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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
1.       Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of the Business

IGI Laboratories, Inc. is a Delaware corporation formed in 1977.  On May 7, 2008, the stockholders of IGI, Inc. approved the name change of the Company from IGI, Inc. to IGI Laboratories, Inc.  The Company’s office, laboratories and manufacturing facilities are located at 105 Lincoln Avenue, Buena, New Jersey.  IGI develops, manufactures, fills and packages topical semi-solid and liquid products for cosmetic, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical customers.  The Company’s products are used for cosmetic, cosmeceutical and prescription applications for the treatment of symptoms of dermatitis, acne, psoriasis and eczema.  The Company is building upon this foundation by filing its own Abbreviated New Drug Applications (“ANDAs”) and continuing to expand into the prescription pharmaceutical arena.  The Company’s strategy is based upon three initiatives:  increasing the current contract services business, developing a portfolio of generic formulations in topical dosage forms and creating unique opportunities around its licensed Novasome® technology.  All of its product development and manufacturing is performed at its 25,000 sq.ft. facility in Buena, NJ.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IGI Laboratories, Inc. and its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of short-term investments, which have original maturities of 90 days or less.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, notes payable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities at December 31, 2011 approximate their fair value for all periods presented.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company extends credit to its customers, based upon credit evaluations, in the normal course of business, primarily with 30-day terms. The Company does not require collateral from its customers. Bad debt provisions are provided for on the allowance method.  When determining the allowances, a number of factors are considered including the length of time the receivable is past due, past loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay and the general condition of the economy.  The allowance requirements are based on the best information available to the Company and are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information is received.  The Company charges off uncollectible receivables to the allowance when the likelihood of collection is remote.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

The Company maintains its cash in accounts with high quality financial institutions. Although we currently believe that the financial institutions with whom we do business will be able to fulfill their commitments to us, there is no assurance that those institutions will be able to continue to do so.

In 2011, the Company had sales to two customers which individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s product sales.  These customers had sales of $2,813,000 and $1,106,000, respectively, and aggregately represented 58% of revenues from product sales.  Accounts receivable related to the Company’s major customers comprised 42% of all accounts receivable as of December 31, 2011.

In 2010, the Company had sales to two customers which individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s product sales. These customers had sales of $2,288,000 and $579,000, respectively, and aggregately represented 55% of revenues from product sales.

The Company received royalty revenue in 2011 and 2010 from one customer, which accounted for approximately 95% of royalty revenue.

The Company operates in the United States with a concentration of our customers located in the Northeastern United States.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method, or market.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is provided for under the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives as follows:

 
Useful Lives
   
Buildings and improvements
10 - 30  years
Machinery and equipment
3 - 10  years

Repair and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred while major improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed, the related cost and accumulated depreciation thereon are removed and any gains or losses are included in operating results.

Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-10-55, the Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. In performing such review for recoverability, the Company compares expected future cash flows of assets to the carrying value of the long-lived assets and related identifiable intangibles. If the expected future cash flows (undiscounted) are less than the carrying amount of such assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying value of the assets and their estimated fair value, with fair values being determined using projected discounted cash flows at the lowest level of cash flows identifiable in relation to the assets being reviewed.  As of December 31, 2011, no impairments existed.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses represent various obligations of the Company including certain operating expenses and taxes payable. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, the largest component of accrued expenses was accrued payroll of $150,000, accrued directors’ fees of $165,000 and accrued consulting fees of $90,000.  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, the largest component of accrued expenses was accrued payroll of $154,000 and accrued legal and audit of $154,000.

License Fee

License fees are amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreement (10 years).

Accounting for Environmental Costs

Accruals for environmental remediation are recorded when it is probable a liability has been incurred and costs are reasonably estimable. The estimated liabilities are recorded at undiscounted amounts. Environmental insurance recoveries are included in the statement of operations in the year in which the issue is resolved through settlement or other appropriate legal process.

Income Taxes

The Company records income taxes in accordance with ASC 740-10, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” under the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to operating loss and tax credit carry forwards and differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded based on a determination of the ultimate realizability of future deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance equal to 100% of the net deferred tax assets has been recognized due to uncertainty regarding the future realization of these assets.

The Company complies with the provisions of ASC 740-10-25 that clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with ASC 740-10, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, and prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Additionally, ASC 740-10 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption.  As such, there are no unrecognized tax benefits included in the balance sheet that would, if recognized, affect the effective tax rate.

Revenue Recognition

The Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when it has persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred or contractual services rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured in conformity with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.

The Company derives its revenues from three basic types of transactions: sales of manufactured product, licensing of technology, and research and product development services performed for third parties. Due to differences in the substance of these transaction types, the transactions require, and the Company utilizes, different revenue recognition policies for each.

Product Sales: The Company recognizes revenue when title transfers to its customers, which is generally upon shipment of products. These shipments are made in accordance with sales commitments and related sales orders entered into with customers either verbally or in written form. The revenues associated with these transactions, net of appropriate cash discounts, product returns and sales reserves, are recorded upon shipment of the products.

Licensing and Royalty Income: Revenues earned under licensing or sublicensing contracts are recognized as earned in accordance with the terms of the agreements.  The Company recognizes royalty revenue based on royalty reports received from the licensee.

Research and Development Income:  The Company establishes agreed upon product development agreements with its customers to perform product development services. Product development revenues are recognized in accordance with the product development agreement upon the completion of the phases of development and when we have no future performance obligations relating to that phase of development. Revenue recognition requires the Company to assess progress against contracted obligations to assure completion of each stage. These payments are generally non-refundable and are reported as deferred until they are recognizable as revenue. If no such arrangement exists, product development fees are recognized ratably over the entire period during which the services are performed.

In making such assessments, judgments are required to evaluate contingencies such as potential variances in schedule and the costs, the impact of change orders, liability claims, contract disputes and achievement of contractual performance standards. Changes in total estimated contract cost and losses, if any, are recognized in the period they are determined. Billings on research and development contracts are typically based upon terms agreed upon by the Company and customer and are stated in the contracts themselves and do not always align with the revenues recognized by the Company.

Stock-Based Compensation

Transactions in which the Company issues stock-based compensation to employees, directors and advisors and for goods or services received from non-employees are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued. The Company utilizes pricing models in determining the fair values of options and warrants issued as stock-based compensation. These pricing models utilize the market price of the Company’s common stock and the exercise price of the option or warrant, as well as time value and volatility factors underlying the positions.  Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the grant.

Debt Issuance Costs

Expenses related to debt financing activities are capitalized and amortized over the term of the loan.  The Company’s expenses incurred related to the credit facility with Amzak Capital Management, LLC are being amortized to interest expense over the five year term of the credit facility on a straight-line basis.

Product Development and Research

The Company's research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Such expenses for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $4,400 and $3,700, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Costs related to shipping and handling is comprised of outbound freight and the associated labor. These costs are recorded in costs of sales.

Net (Loss) per Common Share

Basic net (loss) per share of common stock is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net (loss) per share of common stock is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common stock equivalents include shares issuable upon the exercise of options and warrants and the conversion of preferred stock. Due to the net loss for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the effect of the Company’s potential dilutive common stock equivalents was anti-dilutive for each year; as a result, the basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding and net (loss) per common share are the same. Potentially dilutive common stock equivalents include options and warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock and the conversion of preferred stock, which were excluded from the net (loss) per share calculations due to their anti-dilutive effect amounted to 5,628,135 for 2011 and 5,628,817 for 2010.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include allowances for excess and obsolete inventories, allowances for doubtful accounts, provisions for income taxes and related deferred tax asset valuation allowances, stock based compensation and accruals for environmental cleanup and remediation costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting pronouncements for the year ended December 31, 2011 that have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.