homebuilding [Member] | West [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	315,648	311,919
Financial Services [Member]
Assets	111,302	199,275
Financial Services [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Assets	$ 111,302	$ 199,275

XML

Note 15 - Common Stock (Details Textual) shares in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 29, 2019 $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2019 $ / shares	Jan. 11, 2018	Aug. 15, 2008	Jul. 03, 2001 shares
Common Stock Dividends Percent of Increase from Class A to Class B		110.00%	110.00%
Conversion of Stock From Class B to Class A Conversion Ratio	1		1
Shareholder Ownership Percentage of Increase					50.00%
Minimum [Member]
Shareholder Ownership Percentage					5.00%
Reverse Stock Split [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio	25
Number of Fractional Shares Issued (in shares)	0
Common Class A [Member]
Common Stock Voting Rights Votes per Share Number			1
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Shareholder Ownership Percentage						4.90%
Number of Rights						1
Shareholders Pre Existing Ownership Percentage					5.00%
Shareholders Current Ownership Percentage					5.00%
Shareholders Ownership Percentage on Transfers					5.00%
Shareholders Ownership Percentage Threshold					5.00%
Stock Repurchase Program, Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased (in shares)							200
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares (in shares)		0	0
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased (in shares)		22	22
Common Class A [Member] | Reverse Stock Split [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio	25
Common Class B [Member]
Common Stock Voting Rights Votes per Share Number			10
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Class B [Member] | Reverse Stock Split [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio	25

XML

Note 22 - Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

22. Subsequent Events

COVID-

19

was declared a global pandemic in

March 2020,

and it continues to have a significant impact on global and U.S. economies. The pandemic and related government responses thereto began to impact our business in

March 2020

and we expect the negative impacts from the COVID-

19

pandemic to continue.

To mitigate the adverse impacts, the Company is implementing initiatives to maximize positive cash flow, retain a strong liquidity position and optimize the organization, including, but

not

limited to, by focusing on closing homes in backlog and limiting cash expenditures, reducing or delaying certain land purchases and land development activity and beginning work on unsold homes and electing to draw in full the

$125.0

million available under its Secured Credit Agreement. These actions are expected to reduce growth and

may

cause a decline of our community count and the number of homes deliveries in the

third

quarter of

2020

and future periods.  Further, in

May 2020,

the Company announced certain operational optimization measures including streamlining the organizational structure by: (

1

) transitioning from

three

homebuilding operational Groups to two; (

2

) consolidating several business units, resulting in the reduction of

three

Divisional offices; and (

3

) gradually phasing out of the Chicago market as it sells through its existing communities. In addition, the Company took measures to reduce overhead expenses through a combination of furloughs, layoffs and other cost reduction measures, the implementation of which will continue through fiscal

2020.

We expect these steps to reduce our annualized overhead expense by approximately

$20

million beginning in fiscal

2021.

The Company expects to take a charge of approximately

$3

million for severance and other related expenses in the

third

quarter of fiscal

2020.

 

XML

Note 18 - Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures Disclosure [Text Block]

18. Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures

We enter into homebuilding and land development joint ventures from time to time as a means of accessing lot positions, expanding our market opportunities, establishing strategic alliances, managing our risk profile, leveraging our capital base and enhancing returns on capital. Our homebuilding joint ventures are generally entered into with

third

-party investors to develop land and construct homes that are sold directly to

third

-party home buyers. Our land development joint ventures include those entered into with developers and other homebuilders as well as financial investors to develop finished lots for sale to the joint venture’s members or other

third

parties.

During the

first

 quarter of fiscal

2020,

we contributed

eight

 communities we owned, including

four

active communities, to a new joint venture for

$29.8

 million of cash after our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture.

The tables set forth below summarize the combined financial information related to our unconsolidated homebuilding and land development joint ventures that are accounted for under the equity method.

(Dollars in thousands)	April 30, 2020
			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$86,565		$4,299		$90,864
Inventories	438,323		202		438,525
Other assets	27,782		399		28,181
Total assets	$552,670		$4,900		$557,570
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$121,018		$156		$121,174
Notes payable	126,090		-		126,090
Total liabilities	247,108		156		247,264
Equity of:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	132,877		4,323		137,200
Others	172,685		421		173,106
Total equity	305,562		4,744		310,306
Total liabilities and equity	$552,670		$4,900		$557,570
Debt to capitalization ratio	29	%	0	%	29	%

(Dollars in thousands)	October 31, 2019
			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$108,520		$2,203		$110,723
Inventories	397,804		6,038		403,842
Other assets	24,896		233		25,129
Total assets	$531,220		$8,474		$539,694
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$71,297		$592		$71,889
Notes payable	186,882		-		186,882
Total liabilities	258,179		592		258,771
Equity of:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.	120,891		4,747		125,638
Others	152,150		3,135		155,285
Total equity	273,041		7,882		280,923
Total liabilities and equity	$531,220		$8,474		$539,694
Debt to capitalization ratio	41	%	0	%	40	%

As of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

we had advances outstanding of

$2.1

million and

$1.4

million, respectively, to these unconsolidated joint ventures. These amounts were included in the “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” balances in the tables above. On our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, our “Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures” amounted to

$139.3

million and

$127.0

million at

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

respectively. In some cases, our net investment in these unconsolidated joint ventures is less than our proportionate share of the equity reflected in the table above because of the differences between asset impairments recorded against our unconsolidated joint venture investments and any impairments recorded in the applicable unconsolidated joint venture. Impairments of unconsolidated joint venture investments are recorded at fair value while impairments recorded in the unconsolidated joint venture are recorded when undiscounted cash flows trigger the impairment. During the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

we did

not

write-down any of our unconsolidated joint venture investments.

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$112,812		$3,812		$116,624
Cost of sales and expenses	(107,453	)	(3,448	)	(110,901	)
Joint venture net income	$5,359		$364		$5,723
Our share of net income	$6,146		$181		$6,327

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$125,739		$2,591		$128,330
Cost of sales and expenses	(118,019	)	(2,146	)	(120,165	)
Joint venture net income	$7,720		$445		$8,165
Our share of net income	$7,083		$223		$7,306

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$199,776		$7,552		$207,328
Cost of sales and expenses	(196,004	)	(8,401	)	(204,405	)
Joint venture net income (loss)	$3,772		$(849	)	$2,923
Our share of net income (loss)	$7,616		$(425	)	$7,191

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2019
(In thousands)			Land
	Homebuilding		Development		Total
Revenues	$221,513		$3,596		$225,109
Cost of sales and expenses	(207,331	)	(3,117	)	(210,448	)
Joint venture net income	$14,182		$479		$14,661
Our share of net income	$16,624		$240		$16,864

“Income from unconsolidated joint ventures” is reflected as a separate line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and reflects our proportionate share of the income or loss from these unconsolidated homebuilding and land development joint ventures. The difference between our share of the income or loss from these unconsolidated joint ventures in the tables above compared to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is due primarily to the reclassification of the intercompany portion of management fee income from certain unconsolidated joint ventures and the deferral of income for lots purchased by us from certain unconsolidated joint ventures. For the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020,

the difference is also attributed to

two

unconsolidated joint ventures which we had previously written off our investment in that are still active and are operating at a loss. For the

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

the difference is also attributed to a return of capital from an unconsolidated joint venture in which we had previously written off our investment. To compensate us for the administrative services we provide as the manager of certain unconsolidated joint ventures, we receive a management fee based on a percentage of the applicable unconsolidated joint venture’s revenues. These management fees, which totaled

$4.0

million and

$5.1

million for the

three

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

respectively, and

$7.7

million and

$8.5

million for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

respectively, are recorded in “Homebuilding: Selling, general and administrative” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In determining whether or

not

we must consolidate joint ventures that we manage, we assess whether the other partners have specific rights to overcome the presumption of control by us as the manager of the joint venture. In most cases, the presumption is overcome because the joint venture agreements require that both partners agree on establishing the operations and capital decisions of the partnership, including budgets in the ordinary course of business.

Typically, our unconsolidated joint ventures obtain separate project specific mortgage financing. For some of our unconsolidated joint ventures, obtaining financing was challenging, therefore, some of our unconsolidated joint ventures are capitalized only with equity. The total debt to capitalization ratio of all our unconsolidated joint ventures was 

29%

as of

April 30, 2020. 

Any unconsolidated joint venture financing is on a nonrecourse basis, with guarantees from us limited only to performance and completion of development, environmental warranties and indemnification, standard indemnification for fraud, misrepresentation and other similar actions, including a voluntary bankruptcy filing. In some instances, the unconsolidated joint venture entity is considered a VIE under ASC

810

-

10

“Consolidation – Overall” due to the returns being capped to the equity holders; however, in these instances, we have determined that we are

not

the primary beneficiary, and therefore we do

not

consolidate these entities.  

XML

Note 14 - Preferred Stock

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Preferred Stock [Text Block]

14. Preferred Stock

On

July 

12,

2005,

we issued

5,600

shares of

7.625%

Series A Preferred Stock, with a liquidation preference of

$25,000

per share. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are

not

cumulative and are payable at an annual rate of

7.625%.

The Series A Preferred Stock is

not

convertible into the Company’s common stock and is redeemable in whole or in part at our option at the liquidation preference of the shares. The Series A Preferred Stock is traded as depositary shares, with each depositary share representing

1/1000th

 of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. The depositary shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “HOVNP.” During the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

we did

not

pay any dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock due to covenant restrictions in our debt instruments. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends, which are

not

cumulative, for the foreseeable future.

XML

Note 10 - Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

10. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiary, K. Hovnanian American Mortgage, LLC (“ K. Hovnanian Mortgage”), originates mortgage loans, primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time of origination. Mortgage loans held for sale consist primarily of single-family residential loans collateralized by the underlying property. We have elected the fair value option to record loans held for sale and therefore these loans are recorded at fair value with the changes in the value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Revenues: Financial services.” We currently use forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), interest rate commitments from borrowers and mandatory and/or best efforts forward commitments to sell loans to

third

-party purchasers to protect us from interest rate fluctuations. These short-term instruments, which do

not

require any payments to be made to the counterparty or purchaser in connection with the execution of the commitments, are recorded at fair value. Gains and losses on changes in the fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Revenues: Financial services.”

At

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

$59.0

million and

$143.2

million, respectively, of mortgages held for sale were pledged against our mortgage warehouse lines of credit (see Note

11

). We

may

incur losses with respect to mortgages that were previously sold that are delinquent and which had underwriting defects, but only to the extent the losses are

not

covered by mortgage insurance or resale value of the home. The reserves for these estimated losses are included in the “Financial services” balances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

we had reserves specifically for

21

and

20

identified mortgage loans, respectively, as well as reserves for an estimate for future losses on mortgages sold but

not

yet identified to us.

The activity in our loan origination reserves during the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019

was as follows:

	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	April 30,			April 30,
(In thousands)	2020	2019		2020	2019
Loan origination reserves, beginning of period	$1,308	$1,264		$1,268	$2,563
Provisions for losses during the period	44	37		84	78
Adjustments to pre-existing provisions for losses from changes in estimates	6	(32	)	6	(22	)
Payments/Settlements	-	-		-	(1,350	)
Loan origination reserves, end of period	$1,358	$1,269		$1,358	$1,269

XML

Note 6 - Warranty Costs

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Product Warranty Disclosure [Text Block]

6. Warranty Costs

General liability insurance for homebuilding companies and their suppliers and subcontractors is very difficult to obtain. The availability of general liability insurance is limited due to a decreased number of insurance companies willing to underwrite for the industry. In addition, those few insurers willing to underwrite liability insurance have significantly increased the premium costs. To date, we have been able to obtain general liability insurance but at higher premium costs with higher deductibles. Our subcontractors and suppliers have advised us that they have also had difficulty obtaining insurance that also provides us coverage. As a result, we have an owner-controlled insurance program for certain of our subcontractors whereby the subcontractors pay us an insurance premium (through a reduction of amounts we would otherwise owe such subcontractors for their work on our homes) based on the risk type of the trade. We absorb the liability associated with their work on our homes as part of our overall general liability insurance at

no

additional cost to us because our existing general liability and construction defect insurance policy and related reserves for amounts under our deductible covers construction defects regardless of whether we or our subcontractors are responsible for the defect. For the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

we received

$1.1

million and

$2.4

million, respectively, and

$1.0

million and

$2.2

million, respectively, from subcontractors related to the owner-controlled insurance program, which we accounted for as reductions to inventory.

We accrue for warranty costs that are covered under our existing general liability and construction defect policy as part of our general liability insurance deductible. This accrual is expensed as selling, general and administrative costs. For homes delivered in each of fiscal

2020

and

2019,

our deductible under our general liability insurance is a

$20

million aggregate for construction defect and warranty claims. For bodily injury claims, our deductible per occurrence in each of fiscal

2020

and

2019

is

$0.25

million, up to a

$5

million limit. Our aggregate retention for construction defect, warranty and bodily injury claims is

$20

million for each of fiscal

2020

and 

2019.

In addition, we establish a warranty accrual for lower cost-related issues to cover home repairs, community amenities and land development infrastructure that are

not

covered under our general liability and construction defect policy. We accrue an estimate for these warranty costs as part of cost of sales at the time each home is closed and title and possession have been transferred to the homebuyer. Additions and charges in the warranty reserve and general liability reserve for the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019

were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Balance, beginning of period	$89,905		$93,410		$89,371		$95,064
Additions – Selling, general and administrative	2,050		1,959		3,991		4,117
Additions – Cost of sales	2,020		1,308		3,923		3,336
Charges incurred during the period	(7,551	)	(4,020	)	(11,216	)	(10,111	)
Changes to pre-existing reserves	715		192		1,070		443
Balance, end of period	$87,139		$92,849		$87,139		$92,849

Warranty accruals are based upon historical experience. We engage a

third

-party actuary that uses our historical warranty and construction defect data to assist our management in estimating our unpaid claims, claim adjustment expenses and incurred but

not

reported claims reserves for the risks that we are assuming under the general liability and construction defect programs. The estimates include provisions for inflation, claims handling and legal fees. The majority of the charges incurred during the

second

quarter of fiscal

2020

represented a payment for construction defect reserves related to the settlement of a litigation matter.

Insurance claims paid by our insurance carriers, excluding insurance deductibles paid, were less than

$0.1

million for both the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019

 for prior year deliveries.

XML

Note 3 - Interest (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Real Estate Inventory, Capitalized Interest Costs [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	April 30,		April 30,
(In thousands)	2020	2019	2020	2019
Interest capitalized at beginning of period	$67,879	$74,455	$71,264	$68,117
Plus interest incurred(1)	45,323	41,383	89,657	80,236
Less cost of sales interest expensed	18,589	13,898	36,725	24,140
Less other interest expensed(2)(3)	26,869	22,663	51,872	44,936
Less interest contributed to unconsolidated joint venture(4)	-	-	4,580	-
Interest capitalized at end of period(5)	$67,744	$79,277	$67,744	$79,277

Cash Paid for Interest Net of Capitalized Interest [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Other interest expensed	$26,869		$22,663		$51,872		$44,936
Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries	509		514		1,279		1,203
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest	(5,553	)	(19,776	)	(17,371	)	(2,299	)
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest	$21,825		$3,401		$35,780		$43,840

XML

Note 12 - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]

	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$136,714		$218,994
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	69,683		211,391
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	158,502		-
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	350,000		350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	282,322		282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	162,269		103,141
Total Senior Secured Notes	$1,159,490		$1,165,848
Senior Notes:
8.0% Senior Notes due November 1, 2027 (1)	$-		$-
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	90,590		90,590
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	90,120		90,120
Total Senior Notes	$180,710		$180,710
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	$39,551		$202,547
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	$81,498		$-
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (2)	$125,000		$-
Net discounts and premiums	$21,461		$(49,145	)
Net debt issuance costs	$(24,203	)	$(19,970	)
Total Senior Notes and Credit Facilities, net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs	$1,583,507		$1,479,990

XML

Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
	Fair Value	April 30,		October 31,
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	2020		2019
Mortgage loans held for sale (1)	Level 2	$74,959		$166,007
Forward contracts	Level 2	(454	)	(64	)
Total		$74,505		$165,943
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 3	$342		$42
Total		$74,847		$165,985

Fair Value Option, Disclosures [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Mortgage		Interest Rate
	Loans Held		Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale		Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net income all reflected in financial services revenues	$(709	)	$224	$(271	)

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock		Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments		Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$946	$(208	)	$406

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$2,153	$342	$(454	)

	Six Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Mortgage	Interest Rate
	Loans Held	Lock	Forward
(In thousands)	For Sale	Commitments	Contracts
Fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues	$2,942	$17	$21

Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring [Table Text Block]

		Three Months Ended
		April 30, 2019
		Pre-
	Fair Value	Impairment
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount	Total Losses		Fair Value
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	Level 3	$3,906	$(968	)	$2,938
Land and land options held for future development or sale	Level 3	$-	$-		$-

		Six Months Ended
		April 30, 2019
		Pre-
	Fair Value	Impairment
(In thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount	Total Losses		Fair Value
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development	Level 3	$3,906	$(968	)	$2,938
Land and land options held for future development or sale	Level 3	$6,302	$(43	)	$6,259

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis 2 [Table Text Block]

(In thousands)	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$-	$88,522	$-	$88,522
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	-	-	35,203	35,203
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025	-	-	85,697	85,697
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	331,625	331,625
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	245,620	245,620
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	162,290	162,290
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	-	46,080	-	46,080
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	-	26,941	-	26,941
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	-	-	24,613	24,613
Secured Credit Facilities:
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028	-	-	66,910	66,910
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility	-	-	125,000	125,000
Total fair value	$-	$161,543	$1,076,958	$1,238,501

(In thousands)	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2022	$-	$189,430	$-	$189,430
10.5% Senior Secured Notes due July 15, 2024	-	166,999	-	166,999
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	350,000	350,000
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	282,322	282,322
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026	-	-	103,141	103,141
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026	-	-	80,254	80,254
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040	-	-	31,993	31,993
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027	-	-	106,499	106,499
Total fair value	$-	$356,429	$954,209	$1,310,638

XML

Note 2 - Stock Compensation

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

2. Stock Compensation

For the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020,

the Company’s total stock-based compensation income was

$0.1

million and

$0.2

million, respectively, net of expense of

$0.3

million and

$0.9

million, respectively, as a result of the cancellation of certain market stock units awards based on performance conditions which were

not

met and a reduction in certain long-term incentive program shares with respect to which performance conditions are

no

longer expected to meet target. The Company’s total stock-based compensation expense was

$0.6

million and

$1.2

million for the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

respectively. Included in total stock-based compensation expense was the vesting of stock options of

$0.1

million and

$0.3

million for the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020,

respectively, and

$0.1

million and

$0.2

million for the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

respectively.

XML

Note 12 - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities Balances (Details) (Parentheticals)		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Mar. 25, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 10, 2019	Jan. 15, 2019	Feb. 01, 2018	Jul. 27, 2017
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Feb. 01, 2027	Feb. 01, 2027
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%			10.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Jul. 15, 2022	Jul. 15, 2022
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		10.50%	10.50%		10.50%	10.50%	10.50%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Jul. 15, 2024	Jul. 15, 2024
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		10.00%	10.00%		10.00%	10.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Nov. 15, 2025	Nov. 15, 2025
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		7.75%	7.75%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Feb. 15, 2026	Feb. 15, 2026
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		10.50%	10.50%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Feb. 15, 2026	Feb. 15, 2026
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			11.25%	11.25%
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		11.25%	11.25%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Feb. 15, 2026	Feb. 15, 2026
The 8.0% Senior Notes Due 2027 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		8.00%						8.00%
The 8.0% Senior Notes Due 2027 [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	[1]	8.00%	8.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	[1]	Nov. 01, 2027	Nov. 01, 2027
The 13.5% Senior Notes Due 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								13.50%
The 13.5% Senior Notes Due 2026 [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		13.50%	13.50%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Feb. 01, 2026	Feb. 01, 2026
The 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage								5.00%
The 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		5.00%	5.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Feb. 01, 2040	Feb. 01, 2040
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Senior Secured Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date		Jan. 31, 2028	Jan. 31, 2028

[1] $26.0 million of 8.0% Senior Notes are owned by a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary of HEI. Therefore, in accordance with GAAP, such notes are not reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of HEI. On November 1, 2019, the maturity of the 8.0% Senior Notes was extended to November 1, 2027.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity Deficit (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock Outstanding [Member] Common Class A [Member]	Common Stock Outstanding [Member] Common Class B [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2018	5,313,428	622,004	5,600
Balance at Oct. 31, 2018	$ 58	$ 6	$ 135,299	$ 710,349	$ (1,183,856)	$ (115,360)		$ (453,504)
Stock options, amortization and issuances (in shares)
Stock options, amortization and issuances				107				107
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures (in shares)	2,830	922
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures				485				485
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)	20	(20)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
Net (loss)					(17,452)			(17,452)
Balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2019	5,316,278	622,906	5,600
Balance at Jan. 31, 2019	$ 58	$ 6	$ 135,299	710,941	(1,201,308)	(115,360)		(470,364)
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2018	5,313,428	622,004	5,600
Balance at Oct. 31, 2018	$ 58	$ 6	$ 135,299	710,349	(1,183,856)	(115,360)		(453,504)
Net (loss)								(32,709)
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2019	5,316,396	622,788	5,600
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019	$ 58	$ 6	$ 135,299	711,517	(1,216,565)	(115,360)	566	(484,479)
Balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2019	5,316,278	622,906	5,600
Balance at Jan. 31, 2019	$ 58	$ 6	$ 135,299	710,941	(1,201,308)	(115,360)		(470,364)
Stock options, amortization and issuances (in shares)
Stock options, amortization and issuances				108				108
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures (in shares)
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures				468				468
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)	118	(118)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
Changes in noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures							566	566
Net (loss)					(15,257)			(15,257)
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2019	5,316,396	622,788	5,600
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019	$ 58	$ 6	$ 135,299	711,517	(1,216,565)	(115,360)	566	(484,479)
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2019	5,503,297	622,694	5,600
Balance at Oct. 31, 2019	$ 60	$ 7	$ 135,299	715,504	(1,225,973)	(115,360)	687	(489,776)
Stock options, amortization and issuances (in shares)
Stock options, amortization and issuances				162				162
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures (in shares)	3,000	1,796
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures				(330)				(330)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)	4	(4)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
Changes in noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures							13	13
Net (loss)					(9,148)			(9,148)
Balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2020	5,506,301	624,486	5,600
Balance at Jan. 31, 2020	$ 60	$ 7	$ 135,299	715,336	(1,235,121)	(115,360)	700	(499,079)
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2019	5,503,297	622,694	5,600
Balance at Oct. 31, 2019	$ 60	$ 7	$ 135,299	715,504	(1,225,973)	(115,360)	687	(489,776)
Net (loss)								(5,069)
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2020	5,507,171	624,485	5,600
Balance at Apr. 30, 2020	$ 60	$ 7	$ 135,299	715,243	(1,231,042)	(115,360)	720	(495,073)
Balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2020	5,506,301	624,486	5,600
Balance at Jan. 31, 2020	$ 60	$ 7	$ 135,299	715,336	(1,235,121)	(115,360)	700	(499,079)
Stock options, amortization and issuances (in shares)
Stock options, amortization and issuances				96				96
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures (in shares)	869
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures				(189)				(189)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)	1	(1)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
Changes in noncontrolling interest in consolidated joint ventures							20	20
Net (loss)					4,079			4,079
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2020	5,507,171	624,485	5,600
Balance at Apr. 30, 2020	$ 60	$ 7	$ 135,299	$ 715,243	$ (1,231,042)	$ (115,360)	$ 720	$ (495,073)

XML

Note 10 - Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - Loan Origination Reserves (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Loan origination reserves, beginning of period	$ 1,308	$ 1,264	$ 1,268	$ 2,563
Provisions for losses during the period	44	37	84	78
Adjustments to pre-existing provisions for losses from changes in estimates	6	(32)	6	(22)
Payments/Settlements				(1,350)
Loan origination reserves, end of period	$ 1,358	$ 1,269	$ 1,358	$ 1,269

XML

Note 9 - Leases (Details Textual) - Office Leases [Member]	Apr. 30, 2020
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	5 years

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jun. 01, 2020
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000357294
Trading Symbol	hov
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--10-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Apr. 30, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock $0.01 par value per share
Common Class A [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		5,507,171
Common Class B [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		624,485

XML

Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Total		$ 74,847	$ 165,985
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Mortgage loans held for sale	[1]	74,959	166,007
Total		74,505	165,943
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Forward Contracts [Member]
Derivative Fair Value		(454)	(64)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Interest Rate Lock Commitments [Member]
Derivative Fair Value		$ 342	$ 42

[1] The aggregate unpaid principal balance was $72.8 million and $161.1 million at April 30, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively.

XML

Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Notes (Details) (Parentheticals)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Mar. 25, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 10, 2019	Jan. 15, 2019	Jul. 27, 2017
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%		10.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Jul. 15, 2022	Jul. 15, 2022
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	10.50%	10.50%		10.50%	10.50%	10.50%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Jul. 15, 2024	Jul. 15, 2024
The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	7.75%	7.75%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Feb. 15, 2026	Feb. 15, 2026
The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	10.50%	10.50%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Feb. 15, 2026	Feb. 15, 2026
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	10.00%	10.00%		10.00%	10.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Nov. 15, 2025	Nov. 15, 2025
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate		11.25%	11.25%
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	11.25%	11.25%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Feb. 15, 2026	Feb. 15, 2026
The 13.5% 2026 Notes [Member] | Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	13.50%	13.50%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Feb. 01, 2026	Feb. 01, 2026
The 5.0% 2040 Notes [Member] | Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	5.00%	5.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Feb. 01, 2040	Feb. 01, 2040
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member] | Unsecured Senior Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Feb. 01, 2027	Feb. 01, 2027
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member] | Senior Secured Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Jan. 31, 2028	Jan. 31, 2028

XML

Note 9 - Leases

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]

9. Leases

We lease certain office space for use in our operations. We assess each of these contracts to determine whether the arrangement contains a lease as defined by ASC

842

“Leases” ("ASC

842"

). In order to meet the definition of a lease under ASC

842,

the contractual arrangement must convey to us the right to control the use of an identifiable asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and combine lease and non-lease components for all leases. Our office lease terms are generally from

three

to

five

years and generally contain renewal options. In accordance with ASC

842,

our lease terms include those renewals only to the extent that they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The exercise of these lease renewal options is generally at our discretion. In accordance with ASC

842,

the lease liability is equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments while the right of use (“ROU”) asset is based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment, such as for lease incentives. Our leases do

not

provide a readily determinable implicit interest rate and therefore, we must estimate our incremental borrowing rate. In determining the incremental borrowing rate, we consider the lease period and our collateralized borrowing rates.

Our lease population at

April 30, 2020

is comprised of operating leases where we are the lessee and these leases are primarily real estate for office space for our corporate office, division offices and design centers. As allowed by ASC

842,

we adopted an accounting policy election to

not

record leases with lease terms of

twelve

months or less on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Lease cost included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in Selling, general and administrative expenses and payments on our lease liabilities are presented in the table below. Our short-term lease costs and sublease income are de minimis.

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	April 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$2,625
Cash payments on lease liabilities	$2,308

ROU assets are classified within Prepaids and other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, while lease liabilities are classified within Accounts payable and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table contains additional information about our leases:

(In thousands)	At April 30, 2020
ROU assets	$21,144
Lease liabilities	$22,165
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	3.7
Weighted-average discount rate (incremental borrowing rate)	9.5	%

Maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of

April 30, 2020

are as follows:

Year ended October 31,	(In thousands)
2020 (excluding the six months ended April 30, 2020)	$4,462
2021	8,069
2022	6,860
2023	3,584
2024	1,315
Thereafter	2,103
Total payments	26,393
Less: imputed interest	(4,228	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$22,165

XML

Note 5 - Variable Interest Entities

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Variable Interest Entity Disclosure [Text Block]

5. Variable Interest Entities

The Company enters into land and lot option purchase contracts to procure land or lots for the construction of homes. Under these contracts, the Company will fund a stated deposit in consideration for the right, but

not

the obligation, to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. Under the terms of the option purchase contracts, many of the option deposits are

not

refundable at the Company's discretion. Under the requirements of ASC 

810,

certain option purchase contracts

may

result in the creation of a variable interest in the entity (“VIE”) that owns the land parcel under option.

In compliance with ASC 

810,

the Company analyzes its option purchase contracts to determine whether the corresponding land sellers are VIEs and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. Although the Company does

not

have legal title to the underlying land, ASC 

810

requires the Company to consolidate a VIE if the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary. In determining whether it is the primary beneficiary, the Company considers, among other things, whether it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Such activities would include, among other things, determining or limiting the scope or purpose of the VIE, selling or transferring property owned or controlled by the VIE, or arranging financing for the VIE. The Company also considers whether it has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. As a result of its analyses, the Company determined that as of

April 30, 2020

and

October 31, 2019,

it was

not

the primary beneficiary of any VIEs from which it is purchasing land under option purchase contracts.

We will continue to secure land and lots using options, some of which are with VIEs. Including deposits on our unconsolidated VIEs, at

April 30, 2020,

we had total cash and letters of credit deposits amounting to

$74.1

million to purchase land and lots with a total purchase price of

$1.2

billion. The maximum exposure to loss with respect to our land and lot options is limited to the deposits plus any pre-development costs invested in the property, although some deposits are refundable at our request or refundable if certain conditions are

not

met.

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Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Apr. 30, 2020	Mar. 25, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 10, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019	Jan. 15, 2019	Jan. 29, 2018	Jul. 27, 2017
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 158.5	$ 158.5
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%			10.00%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount		$ 59.1	$ 23.2	$ 23.2
The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 25.0
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.50%		10.50%	10.50%	10.50%	10.50%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount			$ 141.7	$ 141.7
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage							5.00%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount			163.0	163.0
The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			81.5	$ 81.5
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage		11.25%			11.25%
Debt Instrument, Exchange, Amount Issued		$ 59.1
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member] | Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	11.25%				11.25%
Debt Instrument Exchanged, Face Amount					$ 103.1
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset			23.3
Operating Lease, Liability, Total			$ 24.4

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Note 6 - Warranty Costs (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Balance, beginning of period	$89,905		$93,410		$89,371		$95,064
Additions – Selling, general and administrative	2,050		1,959		3,991		4,117
Additions – Cost of sales	2,020		1,308		3,923		3,336
Charges incurred during the period	(7,551	)	(4,020	)	(11,216	)	(10,111	)
Changes to pre-existing reserves	715		192		1,070		443
Balance, end of period	$87,139		$92,849		$87,139		$92,849

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Note 13 - Per Share Calculation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Hovnanian	$4,079		$(15,257	)	$(5,069	)	$(32,709	)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	(216	)	-		-		-
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257	)	(5,069	)	(32,709	)
Plus: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	216		-		-		-
Less: undistributed earnings reallocated to nonvested shares	(216	)	-		-		-
Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257	)	(5,069	)	(32,709	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share	6,172		5,962		6,166		5,960
Effect of dilutive securities:
Share based payments	260		-		-		-
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding	6,432		5,962		6,166		5,960
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$0.63		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$0.60		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)

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Note 10 - Mortgage Loans Held for Sale (Details Textual) $ in Millions	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019
Loans Pledged as Collateral	$ 59.0	$ 143.2
Number of Loans Reserved For	21		20

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Revenues		$ 538,351	$ 440,691	$ 1,032,407	$ 821,285
Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs				3,838	2,166
Total expenses		540,219	462,855	1,052,707	870,117
Corporate general and administrative		15,275	16,169	35,019	33,833
Other interest expensed	[1],[2]	26,869	22,663	51,872	44,936
Other operations		214	329	408	571
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt		(174)		9,282
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures		6,221	7,252	7,761	16,814
Income (loss) before income taxes		4,179	(14,912)	(3,257)	(32,018)
Tax provision (benefit)		100	345	1,812	691
Net income (loss)		$ 4,079	$ (15,257)	$ (5,069)	$ (32,709)
Net income (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.63	$ (2.56)	$ (0.82)	$ (5.49)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares)		6,172	5,962	6,166	5,960
Net income (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.60	$ (2.56)	$ (0.82)	$ (5.49)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares)		6,432	5,962	6,166	5,960
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Tax provision (benefit)		$ 100	$ 345	$ 1,812	$ 691
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Tax provision (benefit)
Homebuilding [Member]
Revenues		523,990	428,384	1,004,032	799,370
Cost of sales, excluding interest		428,027	355,477	824,382	660,404
Cost of sales interest		18,589	13,898	36,725	24,140
Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs		1,010	1,462	3,838	2,166
Total cost of sales		447,626	370,837	864,945	686,710
Selling, general and administrative		40,605	44,179	81,279	86,915
Total expenses		488,231	415,016	946,224	773,625
Homebuilding [Member] | Sale of Homes [Member]
Revenues		523,347	427,552	1,002,580	789,687
Homebuilding [Member] | Land Sales and Other Revenues [Member]
Revenues		643	832	1,452	9,683
Financial Services [Member]
Revenues		14,361	12,307	28,375	21,915
Total expenses		$ 9,630	$ 8,678	$ 19,184	$ 17,152

[1] Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended April 30, April 30, (In thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Other interest expensed $26,869 $22,663 $51,872 $44,936 Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries 509 514 1,279 1,203 (Increase) decrease in accrued interest (5,553 ) (19,776 ) (17,371 ) (2,299 ) Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $21,825 $3,401 $35,780 $43,840

[2] Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt, which amounted to $13.8 million and $15.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $28.7 million and $32.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other interest also includes interest on completed homes, land in planning and fully developed lots without homes under construction, which does not qualify for capitalization and therefore is expensed. This component of other interest was $13.1 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $23.2 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Note 8 - Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Customer's Deposits (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019
Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value, Total	$ 15,800	$ 143,100
Mortgage Warehouse Lines of Credit [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Total	2,700	2,000
Homebuilding [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Total	16,052	20,905	$ 17,223
Financial Services [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Total	29,727	24,800	$ 21,958
Financial Services [Member] | Customer Deposits [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Total	$ 27,000	$ 22,800

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Note 12 - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities - Senior Notes and Credit Facilities Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Apr. 30, 2020	Mar. 25, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Net discounts and premiums		$ (21,461)		$ 49,145
Net debt issuance costs		(24,203)		(19,970)
Total Senior Notes and Credit Facilities, net of discount, premium and debt issuance costs		1,583,507		1,479,990
The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross			$ 162,300	103,100
Senior Secured Notes [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		1,159,490		1,165,848
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% 2022 Notes [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		136,714		218,994
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% 2024 Notes [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		69,683		211,391
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due 2025 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		158,502
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		350,000		350,000
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		282,322		282,322
Senior Secured Notes [Member] | The 11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		162,269		103,141
Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		180,710		180,710
Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member] | The 8.0% Senior Notes Due 2027 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross	[1]
Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member] | The 13.5% Senior Notes Due 2026 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		90,590		90,590
Unsecured Senior Notes Excluding Senior Amortizing Notes and Senior Exchangeable Notes [Member] | The 5.0% Senior Notes due 2040 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		90,120		90,120
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility Due 2027 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		39,551		202,547
Senior Secured Term Loan [Member] | The 10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loans Due 2028 [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross		81,498
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-term Debt, Gross	[2]	$ 125,000

[1] $26.0 million of 8.0% Senior Notes are owned by a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary of HEI. Therefore, in accordance with GAAP, such notes are not reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of HEI. On November 1, 2019, the maturity of the 8.0% Senior Notes was extended to November 1, 2027.

[2] At April 30, 2020, provides for up to $125.0 million in aggregate amount of senior secured first lien revolving loans. Availability thereunder will terminate on December 28, 2022.

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Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

1. Basis of Presentation

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (“HEI”) conducts all of its homebuilding and financial services operations through its subsidiaries (references herein to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to HEI and its consolidated subsidiaries and should be understood to reflect the consolidated business of HEI’s subsidiaries). HEI has reportable segments consisting of

six

Homebuilding segments (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Southeast, Southwest and West) and the Financial Services segment (see Note

17

).

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include HEI's accounts and those of all of its consolidated subsidiaries after elimination of all of its significant intercompany balances and transactions. Noncontrolling interest represents the proportionate equity interest in a consolidated joint venture that is

not

100%

owned by the Company. One of HEI's subsidiaries owns a

99%

controlling interest in the consolidated joint venture, and therefore HEI is required to consolidate the joint venture within its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The

1%

that we do

not

own is accounted for as noncontrolling interest. 

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form

10

-Q and Article

10

of Regulation S-

X,

and accordingly, they do

not

include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form

10

-K for the fiscal year ended

October 31, 2019. 

In the opinion of management, all adjustments for interim periods presented have been made, which include normal recurring accruals and deferrals necessary for a fair presentation of our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and these differences could have a significant impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Results for interim periods are

not

necessarily indicative of the results which might be expected for a full year. 

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Note 20 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Changes in Fair Values Included in Income (Loss) (Details) - Financial Services Revenue Line Item [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Loans Held for Sale [Member]
Fair value included in net income all reflected in financial services revenues	$ (709)	$ 946	$ 2,153	$ 2,942
Interest Rate Lock Commitments [Member]
Fair value included in net income all reflected in financial services revenues	224	(208)	342	17
Forward Contracts [Member]
Fair value included in net income all reflected in financial services revenues	$ (271)	$ 406	$ (454)	$ 21

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Note 21 - Transactions With Related Parties (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Tavit Najarian [Member]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	$ 0.2	$ 0.3	$ 0.3	$ 0.4

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Note 7 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	May 02, 2018	Apr. 30, 2020
EPA Case Involving a Housing Redevelopment Project in Newark, New Jersey [Member]
Loss Contingency, Percentage of Plaintiff's Costs for Which Reimbursement is Demanded	100.00%
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value	$ 2.7
Great Notch Condominium Claims[Member]
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value		$ 119.5

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Note 2 - Stock Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Allocated Share Based Compensation, Income	$ 0.1		$ 0.2
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense	0.3	$ 0.6	0.9	$ 1.2
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense	$ 0.1	$ 0.1	$ 0.3	$ 0.2

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Note 4 - Reduction of Inventory to Fair Value (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Number of Communities Evaluated for Impairment			374	398
Number of Communities Performed Detailed Impairment Calculations			1	6
Carrying Value of Communities Tested for Impairment			$ 600	$ 51,600
Impairment of Real Estate	$ 0	$ 1,000	0	1,000
Homebuilding [Member]
Impairment of Real Estate		$ 1,000		$ 1,000
Number of Communities Impaired		2		3
PreImpairment Value		$ 3,900		$ 10,200
Land Option Write Offs	$ 1,000	$ 500	$ 3,800	$ 1,200
Number of Walk Away Lots	1,079	680	2,364	2,170
Number of Communities Mothballed During the Period			0
Number of Mothballed Communities Reactivated			1
Number of Communities Mothballed	13		13		13
Inventory Real Estate Mothballed Communities	$ 13,800		$ 13,800		$ 13,800
Inventory Real Estate Mothballed Communities Accumulated Impairment Charges	138,100		138,100		138,100
Liabilities from Inventory Real Estate Not Owned	144,536		144,536		141,033
Homebuilding [Member] | Model Sale Leaseback Financing Arrangements [Member]
Inventory Real Estate, Other Options	44,600		44,600		54,200
Liabilities from Inventory Real Estate Not Owned	43,300		43,300		51,200
Homebuilding [Member] | Land Banking Arrangement [Member]
Inventory Real Estate, Other Options	153,600		153,600		136,100
Liabilities from Inventory Real Estate Not Owned	$ 101,200		$ 101,200		$ 89,800
Minimum [Member] | Homebuilding [Member] | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Inventory, Measurement Input				18
Maximum [Member] | Homebuilding [Member] | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Inventory, Measurement Input				18.3

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Note 17 - Operating and Reporting Segments - Financial Information Relating to Segment Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Revenues, Total		$ 538,351	$ 440,691	$ 1,032,407	$ 821,285
Income (loss) before income taxes		4,179	(14,912)	(3,257)	(32,018)
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Revenues, Total		155	426	424	1,029
Income (loss) before income taxes	[1]	(28,180)	(28,929)	(52,352)	(63,354)
Homebuilding [Member]
Revenues, Total		523,990	428,384	1,004,032	799,370
Homebuilding [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		523,835	427,958	1,003,608	798,341
Income (loss) before income taxes		27,628	10,388	39,904	26,573
Homebuilding [Member] | Northeast [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		46,798	13,059	92,074	33,000
Income (loss) before income taxes		6,722	125	12,463	6,004
Homebuilding [Member] | Mid-Atlantic [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		89,738	80,847	177,497	134,277
Income (loss) before income taxes		5,466	393	9,524	386
Homebuilding [Member] | Midwest [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		56,673	42,937	103,117	87,858
Income (loss) before income taxes		(385)	(594)	(3,828)	(1,443)
Homebuilding [Member] | Southeast [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		56,369	49,382	93,143	93,373
Income (loss) before income taxes		50	(4,132)	(4,261)	(7,061)
Homebuilding [Member] | Southwest [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		170,654	143,850	334,553	262,049
Income (loss) before income taxes		13,052	4,286	21,672	6,672
Homebuilding [Member] | West [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		103,603	97,883	203,224	187,784
Income (loss) before income taxes		2,723	10,310	4,334	22,015
Financial Services [Member]
Revenues, Total		14,361	12,307	28,375	21,915
Financial Services [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenues, Total		14,361	12,307	28,375	21,915
Income (loss) before income taxes		$ 4,731	$ 3,629	$ 9,191	$ 4,763

[1] Corporate and unallocated for the three months ended April 30, 2020 included corporate general and administrative costs of $15.3 million, interest expense of $13.8 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), $0.2 million of loss on extinguishment of debt and $(1.1) million of other income and expenses primarily related to interest income and stock compensation. Corporate and unallocated for the six months ended April 30, 2020 included corporate general and administrative costs of $35.0 million, interest expense of $28.7 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), $(9.3) million of gain on extinguishment of debt and $(2.0) million of other income and expenses. Corporate and unallocated for the three months ended April 30, 2019 included corporate general and administrative costs of $16.2 million, interest expense of $13.1 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), and $(0.3) million of other income and expenses primarily related to interest income and stock compensation. Corporate and unallocated for the six months ended April 30, 2019 included corporate general and administrative costs of $33.8 million, interest expense of $30.7 million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), and $(1.1) million of other income and expenses.

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Note 14 - Preferred Stock (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jul. 12, 2005	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued, Total (in shares)		5,600		5,600		5,600
Preferred Class A [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued, Total (in shares)	5,600
Preferred Stock, Dividend Rate, Percentage	7.625%
Preferred Stock, Liquidation Preference Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 25,000
Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Number of Shares of Preferred Stock in Each Depositary Share (in shares)	0.001
Payments of Dividends, Total		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Note 17 - Operating and Reporting Segments

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

17. Operating and Reporting Segments

HEI’s operating segments are components of the Company’s business for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed regularly by the chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, to evaluate performance and make operating decisions. Based on this criteria, each of the Company's communities qualifies as an operating segment, and therefore, it is impractical to provide segment disclosures for this many segments. As such, HEI has aggregated the homebuilding operating segments into

six

reportable segments.

HEI’s homebuilding operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments based primarily upon geographic proximity, similar regulatory environments, land acquisition characteristics and similar methods used to construct and sell homes. HEI’s reportable segments consist of the following

six

homebuilding segments and a financial services segment noted below.

Homebuilding:

( 1 )	Northeast (New Jersey and Pennsylvania)
( 2 )	Mid-Atlantic (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia)
( 3 )	Midwest (Illinois and Ohio)
( 4 )	Southeast (Florida, Georgia and South Carolina)
( 5 )	Southwest (Arizona and Texas)
( 6 )	West (California)

Financial Services

Operations of the Homebuilding segments primarily include the sale and construction of single-family attached and detached homes, attached townhomes and condominiums, urban infill and active lifestyle homes in planned residential developments. In addition, from time to time, operations of the homebuilding segments include sales of land. Operations of the Financial Services segment include mortgage banking and title services provided to the homebuilding operations’ customers. Our financial services subsidiaries do

not

typically retain or service mortgages that we originate but rather sell the mortgages and related servicing rights to investors. 

Corporate and unallocated primarily represents operations at our headquarters in New Jersey. This includes our executive offices, information services, human resources, corporate accounting, training, treasury, process redesign, internal audit, construction services, and administration of insurance, quality and safety. It also includes interest income and interest expense resulting from interest incurred that cannot be capitalized in inventory in the Homebuilding segments, as well as the gains or losses on extinguishment of debt from any debt repurchases or exchanges.  

Evaluation of segment performance is based primarily on operating earnings from continuing operations before provision for income taxes (“Income (loss) before income taxes”). Income (loss) before income taxes for the Homebuilding segments consist of revenues generated from the sales of homes and land, income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, management fees and other income, less the cost of homes and land sold, selling, general and administrative expenses and interest expense. Income (loss) before income taxes for the Financial Services segment consist of revenues generated from mortgage financing, title insurance and closing services, less the cost of such services and selling, general and administrative expenses incurred by the Financial Services segment. 

Operational results of each segment are

not

necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred had the segment been an independent stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

Financial information relating to HEI’s segment operations was as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Northeast	$46,798		$13,059		$92,074		$33,000
Mid-Atlantic	89,738		80,847		177,497		134,277
Midwest	56,673		42,937		103,117		87,858
Southeast	56,369		49,382		93,143		93,373
Southwest	170,654		143,850		334,553		262,049
West	103,603		97,883		203,224		187,784
Total homebuilding	523,835		427,958		1,003,608		798,341
Financial services	14,361		12,307		28,375		21,915
Corporate and unallocated	155		426		424		1,029
Total revenues	$538,351		$440,691		$1,032,407		$821,285
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Northeast	$6,722		$125		$12,463		$6,004
Mid-Atlantic	5,466		393		9,524		386
Midwest	(385	)	(594	)	(3,828	)	(1,443	)
Southeast	50		(4,132	)	(4,261	)	(7,061	)
Southwest	13,052		4,286		21,672		6,672
West	2,723		10,310		4,334		22,015
Total homebuilding	27,628		10,388		39,904		26,573
Financial services	4,731		3,629		9,191		4,763
Corporate and unallocated (1)	(28,180	)	(28,929	)	(52,352	)	(63,354	)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$4,179		$(14,912	)	$(3,257	)	$(32,018	)

(

1

)  Corporate and unallocated for the

three

months ended

April 30, 2020

included corporate general and administrative costs of

$15.3

million, interest expense of

$13.8

million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations),

$0.2

million of loss on extinguishment of debt and $(

1.1

) million of other income and expenses primarily related to interest income and stock compensation. Corporate and unallocated for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

included corporate general and administrative costs of

$35.0

million, interest expense of

$28.7

million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), $(

9.3

) million of gain on extinguishment of debt and $(

2.0

) million of other income and expenses. Corporate and unallocated for the

three

months ended

April 30, 2019

included corporate general and administrative costs of

$16.2

million, interest expense of

$13.1

million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), and $(

0.3

) million of other income and expenses primarily related to interest income and stock compensation. Corporate and unallocated for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2019

included corporate general and administrative costs of

$33.8

million, interest expense of

$30.7

million (a component of Other interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations), and $(

1.1

) million of other income and expenses.

	April 30,	October 31,
(In thousands)	2020	2019
Assets:
Northeast	$143,338	$163,342
Mid-Atlantic	264,490	264,894
Midwest	121,715	117,242
Southeast	282,036	281,654
Southwest	370,259	357,052
West	315,648	311,919
Total homebuilding	1,497,486	1,496,103
Financial services	111,302	199,275
Corporate and unallocated	296,783	186,046
Total assets	$1,905,571	$1,881,424

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Note 13 - Per Share Calculation

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

13. Per Share Calculation

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) (the “numerator”) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for nonvested shares of restricted stock (the “denominator”) for the period. Computing diluted earnings per share is similar to computing basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the dilutive effects of options and nonvested shares of restricted stock. Any options that have an exercise price greater than the average market price are considered to be anti-dilutive and are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.   

All outstanding nonvested shares that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents that participate in undistributed earnings with common stock are considered participating securities and are included in computing earnings per share pursuant to the

two

-class method. The

two

-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends or dividend equivalents and participation rights in undistributed earnings in periods when we have net income. The Company’s restricted common stock (“nonvested shares”) are considered participating securities.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented below were calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	April 30,				April 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Hovnanian	$4,079		$(15,257	)	$(5,069	)	$(32,709	)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	(216	)	-		-		-
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257	)	(5,069	)	(32,709	)
Plus: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares	216		-		-		-
Less: undistributed earnings reallocated to nonvested shares	(216	)	-		-		-
Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share	3,863		(15,257	)	(5,069	)	(32,709	)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share	6,172		5,962		6,166		5,960
Effect of dilutive securities:
Share based payments	260		-		-		-
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding	6,432		5,962		6,166		5,960
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$0.63		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$0.60		$(2.56	)	$(0.82	)	$(5.49	)

There were

0.3

million incremental shares attributed to nonvested stock and outstanding options to purchase common stock for the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020,

and

0.1

million for both the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

respectively, which were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because we had a net loss for the period. 

In addition, shares related to out-of-the money stock options that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were

not

included in the computation of diluted earnings per share were

0.2

million for both the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2020,

respectively, and

0.3

million for both the

three

and

six

months ended

April 30, 2019,

respectively, because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.   

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Note 21 - Transactions With Related Parties

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

21. Transactions with Related Parties

During the

three

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019,

an engineering firm owned by Tavit Najarian, a relative of Ara K. Hovnanian, our Chairman of the Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer, provided services to the Company totaling

$0.2

million and

$0.3

million, respectively. During the

six

months ended

April 30, 2020

and

2019

the services provided by such engineering firm to the Company totaled

$0.3

million and

$0.4

million, respectively. Neither the Company nor Mr. Hovnanian has a financial interest in the relative’s company from whom the services were provided.