Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Components of income tax expense/(benefit) are as follows (amounts in thousands):

A reconciliation between the federal statutory rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Federal statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		2.4	%		2.3	%		2.3	%
Other items		-0.6	%		-0.6	%		0.0	%
Impact of income attributable to noncontrolling interests		-1.4	%		-2.2	%		-2.4	%
Effective tax rate		35.4	%		34.5	%		34.9	%

The components of deferred taxes are as follows (amounts in thousands):

		Year Ended December 31,
		2016							2015
		Assets				Liabilities			Assets				Liabilities

Self-insurance reserves	$		85,940		$			$		88,401		$
Compensation accruals			83,328							66,399
Doubtful accounts and other reserves			38,017							29,616
Other currently non-deductible accrued liabilities			24,058							17,213
Depreciable and amortizable assets							332,326							400,809
State and foreign net operating loss carryforwards and other state and foreign deferred tax assets			66,639							62,541
Net pension liabilities – OCI only			5,926							10,929
Other combined items – OCI only			815							457
Other liabilities							2,949							2,960
	$		304,723		$		335,275	$		275,556		$		403,769
Valuation Allowance			(56,333	)			0			(52,567	)			0
Total deferred income taxes	$		248,390		$		335,275	$		222,989		$		403,769

The tabular reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (amounts in thousands).

	As of December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Balance at January 1,	$	1,982		$	2,402		$	3,369
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		50			50			50
Additions for tax positions of prior years		74			111			195
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(94	)		(524	)		(1,212	)
Settlements		(753	)		(57	)		—
Balance at December 31,	$	1,259		$	1,982		$	2,402