4. Revenue

We derive revenue from the sale of integrated hardware and software, third-party service contracts, professional services, managed services, financing of hardware and software, and other services.

We recognize revenue from hardware upon transfer of control, which is at a point in time typically upon shipment when title transfers. Revenue from software is recognized at a point in time when the license is granted.

We recognize revenue from third-party service contracts as either gross sales or net sales depending on whether the Company is acting as a principal party to the transaction or simply acting as an agent or broker based on control and timing. The Company is a principal if it controls the good or service before that good or service is transferred to the customer. We record revenue as gross when the Company is a principal party to the arrangement and net of cost when we are acting as a broker or agent. Under gross sales recognition, the entire selling price is recorded in revenue and our cost to the third-party service provider or vendor is recorded in cost of goods sold. Under net sales recognition, the cost to the third-party service provider or vendor is recorded as a reduction to revenue resulting in net sales equal to the gross profit on the transaction. Third-party service contracts are sold in different combinations with hardware, software, and services. We have determined the third-party services contracts are a single performance obligation in each sale. When the Company is an agent, revenue is typically recorded at a point in time. When the Company is the principal, revenue is recognized over the contract term.

Professional services generally include implementation, installation, and training services. Professional services are considered a series of distinct services that form one performance obligation and revenue is recognized over time as services are performed.

Revenue generated from managed services is recognized over the term of the contract. Certain managed services contracts include financing of hardware and software. Revenues from arrangements which include financing are allocated considering relative standalone selling prices of lease and non-lease components within the agreement. The lease component includes hardware, which is subject to ASC 842, Leases. The non-lease components are subject to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Other services generally include revenue generated through our royalty, extended warranty, multicomputer repair, and maintenance contracts. Royalty revenue is sales-based and recognized on date of subsequent sale of the product, which occurs on the date of customer shipment. Revenue from extended warranty contracts is recognized evenly over the period of the warranty. Multicomputer repair services revenue is recognized upon control transfer when the customer takes possession of the computer at time of shipping. Revenue generated from maintenance services is recognized evenly over the term of the contract.

Variable consideration is immaterial. The right of return risk lies with the original manufacturer of the product. Managed service contracts contain the right to refund if canceled within 30 days of inception. Any products with a standard warranty are treated as a warranty obligation under ASC 460, Guarantees.

The following policies are applicable to our major categories of segment revenue transactions:

TS Segment Revenue

TS Segment revenue is derived from the sale of hardware, software, professional services, third-party service contracts, maintenance contracts, managed services, and financing of hardware and software. Financing revenue pertaining to the portion of an arrangement containing a lease is recognized in accordance with ASC 842. Financing revenue related to the lease is recorded in revenue as equipment leasing is part of the Company’s operations.

Third-party service contracts are evaluated to determine whether such service revenue should be recorded as gross or net sales and whether over time or at point in time.

HPP Segment Revenue

HPP segment revenue is derived from the sale of integrated hardware and software, maintenance, and other services through the Multicomputer and Myricom product lines.

Myricom revenue is derived from the sale of products, which are comprised of both hardware and embedded software which is essential to the products’ functionality, and post contract maintenance and support. Post contract maintenance and support is considered immaterial in the context of the contract and therefore is not a separate performance obligation.

See disaggregated revenues below by products/services and geography.


			Technology Solutions Segment
	High
	Performance
	Products		United						Consolidated
For the three months ended March 31,	Segment		Kingdom		U.S.		Total		Total
	(Amounts in thousands)
2020
Sales:
Product	$	922	$	184	$	11,167	$	11,351	$	12,273
Service		553		84		3,162		3,246		3,799
Finance *		—		—		23		23		23
Total sales	$	1,475	$	268	$	14,352	$	14,620	$	16,095

			Technology Solutions Segment
	High
	Performance
	Products		United						Consolidated
For the three months ended March 31,	Segment		Kingdom		U.S.		Total		Total
	(Amounts in thousands)
2019
Sales:
Product	$	1,375	$	1,888	$	10,303	$	12,191	$	13,566
Service		239		95		2,413		2,508		2,747
Finance *		—		—		37		37		37
Total sales	$	1,614	$	1,983	$	12,753	$	14,736	$	16,350


			Technology Solutions Segment
	High
	Performance
	Products		United						Consolidated
For the six months ended March 31,	Segment		Kingdom		U.S.		Total		Total
	(Amounts in thousands)
2020
Sales:
Product	$	1,689	$	737	$	23,043	$	23,780	$	25,469
Service		827		210		6,112		6,322		7,149
Finance *		—		—		49		49		49
Total sales	$	2,516	$	947	$	29,204	$	30,151	$	32,667

			Technology Solutions Segment
	High
	Performance
	Products		United						Consolidated
For the six months ended March 31,	Segment		Kingdom		U.S.		Total		Total
	(Amounts in thousands)
2019
Sales:
Product	$	3,108	$	3,620	$	22,513	$	26,133	$	29,241
Service		532		165		5,319		5,484		6,016
Finance *		—		—		73		73		73
Total sales	$	3,640	$	3,785	$	27,905	$	31,690	$	35,330

* Finance revenue is related to equipment leasing and is not subject to the guidance on revenue from contracts with customers (ASC 606).

Significant Judgments

The input method using labor hours expended relative to the total expected hours is used to recognize revenue for professional services. Only the hours that depict the Company’s performance toward satisfying a performance obligation are used for progress. An estimate for professional services is made at the beginning of each contract based on prior experience and monitored throughout the services. This method is most appropriate as it depicts the measure of progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation.

When product and services are sold together, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation is calculated using a budgeted cost-plus margin approach. Due to the complex nature of these contracts, there is significant judgment in allocating the transaction price. These estimates are periodically reviewed by project managers, engineers, and other staff involved to ensure estimates are appropriate. For items sold separately, including hardware, software, professional services, maintenance contracts, other services, and third-party service contracts, there is no allocation as there is one performance obligation.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

When the Company has performed work but does not have an unconditional right to payment, a contract asset is recorded. When the Company has the right to bill a customer, accounts receivable is recorded as an unconditional right exists. Current contract assets were $1.4 million and $0.6 million as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The current portion is recorded in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no non-current contract assets as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019. The difference in the balances is due to regular timing differences between when work is performed and having an unconditional right to payment.

Contract liabilities arise when payment is received before the Company transfers a good or service to the customer. Current contract liabilities were $1.4 million and $0.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The current portion of contract liabilities is recorded in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portion of contract liabilities were $0.2 million and $0.3 million as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. These non-current liabilities are recorded in other noncurrent liabilities. Revenue recognized for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 that was included in contract liabilities as of the beginning of the period was insignificant and $0.3 million, respectively.

Contract Costs

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract involving customer transactions where the revenue and the related transfer of goods and services are less than a one-year period, are expensed as incurred, utilizing the practical expedient in ASC 340‑40‑25‑4. For a period greater than one year, incremental contract costs are capitalized if the Company expects to recover these costs. These costs are only capitalized if the contract is obtained. The costs are amortized over the contract term and expected renewal periods. The period of amortization is generally three to six years. Incremental costs are related to commissions in the TS portion of the business. Current capitalized contract costs are within the account other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019. The portion of current capitalized costs was $122 thousand and $85 thousand as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. There are no non-current capitalized costs on the consolidated balance sheets as these commissions are paid annually even when the contract extends beyond a one-year period. The amount of incremental costs amortized for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 was $84 thousand and $162 thousand, respectively. The amount of incremental costs amortized for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 was $56 thousand and $108 thousand, respectively. This is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses. There was no impairment related to incremental costs capitalized during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020.

Costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized when the costs are related to a contract or anticipated contract, generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future, and costs are recoverable. Costs to fulfill a contract are related to the TS portion of the business and involve activities performed before managed services can be completed. Current capitalized fulfillment costs are in the account other current assets and noncurrent costs are in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The portion of current capitalized costs was $13 thousand and $47 thousand as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The portion of noncurrent capitalized costs was $28 thousand as of March 31, 2020 and there were not any as of September 30, 2019. The amount of fulfillment costs amortized for three and six months ended March 31, 2020 was $6 thousand and $3 thousand, respectively. The amount of fulfillment costs amortized for three and six months ended March 31, 2019 was $3 thousand and $6 thousand, respectively. This is recorded in cost of sales. There was no impairment related to fulfillment costs capitalized.

Other

Projects are typically billed upon completion or at certain milestones. Product and services are typically billed when shipped or as services are being performed. Payment terms are typically 30 days to pay in full except in Europe where it could be up to 90 days. Most of the Company’s contracts are less than one year. As a practical expedient, the Company has elected not to adjust the amount of consideration for effects of a significant financing component when it is anticipated the promised good or service will be transferred and the subsequent payment will be one year or less. There are certain contracts that do contain a financing component. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. The Company elected to use the optional exemption to not disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that have an original expected duration of one year or less. This is due to a low amount of performance obligations less than one year being unsatisfied at each period end. Most of these contracts are related to product sales.

The Company has certain contracts that have an original term of more than one year. The royalty agreement is longer than one year and managed service contracts are generally longer than one year. For these contracts the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of March 31, 2020 is mainly related to managed service contracts and is set forth in the table below:


	(Amounts in thousands)
Fiscal 2020 (remaining 6 months)	$	1,030
Fiscal 2021		1,316
Fiscal 2022		602
Fiscal 2023		191
Fiscal 2024		30
	$	3,169