RESTRUCTURING

2017 Restructuring

On July 28, 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2017 Restructuring. As part of the 2017 Restructuring, the Company announced plans to: (i) divest Bayou; (ii) exit all non-pipe related contract applications for the Tyfo^® system in North America; (iii) right-size the cathodic protection services operation in Canada and the CIPP businesses in Australia and Denmark; and (iv) reduce corporate and other operating costs. These decisions reflected the Company’s: (a) desire to reduce further its exposure in the North American upstream oil and gas markets; (b) assessment of its ability to drive sustainable, profitable growth in the non-pipe FRP contracting market in North America; and (c) assessment of continuing weak conditions in the Canadian oil and gas markets.

During the first quarter of 2018, total pre-tax 2017 Restructuring charges recorded were $5.2 million ($4.7 million post-tax) and consisted of employee severance, retention, extension of benefits, employment assistance programs, early lease and contract termination and other restructuring costs associated with the restructuring efforts described above. Total pre-tax 2017 Restructuring charges since inception were $29.0 million ($25.3 million post-tax) and consisted of non-cash charges totaling $12.5 million and cash charges totaling $16.5 million. The Company reduced headcount by approximately 310 employees as a result of these actions. The Company expects to incur additional charges of $2 million to $5 million, most of which are expected to be cash charges in 2018.

During the first quarter of 2018, the Company recorded pre-tax expenses related to the 2017 Restructuring as follows (in thousands):



	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Total
Severance and benefit related costs	$	865	$	206	$	1,071
Lease and contract termination costs	528		150		678
Relocation and other moving costs	40		—		40
Other restructuring costs ⁽¹⁾	2,100		1,355		3,455
Total pre-tax restructuring charges ⁽²⁾	$	3,533	$	1,711	$	5,244

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⁽¹⁾	Includes charges primarily related to certain wind-down costs, allowances for accounts receivable and other restructuring-related costs in connection with exiting non-pipe-related contract applications for the Tyfo^® system in North America.


⁽²⁾	Includes $0.6 million of corporate-related restructuring charges that have been allocated to the Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection reportable segments.

2017 Restructuring costs related to severance, other termination benefit costs and early lease and contract termination costs were $1.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and are reported on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes all charges related to the 2017 Restructuring recognized in the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as presented in their affected line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):



	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Total ⁽¹⁾
Operating expenses	$	2,100	$	1,355	$	3,455
Restructuring and related charges	1,433		356		1,789
Total pre-tax restructuring charges	$	3,533	$	1,711	$	5,244

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⁽¹⁾	Total pre-tax restructuring charges include cash charges of $2.8 million and non-cash charges of $2.4 million. Cash charges consist of charges incurred during the quarter that will be settled in cash, either during the current period or future periods.

The following table summarizes the 2017 Restructuring activity during the first quarter of 2018 (in thousands):



	Reserves at December 31, 2017		2018 Charge to Income		Foreign Currency Translation		Utilized in 2018				Reserves at March 31, 2018
	Reserves at December 31, 2017		2018 Charge to Income		Foreign Currency Translation		Cash⁽¹⁾		Non-Cash		Reserves at March 31, 2018
Severance and benefit related costs	$	3,864	$	1,071	$	20	$	2,305	$	—	$	2,650
Lease and contract termination costs	650		678		—		793		—		535
Relocation and other moving costs	—		40		—		40		—		—
Other restructuring costs	675		3,455		—		1,272		2,408		450
Total pre-tax restructuring charges	$	5,189	$	5,244	$	20	$	4,410	$	2,408	$	3,635

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⁽¹⁾	Refers to cash utilized to settle charges during the first quarter of 2018.