Restructuring (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

The following tables summarize all charges related to the 2016 Restructuring recognized in 2016 as presented in their affected line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total ⁽¹⁾
Cost of revenues	$	—	$	278	$	—	$	278
Operating expenses	559		483		5,436		6,478
Restructuring and related charges	2,557		3,803		2,735		9,095
Other expense	249		—		—		249
Total pre-tax charges	$	3,365	$	4,564	$	8,171	$	16,100

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⁽¹⁾	Total pre-tax restructuring charges include cash charges of $15.3 million and non-cash charges of $0.8 million for in 2016. Cash charges consist of charges incurred during the period that will be settled in cash, either during the current period or future periods.

During 2017, the Company recorded pre-tax expenses related to the 2017 Restructuring as follows (in thousands):



	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Total
Severance and benefit related costs	$	4,587	$	2,758	$	7,345
Lease and contract termination costs	4,545		775		5,320
Relocation and other moving costs	26		121		147
Other restructuring costs ⁽¹⁾	8,668		2,263		10,931
Total pre-tax restructuring charges ⁽²⁾	$	17,826	$	5,917	$	23,743

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⁽¹⁾	Includes charges primarily related to exiting non-pipe-related applications for the Tyfo^® system in North America and right-sizing the cathodic protection services operation in Canada, inclusive of wind-down costs, professional fees, patent write offs, fixed asset disposals and certain other restructuring and related charges.


⁽²⁾	Includes $1.3 million of corporate-related restructuring charges that have been allocated to the Infrastructure Solutions and Corrosion Protection reportable segments.

During 2016, the Company recorded pre-tax expense related to the 2016 Restructuring as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Energy Services		Total
Severance and benefit related costs	$	2,249	$	3,588	$	1,559	$	7,396
Lease termination costs	—		154		983		1,137
Relocation and other moving costs	307		62		193		562
Other restructuring costs ⁽¹⁾	808		761		5,436		7,005
Total pre-tax restructuring charges ⁽²⁾	$	3,364	$	4,565	$	8,171	$	16,100

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⁽¹⁾	For Energy Services, includes charges primarily related to downsizing the Company’s upstream operations in California, inclusive of wind-down costs, professional fees, fixed asset disposals and certain other restructuring charges.


⁽²⁾	Includes $1.4 million of corporate-related restructuring charges that have been allocated to the Infrastructure Solutions, Corrosion Protection and Energy Services reportable segments.

Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost

The following tables summarize the 2016 Restructuring activity during 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Reserves at December 31, 2016		2017 Charge to Income		Utilized in 2017				Reserves at December 31, 2017
	Reserves at December 31, 2016		2017 Charge to Income		Cash ⁽¹⁾		Non-Cash		Reserves at December 31, 2017
Severance and benefit related costs	$	645	$	—	$	645	$	—	$	—
Lease termination costs	125		—		125		—		—
Relocation and other moving costs	10		—		10		—		—
Other restructuring costs	120		—		120		—		—
Total pre-tax restructuring charges	$	900	$	—	$	900	$	—	$	—

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⁽¹⁾	Refers to cash utilized to settle charges during 2017.



	2016 Charge to Income		Utilized in 2016				Reserves at December 31, 2016
	2016 Charge to Income		Cash ⁽¹⁾		Non-Cash		Reserves at December 31, 2016
Severance and benefit related costs	$	7,396	$	6,751	$	—	$	645
Lease termination costs	1,137		1,012		—		125
Relocation and other moving costs	562		552		—		10
Other restructuring costs	7,005		6,120		765		120
Total pre-tax restructuring charges	$	16,100	$	14,435	$	765	$	900

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⁽¹⁾	Refers to cash utilized to settle charges during 2016.

The following table summarizes all charges related to the 2017 Restructuring recognized in 2017 as presented in their affected line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):



	Infrastructure Solutions		Corrosion Protection		Total ⁽¹⁾
Cost of revenues	$	30	$	15	$	45
Operating expenses	8,636		2,248		10,884
Restructuring and related charges	9,160		3,654		12,814
Total pre-tax restructuring charges	$	17,826	$	5,917	$	23,743

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⁽¹⁾	Total pre-tax restructuring charges include cash charges of $13.6 million and non-cash charges of $10.1 million. Cash charges consist of charges incurred during the year that will be settled in cash, either during the current period or future periods.

The following table summarizes the 2017 Restructuring activity during 2017 (in thousands):



	2017 Charge to Income		Utilized in 2017				Reserves at December 31, 2017
	2017 Charge to Income		Cash⁽¹⁾		Non-Cash		Reserves at December 31, 2017
Severance and benefit related costs	$	7,345	$	3,481	$	—	$	3,864
Lease and contract termination costs	5,320		2,706		1,964		650
Relocation and other moving costs	147		147		—		—
Other restructuring costs	10,931		2,140		8,116		675
Total pre-tax restructuring charges	$	23,743	$	8,474	$	10,080	$	5,189

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⁽¹⁾	Refers to cash utilized to settle charges during 2017.