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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Pre-tax earnings by significant geographical locations
Pre-tax earnings by significant geographical locations are as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
United States
$
81,695

 
$
165,719

 
$
143,924

Foreign
160,221

 
141,384

 
135,141

 
$
241,916

 
$
307,103

 
$
279,065

Provisions for income taxes he provisions for income taxes are as follows (in thousands): 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current tax expense (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
5,791

 
$
17,900

 
$
112,673

State
5,895

 
5,980

 
5,035

Foreign
9,061

 
(16,008
)
 
19,689

 
20,747

 
7,872

 
137,397

Deferred tax expense (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
11,459

 
1,273

 
34,857

State
(719
)
 
235

 
473

Foreign
38,832

 
15,298

 
(885
)
 
49,572

 
16,806

 
34,445

Total income tax provision
$
70,319

 
$
24,678

 
$
171,842


Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) were classified on the balance sheet as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Deferred tax assets, non-current
$
39,983

 
$
100,620

Deferred tax liabilities, non-current
(53,544
)
 
(22,927
)
       Net deferred tax assets
$
(13,561
)
 
$
77,693


Note 16.
Income Taxes - (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Accrued liabilities and allowances
$
17,850

 
$
19,783

Tax credit and loss carry-forwards
19,471

 
30,831

Stock-based compensation
10,660

 
12,461

Inventory basis differences
11,306

 
10,749

Deferred revenue
2,869

 
2,900

Intangible assets

 
20,882

Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries

 
2,121

Other assets
265

 
1,156

        Gross deferred tax assets
62,421

 
100,883

        Valuation allowance
(2,787
)
 
(3,196
)
Total deferred tax assets, net
59,634

 
97,687

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Intangible assets
(38,209
)
 

Property and equipment
(16,536
)
 
(14,070
)
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries
(13,225
)
 

Other liabilities
(5,225
)
 
(5,924
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(73,195
)
 
(19,994
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
(13,561
)
 
$
77,693


Effective income tax rate reconciliation
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pretax income as a result of the following differences:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Statutory federal tax rate
21.0
 %
 
21.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
(Decrease) increase in rates resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
State taxes
2.6

 
2.5

 
1.8

Difference between statutory rate and foreign effective rate
2.7

 
(0.2
)
 
(10.7
)
Foreign, federal and state income tax credits
(3.3
)
 
(1.5
)
 
(2.0
)
European Union state aid matter

 
(10.8
)
 
0.1

United States transition tax

 
(2.6
)
 
23.8

Tax rate change on deferred items
1.0

 

 
5.1

Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries
2.3

 
(0.8
)
 
5.4

Audit settlements
6.7

 

 

Other
(3.9
)
 
0.4

 
3.1

Effective tax rate
29.1
 %
 
8.0
 %
 
61.6
 %

Activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, including amounts accrued for potential interest and penalties
The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, including amounts accrued for potential interest and penalties (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of year
$
33,205

 
$
77,275

 
$
51,851

Increases related to current year tax positions
2,602

 

 
17,264

Increases related to prior year tax positions
2,719

 
2,229

 
5,022

Lapse of statute of limitations
(13,371
)
 
(1,558
)
 
(1,260
)
Settlements
(4,402
)
 
(40,514
)
 
(986
)
Change due to currency translation

 
(4,227
)
 
5,384

Balance, end of year
$
20,753

 
$
33,205

 
$
77,275


Tax years open to examination by major taxing jurisdictions The Company currently has the following tax years open to examination by major taxing jurisdictions:
 
Tax Years:
United States Federal
2016 - 2018
State of California
2015 - 2018
State of Massachusetts
2015 - 2018
State of Oregon
2016 - 2018
Sweden
2012 - 2018
United Kingdom
2015 - 2018
Belgium
2012 - 2018