REVENUES

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASC 606 for all contracts that were not completed using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying FASB ASC 606 as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Prior period information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The Company recorded a net reduction to opening retained earnings of $0.3 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting FASB ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to royalty license fee revenues. The impact to revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was an increase of $1.9 million as a result of applying FASB ASC 606.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in FASB ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For contracts in which construction, engineering and installation services are provided, there is a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. The bundle of goods and services represents the combined output for which the customer has contracted. For product sales contracts with multiple performance obligations where each product is distinct, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good in the contract. For royalty license agreements whereby intellectual property is transferred to the customer, there is a single performance obligation as the license is not separately identifiable from the other goods and services in the contract.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for 92.6% and 93.3% of revenues for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 93.6% and 93.3% of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Revenues from construction, engineering and installation services are recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress toward satisfying performance obligations. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, general and administrative expenses. Revenues from royalty license arrangements are recognized either at contract inception when the license is transferred or when the royalty has been earned, depending on whether the contract contains fixed consideration. Revenues from stand-alone product sales are recognized at a point in time, when control of the product is transferred to the customer. Revenues from these types of contracts accounted for 7.4% and 6.7% of revenues for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 6.4% and 6.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

On September 30, 2018, the Company had $670.7 million of remaining performance obligations. The Company estimates that approximately $654.7 million, or 97.6%, of the remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2018 will be realized as revenues in the next 12 months.

Contract Estimates

Accounting for long-term contracts involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, the Company estimates the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract, and recognizes that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that sometimes span multiple years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.

The Company’s contracts do not typically contain variable consideration or other provisions that increase or decrease the transaction price. In rare situations where the transaction price is not fixed, the Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount to which it expects to be entitled. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. For royalty license agreements, the Company applies the sales-based and usage-based royalty exception and recognizes royalties at the later of: (i) when the subsequent sale or usage occurs; or (ii) the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-or usage-based royalty has been allocated. For contracts in which a portion of the transaction price is retained and paid after the good or service has been transferred to the customer, the Company does not recognize a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the retainage payment is often to provide the customer with assurance that the Company will perform its obligations under the contract, rather than to provide financing to the customer.

The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available.

Revenue by Category

The following tables summarize revenues by segment and geography (in thousands):



	Quarter Ended September 30, 2018
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Primary geographic region:
United States	$	111,902	$	72,022	$	78,374	$	262,298
Canada	16,153		19,767		—		35,920
Europe	13,460		2,821		—		16,281
Other foreign	14,166		11,014		—		25,180
Total revenues	$	155,681	$	105,624	$	78,374	$	339,679



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Primary geographic region:
United States	$	323,327	$	207,267	$	248,612	$	779,206
Canada	44,028		51,157		—		95,185
Europe	39,600		8,535		—		48,135
Other foreign	43,885		33,159		—		77,044
Total revenues	$	450,840	$	300,118	$	248,612	$	999,570



	Quarter Ended September 30, 2017
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Primary geographic region:
United States	$	128,356	$	57,024	$	65,435	$	250,815
Canada	17,936		24,003		—		41,939
Europe	13,900		3,467		—		17,367
Other foreign	13,969		17,782		—		31,751
Total revenues	$	174,161	$	102,276	$	65,435	$	341,872



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Primary geographic region:
United States	$	328,627	$	241,620	$	216,799	$	787,046
Canada	42,170		55,883		—		98,053
Europe	41,196		10,460		—		51,656
Other foreign	39,347		45,418		—		84,765
Total revenues	$	451,340	$	353,381	$	216,799	$	1,021,520

The following tables summarize revenues by segment and contract type (in thousands):



	Quarter Ended September 30, 2018
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Contract type:
Fixed fee	$	141,598	$	68,935	$	2,069	$	212,602
Time and materials	—		25,612		76,305		101,917
Product sales	11,679		11,077		—		22,756
License fees	2,404		—		—		2,404
Total revenues	$	155,681	$	105,624	$	78,374	$	339,679



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Contract type:
Fixed fee	$	416,392	$	210,819	$	13,793	$	641,004
Time and materials	—		60,160		234,819		294,979
Product sales	32,011		29,139		—		61,150
License fees	2,437		—		—		2,437
Total revenues	$	450,840	$	300,118	$	248,612	$	999,570



	Quarter Ended September 30, 2017
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Contract type:
Fixed fee	$	163,043	$	76,419	$	1,548	$	241,010
Time and materials	—		14,188		63,887		78,075
Product sales	10,987		11,669		—		22,656
License fees	131		—		—		131
Total revenues	$	174,161	$	102,276	$	65,435	$	341,872



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Contract type:
Fixed fee	$	419,991	$	276,431	$	4,216	$	700,638
Time and materials	—		40,325		212,583		252,908
Product sales	30,905		36,625		—		67,530
License fees	444		—		—		444
Total revenues	$	451,340	$	353,381	$	216,799	$	1,021,520

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, contract assets and contract liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract assets represent work performed that could not be billed either due to contract stipulations or the required contractual documentation has not been finalized. Substantially all unbilled amounts are expected to be billed and collected within one year.

For fixed fee and time-and-materials based contracts, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. For some royalty license arrangements, minimum amounts are billed over the license term as quarterly royalty amounts are determined. This results in contract assets as the Company recognizes revenue for the license when the license is transferred to the customer at contract inception. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance payments, billings in excess of revenue recognized and deferred revenue.

The Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Advance payments, billings in excess of revenue recognized and deferred revenue are each classified as current.

Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018⁽¹⁾			December 31, 2017⁽²⁾
Contract assets – current	$	88,348		$	75,371
Contract liabilities – current	(35,297		)	(51,597		)
Net contract assets	$	53,051		$	23,774

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⁽¹⁾	Amounts exclude contract assets of $2.2 million and contract liabilities of less than $0.1 million that were classified as held for sale at September 30, 2018 (see Note 5).


⁽²⁾	Amounts exclude contract assets of $1.3 million and contract liabilities of $5.5 million that were classified as held for sale at December 31, 2017 (see Note 5).

Included in the change of total net contract assets was a $13.0 million increase in contract assets, primarily related to the timing between work performed on open contracts and contractual billing terms, and a $16.3 million decrease in contract liabilities, primarily related to the timing of customer advances on certain contracts.

Substantially all of the $51.6 million and $62.7 million contract liabilities balances at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, were recognized in revenues during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Impairment losses recognized on receivables and contract assets were not material during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017.