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REVENUE (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Performance Obligation, Recognition Period
Below is a listing of performance obligations that arise from contracts with customers, along with details on the satisfaction of each performance obligation, the significant payment terms and the nature of the goods and services being transferred, by reporting segment and other business operations:

Revenue Recognized Over Time:
Segment/ OperationsPerformance ObligationDescription
NJNGNatural gas utility salesNJNG’s performance obligation is to provide natural gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers as demanded, based on regulated tariff rates, which are established by the BPU. Revenues from the sale of natural gas are recognized in the period that natural gas is delivered and consumed by customers, including an estimate for quantities consumed but not billed during the period. Payment is due each month for the previous month’s deliveries. Natural gas sales to individual customers are based on meter readings, which are performed on a systematic basis throughout the billing period. The unbilled revenue estimates are based on estimated customer usage by customer type, weather effects and the most current tariff rates. NJNG is entitled to be compensated for performance completed until service is terminated.

Customers may elect to purchase the natural gas commodity from NJNG or may contract separately to purchase natural gas directly from third-party suppliers. As NJNG is acting as an agent on behalf of the third-party supplier, revenue is recorded for the delivery of natural gas to the customer.
CEVCommercial solar electricity
CEV operates wholly-owned solar projects that recognize revenue as electricity is generated and transferred to the customer. The performance obligation is to provide electricity to the customer in accordance with contract terms or the interconnection agreement and is satisfied upon transfer of electricity generated.

Revenue is recognized as invoiced and the payment is due each month for the previous month's services.
CEVResidential solar electricity
CEV provides access to residential rooftop and ground-mount solar equipment to customers who then pay the Company a monthly fee. The performance obligation is to provide electricity to the customer based on generation from the underlying residential solar asset and is satisfied upon transfer of electricity generated.

Revenue is derived from the contract terms and is recognized as invoiced, with the payment due each month for the previous month’s services.
CEVRenewable energy certificatesCertain CEV projects generate TRECs and SREC IIs under the established ADI Program. A TREC or SREC II is created for every MWh of electricity produced by a solar generator. The performance obligation of CEV is to generate electricity. TRECs and SREC IIs under the ADI Program are purchased monthly by a REC Administrator.

Revenue is recognized upon generation.
Revenue Recognized Over Time (continued):
Segment/
Operations		Performance ObligationDescription
ESNatural gas services
The performance obligation of ES is to provide the customer transportation, storage and asset management services on an as-needed basis. ES generates revenue through management fees, demand charges, reservation fees and transportation charges centered around the buying and selling of the natural gas commodity, representing one series of distinct performance obligations.

Revenue is recognized based upon the underlying natural gas quantities physically delivered and the customer obtaining control. ES invoices customers in line with the terms of the contract and based on the services provided. Payment is due upon receipt of the invoice. For temporary releases of pipeline capacity, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the agreed upon term.
S&T
Natural gas services
The performance obligation of S&T is to provide the customer with storage and transportation services. S&T generates revenues from firm storage contracts and transportation contracts, injection and withdrawal at the storage facility and the delivery of natural gas to customers. Revenue is recognized over time as customers receive the benefits of its service as it is performed on their behalf using an output method based on actual deliveries.

Demand fees are recognized as revenue over the term of the related agreement.
HSOService contracts
Home Services enters into service contracts with homeowners to provide maintenance and replacement of applicable heating, cooling or ventilation equipment. NJR Retail enters into warranty contracts with homeowners for various appliances. All services provided relate to a distinct performance obligation which is to provide services for the specific equipment over the term of the contract.

Revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract and payment is due upon receipt of the invoice.
Revenue Recognized at a Point in Time:
ESNatural gas services
For a permanent release of pipeline capacity, the performance obligation of ES is the release of the pipeline capacity associated with certain natural gas transportation contracts and the transfer of the underlying contractual rights to the counterparty.

Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of the underlying contractual rights.
S&T
Natural gas services
The performance obligation of S&T is to provide the customer with storage and transportation services. S&T generates revenues from usage fees and hub services for the use of storage space, injection and withdrawal from the storage facility. Hub services include park and loan transactions and wheeling.

Usage fees and hub services revenues are recognized as services are performed.
HSOInstallations
Home Services installs appliances, including, but not limited to, furnaces, air conditioning units, boilers and generators for customers. The distinct performance obligation is the installation of the contracted appliance, which is satisfied at the point in time the item is installed.

The transaction price for each installation differs accordingly. Revenue is recognized at a point in time upon completion of the installation, which is when the customer is billed.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by product line and by reporting segment and other business operations during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
(Thousands)NJNGCEV ESS&THSOTotal
2024
Natural gas utility sales (1)
$861,882 — — — — $861,882 
Natural gas services— — 164,165 96,209 — 260,374 
Service contracts— — — — 36,231 36,231 
Installations and maintenance— — — — 26,404 26,404 
Renewable energy certificates— 15,111 — — — 15,111 
Electricity sales— 32,913 — — — 32,913 
Eliminations (2)
(1,350)— — (1,358)(258)(2,966)
Revenues from contracts with customers860,532 48,024 164,165 94,851 62,377 1,229,949 
Alternative revenue programs (3)
1,087 — — — — 1,087 
Derivative instruments156,863 82,539 (4)321,226 — — 560,628 
Eliminations (2)
— — 4,875 — — 4,875 
Revenues out of scope157,950 82,539 326,101 — — 566,590 
Total operating revenues$1,018,482 130,563 490,266 94,851 62,377 $1,796,539 
2023
Natural gas utility sales (1)
$845,392 — — — — $845,392 
Natural gas services— — 76,975 92,859 — 169,834 
Service contracts— — — — 35,210 35,210 
Installations and maintenance— — — — 22,428 22,428 
Renewable energy certificates— 12,636 — — — 12,636 
Electricity sales— 31,733 — — — 31,733 
Eliminations (2)
(1,349)— — (4,159)(205)(5,713)
Revenues from contracts with customers844,043 44,369 76,975 88,700 57,433 1,111,520 
Alternative revenue programs (3)
27,257 — — — — 27,257 
Derivative instruments139,984 79,762 (4)614,641 — — 834,387 
Eliminations (2)
— — (10,170)— — (10,170)
Revenues out of scope167,241 79,762 604,471 — — 851,474 
Total operating revenues$1,011,284 124,131 681,446 88,700 57,433 $1,962,994 
2022
Natural gas utility sales$951,626 — — — — 951,626 
Natural gas services— — 83,801 67,735 — 151,536 
Service contracts— — — — 33,932 33,932 
Installations and maintenance— — — — 22,250 22,250 
Renewable energy certificates— 5,487 — — — 5,487 
Electricity sales— 38,317 — — — 38,317 
Eliminations (2)
(1,350)— — (2,449)(364)(4,163)
Revenues from contracts with customers950,276 43,804 83,801 65,286 55,818 1,198,985 
Alternative revenue programs (3)
11,259 — — — — 11,259 
Derivative instruments165,882 84,476 (4)1,445,471 — — 1,695,829 
Eliminations (2)
— — (94)— — (94)
Revenues out of scope177,141 84,476 1,445,377 — — 1,706,994 
Total operating revenues$1,127,417 128,280 1,529,178 65,286 55,818 2,905,979 
(1)Includes building rent related to the Wall headquarters, which is eliminated in consolidation.
(2)Consists of transactions between subsidiaries that are eliminated in consolidation.
(3)Includes CIP revenue.
(4)Includes SREC revenue.
Disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by customer type and by reporting segment and other business operations during the fiscal years ended September 30, are as follows:
(Thousands)NJNGCEVESS&THSOTotal
2024
Residential$641,606 13,960 — — 62,219 $717,785 
Commercial and industrial123,727 34,064 164,165 94,851 158 416,965 
Firm transportation86,600 — — — — 86,600 
Interruptible, off-tariff and other8,599 — — — — 8,599 
Revenues out of scope157,950 82,539 326,101 — — 566,590 
Total operating revenues$1,018,482 130,563 490,266 94,851 62,377 $1,796,539 
2023
Residential$621,663 13,668 — — 57,091 $692,422 
Commercial and industrial136,011 30,701 76,975 88,700 342 332,729 
Firm transportation77,722 — — — — 77,722 
Interruptible, off-tariff and other8,647 — — — — 8,647 
Revenues out of scope167,241 79,762 604,471 — — 851,474 
Total operating revenues$1,011,284 124,131 681,446 88,700 57,433 $1,962,994 
2022
Residential$586,678 12,579 — — 55,629 $654,886 
Commercial and industrial265,970 31,225 83,801 65,286 189 446,471 
Firm transportation92,531 — — — — 92,531 
Interruptible, off-tariff and other5,097 — — — — 5,097 
Revenues out of scope177,141 84,476 1,445,377 — — 1,706,994 
Total operating revenues$1,127,417 128,280 1,529,178 65,286 55,818 $2,905,979 
Expected Timing of Performance
The timing of revenue recognition, customer billings and cash collections resulting in accounts receivables, billed and unbilled, and customers’ credit balances and deposits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
Customer Accounts ReceivableCustomers’Credit
(Thousands)BilledUnbilledBalances and Deposits
Balance as of September 30, 2022$222,297 $13,769 $33,246 
(Decrease) increase(124,757)5,331 11,664 
Balance as of September 30, 202397,540 19,100 44,910 
Increase (decrease)7,991 994 (6,315)
Balance as of September 30, 2024$105,531 $20,094 $38,595 
Performance Obligation, in Excess of Billings
The following table provides information about receivables, which are included within accounts receivable, billed and unbilled, and customers’ credit balances and deposits, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30:
(Thousands)NJNGCEV ESS&THSOTotal
2024
Customer accounts receivable
Billed$51,613 8,441 34,002 8,598 2,877 $105,531 
Unbilled11,839 8,255 — — — 20,094 
Customers’ credit balances and deposits(38,572)— — (23)— (38,595)
Total$24,880 16,696 34,002 8,575 2,877 $87,030 
2023
Customer accounts receivable
Billed$55,234 9,962 23,716 6,577 2,051 $97,540 
Unbilled10,784 8,316 — — — 19,100 
Customers’ credit balances and deposits(44,898)— — (12)— (44,910)
Total$21,120 18,278 23,716 6,565 2,051 $71,730