10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

Or

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 000-10436

L.B. Foster Company

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	25-1324733
(State of Incorporation)	(I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)

415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	15220
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(412) 928-3400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01	FSTR	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of October 23, 2019, there were 10,579,259 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

	Page
PART I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements:
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	31
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	31
PART II. Other Information	32
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A. Risk Factors	32
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 6. Exhibits	33
Signature	34

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,374	$	10,282
Accounts receivable - net (Note 5)	85,039		86,123
Inventories - net (Note 6)	128,741		124,504
Other current assets	6,326		5,763
Total current assets	235,480		226,672
Property, plant, and equipment - net (Note 7)	82,793		86,857
Operating lease right-of-use assets - net (Note 8)	13,234		—
Other assets:
Goodwill (Note 4)	18,930		19,258
Other intangibles - net (Note 4)	44,555		49,836
Other assets	1,295		626
TOTAL ASSETS	$	396,287	$	383,249
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	73,246	$	78,269
Deferred revenue	8,710		6,619
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	12,407		12,993
Accrued warranty (Note 14)	1,222		2,057
Current portion of accrued settlement (Note 14)	8,000		10,000
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 9)	2,978		629
Other accrued liabilities	14,153		13,624
Total current liabilities	120,716		124,191
Long-term debt (Note 9)	70,021		74,353
Deferred tax liabilities (Note 15)	4,668		5,287
Long-term portion of accrued settlement (Note 14)	36,000		40,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities (Note 8)	10,103		—
Other long-term liabilities	16,104		17,299
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01, authorized 20,000,000 shares; shares issued at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 11,115,779; shares outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 10,420,635 and 10,366,007, respectively	111		111
Paid-in capital	49,014		48,040
Retained earnings	131,275		114,324
Treasury stock - at cost, 695,144 and 749,772 common stock shares at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	(16,829)		(18,165)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(24,896)		(22,191)
Total stockholders' equity	138,675		122,119
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	396,287	$	383,249

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales of goods	$	119,256	$	120,272	$	392,566	$	339,176
Sales of services	35,020		46,822		113,112		123,262
Total net sales	154,276		167,094		505,678		462,438
Cost of goods sold	97,663		99,045		322,432		279,478
Cost of services sold	28,921		36,746		89,264		96,402
Total cost of sales	126,584		135,791		411,696		375,880
Gross profit	27,692		31,303		93,982		86,558
Selling and administrative expenses	22,264		21,662		67,036		65,488
Amortization expense	1,655		1,762		5,046		5,322
Interest expense - net	1,079		1,296		4,031		4,813
Other (income) expense - net	(421)		157		(823)		(320)
Total expenses	24,577		24,877		75,290		75,303
Income before income taxes	3,115		6,426		18,692		11,255
Income tax expense	51		18		2,374		1,271
Net income	$	3,064	$	6,408	$	16,318	$	9,984
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.62	$	1.57	$	0.96
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.61	$	1.53	$	0.95

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net income	$	3,064	$	6,408	$	16,318	$	9,984
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,416)		(371)		(1,038)		(3,132)
Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax expense of $0 for all periods	(151)		207		(1,309)		1,243
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, net of tax expense of $0 for all periods*	90		137		275		392
Other comprehensive loss	(1,477)		(27)		(2,072)		(1,497)
Comprehensive income	$	1,587	$	6,381	$	14,246	$	8,487

* Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for pension obligations are charged to selling and administrative expenses.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	16,318	$	9,984
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(541)		(1,477)
Depreciation	8,295		8,685
Amortization	5,046		5,322
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments	(29)		7
(Gain) loss on sales and disposals of property, plant, and equipment	(4)		498
Stock-based compensation	2,910		2,838
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	910		(10,634)
Inventories	(4,957)		(12,960)
Other current assets	480		(1,160)
Prepaid income tax	(4,042)		(3,025)
Other noncurrent assets	(425)		1,132
Accounts payable	(4,193)		19,604
Deferred revenue	2,143		2,278
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	(574)		(778)
Accrued settlement	(6,000)		—
Other current liabilities	(1,041)		2,287
Other long-term liabilities	(1,013)		(176)
Net cash provided by operating activities	13,283		22,425
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment	253		2,267
Capital expenditures on property, plant, and equipment	(5,037)		(3,196)
Proceeds from sale of equity method investment	—		3,875
Repayment of revolving line of credit from equity method investment	—		1,235
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(4,784)		4,181
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of debt	(156,944)		(153,089)
Proceeds from debt	154,961		99,592
Debt issuance costs	(836)		—
Treasury stock acquisitions	(600)		(316)
Net cash used in financing activities	(3,419)		(53,813)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	12		(885)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	5,092		(28,092)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	10,282		37,678
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	15,374	$	9,586
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	3,599	$	4,468
Income taxes paid	$	6,176	$	4,077

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	111	$	48,159	$	128,211	$	(16,841)	$	(23,419)	$	136,221
Net income	—		—		3,064		—		—		3,064
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	—		—		—		—		90		90
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(1,416)		(1,416)
Unrealized derivative loss on cash flow hedges	—		—		—		—		(151)		(151)
Issuance of 543 common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	—		(21)		—		12		—		(9)
Stock-based compensation	—		876		—		—		—		876
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	111	$	49,014	$	131,275	$	(16,829)	$	(24,896)	$	138,675

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	111	$	46,129	$	149,068	$	(18,180)	$	(19,237)	$	157,891
Net income	—		—		6,408		—		—		6,408
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	—		—		—		—		137		137
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(371)		(371)
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges	—		—		—		—		207		207
Issuance of 662 common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	—		(21)		—		15		—		(6)
Stock-based compensation	—		934		—		—		—		934
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	111	$	47,042	$	155,476	$	(18,165)	$	(19,264)	$	165,200

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	111	$	48,040	$	114,324	$	(18,165)	$	(22,191)	$	122,119
Adjustment to adopt ASU 2018-02	—		—		633		—		(633)		—
Net income	—		—		16,318		—		—		16,318
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	—		—		—		—		275		275
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(1,038)		(1,038)
Unrealized derivative loss on cash flow hedges	—		—		—		—		(1,309)		(1,309)
Issuance of 54,628 common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	—		(1,936)		—		1,336		—		(600)
Stock-based compensation	—		2,910		—		—		—		2,910
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	111	$	49,014	$	131,275	$	(16,829)	$	(24,896)	$	138,675

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	111	$	45,017	$	145,797	$	(18,662)	$	(17,767)	$	154,496
Adjustment to adopt ASU 2016-16	—		—		(305)		—		—		(305)
Net income	—		—		9,984		—		—		9,984
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	—		—		—		—		392		392
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(3,132)		(3,132)
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges	—		—		—		—		1,243		1,243
Issuance of 25,431 common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	—		(813)		—		497		—		(316)
Stock-based compensation	—		2,838		—		—		—		2,838
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	111	$	47,042	$	155,476	$	(18,165)	$	(19,264)	$	165,200

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Note 1. Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals, unless otherwise stated herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the L.B. Foster Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software” (“ASU 2018-15”). The ASU requires capitalization of certain implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that qualifies as a service contract. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to trade receivables, other receivables, and most debt instruments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses, and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. This guidance is required to be adopted by the Company beginning in fiscal year 2020. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance resulted in most leases being capitalized as a right-of-use asset with a related balance sheet liability. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Additionally, the Company has elected to apply the practical expedients for leases that commenced prior to the effective date, not to apply the recognition requirements in the standard to short-term leases, and not to separate non-lease components from lease components. The Company has presented the disclosures required by ASU 2016-02 in Note 8.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income; Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2018-02”), which allows companies to reclassify stranded tax effects caused by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 during the first quarter of 2019 and has chosen to record the reclassification as of the beginning of the period of adoption. As a result of adopting this standard, we reclassified stranded tax effects of $633 from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” to “Retained earnings.”

The SEC Disclosure Update and Simplification release announces the SEC's adoption of certain amendments in August 2018. While most of the amendments eliminate outdated or duplicative disclosure requirements, the final rule amends the interim financial

9

statement requirements to require a reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity in the notes to the financial statements or as a separate statement. This analysis should reconcile the beginning balance to the ending balance of each caption in stockholders’ equity for each period for which an income statement is required to be filed and comply with the remaining content requirements of Rule 3-04 of Regulation S-X. As a result, registrants are required to provide the reconciliation for both the comparable quarterly and year-to-date periods in their Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q but only for the year-to-date periods in registration statements, beginning in the first quarter of 2019. The Company has included the reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity as a separate statement.

Note 2. Business Segments

The Company is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is organized and operates in three different operating segments: the Rail Products and Services segment, the Construction Products segment, and the Tubular and Energy Services segment. The segments represent components of the Company (a) that engage in activities from which revenue is generated and expenses are incurred; (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), who makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. Operating segments are evaluated on their segment profit contribution to the Company's consolidated results. Other income and expenses, interest, income taxes, and certain other items are managed on a consolidated basis. The Company's segment accounting policies are the same as those described in Note 2. Business Segments of the Notes to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements contained in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2018.

The following table illustrates the Company's revenues and profit from operations by segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019				Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	67,741	$	3,417	$	84,517	$	5,299
Construction Products	47,175		1,848		41,534		1,603
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		2,230		41,043		4,274
Total	$	154,276	$	7,495	$	167,094	$	11,176
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	244,836	$	14,815	$	238,571	$	12,655
Construction Products	139,926		6,095		112,641		4,478
Tubular and Energy Services	120,916		11,937		111,226		10,704
Total	$	505,678	$	32,847	$	462,438	$	27,837

Segment profit from operations, as shown above, includes allocated corporate operating expenses. Operating expenses related to corporate headquarter functions that directly support the segment activity are allocated based on segment headcount, revenue contribution, or activity of the business units within the segments, based on the corporate activity type provided to the segment. The expense allocation excludes certain corporate costs that are separately managed from the segments.

The following table provides a reconciliation of segment net profit from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Profit for reportable segments	$	7,495	$	11,176	$	32,847	$	27,837
Interest expense - net	(1,079)		(1,296)		(4,031)		(4,813)
Other income (expense) - net	421		(157)		823		320
Unallocated corporate expenses and other unallocated charges	(3,722)		(3,297)		(10,947)		(12,089)
Income before income taxes	$	3,115	$	6,426	$	18,692	$	11,255

10

The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Rail Products and Services	$	181,694	$	175,704
Construction Products	99,997		97,133
Tubular and Energy Services	86,531		90,402
Unallocated corporate assets	28,065		20,010
Total	$	396,287	$	383,249

Note 3. Revenue

Revenue from products or services provided to customers over time accounted for 33.4% and 26.8% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 28.1% and 25.2% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract. Revenue recognized over time using an input measure was $37,488 and $33,225 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $104,309 and $87,369 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A certain portion of the Company’s revenue recognized over time under these long-term agreements is recognized using an output method, specifically units delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements. Revenue recognized over time using an output measure was $14,031 and $11,510 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $37,553 and $29,064 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had contract assets of $34,792 and $26,692, respectively, that were recorded in “Inventories - net” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had contract liabilities of $3,343 and $1,505, respectively, that were recorded in “Deferred revenue” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is from products transferred and services rendered to customers at a point in time. Point in time revenue accounted for 66.6% and 73.2% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 71.9% and 74.8% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when the product title passes to the customer upon shipment or the service has been rendered to the customer. In limited cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at a physical location.

The following table summarizes the Company's net sales by major product and service category:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Rail Products	$	39,224	$	49,234	$	153,420	$	139,600
Rail Technologies	28,517		35,283		91,416		98,971
Rail Products and Services	67,741		84,517		244,836		238,571
Piling and Fabricated Bridge	28,703		26,798		90,023		71,505
Precast Concrete Products	18,472		14,736		49,903		41,136
Construction Products	47,175		41,534		139,926		112,641
Test, Inspection, and Threading Services	12,249		15,296		40,777		44,517
Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems	27,111		25,747		80,139		66,709
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		41,043		120,916		111,226
Total net sales	$	154,276	$	167,094	$	505,678	$	462,438

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Net sales by the timing of the transfer of products and services was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	46,712	$	29,375	$	26,670	$	102,757
Over time	21,029		17,800		12,690		51,519
Total net sales	$	67,741	$	47,175	$	39,360	$	154,276
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	61,426	$	27,459	$	33,474	$	122,359
Over time	23,091		14,075		7,569		44,735
Total net sales	$	84,517	$	41,534	$	41,043	$	167,094

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	183,905	$	90,565	$	89,346	$	363,816
Over time	60,931		49,361		31,570		141,862
Total net sales	$	244,836	$	139,926	$	120,916	$	505,678
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	176,592	$	74,581	$	94,832	$	346,005
Over time	61,979		38,060		16,394		116,433
Total net sales	$	238,571	$	112,641	$	111,226	$	462,438

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets, included in “Inventories - net”), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities, included in “Deferred revenue”) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Significant changes in contract assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted from transfers to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period of $22,320. Significant changes in contract liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted from increases of $3,100 due to billings in excess of costs, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period. Contract liabilities were reduced due to revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $194 and $406, respectively, and reduced due to revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $1,460 and $1,146, respectively, that were included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $194,083 of remaining performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 7.7% of the September 30, 2019 backlog was related to projects that are anticipated to extend beyond September 30, 2020.

Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	14,111	$	5,147	$	—	$	19,258
Foreign currency translation impact	(328)		—		—		(328)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	13,783	$	5,147	$	—	$	18,930

The Company performs goodwill impairment tests annually during the fourth quarter, and also performs interim goodwill impairment tests if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. Qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying

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amount. No interim goodwill impairment test was required in connection with the evaluation of qualitative factors as of September 30, 2019.

The components of the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	4	$	1,227	$	(1,140)	$	87
Patents	10	369		(181)		188
Customer relationships	18	36,807		(13,021)		23,786
Trademarks and trade names	16	7,732		(3,382)		4,350
Technology	14	35,551		(19,407)		16,144
		$	81,686	$	(37,131)	$	44,555
	December 31, 2018
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	4	$	1,372	$	(1,046)	$	326
Patents	10	358		(165)		193
Customer relationships	18	37,129		(11,388)		25,741
Trademarks and trade names	15	8,481		(3,416)		5,065
Technology	14	35,640		(17,129)		18,511
		$	82,980	$	(33,144)	$	49,836

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives, which range from 4 to 25 years, with a total weighted average amortization period of approximately 15 years as of September 30, 2019. Amortization expense was $1,655 and $1,762 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $5,046 and $5,322 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, gross intangible assets and accumulated amortization were reduced as a result of the full amortization of certain intangible assets related to non-compete agreements of $124 and trademarks and trade names of $723.

As of September 30, 2019, estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2019 and thereafter was as follows:

	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2019	$	1,525
2020	5,815
2021	5,781
2022	5,698
2023	5,211
2024 and thereafter	20,525
	$	44,555

Note 5. Accounts Receivable

Credit is extended based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices. The amounts of trade accounts receivable as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 have been reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,152 and $932, respectively. Changes in reserves for uncollectable accounts, which are recorded as part of “Selling and administrative expenses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, resulted in income of $96 and $267 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and expense of $8 and income of $986 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Note 6. Inventory

Inventories as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized in the following table:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Finished goods	$	69,563	$	69,041
Contract assets	34,792		26,692
Work-in-process	3,427		6,940
Raw materials	20,959		21,831
Inventories - net	$	128,741	$	124,504

Inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

Note 7. Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Land	$	12,370	$	12,440
Improvements to land and leaseholds	17,280		17,610
Buildings	35,914		34,608
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under finance leases	123,139		120,914
Construction in progress	1,333		3,083
Gross property, plant, and equipment	190,036		188,655
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of finance leases	(107,243)		(101,798)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	82,793	$	86,857

Depreciation expense was $2,755 and $2,803 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8,295 and $8,685 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We review our property, plant, and equipment for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. There were no impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Note 8. Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective approach, which resulted in an increase in assets of $13,585 and an increase in current and long-term liabilities of $3,322 and $10,263, respectively. This adoption did not affect our results of operations, cash flows, or our compliance with the covenants of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015, and as amended by the Second Amendment dated November 7, 2016, or the covenants of the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 30, 2019.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating leases are included in “Operating lease right-of-use assets,” “Other current liabilities,” and “Long-term operating lease liabilities” within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases are included in “Property, plant, and equipment - net,” “Current maturities of long-term debt,” and “Long-term debt” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes indirect costs incurred and lease payments made prior to the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease and will be recognized when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components that we account for as a single lease component. Also, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities.

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Finance lease and lessor accounting recognition has remained substantially unchanged under ASU 2016-02. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had no impact on the Company's balance sheet, results of operations, or cash flows for finance leases.

The Company has operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, sales offices, vehicles, and certain equipment. As of September 30, 2019, our leases had remaining lease terms of 1 to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 6 years and a weighted average discount rate of 5.0%. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s finance leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 2 years and a weighted average discount rate of 4.3%.

The balance sheet components of the Company's leases were as follows as of September 30, 2019:

	September 30, 2019
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,234
Other current liabilities	$	3,131
Long-term operating lease liabilities	10,103
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,234
Finance leases
Property, plant, and equipment	$	3,448
Accumulated amortization	(2,828)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	620
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	478
Long-term debt	142
Total finance lease liabilities	$	620

The components of lease expense within the Company's statements of operations were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of finance leases	$	182	$	539
Interest on lease liabilities	16		37
Operating lease cost	992		2,822
Sublease income	—		(18)
Total lease cost	$	1,190	$	3,380

The cash flow components of the Company's leases were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,287)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(539)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,459

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As of September 30, 2019, estimated annual maturities of lease liabilities remaining for the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remaining 2019	$	1,072	$	179
2020	3,438		424
2021	2,434		105
2022	2,148		52
2023	1,671		—
2024 and thereafter	5,054		—
Total undiscounted lease payments	15,817		760
Interest	(2,583)		(140)
Total	$	13,234	$	620

Note 9. Long-term Debt and Related Matters

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Revolving credit facility	$	48,004	$	74,008
Term loan	24,375		—
Finance leases and financing agreements	620		974
Total	72,999		74,982
Less current maturities	(2,978)		(629)
Long-term portion	$	70,021	$	74,353

On April 30, 2019, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian and European subsidiaries (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Amended Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, N.A. This Amended Credit Agreement modifies the prior revolving credit facility, which had a maximum credit line of $195,000 and extends the maturity date from March 13, 2020 to April 30, 2024. The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, revolving credit facility that permits aggregate borrowings of the Borrowers up to $140,000 with a sublimit of the equivalent of $25,000 U.S. dollars that is available to the Canadian and United Kingdom borrowers in the aggregate. The Amended Credit Agreement’s incremental loan feature permits the Company to increase the available revolving borrowings under the facility by up to an additional $50,000 and provides for additional term loan borrowings of up to $25,000 subject to the Company’s receipt of increased commitments from existing or new lenders and the satisfaction of certain conditions.

The Company’s and the domestic, Canadian, and United Kingdom guarantors’ (the “Guarantors”) obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by the grant of a security interest by the Borrowers and Guarantors in substantially all of the personal property owned by such entities. Additionally, the equity interests in each of the loan parties, other than the Company, and the equity interests held by each loan party in their domestic subsidiaries, have been pledged to the lenders as collateral for the lending obligations.

Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at rates based upon either the base rate or Euro-rate plus applicable margins. Applicable margins are dictated by the ratio of the Company’s total net indebtedness to the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for four trailing quarters, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement. The base rate is the highest of (a) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate plus 50 basis points, (b) the Prime Rate, or (c) the Daily Euro-rate plus 100 basis points (each as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The base rate and Euro-rate spreads range from 25 to 125 basis points and 125 to 225 basis points, respectively.

The Amended Credit Agreement includes three financial covenants: (a) Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio, defined as the Company’s consolidated Indebtedness divided by the Company’s consolidated EBITDA, which must not exceed (i) 3.25 to 1.00 for all testing periods other than during an Acquisition Period, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, and (ii) 3.50 to 1.00 for all testing periods occurring during an Acquisition Period; (b) Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, defined as the Company's consolidated EBITDA divided by the Company's Fixed Charges, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, which must be less than 1.25 to 1.00; and (c) Minimum Working Capital to Revolving Facility Usage Ratio, defined as the sum of the inventory and accounts receivable of the Borrowers and certain other Guarantors divided by the Revolving Facility Usage, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, which must be less than 1.40 to 1.00.

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The Amended Credit Agreement permits the Company to pay dividends and make distributions and redemptions with respect to its stock provided no event of default or potential default (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) has occurred prior to or after giving effect to the dividend, distribution, or redemption. Additionally, the Amended Credit Agreement permits the Company to complete acquisitions so long as (a) no event of default or potential default has occurred prior to or as a result of such acquisition; (b) the liquidity of the Borrowers is not less than $25,000 prior to giving effect to such acquisition; and (c) the aggregate consideration for the acquisition does not exceed: (i) $50,000 per acquisition; (ii) $50,000 in the aggregate for multiple acquisitions entered into during four consecutive quarters; and (iii) $100,000 in the aggregate over the term of the Amended Credit Agreement.

Other restrictions exist at all times including, but not limited to, limitations on the Company’s sale of assets and the incurrence by either the Borrowers or the non-borrower subsidiaries of the Company of other indebtedness, guarantees, and liens.

As of September 30, 2019, L.B. Foster was in compliance with the covenants in the Amended Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $836 and had net available borrowing capacity of $91,160. The maturity date of the facility is April 30, 2024.

On April 29, 2019, the credit facility with NatWest Bank for the Company's United Kingdom operations was terminated.

Note 10. Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair values are based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in valuation techniques and the inputs to valuations. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Cash equivalents - Included within “Cash and cash equivalents” are investments in non-domestic term deposits. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

LIBOR-based interest rate swaps - To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is based on market-observable forward interest rates and represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to terminate the agreements. As such, the swap agreements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2019, the interest rate swaps were recorded within “Other accrued liabilities.”

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
	September 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		675		—		675		—
Total assets	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	691	$	16	$	675	$	—
Interest rate swaps	$	657	$	—	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	657	$	—	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The interest rate swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges and the objective of the hedges is to offset the expected interest variability on payments associated with the interest rate of our debt. The gains and losses related to the interest rate swaps are reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and included in “Interest expense - net” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as the interest expense from our debt is recognized. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized interest income of $21 and $18, respectively, and for the nine

17

months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized interest income of $142 and interest expense of $16, respectively, from interest rate swaps.

In accordance with the provisions of the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” the Company measures certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities at fair value, which are recognized or disclosed on a nonrecurring basis.

Note 11. Earnings Per Common Share

(Share amounts in thousands)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income	$	3,064	$	6,408	$	16,318	$	9,984
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	10,420		10,365		10,406		10,361
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	10,420		10,365		10,406		10,361
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock compensation plans	254		124		225		120
Dilutive potential common shares	254		124		225		120
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding	10,674		10,489		10,631		10,481
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.62	$	1.57	$	0.96
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.61	$	1.53	$	0.95

Note 12. Stock-based Compensation

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service periods. The Company recorded stock compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and performance share units of $876 and $934 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $2,910 and $2,838 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, unrecognized compensation expense for unvested awards approximated $5,063. The Company will recognize this expense over the upcoming 3.5 years through April 2023.

Shares issued as a result of vested stock-based compensation awards generally will be from previously issued shares that have been reacquired by the Company and held as treasury stock or authorized and previously unissued common stock.

Restricted Stock Awards and Performance Share Units

Under the 2006 Omnibus Plan, the Company grants eligible employees restricted stock and performance share units. The forfeitable restricted stock awards granted generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying restricted stock agreement. Since May 2018, awards of restricted stock are subject to a minimum one-year vesting period, including those granted to non-employee directors. Prior to May 2018, awards to non-employee directors were made in fully-vested shares. Performance share units are offered annually under separate three-year long-term incentive programs. Performance share units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock of the Company based upon the Company’s performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples, as defined in the underlying program. If the Company’s estimate of the number of performance share units expected to vest changes in a subsequent accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease. The change will be recognized in the current period for the vested shares and would change future expense over the remaining vesting period.

Since May 1, 2017, non-employee directors have been permitted to defer receipt of annual stock awards and equity elected to be received in lieu of quarterly cash compensation. If so elected, these deferred stock units will be issued as common stock six months after separation from their service on the Board of Directors. Since May 2018, there have been no non-employee directors who elected the option to receive deferred stock units of the Company’s common stock in lieu of director cash compensation.

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In February 2019, the Compensation Committee approved the 2019 Performance Share Unit Program and the Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (consisting of cash and equity components). The Compensation Committee also certified the actual Company performance achievement in the 2016 Performance Share Unit Program, which actual performance resulted in no payout relative to the 2016 Performance Share Unit Program target performance metrics.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock awards, deferred stock units, and performance share units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Restricted Stock	Deferred Stock Units	Performance Share Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	191,825	41,774	300,373	$	18.61
Granted	62,125	12,304	89,092	18.63
Vested	(87,782)	—	—	19.51
Adjustment for incentive awards not expected to vest	—	—	(15,015)	19.26
Cancelled and forfeited	(6,500)	—	—	20.11
Outstanding as of September 30, 2019	159,668	54,078	374,450	$	18.58

Note 13. Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans

The Company has three retirement plans that cover its hourly and salaried employees in the United States: one defined benefit plan, which is frozen, and two defined contribution plans. Employees are eligible to participate in the appropriate plan based on employment classification. The Company’s contributions to the defined benefit and defined contribution plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the Company’s policy and investment guidelines applicable to each respective plan. The Company’s policy is to contribute at least the minimum in accordance with the funding standards of ERISA.

The Company maintains two defined contribution plans for its employees in Canada, as well as one post-retirement benefit plan. The Company also maintains two defined contribution plans and one defined benefit plan for its employees in the United Kingdom.

United States Defined Benefit Plan

Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest cost	$	162	$	155	$	486	$	466
Expected return on plan assets	(180)		(213)		(540)		(640)
Recognized net actuarial loss	31		24		94		72
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$	13	$	(34)	$	40	$	(102)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company contributed approximately $550 to its United States defined benefit pension plan and expects no additional contributions during the remainder of 2019.

United Kingdom Defined Benefit Plan

Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest cost	$	53	$	51	$	159	$	153
Expected return on plan assets	(60)		(70)		(180)		(210)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	10		5		30		15
Recognized net actuarial loss	52		48		156		144
Net periodic pension cost	$	55	$	34	$	165	$	102

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United Kingdom regulations require trustees to adopt a prudent approach to funding required contributions to defined benefit pension plans. The Company anticipates contributions of approximately $241 to the United Kingdom pension plan during 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company contributed approximately $187 to the plan.

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors six defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across our domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
United States	$	656	$	766	$	1,887	$	2,080
Canada	29		23		102		91
United Kingdom	103		114		328		328
	$	788	$	903	$	2,317	$	2,499

Note 14. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Product Liability Claims

The Company is subject to product warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. For certain manufactured products, the Company maintains a product warranty accrual, which is adjusted on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales. In addition, the product warranty accrual is adjusted periodically based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims.

The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

	Warranty Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	2,057
Additions to warranty liability	515
Warranty liability utilized	(1,350)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	1,222

Union Pacific Railroad (“UPRR”) Concrete Tie Matter

On March 13, 2019, the Company and its subsidiary, CXT Incorporated (“CXT”) entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with UPRR to resolve the pending litigation in the matter of Union Pacific Railroad Company v. L.B. Foster Company and CXT Incorporated, Case No. CI 15-564, in the District Court for Douglas County, Nebraska.

Under the Settlement Agreement, the Company and CXT will pay UPRR the aggregate amount of $50,000 without pre-judgment interest, which began with a $2,000 immediate payment, and with the remaining $48,000 paid in installments over a six-year period commencing on the effective date of the Settlement Agreement through December 2024 pursuant to a Promissory Note. Additionally, commencing in January 2019 and through December 2024, UPRR agreed to purchase from the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, a cumulative total amount of $48,000 of products and services, targeting $8,000 of annual purchases per year beginning March 13, 2019 per letters of intent under the Settlement Agreement. The Settlement Agreement also includes a mutual release of all claims and liability regarding or relating to all CXT pre-stressed concrete railroad ties with no admission of liability and dismissal of the litigation with prejudice.

The expected payments under the UPRR Settlement Agreement for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
Remainder of 2019	$	4,000
2020	8,000
2021	8,000
2022	8,000
2023	8,000
2024	8,000
Total	$	44,000

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Environmental and Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to national, state, foreign, provincial, and/or local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company’s efforts to comply with environmental regulations may have an adverse effect on its future earnings.

On June 5, 2017, a General Notice Letter was received from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) indicating that the Company may be a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site cleanup along with numerous other companies. More than 140 other companies received such a notice. The Company and a predecessor owned and operated a facility near the harbor site for a period prior to 1982. By letter dated March 16, 2018, the EPA informed the Company of the proposed schedule for consent decree negotiations to implement the Portland Harbor Superfund Site Record of Decision, with negotiations scheduled to commence by the end of 2019, and the EPA also set a proposed deadline of June 2019 to conclude negotiations with PRPs for the performance of remedial design work in the harbor. The net present value and undiscounted costs of the selected remedy throughout the harbor site are estimated by the EPA to be approximately $1.1 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, and the remedial work is expected to take as long as 13 years to complete. The Company is reviewing the basis for its identification by the EPA and the nature of the historic operations of a Company predecessor near the site. Additionally, the Company executed a PRP agreement which provides for a private allocation process among almost 100 PRPs in a working group whose work is ongoing. We cannot predict the ultimate impact of these proceedings because of the large number of PRPs involved throughout the harbor site, the degree of contamination of various wastes, varying environmental impacts throughout the harbor site, the scarcity of data related to the facility once operated by the Company and a predecessor, and the speculative nature of the remediation costs. Based upon information currently available, management does not believe that the Company’s alleged PRP status regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site or other compliance with the present environmental protection laws will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, competitive position, or capital expenditures of the Company.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company maintained environmental reserves approximating $6,058 and $6,128, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

	Environmental liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	6,128
Additions to environmental obligations	3
Environmental obligations utilized	(73)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	6,058

The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Legal actions are subject to inherent uncertainties, and future events could change management's assessment of the probability or estimated amount of potential losses from pending or threatened legal actions. Based on available information, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of pending or threatened legal actions, both individually and in the aggregate, will not result in losses having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or liquidity as of September 30, 2019.

If management believes that, based on available information, it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss (or additional material loss in excess of any accrual) will be incurred in connection with any legal actions, the Company discloses an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, either individually or in the aggregate, as appropriate, if such an estimate can be made, or discloses that an estimate cannot be made. Based on the Company's assessment as of September 30, 2019, no such disclosures were considered necessary.

Note 15. Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $51 and $18 on pre-tax income of $3,115 and $6,426, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 1.6% and 0.3%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $2,374 and $1,271 on pre-tax income of $18,692 and $11,255, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 12.7% and 11.3%, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the realization of a portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets previously offset by a valuation allowance. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets, which is likely to result in significant variability of the effective tax rate in the current year. Changes in pre-tax income projections and the mix of income across jurisdictions could also impact the effective income tax rate.

Note 16. Subsequent Events

On October 29, 2019, the Company announced to certain union and non-union employees at our CXT Concrete Buildings facility, located in Spokane, Washington, the intent to relocate the pre-fabricated concrete buildings manufacturing operation to Boise, Idaho. This move is part of an initiative focusing on regional growth opportunities and logistical savings associated with fabricating product in a more centralized location closer to the Company’s existing and prospective customer base. The Company expects to cease pre-fabricated building operations in Spokane, Washington, and commence operations in Boise, Idaho, in the first quarter of 2020.

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As a result of this relocation, the Company expects to incur certain exit and disposal charges consisting of severance, relocation, and employee retention expense, as well as site clean-up and facility restoration expense, totaling approximately $1,000 to $1,500 in its Construction Products operating segment. The approximate expense resulting from this relocation could change materially as a result of certain factors such as employee acceptances of the severance packages offered and unknown or unforeseen costs as part of winding up operations at the Spokane, Washington fabrication facility.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Many of the forward-looking statements are located in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”). Forward-looking statements provide management's current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Sentences containing words such as “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” or their negatives, or other similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature generally should be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on management's current expectations and assumptions about future events that involve inherent risks and uncertainties and may concern, among other things, L.B. Foster Company’s (the “Company’s”) expectations relating to our strategy, goals, projections, and plans regarding our financial position, liquidity, capital resources, and results of operations; decisions regarding our strategic growth initiatives, market position, and product development. While the Company considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, and other risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company cautions readers that various factors could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Among the factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are risks and uncertainties related to: a resumption of the economic slowdown we experienced in previous years in the markets we serve; a decrease in freight or passenger rail traffic; environmental matters, including any costs associated with any remediation and monitoring; the risk of doing business in international markets; our ability to effectuate our strategy, including cost reduction initiatives, and our ability to effectively integrate acquired businesses and realize anticipated benefits; costs of and impacts associated with shareholder activism; the timeliness and availability of materials from our major suppliers as well as the impact on our access to supplies of customer preferences as to the origin of such supplies, such as customers' concerns about conflict minerals; labor disputes; cyber-security risks such as data security breaches, malware, “hacking,” and identity theft, a failure of which could disrupt our business and may result in misuse or misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information, and could result in the disruption or damage to our systems, increased costs and losses or an adverse effect to our reputation; the continuing effective implementation of an enterprise resource planning system; changes in current accounting estimates and their ultimate outcomes; the adequacy of internal and external sources of funds to meet financing needs, including our ability to negotiate any additional necessary amendments to our credit agreement or the terms of any new credit agreement, and reforms regarding the use of LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing applicable interest rates; the Company’s ability to manage its working capital requirements and indebtedness; domestic and international taxes, including estimates that may impact these amounts; foreign currency fluctuations; inflation; domestic and foreign government regulations, including tariffs; economic conditions and regulatory changes caused by the United Kingdom’s pending exit from the European Union, including the possibility of a “no-deal Brexit;” sustained declines in energy prices; a lack of state or federal funding for new infrastructure projects; an increase in manufacturing or material costs; the loss of future revenues from current customers; and risks inherent in litigation and the outcome of litigation and product warranty claims. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual outcomes could vary materially from those indicated. Significant risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, and results of the Company’s business and forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, or as updated and amended by Item 1A “Risk Factors,” in Part II of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by the federal securities laws.

General Overview

L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is comprised of three operating segments: Rail Products and Services, Construction Products, and Tubular and Energy Services.

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Results of the Quarter

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)		Percent of Total Net Sales Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018
Net Sales:
Rail Products and Services	$	67,741	$	84,517	(19.8)	%	43.9	%	50.6	%
Construction Products	47,175		41,534		13.6		30.6		24.9
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		41,043		(4.1)		25.5		24.5
Total net sales	$	154,276	$	167,094	(7.7)	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)		Gross Profit Percentage Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018
Gross Profit:
Rail Products and Services	$	14,480	$	16,416	(11.8)	%	21.4	%	19.4	%
Construction Products	6,097		5,770		5.7		12.9		13.9
Tubular and Energy Services	7,115		9,117		(22.0)		18.1		22.2
Total gross profit	$	27,692	$	31,303	(11.5)	%	17.9	%	18.7	%
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)		Percent of Total Net Sales Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018
Expenses:
Selling and administrative expenses	$	22,264	$	21,662	2.8	%	14.4	%	13.0	%
Amortization expense	1,655		1,762		(6.1)		1.1		1.1
Interest expense - net	1,079		1,296		(16.7)		0.7		0.8
Other (income) expense - net	(421)		157		**		(0.3)		0.1
Total expenses	$	24,577	$	24,877	(1.2)	%	15.9	%	14.9	%
Income before income taxes	$	3,115	$	6,426	(51.5)	%	2.0	%	3.8	%
Income tax expense	51		18		183.3		0.0		0.0
Net income	$	3,064	$	6,408	(52.2)	%	2.0	%	3.8	%

** Results of the calculation are not considered meaningful for presentation purposes.

Third Quarter 2019 Compared to Third Quarter 2018 – Company Analysis

Net sales of $154,276 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $12,818, or 7.7%, compared to the prior year quarter. The decline was attributable to reductions within our Rail Products and Services segment of 19.8% and our Tubular and Energy Services segment of 4.1%. These declines were partially offset by Construction Products sales increasing by 13.6%.

Gross profit decreased by $3,611 compared to the prior year quarter to $27,692 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 17.9%, or 80 basis points (“bps”), lower than the prior year quarter. The decrease in gross profit margin was primarily due to reductions of 410 bps and 100 bps within Tubular and Energy Services and Construction Products, respectively. The decreases were partially offset by an increase in gross profit margin of 200 bps within Rail Products and Services.

Selling and administrative expenses increased by $602, or 2.8%, compared to the prior year quarter. The rise in expense was primarily driven by increases in third-party services and personnel-related expenses of $771, rental expense of $180, and bad debt expense of $171 when compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was partially offset by decreases in legal expenses of $597 related to the Union Pacific Railroad concrete tie litigation. As a percent of sales, selling and administrative expenses increased 140 bps compared to the prior year quarter.

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 1.6%, compared to 0.3% in the prior year quarter. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a tax provision of $51, compared to $18 in the

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three months ended September 30, 2018. The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the realization of a portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets previously offset by a valuation allowance.

Net income for the third quarter of 2019 was $3,064, or $0.29 per diluted share, compared to $6,408, or $0.61 per diluted share, in the prior year quarter.

Results of Operations – Segment Analysis

Rail Products and Services

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase/(Decrease)			Percent Increase/(Decrease)
	2019			2018			2019 vs. 2018			2019 vs. 2018
Net sales	$	67,741		$	84,517		$	(16,776)		(19.8)	%
Gross profit	$	14,480		$	16,416		$	(1,936)		(11.8)	%
Gross profit percentage	21.4		%	19.4		%	2.0		%	10.1	%
Segment profit	$	3,417		$	5,299		$	(1,882)		(35.5)	%
Segment profit percentage	5.0		%	6.3		%	(1.3)		%	(19.5)	%

Third Quarter 2019 Compared to Third Quarter 2018

The Rail Products and Services segment sales decreased by $16,776, or 19.8%, compared to the prior year quarter. The sales decline was driven by volume in our Rail Products business resulting in a decrease of $10,010, primarily from our new rail and concrete tie products due to the timing of transit projects. Partially offsetting the decline within Rail Products were sales increases in our insulated joint offerings. Also contributing to the segment sales decline was a reduction of $6,766 in our Rail Technologies business, primarily attributable to reduced service activity levels from the London Crossrail project as it nears completion.

The Rail Products and Services gross profit decreased by $1,936, or 11.8%, from the prior year quarter. The decrease was primarily driven by the volume decline in our Rail Products business, which had lower new rail shipments, and our Rail Technologies business, which had a reduction in services provided for the London Crossrail project. Segment gross profit margin grew by 200 bps as a result of the increased product mix contribution from our higher margin manufactured and service-based offerings. Segment profit was $3,417, a $1,882 decline over the prior year quarter. Selling, general, and administrative expenses incurred by the segment were flat to the prior year quarter.

During the current quarter, the Rail Products and Services segment had a decrease in new orders of 3.0% compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily related to activity within our global transit projects and concrete tie products.

Construction Products

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase/(Decrease)			Percent Increase/(Decrease)
	2019			2018			2019 vs. 2018			2019 vs. 2018
Net sales	$	47,175		$	41,534		$	5,641		13.6	%
Gross profit	$	6,097		$	5,770		$	327		5.7	%
Gross profit percentage	12.9		%	13.9		%	(1.0)		%	(7.0)	%
Segment profit	$	1,848		$	1,603		$	245		15.3	%
Segment profit percentage	3.9		%	3.9		%	—		%	1.5	%

Third Quarter 2019 Compared to Third Quarter 2018

The Construction Products segment sales increased by $5,641, or 13.6%, compared to the prior year quarter. The growth was attributable to volume increases in both Precast Concrete Products and Piling and Fabricated Bridge, resulting in sales increases of $3,736 and $1,905, respectively. Our Precast Concrete Products business unit was favorably impacted by concrete building sales and installations as well as increased demand in septic tank and reinforced earth panel offerings. Piling continued product fulfillment during the current quarter, attributable to the Port Everglades project, while Fabricated Bridge experienced increased volume within its steel decking and railing product lines.

The Construction Products gross profit increased by $327, or 5.7%, over the prior year quarter. The increase was primarily attributable to the sales volume growth and manufacturing efficiencies within our Precast Concrete Products division and volume and favorable product mix within Fabricated Bridge. The increase was partially offset by a reduction in Piling gross profit. Segment profit increased

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by $245 over the prior year quarter to 3.9% of net sales. Selling and administrative expenses incurred by the segment were flat over the prior year quarter; however, the expenses were reduced by 110 bps as a percentage of segment sales compared to the prior year quarter.

During the quarter, the Construction Products segment had a decrease in new orders of 38.7% compared to the prior year quarter, which was primarily related to the Port Everglades project that was booked in the prior year quarter within Piling and, to a lesser extent, Precast Concrete Products division.

Tubular and Energy Services

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Decrease			Percent Decrease
	2019			2018			2019 vs. 2018			2019 vs. 2018
Net sales	$	39,360		$	41,043		$	(1,683)		(4.1)	%
Gross profit	$	7,115		$	9,117		$	(2,002)		(22.0)	%
Gross profit percentage	18.1		%	22.2		%	(4.1)		%	(18.6)	%
Segment profit	$	2,230		$	4,274		$	(2,044)		(47.8)	%
Segment profit percentage	5.7		%	10.4		%	(4.7)		%	(45.6)	%

Third Quarter 2019 Compared to Third Quarter 2018

Tubular and Energy Services segment sales decreased by $1,683, or 4.1%, compared to the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to weakened conditions in the served upstream market that reduced drilling activity in the U.S. and negatively impacted demand for our testing and inspection services. The decline was partially offset by increases within our midstream products and services.

Tubular and Energy Services segment gross profit decreased by $2,002, or 22.0%, which was primarily attributable to the reduced volumes within our Test, Inspection, and Threading Services business unit. Segment gross profit margin decreased by 410 bps over the prior year quarter, which was primarily driven by reduced volume within the Test, Inspection, and Threading Services business. Segment profit decreased by $2,044, or 47.8%, over the prior year quarter.

The Tubular and Energy Services segment had a decrease of 24.0% in new orders compared to the prior year quarter. Our Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems business unit new orders were negatively impacted during the current quarter due to delays in anticipated projects. The Test, Inspection, and Threading Services business decline was driven by reduced demand from unfavorable conditions in the upstream market we serve.

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Nine Month Results

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)		Percent of Total Net Sales Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018
Net Sales:
Rail Products and Services	$	244,836	$	238,571	2.6	%	48.4	%	51.6	%
Construction Products	139,926		112,641		24.2		27.7		24.4
Tubular and Energy Services	120,916		111,226		8.7		23.9		24.0
Total net sales	$	505,678	$	462,438	9.4	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)		Gross Profit Percentage Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018
Gross Profit:
Rail Products and Services	$	47,647	$	44,733	6.5	%	19.5	%	18.8	%
Construction Products	19,564		16,844		16.1		14.0		15.0
Tubular and Energy Services	26,771		24,981		7.2		22.1		22.5
Total gross profit	$	93,982	$	86,558	8.6	%	18.6	%	18.7	%
	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)		Percent of Total Net Sales Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019 vs. 2018		2019		2018
Expenses:
Selling and administrative expenses	$	67,036	$	65,488	2.4	%	13.3	%	14.2	%
Amortization expense	5,046		5,322		(5.2)		1.0		1.2
Interest expense - net	4,031		4,813		(16.2)		0.8		1.0
Other income - net	(823)		(320)		157.2		(0.2)		(0.1)
Total expenses	$	75,290	$	75,303	(0.0)	%	14.9	%	16.3	%
Income before income taxes	$	18,692	$	11,255	66.1	%	3.7	%	2.4	%
Income tax expense	2,374		1,271		86.8		0.5		0.3
Net income	$	16,318	$	9,984	63.4	%	3.2	%	2.2	%

First Nine Months 2019 Compared to First Nine Months 2018 – Company Analysis

Net sales of $505,678 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased by $43,240, or 9.4%, compared to the prior year period. The change was attributable to increases within each of our three segments. Construction Products sales increased by 24.2%, Tubular and Energy Services sales increased by 8.7%, and Rail Products and Services sales increased by 2.6%.

Gross profit increased by $7,424 compared to the prior year period to $93,982 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 18.6%, or 10 bps lower than the prior year period. The decline in gross profit margin was primarily due to decreases of 100 bps and 40 bps within Construction Products and Tubular and Energy Services, respectively. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in gross profit margin of 70 bps within the Construction Products segment.

Selling and administrative expenses increased by $1,548 or 2.4% from the prior year. The escalation was primarily driven by increases in third-party services of $2,060, personnel-related expenses of $1,933, and bad debt of $994 when compared to the prior year period. The increase was partially offset by a reduction in legal expenses related to the Union Pacific Railroad concrete tie litigation of $4,165. As a percent of sales, selling and administrative expenses declined by 90 bps compared to the prior year period.

Interest expense, net of interest income, decreased by $782, or 16.2%, as a result of the reduction in outstanding debt compared to the prior year period.

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The Company’s effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 12.7%, compared to 11.3% in the prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a tax provision of $2,374, compared to $1,271 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the realization of a portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets previously offset by a valuation allowance.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $16,318, or $1.53 per diluted share, compared to $9,984, or $0.95 per diluted share, in the prior year period.

Results of Operations – Segment Analysis

Rail Products and Services

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase			Percent Increase
	2019			2018			2019 vs. 2018			2019 vs. 2018
Net sales	$	244,836		$	238,571		$	6,265		2.6	%
Gross profit	$	47,647		$	44,733		$	2,914		6.5	%
Gross profit percentage	19.5		%	18.8		%	0.7		%	3.8	%
Segment profit	$	14,815		$	12,655		$	2,160		17.1	%
Segment profit percentage	6.1		%	5.3		%	0.8		%	14.1	%

First Nine Months 2019 Compared to First Nine Months 2018

The Rail Products and Services segment sales increased by $6,265, or 2.6%, compared to the prior year period. The sales growth was driven by our Rail Products business unit which increased by $13,820. The Rail Products growth was primarily attributable to domestic transit projects and, to a lesser extent, new rail and insulated joint products. Partially offsetting the increase was a decline in sales within the European transit market as we approach the completion of the London Crossrail project.

The Rail Products and Services gross profit increased by $2,914, or 6.5%, over the prior year period. The increase was driven by volume growth in Rail Products. Segment gross profit margin increased by 70 bps as a result of the increased contribution from higher margin product mix within Rail Products. Segment profit was $14,815, a $2,160 increase compared to the prior year period. Selling and administrative expenses incurred by the segment increased by $685 over the prior year period.

During the current year, the Rail Products and Services segment had a decrease in new orders of 13.6% compared to the prior year period. Backlog was $88,051 as of September 30, 2019, a decrease of 19.1%, compared to $108,840 as of September 30, 2018. The decreases were primarily related to activity within our new rail distribution products, concrete ties, and activity levels on the London Crossrail project.

Construction Products

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase/(Decrease)			Percent Increase/(Decrease)
	2019			2018			2019 vs. 2018			2019 vs. 2018
Net sales	$	139,926		$	112,641		$	27,285		24.2	%
Gross profit	$	19,564		$	16,844		$	2,720		16.1	%
Gross profit percentage	14.0		%	15.0		%	(1.0)		%	(6.5)	%
Segment profit	$	6,095		$	4,478		$	1,617		36.1	%
Segment profit percentage	4.4		%	4.0		%	0.4		%	9.6	%

First Nine Months 2019 Compared to First Nine Months 2018

The Construction Products segment sales increased by $27,285, or 24.2%, compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to growth within each of the businesses within the segment. Piling sales volume increased considerably during the current year as the Port Everglades order was fulfilled, while Fabricated Bridge experienced increased sales volume within its steel decking and railing product lines which resulted in an increase of $18,518. Our Precast Concrete Products business unit was favorably impacted by concrete building sales, most significantly in our southern U.S. region.

The Construction Products gross profit increased by $2,720, or 16.1%, over the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to the sales volume growth in both business units within the segment. Segment profit increased by $1,617 over the prior year period to 4.4% of net sales. Selling and administrative expenses incurred by the segment increased by $1,113 over the prior year period; however, the expenses as a percentage of segment sales were reduced by 130 bps compared to the prior year period.

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During the first nine months of 2019, the Construction Products segment had a decrease in new orders of 17.4% compared to the prior year period, which was primarily related to the Port Everglades project recorded in the 2018 period. The decline in new orders was partially offset by a 7.5% increase in orders in Precast Concrete Products. The decrease in new orders resulted in segment backlog of $86,626 as of September 30, 2019, a 26.4% decrease from the prior year period.

Tubular and Energy Services

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase/(Decrease)			Percent Increase/(Decrease)
	2019			2018			2019 vs. 2018			2019 vs. 2018
Net Sales	$	120,916		$	111,226		$	9,690		8.7	%
Gross profit	$	26,771		$	24,981		$	1,790		7.2	%
Gross profit percentage	22.1		%	22.5		%	(0.4)		%	(1.4)	%
Segment profit	$	11,937		$	10,704		$	1,233		11.5	%
Segment profit percentage	9.9		%	9.6		%	0.3		%	2.6	%

First Nine Months 2019 Compared to First Nine Months 2018

Tubular and Energy Services segment sales increased by $9,690, or 8.7%, compared to the prior year period. The increase was due to significant growth from Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems when compared to the prior year period. This was additionally supported by strong orders within the midstream market during the current year.

Tubular and Energy Services segment gross profit increased $1,790, or 7.2%, which was supported by the sales growth in Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems. Segment gross profit margin declined by 40 bps over the prior year period, which was primarily driven by volume in the 2019 period within the Test, Inspection, and Threading Services business. Segment profit increased by $1,233, or 11.5%, over the prior year period. Selling and administrative expense increased by $1,425 during the first nine months of 2019 when compared to the prior year period, which was driven by increased personnel-related and bad debt expenses.

The Tubular and Energy Services segment had an increase of 4.5% in new orders compared to the prior year period. Orders for Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems increased by 16.5%, which was partially offset by a reduction in Test, Inspection, and Threading Services of 12.3%. The segment had a backlog as of September 30, 2019 of $19,406, a 22.8% decrease when compared to the prior year.

Other

Segment Backlog

Total Company backlog is summarized by business segment in the following table for the periods indicated:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
Rail Products and Services	$	88,051	$	97,447	$	108,840
Construction Products	86,626		95,419		117,654
Tubular and Energy Services	19,406		27,552		25,123
Total backlog	$	194,083	$	220,418	$	251,617

While a considerable portion of our business is backlog-driven, certain product lines within the Rail Products and Services and Tubular and Energy Services segments are not driven by backlog.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Total debt was $72,999 and $74,982 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and was primarily comprised of borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our need for liquidity relates primarily to working capital requirements for operations, capital expenditures, and debt service obligations.

29

The change in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

	September 30,
	2019		2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	13,283	$	22,425
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(4,784)		4,181
Net cash used in financing activities	(3,419)		(53,813)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	12		(885)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	5,092	$	(28,092)

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cash flows provided by operating activities were $13,283, compared to operations providing $22,425 during the prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, income and adjustments to income from operating activities provided $31,995, compared to $25,857 in the 2018 period. Working capital and other assets and liabilities used $18,712 in the current period, compared to $3,432 in the prior year period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company made payments totaling $6,000 under the terms of the concrete tie settlement agreement with Union Pacific Railroad.

The Company’s calculation for days sales outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was 50 days, and we believe our receivables portfolio is strong.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $5,037 and $3,196, respectively. The current year expenditures relate to plant expansion and automation integration programs within our Tubular and Energy Services segment, as well as general plant and operational improvements throughout the Company. Expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to expenditures for general plant and operational improvements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company received $253 in proceeds from the sale of certain property, plant, and equipment, as compared to $2,267 in the prior year period. The Company received $3,875 and $1,235 in proceeds from the sale of an equity investment and repayment of a line of a credit, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $1,983, primarily related to the reduction of working capital for operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $53,497, primarily related to payments against the revolving credit facility, which was facilitated by the repatriation of $31,517 in excess cash from our international locations. The Company paid $836 in debt issuance costs in connection with the April 30, 2019 credit facility amendment during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Treasury stock acquisitions represent income tax withholdings from employees in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards.

Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2019, we had $15,374 in cash and cash equivalents and a domestic credit facility with $91,160 of net availability, while we had $72,999 in total debt. We believe this liquidity will provide the flexibility to operate the business in a prudent manner and enable us to continue to service our revolving credit facility.

Our cash management priority continues to be short-term maturities and the preservation of our principal balances. As of September 30, 2019, approximately $11,290 of our cash and cash equivalents was held in non-domestic bank accounts.

To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The swaps became effective on February 28, 2017, at which point they effectively converted a portion of the debt from variable to fixed-rate borrowings during the term of the swap contract. As of September 30, 2019, the swap liability was $657 compared to an asset of $675 as of December 31, 2018.

On April 30, 2019, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian and European subsidiaries (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Amended Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, N.A. This Amended Credit Agreement modifies the prior revolving credit facility, which had a maximum credit line of $195,000, and extends the maturity date from March 13, 2020 to April 30, 2024. The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, revolving credit facility that permits aggregate borrowings of the Borrowers up to $140,000 with a sublimit of the equivalent of $25,000 U.S. dollars that is available to the Canadian and United Kingdom borrowers in the aggregate. The Amended Credit Agreement’s incremental loan feature permits the Company to increase the available revolving borrowings under the facility by up to an additional $50,000 and provides for additional term loan

30

borrowings of up to $25,000 subject to the Company’s receipt of increased commitments from existing or new lenders and the satisfaction of certain conditions.

For a discussion of the terms and availability of the Company's credit facilities, please refer to Note 9 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. When more than one accounting principle, or method of its application, is generally accepted, management selects the principle or method that, in its opinion, is appropriate in the Company’s specific circumstances. Application of these accounting principles requires management to reach opinions regarding estimates about the future resolution of existing uncertainties. As a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. In preparing these financial statements, management has reached its opinions regarding the best estimates and judgments of the amounts and disclosures included in the financial statements giving due regard to materiality. We have updated our lease policies since December 31, 2018, in conjunction with our adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”), as further described in Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. A summary of the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates is included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements include purchase obligations and standby letters of credit. A schedule of the Company’s required payments under financial instruments and other commitments as of December 31, 2018 is included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources -Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the provisions under ASC 842. As a result of the adoption, operating leases that were previously off-balance sheet arrangements are now recognized as right-of-use assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no other material changes to these off-balance sheet arrangements during the current quarter. These arrangements provide the Company with increased flexibility relative to the utilization and investment of cash resources.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

This item is not applicable to a smaller reporting company.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

L.B. Foster Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2019. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, or person performing such functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the standards of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”). The adoption of ASC 842 required the Company to implement changes to our processes related to operating lease recognition and the control activities within them. This included the development of new policies and procedures, ongoing lease review and evaluation processes, and implementation of processes to obtain information responsive to the new disclosure requirements. There were no other changes to our “internal control over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

31

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

This item is not applicable to a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company’s purchases of equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:

	Total number of shares purchased (1)	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	—
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019	—	—		—	—
September 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019	388	21.90		—	—
Total	388	$	21.90	—	$	—

(1) Shares withheld by the Company to pay taxes upon vesting of restricted stock awards.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

This item is not applicable to the Company.

32

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index below.

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 30, 2019, between Registrant and PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, N.A. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 0-10436, filed on May 2, 2019.
*31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.0	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101.INS	XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
*101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
*104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Exhibits marked with an asterisk are filed herewith.

33

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		L.B. FOSTER COMPANY
		(Registrant)
Date:	October 30, 2019	By: /s/ James P. Maloney
		James P. Maloney
		Senior Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Duly Authorized Officer of Registrant)

34

EX-31.1

Certification under Section 302 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Robert P. Bauer, certify that:

1 I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of L.B. Foster Company;

2 Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4 The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5 The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 30, 2019	/s/ Robert P. Bauer
		Name: Robert P. Bauer
		Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Certification under Section 302 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, James P. Maloney, certify that:

1 I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of L.B. Foster Company;

2 Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4 The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5 The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 30, 2019	/s/ James P. Maloney
		Name: James P. Maloney
		Title: Senior Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.0

CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned certify pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	October 30, 2019	/s/ Robert P. Bauer
		Name: Robert P. Bauer
		Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	October 30, 2019	/s/ James P. Maloney
		Name: James P. Maloney
		Title: Senior Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event - Restructuring relocation - CXT concrete building facility relocation $ in Millions	Oct. 29, 2019 USD ($)
Minimum
Subsequent Event
Restructuring costs	$ 1.0
Maximum
Subsequent Event
Restructuring costs	$ 1.5

XML

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Schedule of Product Warranty Liability) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual
Beginning balance	$ 2,057
Additions to warranty liability	515
Warranty liability utilized	(1,350)
Ending balance	$ 1,222

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment
Gross property, plant, and equipment	$ 190,036,000		$ 190,036,000		$ 188,655,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of finance leases	(107,243,000)		(107,243,000)		(101,798,000)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	82,793,000		82,793,000		86,857,000
Depreciation	2,755,000	$ 2,803,000	8,295,000	$ 8,685,000
Asset impairment			0	$ 0
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment
Gross property, plant, and equipment	12,370,000		12,370,000		12,440,000
Improvements to land and leaseholds
Property, Plant and Equipment
Gross property, plant, and equipment	17,280,000		17,280,000		17,610,000
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment
Gross property, plant, and equipment	35,914,000		35,914,000		34,608,000
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under finance leases
Property, Plant and Equipment
Gross property, plant, and equipment	123,139,000		123,139,000		120,914,000
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment
Gross property, plant, and equipment	$ 1,333,000		$ 1,333,000		$ 3,083,000

XML

Leases - Cash Flow Components (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ (3,287)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(539)
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability	$ 2,459

XML

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity

The following table summarizes the restricted stock awards, deferred stock units, and performance share units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Restricted Stock	Deferred Stock Units	Performance Share Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	191,825	41,774	300,373	$	18.61
Granted	62,125	12,304	89,092	18.63
Vested	(87,782)	—	—	19.51
Adjustment for incentive awards not expected to vest	—	—	(15,015)	19.26
Cancelled and forfeited	(6,500)	—	—	20.11
Outstanding as of September 30, 2019	159,668	54,078	374,450	$	18.58

XML

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Locations

The balance sheet components of the Company's leases were as follows as of September 30, 2019:

	September 30, 2019
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,234
Other current liabilities	$	3,131
Long-term operating lease liabilities	10,103
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,234
Finance leases
Property, plant, and equipment	$	3,448
Accumulated amortization	(2,828)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	620
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	478
Long-term debt	142
Total finance lease liabilities	$	620

Components of Lease Cost

The components of lease expense within the Company's statements of operations were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of finance leases	$	182	$	539
Interest on lease liabilities	16		37
Operating lease cost	992		2,822
Sublease income	—		(18)
Total lease cost	$	1,190	$	3,380

The cash flow components of the Company's leases were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,287)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(539)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,459

Estimated Annual Maturities, Operating

As of September 30, 2019, estimated annual maturities of lease liabilities remaining for the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remaining 2019	$	1,072	$	179
2020	3,438		424
2021	2,434		105
2022	2,148		52
2023	1,671		—
2024 and thereafter	5,054		—
Total undiscounted lease payments	15,817		760
Interest	(2,583)		(140)
Total	$	13,234	$	620

Estimated Annual Maturities, Finance

As of September 30, 2019, estimated annual maturities of lease liabilities remaining for the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remaining 2019	$	1,072	$	179
2020	3,438		424
2021	2,434		105
2022	2,148		52
2023	1,671		—
2024 and thereafter	5,054		—
Total undiscounted lease payments	15,817		760
Interest	(2,583)		(140)
Total	$	13,234	$	620

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair values are based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in valuation techniques and the inputs to valuations. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Cash equivalents - Included within “Cash and cash equivalents” are investments in non-domestic term deposits. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

LIBOR-based interest rate swaps - To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is based on market-observable forward interest rates and represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to terminate the agreements. As such, the swap agreements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2019, the interest rate swaps were recorded within “Other accrued liabilities.”

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
	September 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		675		—		675		—
Total assets	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	691	$	16	$	675	$	—
Interest rate swaps	$	657	$	—	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	657	$	—	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The interest rate swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges and the objective of the hedges is to offset the expected interest variability on payments associated with the interest rate of our debt. The gains and losses related to the interest rate swaps are reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and included in “Interest expense - net” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as the interest expense from our debt is recognized. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized interest income of $21 and $18, respectively, and for the nine

months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized interest income of $142 and interest expense of $16, respectively, from interest rate swaps.

In accordance with the provisions of the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” the Company measures certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities at fair value, which are recognized or disclosed on a nonrecurring basis.

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Business Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Business Segments

The Company is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is organized and operates in three different operating segments: the Rail Products and Services segment, the Construction Products segment, and the Tubular and Energy Services segment. The segments represent components of the Company (a) that engage in activities from which revenue is generated and expenses are incurred; (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), who makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. Operating segments are evaluated on their segment profit contribution to the Company's consolidated results. Other income and expenses, interest, income taxes, and certain other items are managed on a consolidated basis. The Company's segment accounting policies are the same as those described in Note 2. Business Segments of the Notes to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements contained in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2018.

The following table illustrates the Company's revenues and profit from operations by segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019				Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	67,741	$	3,417	$	84,517	$	5,299
Construction Products	47,175		1,848		41,534		1,603
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		2,230		41,043		4,274
Total	$	154,276	$	7,495	$	167,094	$	11,176
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	244,836	$	14,815	$	238,571	$	12,655
Construction Products	139,926		6,095		112,641		4,478
Tubular and Energy Services	120,916		11,937		111,226		10,704
Total	$	505,678	$	32,847	$	462,438	$	27,837

Segment profit from operations, as shown above, includes allocated corporate operating expenses. Operating expenses related to corporate headquarter functions that directly support the segment activity are allocated based on segment headcount, revenue contribution, or activity of the business units within the segments, based on the corporate activity type provided to the segment. The expense allocation excludes certain corporate costs that are separately managed from the segments.

The following table provides a reconciliation of segment net profit from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Profit for reportable segments	$	7,495	$	11,176	$	32,847	$	27,837
Interest expense - net	(1,079)		(1,296)		(4,031)		(4,813)
Other income (expense) - net	421		(157)		823		320
Unallocated corporate expenses and other unallocated charges	(3,722)		(3,297)		(10,947)		(12,089)
Income before income taxes	$	3,115	$	6,426	$	18,692	$	11,255

The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Rail Products and Services	$	181,694	$	175,704
Construction Products	99,997		97,133
Tubular and Energy Services	86,531		90,402
Unallocated corporate assets	28,065		20,010
Total	$	396,287	$	383,249

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

Inventory

Inventories as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized in the following table:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Finished goods	$	69,563	$	69,041
Contract assets	34,792		26,692
Work-in-process	3,427		6,940
Raw materials	20,959		21,831
Inventories - net	$	128,741	$	124,504

Inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income		$ 3,064	$ 6,408	$ 16,318	$ 9,984
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(1,416)	(371)	(1,038)	(3,132)
Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax expense of $0 for all periods		(151)	207	(1,309)	1,243
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, net of tax expense of $0 for all periods	[1]	90	137	275	392
Other comprehensive loss		(1,477)	(27)	(2,072)	(1,497)
Comprehensive income		$ 1,587	$ 6,381	$ 14,246	$ 8,487

[1] Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for pension obligations are charged to selling and administrative expenses.

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Product Liability Claims

The Company is subject to product warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. For certain manufactured products, the Company maintains a product warranty accrual, which is adjusted on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales. In addition, the product warranty accrual is adjusted periodically based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims.

The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

	Warranty Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	2,057
Additions to warranty liability	515
Warranty liability utilized	(1,350)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	1,222

Union Pacific Railroad (“UPRR”) Concrete Tie Matter

On March 13, 2019, the Company and its subsidiary, CXT Incorporated (“CXT”) entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with UPRR to resolve the pending litigation in the matter of Union Pacific Railroad Company v. L.B. Foster Company and CXT Incorporated, Case No. CI 15-564, in the District Court for Douglas County, Nebraska.

Under the Settlement Agreement, the Company and CXT will pay UPRR the aggregate amount of $50,000 without pre-judgment interest, which began with a $2,000 immediate payment, and with the remaining $48,000 paid in installments over a six-year period commencing on the effective date of the Settlement Agreement through December 2024 pursuant to a Promissory Note. Additionally, commencing in January 2019 and through December 2024, UPRR agreed to purchase from the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, a cumulative total amount of $48,000 of products and services, targeting $8,000 of annual purchases per year beginning March 13, 2019 per letters of intent under the Settlement Agreement. The Settlement Agreement also includes a mutual release of all claims and liability regarding or relating to all CXT pre-stressed concrete railroad ties with no admission of liability and dismissal of the litigation with prejudice.

The expected payments under the UPRR Settlement Agreement for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
Remainder of 2019	$	4,000
2020	8,000
2021	8,000
2022	8,000
2023	8,000
2024	8,000
Total	$	44,000

Environmental and Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to national, state, foreign, provincial, and/or local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company’s efforts to comply with environmental regulations may have an adverse effect on its future earnings.

On June 5, 2017, a General Notice Letter was received from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) indicating that the Company may be a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site cleanup along with numerous other companies. More than 140 other companies received such a notice. The Company and a predecessor owned and operated a facility near the harbor site for a period prior to 1982. By letter dated March 16, 2018, the EPA informed the Company of the proposed schedule for consent decree negotiations to implement the Portland Harbor Superfund Site Record of Decision, with negotiations scheduled to commence by the end of 2019, and the EPA also set a proposed deadline of June 2019 to conclude negotiations with PRPs for the performance of remedial design work in the harbor. The net present value and undiscounted costs of the selected remedy throughout the harbor site are estimated by the EPA to be approximately $1.1 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, and the remedial work is expected to take as long as 13 years to complete. The Company is reviewing the basis for its identification by the EPA and the nature of the historic operations of a Company predecessor near the site. Additionally, the Company executed a PRP agreement which provides for a private allocation process among almost 100 PRPs in a working group whose work is ongoing. We cannot predict the ultimate impact of these proceedings because of the large number of PRPs involved throughout the harbor site, the degree of contamination of various wastes, varying environmental impacts throughout the harbor site, the scarcity of data related to the facility once operated by the Company and a predecessor, and the speculative nature of the remediation costs. Based upon information currently available, management does not believe that the Company’s alleged PRP status regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site or other compliance with the present environmental protection laws will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, competitive position, or capital expenditures of the Company.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company maintained environmental reserves approximating $6,058 and $6,128, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

	Environmental liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	6,128
Additions to environmental obligations	3
Environmental obligations utilized	(73)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	6,058

The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Legal actions are subject to inherent uncertainties, and future events could change management's assessment of the probability or estimated amount of potential losses from pending or threatened legal actions. Based on available information, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of pending or threatened legal actions, both individually and in the aggregate, will not result in losses having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or liquidity as of September 30, 2019.

If management believes that, based on available information, it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss (or additional material loss in excess of any accrual) will be incurred in connection with any legal actions, the Company discloses an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, either individually or in the aggregate, as appropriate, if such an estimate can be made, or discloses that an estimate cannot be made. Based on the Company's assessment as of September 30, 2019, no such disclosures were considered necessary.

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Oct. 23, 2019
Cover page.
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Commission File Number	000-10436
Entity Registrant Name	FOSTER L B CO
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	PA
Entity Tax Identification Number	25-1324733
Entity Address, Street Name	415 Holiday Drive
Entity Address, Suite	Suite 100
Entity Address, City	Pittsburgh
Entity Address, State	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	15220
City Area Code	412
Local Phone Number	928-3400
Title of each class	Common stock, par value $0.01
Trading Symbol	FSTR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,579,259
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0000352825
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

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Business Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated

The following table illustrates the Company's revenues and profit from operations by segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019				Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	67,741	$	3,417	$	84,517	$	5,299
Construction Products	47,175		1,848		41,534		1,603
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		2,230		41,043		4,274
Total	$	154,276	$	7,495	$	167,094	$	11,176
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	244,836	$	14,815	$	238,571	$	12,655
Construction Products	139,926		6,095		112,641		4,478
Tubular and Energy Services	120,916		11,937		111,226		10,704
Total	$	505,678	$	32,847	$	462,438	$	27,837

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated

The following table provides a reconciliation of segment net profit from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Profit for reportable segments	$	7,495	$	11,176	$	32,847	$	27,837
Interest expense - net	(1,079)		(1,296)		(4,031)		(4,813)
Other income (expense) - net	421		(157)		823		320
Unallocated corporate expenses and other unallocated charges	(3,722)		(3,297)		(10,947)		(12,089)
Income before income taxes	$	3,115	$	6,426	$	18,692	$	11,255

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Rail Products and Services	$	181,694	$	175,704
Construction Products	99,997		97,133
Tubular and Energy Services	86,531		90,402
Unallocated corporate assets	28,065		20,010
Total	$	396,287	$	383,249

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity (Parentheticals) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Shares issued (shares)	543	662	54,628	25,431

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 13, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) company	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 05, 2017 company
Product Liability Contingency
Litigation settlement amount		$ 44,000
Number of companies that received a general notice letter (company) | company				140
Present value of remedial work		1,100,000
Undiscovered remedial work		$ 1,700,000
Anticipated clean period (years)		13 years
Number of potentially responsible parties included in agreement (company) | company		100
Accrual for environmental loss		$ 6,058	$ 6,128
Uprr
Product Liability Contingency
Annual commitment amount		8,000
Uprr
Product Liability Contingency
Litigation settlement amount	$ 50,000
Litigation settlement amount, current		2,000
Litigation settlement amount, non-current		$ 48,000
Payment period (years)		6 years

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Fair Value Measurements (Narrative) (Details) - Swap - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Derivative, notional amount	$ 50,000,000		$ 50,000,000
Interest income	$ 21,000	$ 18,000	$ 142,000
Interest expense				$ 16,000

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Stock-Based Compensation (Restricted Stock and Performance Share Units) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted average share price, beginning balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.61
Weighted average shares granted (usd per share) | $ / shares	18.63
Weighted average shares vested (usd per share) | $ / shares	19.51
Weighted average shares adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (usd per share) | $ / shares	19.26
Weighted average shares canceled and forfeited (usd per share) | $ / shares	20.11
Weighted average share price, ending balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.58
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance (shares)	191,825
Granted (shares)	62,125
Vested (shares)	(87,782)
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (shares)	0
Canceled and forfeited (shares)	(6,500)
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (shares)	159,668
Deferred Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance (shares)	41,774
Granted (shares)	12,304
Canceled and forfeited (shares)	0
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (shares)	54,078
Performance Share Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance (shares)	300,373
Granted (shares)	89,092
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (shares)	(15,015)
Canceled and forfeited (shares)	0
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (shares)	374,450

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Revenue (Timing of Transfer) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	$ 154,276	$ 167,094	$ 505,678	$ 462,438
Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	102,757	122,359	363,816	346,005
Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	51,519	44,735	141,862	116,433
Rail Products and Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	67,741	84,517	244,836	238,571
Rail Products and Services | Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	46,712	61,426	183,905	176,592
Rail Products and Services | Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	21,029	23,091	60,931	61,979
Construction Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	47,175	41,534	139,926	112,641
Construction Products | Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	29,375	27,459	90,565	74,581
Construction Products | Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	17,800	14,075	49,361	38,060
Tubular and Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	39,360	41,043	120,916	111,226
Tubular and Energy Services | Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	26,670	33,474	89,346	94,832
Tubular and Energy Services | Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	$ 12,690	$ 7,569	$ 31,570	$ 16,394

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Business Segments (Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Profit for reportable segments	$ 7,495	$ 11,176	$ 32,847	$ 27,837
Interest expense - net	(1,079)	(1,296)	(4,031)	(4,813)
Other income (expense) - net	421	(157)	823	320
Unallocated corporate expenses and other unallocated charges	(3,722)	(3,297)	(10,947)	(12,089)
Income before income taxes	$ 3,115	$ 6,426	$ 18,692	$ 11,255

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 154,496	$ 111	$ 45,017	$ 145,797	$ (18,662)	$ (17,767)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	9,984			9,984
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	392					392
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(3,132)					(3,132)
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges	1,243					1,243
Issuance of common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	(316)		(813)		497
Stock-based compensation	2,838		2,838
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2018	165,200	111	47,042	155,476	(18,165)	(19,264)
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2018	157,891	111	46,129	149,068	(18,180)	(19,237)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	6,408			6,408
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	137					137
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(371)					(371)
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges	207					207
Issuance of common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	(6)		(21)		15
Stock-based compensation	934		934
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2018	165,200	111	47,042	155,476	(18,165)	(19,264)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	122,119	111	48,040	114,324	(18,165)	(22,191)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	16,318			16,318
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	275					275
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,038)					(1,038)
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges	(1,309)					(1,309)
Issuance of common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	(600)		(1,936)		1,336
Stock-based compensation	2,910		2,910
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019	138,675	111	49,014	131,275	(16,829)	(24,896)
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2019	136,221	111	48,159	128,211	(16,841)	(23,419)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income	3,064			3,064
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Pension liability adjustment	90					90
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,416)					(1,416)
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges	(151)					(151)
Issuance of common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes	(9)		(21)		12
Stock-based compensation	876		876
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 138,675	$ 111	$ 49,014	$ 131,275	$ (16,829)	$ (24,896)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Total net sales	$ 154,276	$ 167,094	$ 505,678	$ 462,438
Total cost of sales	126,584	135,791	411,696	375,880
Gross profit	27,692	31,303	93,982	86,558
Selling and administrative expenses	22,264	21,662	67,036	65,488
Amortization expense	1,655	1,762	5,046	5,322
Interest expense - net	1,079	1,296	4,031	4,813
Other (income) expense - net	(421)	157	(823)	(320)
Total expenses	24,577	24,877	75,290	75,303
Income before income taxes	3,115	6,426	18,692	11,255
Income tax expense	51	18	2,374	1,271
Net income	$ 3,064	$ 6,408	$ 16,318	$ 9,984
Basic earnings per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.62	$ 1.57	$ 0.96
Diluted earnings per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.61	$ 1.53	$ 0.95
Product
Total net sales	$ 119,256	$ 120,272	$ 392,566	$ 339,176
Total cost of sales	97,663	99,045	322,432	279,478
Service
Total net sales	35,020	46,822	113,112	123,262
Total cost of sales	$ 28,921	$ 36,746	$ 89,264	$ 96,402

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Retirement Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Employee-related Liabilities [Abstract]

Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans

The Company has three retirement plans that cover its hourly and salaried employees in the United States: one defined benefit plan, which is frozen, and two defined contribution plans. Employees are eligible to participate in the appropriate plan based on employment classification. The Company’s contributions to the defined benefit and defined contribution plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the Company’s policy and investment guidelines applicable to each respective plan. The Company’s policy is to contribute at least the minimum in accordance with the funding standards of ERISA.

The Company maintains two defined contribution plans for its employees in Canada, as well as one post-retirement benefit plan. The Company also maintains two defined contribution plans and one defined benefit plan for its employees in the United Kingdom.

United States Defined Benefit Plan

Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest cost	$	162	$	155	$	486	$	466
Expected return on plan assets	(180)		(213)		(540)		(640)
Recognized net actuarial loss	31		24		94		72
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$	13	$	(34)	$	40	$	(102)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company contributed approximately $550 to its United States defined benefit pension plan and expects no additional contributions during the remainder of 2019.

United Kingdom Defined Benefit Plan

Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest cost	$	53	$	51	$	159	$	153
Expected return on plan assets	(60)		(70)		(180)		(210)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	10		5		30		15
Recognized net actuarial loss	52		48		156		144
Net periodic pension cost	$	55	$	34	$	165	$	102

United Kingdom regulations require trustees to adopt a prudent approach to funding required contributions to defined benefit pension plans. The Company anticipates contributions of approximately $241 to the United Kingdom pension plan during 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company contributed approximately $187 to the plan.

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors six defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across our domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
United States	$	656	$	766	$	1,887	$	2,080
Canada	29		23		102		91
United Kingdom	103		114		328		328
	$	788	$	903	$	2,317	$	2,499

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Financial Statements (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals, unless otherwise stated herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the L.B. Foster Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Recently issued accounting standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software” (“ASU 2018-15”). The ASU requires capitalization of certain implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that qualifies as a service contract. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to trade receivables, other receivables, and most debt instruments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses, and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. This guidance is required to be adopted by the Company beginning in fiscal year 2020. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance resulted in most leases being capitalized as a right-of-use asset with a related balance sheet liability. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Additionally, the Company has elected to apply the practical expedients for leases that commenced prior to the effective date, not to apply the recognition requirements in the standard to short-term leases, and not to separate non-lease components from lease components. The Company has presented the disclosures required by ASU 2016-02 in Note 8.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income; Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2018-02”), which allows companies to reclassify stranded tax effects caused by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 during the first quarter of 2019 and has chosen to record the reclassification as of the beginning of the period of adoption. As a result of adopting this standard, we reclassified stranded tax effects of $633 from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” to “Retained earnings.”

The SEC Disclosure Update and Simplification release announces the SEC's adoption of certain amendments in August 2018. While most of the amendments eliminate outdated or duplicative disclosure requirements, the final rule amends the interim financial

statement requirements to require a reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity in the notes to the financial statements or as a separate statement. This analysis should reconcile the beginning balance to the ending balance of each caption in stockholders’ equity for each period for which an income statement is required to be filed and comply with the remaining content requirements of Rule 3-04 of Regulation S-X. As a result, registrants are required to provide the reconciliation for both the comparable quarterly and year-to-date periods in their Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q but only for the year-to-date periods in registration statements, beginning in the first quarter of 2019. The Company has included the reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity as a separate statement.

Inventory

Inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

Share based compensation

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service periods

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Long-Term Debt (Narrative - North America) (Details)	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Revolving credit facility
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding		$ 48,004,000	$ 74,008,000
Term loan
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding		24,375,000	$ 0
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 195,000,000
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	140,000,000
Potential increase to borrowing capacity	$ 50,000,000
Line of credit facility, current borrowing capacity		91,160,000
Debt instrument term	5 years
Maximum growth leverage ratio	3.25
Maximum growth leverage ratio during acquisition period	3.50
Minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio	1.25
Minimum working capital to revolving facility usage ratio	1.40
Liquidity covenant	$ 25,000,000
Acquisition consideration threshold, per acquisition	50,000,000
Aggregate acquisition threshold for four consecutive periods where acquisitions occurred	50,000,000
Aggregate acquisition consideration threshold	100,000,000
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding		$ 836,000
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Foreign Sublimit
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 25,000,000
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Euro-rate
Line of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	1.00%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Euro-rate | Minimum
Line of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	1.25%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Euro-rate | Maximum
Line of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	2.25%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Base Rate | Minimum
Line of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	0.25%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Base Rate | Maximum
Line of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	1.25%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving credit facility | Overnight Bank Funding Rate
Line of Credit Facility
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	0.50%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Term loan | Term Loan
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, current borrowing capacity	$ 25,000,000

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Stock-Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		17 Months Ended
	May 29, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Stock-based compensation		$ 876	$ 934	$ 2,910	$ 2,838
Expected cost on shares expected to vest		$ 5,063		$ 5,063		$ 5,063
Recognition period for compensation expense not yet recognized				3 years 6 months
Restricted Stock | Vesting Period 2
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting period				3 years
Restricted Stock | Vesting Period 2 | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting period						1 year
Performance Share Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Vesting period	3 years

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Retirement Plans (Schedule of Costs of Retirement Plans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure
Expenses associated with contributions made	$ 788	$ 903	$ 2,317	$ 2,499
United States
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure
Expenses associated with contributions made	656	766	1,887	2,080
Canada
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure
Expenses associated with contributions made	29	23	102	91
United Kingdom
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure
Expenses associated with contributions made	$ 103	$ 114	$ 328	$ 328

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Goodwill) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 19,258
Foreign currency translation impact	(328)
Goodwill, ending balance	18,930
Rail Products and Services
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning balance	14,111
Foreign currency translation impact	(328)
Goodwill, ending balance	13,783
Construction Products
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning balance	5,147
Foreign currency translation impact	0
Goodwill, ending balance	5,147
Tubular and Energy Services
Goodwill
Goodwill, beginning balance	0
Foreign currency translation impact	0
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 0

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Business Segments (Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting Information
Assets	$ 396,287	$ 383,249
Operating Segments | Rail Products and Services
Segment Reporting Information
Assets	181,694	175,704
Operating Segments | Construction Products
Segment Reporting Information
Assets	99,997	97,133
Operating Segments | Tubular and Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information
Assets	86,531	90,402
Unallocated corporate assets
Segment Reporting Information
Assets	$ 28,065	$ 20,010

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Future Payments) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2019	$ 4,000
2020	8,000
2021	8,000
2022	8,000
2023	8,000
2024	8,000
Total	$ 44,000

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Inventory (Schedule of Inventory) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 69,563	$ 69,041
Contract assets	34,792	26,692
Work-in-process	3,427	6,940
Raw materials	20,959	21,831
Inventories - net	$ 128,741	$ 124,504

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Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Amortization of finance leases	$ 182	$ 539
Interest on lease liabilities	16	37
Operating lease cost	992	2,822
Sublease income	0	(18)
Total lease cost	$ 1,190	$ 3,380

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Retirement Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure

Schedule of Costs of Retirement Plans

The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
United States	$	656	$	766	$	1,887	$	2,080
Canada	29		23		102		91
United Kingdom	103		114		328		328
	$	788	$	903	$	2,317	$	2,499

United States

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest cost	$	162	$	155	$	486	$	466
Expected return on plan assets	(180)		(213)		(540)		(640)
Recognized net actuarial loss	31		24		94		72
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$	13	$	(34)	$	40	$	(102)

United Kingdom

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest cost	$	53	$	51	$	159	$	153
Expected return on plan assets	(60)		(70)		(180)		(210)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	10		5		30		15
Recognized net actuarial loss	52		48		156		144
Net periodic pension cost	$	55	$	34	$	165	$	102

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Revolving credit facility	$	48,004	$	74,008
Term loan	24,375		—
Finance leases and financing agreements	620		974
Total	72,999		74,982
Less current maturities	(2,978)		(629)
Long-term portion	$	70,021	$	74,353

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Financial Statements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Financial Statements

Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals, unless otherwise stated herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the L.B. Foster Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software” (“ASU 2018-15”). The ASU requires capitalization of certain implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that qualifies as a service contract. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods therein with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to trade receivables, other receivables, and most debt instruments. The CECL model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses, and entities will need to measure expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. This guidance is required to be adopted by the Company beginning in fiscal year 2020. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these changes on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance resulted in most leases being capitalized as a right-of-use asset with a related balance sheet liability. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Additionally, the Company has elected to apply the practical expedients for leases that commenced prior to the effective date, not to apply the recognition requirements in the standard to short-term leases, and not to separate non-lease components from lease components. The Company has presented the disclosures required by ASU 2016-02 in Note 8.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income; Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2018-02”), which allows companies to reclassify stranded tax effects caused by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 during the first quarter of 2019 and has chosen to record the reclassification as of the beginning of the period of adoption. As a result of adopting this standard, we reclassified stranded tax effects of $633 from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” to “Retained earnings.”

The SEC Disclosure Update and Simplification release announces the SEC's adoption of certain amendments in August 2018. While most of the amendments eliminate outdated or duplicative disclosure requirements, the final rule amends the interim financial

statement requirements to require a reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity in the notes to the financial statements or as a separate statement. This analysis should reconcile the beginning balance to the ending balance of each caption in stockholders’ equity for each period for which an income statement is required to be filed and comply with the remaining content requirements of Rule 3-04 of Regulation S-X. As a result, registrants are required to provide the reconciliation for both the comparable quarterly and year-to-date periods in their Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q but only for the year-to-date periods in registration statements, beginning in the first quarter of 2019. The Company has included the reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity as a separate statement.

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Accounts Receivable	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Accounts Receivable Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Accounts Receivable	Accounts ReceivableCredit is extended based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices. The amounts of trade accounts receivable as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 have been reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,152 and $932, respectively. Changes in reserves for uncollectable accounts, which are recorded as part of “Selling and administrative expenses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, resulted in income of $96 and $267 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and expense of $8 and income of $986 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Long-Term Debt and Related Manners

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt and Related Manners

Long-term Debt and Related Matters

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Revolving credit facility	$	48,004	$	74,008
Term loan	24,375		—
Finance leases and financing agreements	620		974
Total	72,999		74,982
Less current maturities	(2,978)		(629)
Long-term portion	$	70,021	$	74,353

On April 30, 2019, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian and European subsidiaries (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Amended Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, N.A. This Amended Credit Agreement modifies the prior revolving credit facility, which had a maximum credit line of $195,000 and extends the maturity date from March 13, 2020 to April 30, 2024. The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, revolving credit facility that permits aggregate borrowings of the Borrowers up to $140,000 with a sublimit of the equivalent of $25,000 U.S. dollars that is available to the Canadian and United Kingdom borrowers in the aggregate. The Amended Credit Agreement’s incremental loan feature permits the Company to increase the available revolving borrowings under the facility by up to an additional $50,000 and provides for additional term loan borrowings of up to $25,000 subject to the Company’s receipt of increased commitments from existing or new lenders and the satisfaction of certain conditions.

The Company’s and the domestic, Canadian, and United Kingdom guarantors’ (the “Guarantors”) obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by the grant of a security interest by the Borrowers and Guarantors in substantially all of the personal property owned by such entities. Additionally, the equity interests in each of the loan parties, other than the Company, and the equity interests held by each loan party in their domestic subsidiaries, have been pledged to the lenders as collateral for the lending obligations.

Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at rates based upon either the base rate or Euro-rate plus applicable margins. Applicable margins are dictated by the ratio of the Company’s total net indebtedness to the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for four trailing quarters, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement. The base rate is the highest of (a) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate plus 50 basis points, (b) the Prime Rate, or (c) the Daily Euro-rate plus 100 basis points (each as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The base rate and Euro-rate spreads range from 25 to 125 basis points and 125 to 225 basis points, respectively.

The Amended Credit Agreement includes three financial covenants: (a) Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio, defined as the Company’s consolidated Indebtedness divided by the Company’s consolidated EBITDA, which must not exceed (i) 3.25 to 1.00 for all testing periods other than during an Acquisition Period, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, and (ii) 3.50 to 1.00 for all testing periods occurring during an Acquisition Period; (b) Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, defined as the Company's consolidated EBITDA divided by the Company's Fixed Charges, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, which must be less than 1.25 to 1.00; and (c) Minimum Working Capital to Revolving Facility Usage Ratio, defined as the sum of the inventory and accounts receivable of the Borrowers and certain other Guarantors divided by the Revolving Facility Usage, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, which must be less than 1.40 to 1.00.

The Amended Credit Agreement permits the Company to pay dividends and make distributions and redemptions with respect to its stock provided no event of default or potential default (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) has occurred prior to or after giving effect to the dividend, distribution, or redemption. Additionally, the Amended Credit Agreement permits the Company to complete acquisitions so long as (a) no event of default or potential default has occurred prior to or as a result of such acquisition; (b) the liquidity of the Borrowers is not less than $25,000 prior to giving effect to such acquisition; and (c) the aggregate consideration for the acquisition does not exceed: (i) $50,000 per acquisition; (ii) $50,000 in the aggregate for multiple acquisitions entered into during four consecutive quarters; and (iii) $100,000 in the aggregate over the term of the Amended Credit Agreement.

Other restrictions exist at all times including, but not limited to, limitations on the Company’s sale of assets and the incurrence by either the Borrowers or the non-borrower subsidiaries of the Company of other indebtedness, guarantees, and liens.

As of September 30, 2019, L.B. Foster was in compliance with the covenants in the Amended Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $836 and had net available borrowing capacity of $91,160. The maturity date of the facility is April 30, 2024.

On April 29, 2019, the credit facility with NatWest Bank for the Company's United Kingdom operations was terminated.

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes the Company's net sales by major product and service category:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Rail Products	$	39,224	$	49,234	$	153,420	$	139,600
Rail Technologies	28,517		35,283		91,416		98,971
Rail Products and Services	67,741		84,517		244,836		238,571
Piling and Fabricated Bridge	28,703		26,798		90,023		71,505
Precast Concrete Products	18,472		14,736		49,903		41,136
Construction Products	47,175		41,534		139,926		112,641
Test, Inspection, and Threading Services	12,249		15,296		40,777		44,517
Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems	27,111		25,747		80,139		66,709
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		41,043		120,916		111,226
Total net sales	$	154,276	$	167,094	$	505,678	$	462,438

Net sales by the timing of the transfer of products and services was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	46,712	$	29,375	$	26,670	$	102,757
Over time	21,029		17,800		12,690		51,519
Total net sales	$	67,741	$	47,175	$	39,360	$	154,276
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	61,426	$	27,459	$	33,474	$	122,359
Over time	23,091		14,075		7,569		44,735
Total net sales	$	84,517	$	41,534	$	41,043	$	167,094

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	183,905	$	90,565	$	89,346	$	363,816
Over time	60,931		49,361		31,570		141,862
Total net sales	$	244,836	$	139,926	$	120,916	$	505,678
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	176,592	$	74,581	$	94,832	$	346,005
Over time	61,979		38,060		16,394		116,433
Total net sales	$	238,571	$	112,641	$	111,226	$	462,438

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Earnings Per Common Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share

(Share amounts in thousands)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income	$	3,064	$	6,408	$	16,318	$	9,984
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	10,420		10,365		10,406		10,361
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	10,420		10,365		10,406		10,361
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock compensation plans	254		124		225		120
Dilutive potential common shares	254		124		225		120
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding	10,674		10,489		10,631		10,481
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.62	$	1.57	$	0.96
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.61	$	1.53	$	0.95

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge, tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income TaxesFor the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $51 and $18 on pre-tax income of $3,115 and $6,426, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 1.6% and 0.3%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $2,374 and $1,271 on pre-tax income of $18,692 and $11,255, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 12.7% and 11.3%, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the realization of a portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets previously offset by a valuation allowance. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets, which is likely to result in significant variability of the effective tax rate in the current year. Changes in pre-tax income projections and the mix of income across jurisdictions could also impact the effective income tax rate.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,374	$ 10,282
Accounts receivable - net (Note 5)	85,039	86,123
Inventories - net (Note 6)	128,741	124,504
Other current assets	6,326	5,763
Total current assets	235,480	226,672
Property, plant, and equipment - net (Note 7)	82,793	86,857
Operating lease right-of-use assets - net (Note 8)	13,234
Other assets:
Goodwill (Note 4)	18,930	19,258
Other intangibles - net (Note 4)	44,555	49,836
Other assets	1,295	626
TOTAL ASSETS	396,287	383,249
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	73,246	78,269
Deferred revenue	8,710	6,619
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	12,407	12,993
Accrued warranty (Note 14)	1,222	2,057
Current portion of accrued settlement (Note 14)	8,000	10,000
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 9)	2,978	629
Other accrued liabilities	14,153	13,624
Total current liabilities	120,716	124,191
Long-term debt (Note 9)	70,021	74,353
Deferred tax liabilities (Note 15)	4,668	5,287
Long-term portion of accrued settlement (Note 14)	36,000	40,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities (Note 8)	10,103	0
Other long-term liabilities	16,104	17,299
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01, authorized 20,000,000 shares; shares issued at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 11,115,779; shares outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 10,420,635 and 10,366,007, respectively	111	111
Paid-in capital	49,014	48,040
Retained earnings	131,275	114,324
Treasury stock - at cost, 695,144 and 749,772 common stock shares at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	(16,829)	(18,165)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(24,896)	(22,191)
Total stockholders' equity	138,675	122,119
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 396,287	$ 383,249

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Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	$ 154,276	$ 167,094	$ 505,678	$ 462,438
Rail Products and Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	67,741	84,517	244,836	238,571
Rail Products and Services | Rail Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	39,224	49,234	153,420	139,600
Rail Products and Services | Rail Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	28,517	35,283	91,416	98,971
Construction Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	47,175	41,534	139,926	112,641
Construction Products | Piling and Fabricated Bridge
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	28,703	26,798	90,023	71,505
Construction Products | Precast Concrete Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	18,472	14,736	49,903	41,136
Tubular and Energy Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	39,360	41,043	120,916	111,226
Tubular and Energy Services | Test, Inspection, and Threading Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	12,249	15,296	40,777	44,517
Tubular and Energy Services | Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	$ 27,111	$ 25,747	$ 80,139	$ 66,709

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Business Segments (Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	$ 154,276	$ 167,094	$ 505,678	$ 462,438
Segment Profit	7,495	11,176	32,847	27,837
Rail Products and Services
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	67,741	84,517	244,836	238,571
Construction Products
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	47,175	41,534	139,926	112,641
Tubular and Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	39,360	41,043	120,916	111,226
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	154,276	167,094	505,678	462,438
Segment Profit	7,495	11,176	32,847	27,837
Operating Segments | Rail Products and Services
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	67,741	84,517	244,836	238,571
Segment Profit	3,417	5,299	14,815	12,655
Operating Segments | Construction Products
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	47,175	41,534	139,926	112,641
Segment Profit	1,848	1,603	6,095	4,478
Operating Segments | Tubular and Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information
Total net sales	39,360	41,043	120,916	111,226
Segment Profit	$ 2,230	$ 4,274	$ 11,937	$ 10,704

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Amortization expense	$ 1,655	$ 1,762	$ 5,046	$ 5,322
Non-compete agreements
Fully amortized intangible assets	124		124
Trademarks and trade names
Fully amortized intangible assets	$ 723		$ 723
Minimum
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			4 years
Maximum
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			25 years
Weighted Average
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			15 years
Weighted Average | Non-compete agreements
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			4 years		4 years
Weighted Average | Trademarks and trade names
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			16 years		15 years

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Fair Value Measurements (Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Term deposits	$ 17	$ 16
Interest rate swaps	0	675
Total assets	17	691
Interest rate swaps	657	0
Total liabilities	657	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Term deposits	17	16
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Total assets	17	16
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Term deposits	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0	675
Total assets	0	675
Interest rate swaps	657	0
Total liabilities	657	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Term deposits	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Total liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

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Retirement Plans (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure
Defined contribution plan number	6
United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure
Number of retirement plans	3
Number of defined benefit plans	1
Defined contribution plan number	2
Defined benefit plans, estimated future employer contributions in current fiscal year | $	$ 550
Canada
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure
Defined contribution plan number	2
United Kingdom
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure
Defined contribution plan number	2
Defined benefit plans, estimated future employer contributions in current fiscal year | $	$ 241
Defined benefit plan, contributions by employer | $	$ 187

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Leases - Estimated Annual Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating Leases
Remaining 2019	$ 1,072
2020	3,438
2021	2,434
2022	2,148
2023	1,671
2024 and thereafter	5,054
Total undiscounted lease payments	15,817
Interest	(2,583)
Total	13,234
Finance Leases
Remaining 2019	179
2020	424
2021	105
2022	52
2023	0
2024 and thereafter	0
Total undiscounted lase payments	760
Interest	(140)
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 620	$ 974

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Expected Amortization Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2019	$ 1,525
2020	5,815
2021	5,781
2022	5,698
2023	5,211
2024 and thereafter	20,525
Net Carrying Amount	$ 44,555	$ 49,836

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Leases - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Lessee, Lease, Description
Operating lease right of use assets	$ 13,234
Lease liability current	3,131
Operating lease liability, noncurrent	$ 10,103		$ 0
Lease renewal term	12 years
Lease termination period	1 year
Operating lease, weighted average lease term	6 years
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate (percent)	5.00%
Finance lease, weighted average lease term	2 years
Finance lease, weighted average discount rate (percent)	4.30%
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description
Lease term	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description
Lease term	12 years
ASU 2016-02
Lessee, Lease, Description
Operating lease right of use assets		$ 13,585
Lease liability current		3,322
Operating lease liability, noncurrent		$ 10,263

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Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 51	$ 18	$ 2,374	$ 1,271
Pre-tax income	$ 3,115	$ 6,426	$ 18,692	$ 11,255
Effective income tax rate (percent)	1.60%	0.30%	12.70%	11.30%

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Revenue from products or services provided to customers over time accounted for 33.4% and 26.8% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 28.1% and 25.2% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract. Revenue recognized over time using an input measure was $37,488 and $33,225 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $104,309 and $87,369 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A certain portion of the Company’s revenue recognized over time under these long-term agreements is recognized using an output method, specifically units delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements. Revenue recognized over time using an output measure was $14,031 and $11,510 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $37,553 and $29,064 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had contract assets of $34,792 and $26,692, respectively, that were recorded in “Inventories - net” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had contract liabilities of $3,343 and $1,505, respectively, that were recorded in “Deferred revenue” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is from products transferred and services rendered to customers at a point in time. Point in time revenue accounted for 66.6% and 73.2% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 71.9% and 74.8% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when the product title passes to the customer upon shipment or the service has been rendered to the customer. In limited cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at a physical location.

The following table summarizes the Company's net sales by major product and service category:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Rail Products	$	39,224	$	49,234	$	153,420	$	139,600
Rail Technologies	28,517		35,283		91,416		98,971
Rail Products and Services	67,741		84,517		244,836		238,571
Piling and Fabricated Bridge	28,703		26,798		90,023		71,505
Precast Concrete Products	18,472		14,736		49,903		41,136
Construction Products	47,175		41,534		139,926		112,641
Test, Inspection, and Threading Services	12,249		15,296		40,777		44,517
Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems	27,111		25,747		80,139		66,709
Tubular and Energy Services	39,360		41,043		120,916		111,226
Total net sales	$	154,276	$	167,094	$	505,678	$	462,438

Net sales by the timing of the transfer of products and services was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	46,712	$	29,375	$	26,670	$	102,757
Over time	21,029		17,800		12,690		51,519
Total net sales	$	67,741	$	47,175	$	39,360	$	154,276
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	61,426	$	27,459	$	33,474	$	122,359
Over time	23,091		14,075		7,569		44,735
Total net sales	$	84,517	$	41,534	$	41,043	$	167,094

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	183,905	$	90,565	$	89,346	$	363,816
Over time	60,931		49,361		31,570		141,862
Total net sales	$	244,836	$	139,926	$	120,916	$	505,678
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Point in time	$	176,592	$	74,581	$	94,832	$	346,005
Over time	61,979		38,060		16,394		116,433
Total net sales	$	238,571	$	112,641	$	111,226	$	462,438

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets, included in “Inventories - net”), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities, included in “Deferred revenue”) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Significant changes in contract assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted from transfers to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period of $22,320. Significant changes in contract liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted from increases of $3,100 due to billings in excess of costs, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period. Contract liabilities were reduced due to revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $194 and $406, respectively, and reduced due to revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $1,460 and $1,146, respectively, that were included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $194,083 of remaining performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 7.7% of the September 30, 2019 backlog was related to projects that are anticipated to extend beyond September 30, 2020.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Land	$	12,370	$	12,440
Improvements to land and leaseholds	17,280		17,610
Buildings	35,914		34,608
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under finance leases	123,139		120,914
Construction in progress	1,333		3,083
Gross property, plant, and equipment	190,036		188,655
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of finance leases	(107,243)		(101,798)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	82,793	$	86,857

Depreciation expense was $2,755 and $2,803 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8,295 and $8,685 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We review our property, plant, and equipment for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. There were no impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

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Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

(Share amounts in thousands)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income	$	3,064	$	6,408	$	16,318	$	9,984
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	10,420		10,365		10,406		10,361
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	10,420		10,365		10,406		10,361
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock compensation plans	254		124		225		120
Dilutive potential common shares	254		124		225		120
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding	10,674		10,489		10,631		10,481
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.62	$	1.57	$	0.96
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.29	$	0.61	$	1.53	$	0.95

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Land	$	12,370	$	12,440
Improvements to land and leaseholds	17,280		17,610
Buildings	35,914		34,608
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under finance leases	123,139		120,914
Construction in progress	1,333		3,083
Gross property, plant, and equipment	190,036		188,655
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of finance leases	(107,243)		(101,798)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	82,793	$	86,857

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Financial Statements (Narratives) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (24,896)		$ (22,191)
Retained earnings	$ 131,275		$ 114,324
ASU 2018-02 | Reclassified
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		$ (633)
Retained earnings		$ 633

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Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounts Receivable Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Allowance doubtful accounts, receivables	$ 1,152		$ 1,152		$ 932
Reserve for (income) from uncollectable accounts	$ (96)	$ (267)	$ 8	$ (986)

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Leases - Balance Sheet Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating leases
Operating lease right of use assets	$ 13,234
Operating lease liability, current	3,131
Operating lease liability, noncurrent	10,103	$ 0
Total operating lease liabilities	13,234
Finance leases
Property, plant, and equipment	3,448
Accumulated amortization	(2,828)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	620
Finance lease liability, current	478
Finance lease liability, noncurrent	142
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 620	$ 974

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Long-Term Debt (Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Line of Credit Facility
Finance leases and financing agreements	$ 620	$ 974
Total	72,999	74,982
Less current maturities	(2,978)	(629)
Long-term portion	70,021	74,353
Revolving credit facility
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding	48,004	74,008
Term loan
Line of Credit Facility
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding	$ 24,375	$ 0

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Environmental Loss Contingencies) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies
Environmental liability, beginning balance	$ 6,128
Additions to environmental obligations	3
Environmental obligations utilized	(73)
Environmental liability, ending balance	$ 6,058

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	14,111	$	5,147	$	—	$	19,258
Foreign currency translation impact	(328)		—		—		(328)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	13,783	$	5,147	$	—	$	18,930

The Company performs goodwill impairment tests annually during the fourth quarter, and also performs interim goodwill impairment tests if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. Qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying

amount. No interim goodwill impairment test was required in connection with the evaluation of qualitative factors as of September 30, 2019.

The components of the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	4	$	1,227	$	(1,140)	$	87
Patents	10	369		(181)		188
Customer relationships	18	36,807		(13,021)		23,786
Trademarks and trade names	16	7,732		(3,382)		4,350
Technology	14	35,551		(19,407)		16,144
		$	81,686	$	(37,131)	$	44,555
	December 31, 2018
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	4	$	1,372	$	(1,046)	$	326
Patents	10	358		(165)		193
Customer relationships	18	37,129		(11,388)		25,741
Trademarks and trade names	15	8,481		(3,416)		5,065
Technology	14	35,640		(17,129)		18,511
		$	82,980	$	(33,144)	$	49,836

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives, which range from 4 to 25 years, with a total weighted average amortization period of approximately 15 years as of September 30, 2019. Amortization expense was $1,655 and $1,762 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $5,046 and $5,322 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, gross intangible assets and accumulated amortization were reduced as a result of the full amortization of certain intangible assets related to non-compete agreements of $124 and trademarks and trade names of $723.

As of September 30, 2019, estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2019 and thereafter was as follows:

	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2019	$	1,525
2020	5,815
2021	5,781
2022	5,698
2023	5,211
2024 and thereafter	20,525
	$	44,555

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective approach, which resulted in an increase in assets of $13,585 and an increase in current and long-term liabilities of $3,322 and $10,263, respectively. This adoption did not affect our results of operations, cash flows, or our compliance with the covenants of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015, and as amended by the Second Amendment dated November 7, 2016, or the covenants of the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 30, 2019.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating leases are included in “Operating lease right-of-use assets,” “Other current liabilities,” and “Long-term operating lease liabilities” within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases are included in “Property, plant, and equipment - net,” “Current maturities of long-term debt,” and “Long-term debt” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes indirect costs incurred and lease payments made prior to the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease and will be recognized when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components that we account for as a single lease component. Also, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities.

Finance lease and lessor accounting recognition has remained substantially unchanged under ASU 2016-02. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had no impact on the Company's balance sheet, results of operations, or cash flows for finance leases.

The Company has operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, sales offices, vehicles, and certain equipment. As of September 30, 2019, our leases had remaining lease terms of 1 to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 6 years and a weighted average discount rate of 5.0%. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s finance leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 2 years and a weighted average discount rate of 4.3%.

The balance sheet components of the Company's leases were as follows as of September 30, 2019:

	September 30, 2019
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,234
Other current liabilities	$	3,131
Long-term operating lease liabilities	10,103
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,234
Finance leases
Property, plant, and equipment	$	3,448
Accumulated amortization	(2,828)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	620
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	478
Long-term debt	142
Total finance lease liabilities	$	620

The components of lease expense within the Company's statements of operations were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of finance leases	$	182	$	539
Interest on lease liabilities	16		37
Operating lease cost	992		2,822
Sublease income	—		(18)
Total lease cost	$	1,190	$	3,380

The cash flow components of the Company's leases were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,287)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(539)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,459

As of September 30, 2019, estimated annual maturities of lease liabilities remaining for the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remaining 2019	$	1,072	$	179
2020	3,438		424
2021	2,434		105
2022	2,148		52
2023	1,671		—
2024 and thereafter	5,054		—
Total undiscounted lease payments	15,817		760
Interest	(2,583)		(140)
Total	$	13,234	$	620

Leases

Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective approach, which resulted in an increase in assets of $13,585 and an increase in current and long-term liabilities of $3,322 and $10,263, respectively. This adoption did not affect our results of operations, cash flows, or our compliance with the covenants of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015, and as amended by the Second Amendment dated November 7, 2016, or the covenants of the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 30, 2019.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating leases are included in “Operating lease right-of-use assets,” “Other current liabilities,” and “Long-term operating lease liabilities” within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases are included in “Property, plant, and equipment - net,” “Current maturities of long-term debt,” and “Long-term debt” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes indirect costs incurred and lease payments made prior to the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease and will be recognized when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components that we account for as a single lease component. Also, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities.

Finance lease and lessor accounting recognition has remained substantially unchanged under ASU 2016-02. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had no impact on the Company's balance sheet, results of operations, or cash flows for finance leases.

The Company has operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, sales offices, vehicles, and certain equipment. As of September 30, 2019, our leases had remaining lease terms of 1 to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 6 years and a weighted average discount rate of 5.0%. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s finance leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 2 years and a weighted average discount rate of 4.3%.

The balance sheet components of the Company's leases were as follows as of September 30, 2019:

	September 30, 2019
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,234
Other current liabilities	$	3,131
Long-term operating lease liabilities	10,103
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,234
Finance leases
Property, plant, and equipment	$	3,448
Accumulated amortization	(2,828)
Property, plant, and equipment - net	$	620
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	478
Long-term debt	142
Total finance lease liabilities	$	620

The components of lease expense within the Company's statements of operations were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of finance leases	$	182	$	539
Interest on lease liabilities	16		37
Operating lease cost	992		2,822
Sublease income	—		(18)
Total lease cost	$	1,190	$	3,380

The cash flow components of the Company's leases were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,287)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(539)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,459

As of September 30, 2019, estimated annual maturities of lease liabilities remaining for the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remaining 2019	$	1,072	$	179
2020	3,438		424
2021	2,434		105
2022	2,148		52
2023	1,671		—
2024 and thereafter	5,054		—
Total undiscounted lease payments	15,817		760
Interest	(2,583)		(140)
Total	$	13,234	$	620

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability

The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

	Warranty Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	2,057
Additions to warranty liability	515
Warranty liability utilized	(1,350)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	1,222

Schedule Of Future Payments Of Legal Settlements

The expected payments under the UPRR Settlement Agreement for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
Remainder of 2019	$	4,000
2020	8,000
2021	8,000
2022	8,000
2023	8,000
2024	8,000
Total	$	44,000

Environmental Loss Contingencies

The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

	Environmental liability
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	6,128
Additions to environmental obligations	3
Environmental obligations utilized	(73)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	6,058

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
	September 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		675		—		675		—
Total assets	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	691	$	16	$	675	$	—
Interest rate swaps	$	657	$	—	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	657	$	—	$	657	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

Inventories as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized in the following table:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Finished goods	$	69,563	$	69,041
Contract assets	34,792		26,692
Work-in-process	3,427		6,940
Raw materials	20,959		21,831
Inventories - net	$	128,741	$	124,504

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service periods. The Company recorded stock compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and performance share units of $876 and $934 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $2,910 and $2,838 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, unrecognized compensation expense for unvested awards approximated $5,063. The Company will recognize this expense over the upcoming 3.5 years through April 2023.

Shares issued as a result of vested stock-based compensation awards generally will be from previously issued shares that have been reacquired by the Company and held as treasury stock or authorized and previously unissued common stock.

Restricted Stock Awards and Performance Share Units

Under the 2006 Omnibus Plan, the Company grants eligible employees restricted stock and performance share units. The forfeitable restricted stock awards granted generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying restricted stock agreement. Since May 2018, awards of restricted stock are subject to a minimum one-year vesting period, including those granted to non-employee directors. Prior to May 2018, awards to non-employee directors were made in fully-vested shares. Performance share units are offered annually under separate three-year long-term incentive programs. Performance share units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock of the Company based upon the Company’s performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples, as defined in the underlying program. If the Company’s estimate of the number of performance share units expected to vest changes in a subsequent accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease. The change will be recognized in the current period for the vested shares and would change future expense over the remaining vesting period.

Since May 1, 2017, non-employee directors have been permitted to defer receipt of annual stock awards and equity elected to be received in lieu of quarterly cash compensation. If so elected, these deferred stock units will be issued as common stock six months after separation from their service on the Board of Directors. Since May 2018, there have been no non-employee directors who elected the option to receive deferred stock units of the Company’s common stock in lieu of director cash compensation.

In February 2019, the Compensation Committee approved the 2019 Performance Share Unit Program and the Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (consisting of cash and equity components). The Compensation Committee also certified the actual Company performance achievement in the 2016 Performance Share Unit Program, which actual performance resulted in no payout relative to the 2016 Performance Share Unit Program target performance metrics.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock awards, deferred stock units, and performance share units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Restricted Stock	Deferred Stock Units	Performance Share Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	191,825	41,774	300,373	$	18.61
Granted	62,125	12,304	89,092	18.63
Vested	(87,782)	—	—	19.51
Adjustment for incentive awards not expected to vest	—	—	(15,015)	19.26
Cancelled and forfeited	(6,500)	—	—	20.11
Outstanding as of September 30, 2019	159,668	54,078	374,450	$	18.58

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 16,318	$ 9,984
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(541)	(1,477)
Depreciation	8,295	8,685
Amortization	5,046	5,322
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments	(29)	7
(Gain) loss on sales and disposals of property, plant, and equipment	(4)	498
Stock-based compensation	2,910	2,838
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	910	(10,634)
Inventories	(4,957)	(12,960)
Other current assets	480	(1,160)
Prepaid income tax	(4,042)	(3,025)
Other noncurrent assets	(425)	1,132
Accounts payable	(4,193)	19,604
Deferred revenue	2,143	2,278
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	(574)	(778)
Accrued settlement	(6,000)	0
Other current liabilities	(1,041)	2,287
Other long-term liabilities	(1,013)	(176)
Net cash provided by operating activities	13,283	22,425
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment	253	2,267
Capital expenditures on property, plant, and equipment	(5,037)	(3,196)
Proceeds from sale of equity method investment	0	3,875
Repayment of revolving line of credit from equity method investment	0	1,235
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(4,784)	4,181
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of debt	(156,944)	(153,089)
Proceeds from debt	154,961	99,592
Debt issuance costs	(836)	0
Treasury stock acquisitions	(600)	(316)
Net cash used in financing activities	(3,419)	(53,813)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	12	(885)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	5,092	(28,092)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	10,282	37,678
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	15,374	9,586
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	3,599	4,468
Income taxes paid	$ 6,176	$ 4,077

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Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsOn October 29, 2019, the Company announced to certain union and non-union employees at our CXT Concrete Buildings facility, located in Spokane, Washington, the intent to relocate the pre-fabricated concrete buildings manufacturing operation to Boise, Idaho. This move is part of an initiative focusing on regional growth opportunities and logistical savings associated with fabricating product in a more centralized location closer to the Company’s existing and prospective customer base. The Company expects to cease pre-fabricated building operations in Spokane, Washington, and commence operations in Boise, Idaho, in the first quarter of 2020.As a result of this relocation, the Company expects to incur certain exit and disposal charges consisting of severance, relocation, and employee retention expense, as well as site clean-up and facility restoration expense, totaling approximately $1,000 to $1,500 in its Construction Products operating segment. The approximate expense resulting from this relocation could change materially as a result of certain factors such as employee acceptances of the severance packages offered and unknown or unforeseen costs as part of winding up operations at the Spokane, Washington fabrication facility.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, issued (shares)	11,115,779	11,115,779
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)	10,420,635	10,366,007
Treasury stock shares - at cost, common stock (shares)	695,144	749,772

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	14,111	$	5,147	$	—	$	19,258
Foreign currency translation impact	(328)		—		—		(328)
Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	13,783	$	5,147	$	—	$	18,930

Schedule of Intangible Assets

The components of the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:

	September 30, 2019
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	4	$	1,227	$	(1,140)	$	87
Patents	10	369		(181)		188
Customer relationships	18	36,807		(13,021)		23,786
Trademarks and trade names	16	7,732		(3,382)		4,350
Technology	14	35,551		(19,407)		16,144
		$	81,686	$	(37,131)	$	44,555
	December 31, 2018
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	4	$	1,372	$	(1,046)	$	326
Patents	10	358		(165)		193
Customer relationships	18	37,129		(11,388)		25,741
Trademarks and trade names	15	8,481		(3,416)		5,065
Technology	14	35,640		(17,129)		18,511
		$	82,980	$	(33,144)	$	49,836

Estimated Future Amortization

As of September 30, 2019, estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2019 and thereafter was as follows:

	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2019	$	1,525
2020	5,815
2021	5,781
2022	5,698
2023	5,211
2024 and thereafter	20,525
	$	44,555

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Value	$ 81,686	$ 82,980
Accumulated Amortization	(37,131)	(33,144)
Net Carrying Amount	44,555	49,836
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Value	1,227	1,372
Accumulated Amortization	(1,140)	(1,046)
Net Carrying Amount	87	326
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Value	369	358
Accumulated Amortization	(181)	(165)
Net Carrying Amount	188	193
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Value	36,807	37,129
Accumulated Amortization	(13,021)	(11,388)
Net Carrying Amount	23,786	25,741
Trademarks and trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Value	7,732	8,481
Accumulated Amortization	(3,382)	(3,416)
Net Carrying Amount	4,350	5,065
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Value	35,551	35,640
Accumulated Amortization	(19,407)	(17,129)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 16,144	$ 18,511
Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	15 years
Weighted Average | Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	4 years	4 years
Weighted Average | Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	10 years	10 years
Weighted Average | Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	18 years	18 years
Weighted Average | Trademarks and trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	16 years	15 years
Weighted Average | Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	14 years	14 years

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Revenue (Narratives) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue remaining performance obligation	$ 194,083		$ 194,083
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	154,276	$ 167,094	505,678	$ 462,438
Contract with customer, assets	34,792		34,792		$ 26,692
Contract with customer, liability	3,343		3,343		$ 1,505
Contract assets transferred to receivables			22,320
Cash proceeds from liability contract			3,100
Revenue recognized from contract liability	$ 194	$ 406	$ 1,460	$ 1,146
Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Customer revenue transferred over-time (percentage)	33.40%	26.80%	28.10%	25.20%
Total net sales	$ 51,519	$ 44,735	$ 141,862	$ 116,433
Over time | Performance Based
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	37,488	33,225	104,309	87,369
Over time | Delivery Based
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total net sales	$ 14,031	$ 11,510	$ 37,553	$ 29,064
Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Customer revenue transferred over-time (percentage)	66.60%	73.20%	71.90%	74.80%
Total net sales	$ 102,757	$ 122,359	$ 363,816	$ 346,005
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Revenue remaining performance obligation (percentage)	7.70%		7.70%
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied, expected timing	12 months		12 months

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Business Segments - Narratives (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Operating segments	3

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Earning Per Common Share (Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income	$ 3,064	$ 6,408	$ 16,318	$ 9,984
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding (shares)	10,420	10,365	10,406	10,361
Denominator for basic earnings per common share (shares)	10,420	10,365	10,406	10,361
Effect of dilutive securities:
Other stock compensation plans (shares)	254	124	225	120
Dilutive potential common shares (shares)	254	124	225	120
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding (shares)	10,674	10,489	10,631	10,481
Basic earnings per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.62	$ 1.57	$ 0.96
Diluted earnings per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.61	$ 1.53	$ 0.95

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Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Tax Cuts And Jobs Act Of 2017 Reclassification From Aoci To Retained Earnings Tax Effect	fstr_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017ReclassificationFromAociToRetainedEarningsTaxEffect	$ (633,000)
Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]
Tax Cuts And Jobs Act Of 2017 Reclassification From Aoci To Retained Earnings Tax Effect	fstr_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017ReclassificationFromAociToRetainedEarningsTaxEffect	633,000
Accounting Standards Update 2016-06 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	(305,000)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-06 [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ (305,000)

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Retirement Plans (Schedule Of Net Benefit Costs) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure
Interest cost	$ 162	$ 155	$ 486	$ 466
Expected return on plan assets	(180)	(213)	(540)	(640)
Recognized net actuarial loss	31	24	94	72
Net periodic pension cost	13	(34)	40	(102)
United Kingdom
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure
Interest cost	53	51	159	153
Expected return on plan assets	(60)	(70)	(180)	(210)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	10	5	30	15
Recognized net actuarial loss	52	48	156	144
Net periodic pension cost	$ 55	$ 34	$ 165	$ 102