10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

Or

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-10436

L.B. Foster Company

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	25-1324733
(State of Incorporation)	(I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)

415 Holiday Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	15220
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(412) 928-3400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding as of October 31, 2017
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01	10,340,576 Shares

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L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

	Page
PART I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited):
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	37
PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	38
Item 1A. Risk Factors	38
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	38
Item 6. Exhibits	39
Signature	40

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Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,008		$	30,363
Accounts receivable - net	79,324			66,632
Inventories - net	104,035			83,243
Prepaid income tax	1,048			14,166
Other current assets	9,986			5,200
Total current assets	229,401			199,604
Property, plant, and equipment - net	98,536			103,973
Other assets:
Goodwill	19,699			18,932
Other intangibles - net	59,135			63,519
Investments	151			4,031
Other assets	2,242			2,964
Total assets	$	409,164		$	393,023
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	59,825		$	37,744
Deferred revenue	11,038			7,597
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	10,353			7,497
Accrued warranty	9,614			10,154
Current maturities of long-term debt	9,887			10,386
Other accrued liabilities	8,452			8,953
Total current liabilities	109,169			82,331
Long-term debt	128,398			149,179
Deferred tax liabilities	11,044			11,371
Other long-term liabilities	16,734			16,891
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01, authorized 20,000,000 shares; shares issued at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 11,115,779; shares outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 10,340,576 and 10,312,625, respectively	111			111
Paid-in capital	44,423			44,098
Retained earnings	137,492			133,667
Treasury stock - at cost, common stock, shares at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 775,203 and 803,154, respectively	(18,662		)	(19,336		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19,545		)	(25,289		)
Total stockholders' equity	143,819			133,251
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	409,164		$	393,023

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Sales of goods	$	103,058		$	100,293		$	318,414		$	326,278
Sales of services	28,434			14,351			76,640			50,670
Total net sales	131,492			114,644			395,054			376,948
Cost of goods sold	82,460			81,674			256,152			260,705
Cost of services sold	22,667			13,167			63,549			44,667
Total cost of sales	105,127			94,841			319,701			305,372
Gross profit	26,365			19,803			75,353			71,576
Selling and administrative expenses	20,218			19,807			60,023			65,941
Amortization expense	1,764			1,763			5,218			7,818
Asset impairments	—			6,946			—			135,884
Interest expense	2,026			1,520			6,315			4,342
Interest income	(56		)	(50		)	(166		)	(157		)
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments	(50		)	263			5			946
Other income	(551		)	(1,085		)	(564		)	(263		)
	23,351			29,164			70,831			214,511
Income (loss) before income taxes	3,014			(9,361		)	4,522			(142,935		)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(208		)	(3,379		)	698			(42,125		)
Net income (loss)	$	3,222		$	(5,982	)	$	3,824		$	(100,810	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31		$	(0.58	)	$	0.37		$	(9.82	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31		$	(0.58	)	$	0.37		$	(9.82	)
Dividends paid per common share	$	—		$	0.04		$	—		$	0.12

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017			2016
	(Unaudited)					(Unaudited)
Net income (loss)	$	3,222	$	(5,982	)	$	3,824		$	(100,810	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,412		(1,431		)	5,528			(3,438		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax expense (benefit) of $0, $88 and $0, ($815)	82		137			(119		)	(1,286		)
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, net of tax expense of $0, $38 and $0, $115*	114		73			335			223
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,608		(1,221		)	5,744			(4,501		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	5,830	$	(7,203	)	$	9,568		$	(105,311	)

* Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for pension obligations are charged to selling and administrative expense.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
	(Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	3,824		$	(100,810	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(648		)	(39,690		)
Depreciation	9,705			10,620
Amortization	5,218			7,818
Asset impairments	—			135,884
Equity loss of nonconsolidated investments	5			946
(Gain) loss on sales and disposals of property, plant, and equipment	(347		)	209
Share-based compensation	1,228			875
Income tax deficiency from share-based compensation	—			124
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(11,899		)	13,491
Inventories	(19,336		)	3,188
Other current assets	(786		)	(379		)
Prepaid income tax	12,569			(6,436		)
Other noncurrent assets	719			117
Accounts payable	22,017			(13,256		)
Deferred revenue	3,339			866
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	2,734			(2,294		)
Other current liabilities	(763		)	956
Other liabilities	(63		)	(353		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	27,516			11,876
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment	1,388			923
Capital expenditures on property, plant, and equipment	(5,335		)	(6,507		)
Loans and capital contributions to equity method investment	—			(635		)
Net cash used by investing activities	(3,947		)	(6,219		)

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L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
	(Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of debt	(113,119		)	(134,200		)
Proceeds from debt	91,838			101,075
Financing fees	—			(712		)
Treasury stock acquisitions	(103		)	(265		)
Cash dividends on common stock paid to shareholders	—			(1,244		)
Income tax deficiency from share-based compensation	—			(124		)
Net cash used by financing activities	(21,384		)	(35,470		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	2,460			152
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	4,645			(29,661		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	30,363			33,312
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	35,008		$	3,651
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	5,599		$	3,485
Income taxes (received) paid	$	(11,233	)	$	3,991

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. The year-end Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies assets as held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan of sale with the expectation the sale will be completed within one year.  The net assets of the business held for sale are then recorded at the lower of their current carrying value or the fair market value, less costs to sell.  See Note 7 Investments of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC 605”). ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue, cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company continues its project adoption plan by performing a detailed evaluation of contracts and sales orders with customers and assessing the impact that this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and backlog. We have also been assessing the impact to internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure requirements. We regularly brief our Audit Committee on our overall project plan as well as our progress towards adoption. The Company will adopt this standard as of January 1, 2018 and anticipates using the modified retrospective approach at adoption as it relates to ASU 2014-09.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance will result in most leases being capitalized as a right of use asset with a related liability on our balance sheets. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our financial position. The Company has a significant number of operating leases, and, as a result, expects this guidance to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company does not anticipate early adoption as it relates to ASU 2016-02.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740),” (“ASU 2016-16”) which will require an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The ASU is effective on January 1, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company continues to evaluate the impact this standard will have on the Company’s financial statements but believes there will not be a material change once adopted. The Company will not elect early adoption of ASU 2016-16.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715),” (“ASU 2017-07”) which improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance requires that the entity report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, and report the other components of net periodic pension cost and net

8

periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Of the components of net periodic benefit cost, only the service cost component will be eligible for asset capitalization. The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating its implementation approach and assessing the impact of ASU 2017-07 on the presentation of operations.

2. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The Company is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is organized and evaluated by product group, which is the basis for identifying reportable segments. Each segment represents a revenue-producing component of the Company for which separate financial information is produced internally that is subject to evaluation by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources. Each segment is evaluated based upon its segment profit contribution to the Company’s consolidated results.

The following table illustrates revenues and profits (losses) from operations of the Company by segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	62,095	$	3,472	$	187,922	$	8,938
Construction Products	39,118		3,387		121,905		9,156
Tubular and Energy Services	30,279		2,298		85,227		1,774
Total	$	131,492	$	9,157	$	395,054	$	19,868

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
	Net Sales		Segment Profit (Loss)			Net Sales		Segment Profit (Loss)
Rail Products and Services	$	56,891	$	(2,047	)	$	188,686	$	(26,474	)
Construction Products	34,870		1,356			107,098		5,748
Tubular and Energy Services	22,883		(6,966		)	81,164		(111,876		)
Total	$	114,644	$	(7,657	)	$	376,948	$	(132,602	)

Segment profit (loss) from operations, as shown above, include internal cost of capital charges for assets used in the segment at a rate of generally 1% per month. There has been no change in the measurement of segment profit (loss) from operations since December 31, 2016. The internal cost of capital charges are eliminated during the consolidation process.

The following table provides a reconciliation of reportable segment net profit (loss) from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Profit (loss) for reportable segments	$	9,157		$	(7,657	)	$	19,868		$	(132,602	)
Interest expense	(2,026		)	(1,520		)	(6,315		)	(4,342		)
Interest income	56			50			166			157
Other income	551			1,085			564			263
LIFO (expense) income	(1,552		)	917			(1,733		)	1,442
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments	50			(263		)	(5		)	(946		)
Corporate expense, cost of capital elimination, and other unallocated charges	(3,222		)	(1,973		)	(8,023		)	(6,907		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	3,014		$	(9,361	)	$	4,522		$	(142,935	)

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The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	198,761	$	174,049
Construction Products	88,542		81,074
Tubular and Energy Services	100,046		100,006
Unallocated corporate assets	21,815		37,894
Total	$	409,164	$	393,023

3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	13,785	$	5,147	$	—	$	18,932
Foreign currency translation impact	767		—		—		767
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	14,552	$	5,147	$	—	$	19,699

The Company performs goodwill impairment tests annually during the fourth quarter, and also performs interim goodwill impairment tests if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. Qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. No goodwill impairment test was required in connection with these evaluations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company continues to monitor the recoverability of the long-lived assets associated with certain reporting units of the Company and the long-term financial projections of the businesses. Sustained declines in the markets we serve may result in future long-lived asset impairment.

The following table represents the gross other intangible assets balance by reportable segment:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	57,538	$	56,476
Construction Products	1,348		1,348
Tubular and Energy Services	29,179		29,179
	$	88,065	$	87,003

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The components of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

	September 30, 2017
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5	$	4,233	$	(2,872	)	$	1,361
Patents	10	392		(160		)	232
Customer relationships	17	37,597		(8,542		)	29,055
Trademarks and trade names	14	10,078		(3,879		)	6,199
Technology	14	35,765		(13,477		)	22,288
		$	88,065	$	(28,930	)	$	59,135
	December 31, 2016
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5	$	4,219	$	(2,217	)	$	2,002
Patents	10	373		(143		)	230
Customer relationships	18	36,843		(6,582		)	30,261
Trademarks and trade names	14	10,018		(3,238		)	6,780
Technology	14	35,550		(11,304		)	24,246
		$	87,003	$	(23,484	)	$	63,519

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives, which range from 4 to 25 years, with a total weighted average amortization period of approximately 15 years at September 30, 2017. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,764 and $1,763, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $5,218 and $7,818, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 and thereafter is as follows:

	Amortization Expense
2017	$	1,782
2018	7,024
2019	6,302
2020	5,980
2021	5,960
2022 and thereafter	32,087
	$	59,135

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Credit is extended based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices. The amounts of trade accounts receivable at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 have been reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,138 and $1,417, respectively.

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5. INVENTORIES

Inventories at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the following table:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Finished goods	$	58,588		$	46,673
Work-in-process	30,507			21,716
Raw materials	19,851			18,032
Total inventories at current costs	108,946			86,421
Less: LIFO reserve	(4,911		)	(3,178		)
	$	104,035		$	83,243

Inventory is generally valued at the lower of last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost or market. Other inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. An actual valuation of inventory under the LIFO method is made at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimates of expected year-end levels and costs.

6. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant, and equipment at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of the following:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Land	$	14,866	$	14,826
Improvements to land and leaseholds	17,404		17,408
Buildings	34,503		33,910
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under capitalized leases	120,414		118,060
Construction in progress	1,431		1,291
	188,618		185,495
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of capitalized leases	90,082		81,522
	$	98,536	$	103,973

We review our property, plant, and equipment for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. There were no asset impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017.

Depreciation expense for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $3,178 and $3,295, respectively. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense was $9,705 and $10,620, respectively.

7. INVESTMENTS

The Company is a member of a joint venture, L B Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC (“L B Pipe JV”), in which it maintains a 45% ownership interest. L B Pipe JV manufactures, markets, and sells various machined components and precision coupling products for the energy, water well, and construction markets and is scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2019.

Under applicable guidance for variable interest entities in ASC 810, “Consolidation,” the Company previously determined that L B Pipe JV was a variable interest entity. The Company concluded that it was not the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity, as the Company did not have a controlling financial interest and did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of L B Pipe JV.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, pursuant to the limited liability company agreement, the Company determined to sell its 45% ownership interest to the other 45% equity holder. The Company concluded that it has met the criteria under applicable guidance for a long-lived asset to be held for sale, and has, accordingly, reclassified L B Pipe JV investment of $4,288 as a current asset held for sale within other current assets. The asset was subsequently remeasured to its fair market value of $3,875. The difference between the fair market value and the Company's carrying amount of $413 was recorded as an other-than-temporary impairment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

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At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had a nonconsolidated equity method investment of $0 and $3,902, respectively, in L B Pipe JV and other equity investments totaling $151 and $129, respectively.

The Company recorded equity in the income of L B Pipe JV of $434 and loss of $276 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded equity in the income of L B Pipe JV of $386 and loss of $1,001, respectively.

During 2016, the Company and the other 45% member each executed a revolving line of credit with L B Pipe JV with an available limit of $1,350. The Company and the other 45% member each loaned $1,235 to L B Pipe JV in an effort to maintain compliance with L B Pipe JV’s debt covenants with an unaffiliated bank. The Company is to receive its outstanding loan balance at the 45% equity interest sale date.

The Company’s exposure to loss results from its capital contributions and loans, net of the Company’s share of L B Pipe JV’s income or loss, and its net investment in the direct financing lease covering the facility used by L B Pipe JV for its operations, which is described below. The carrying amounts with the Company’s maximum exposure to loss at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, are as follows:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
L B Pipe JV equity method investment	$	3,875	$	3,902
Revolving line of credit	1,235		1,235
Net investment in direct financing lease	770		871
	$	5,880	$	6,008

The Company is leasing five acres of land and two facilities to L B Pipe JV through June 30, 2019, with a 5.5 year renewal period. The current monthly lease payments approximate $17, with a balloon payment of approximately $488, which is required to be paid either at the termination of the lease, allocated over the renewal period, or during the initial term of the lease. This lease qualifies as a direct financing lease under the applicable guidance in ASC 840-30, “Leases.”

The following is a schedule of the direct financing minimum lease payments for the remainder of 2017 and the years 2018 and thereafter:

	Minimum Lease Payments
2017	$	35
2018	150
2019	585
	$	770

8. LONG-TERM DEBT

United States

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Revolving credit facility	$	123,494	$	127,073
Term loan	13,131		30,000
Capital leases and financing agreements	1,660		2,492
Total	138,285		159,565
Less current maturities	9,887		10,386
Long-term portion	$	128,398	$	149,179

On November 7, 2016, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015 and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016 (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”), with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company. This Second Amendment modified the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which had a maximum revolving credit line of $275,000. The Second Amendment reduced the permitted revolving credit borrowings to $195,000 and provided

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for additional term loan borrowing of $30,000 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan is subject to quarterly straight line amortization until fully paid off upon the final payment on January 1, 2020. Furthermore, certain matters, including excess cash flow, asset sales, and equity issuances, trigger mandatory prepayments to the Term Loan. Term Loan borrowings are not available to draw upon once they have been repaid. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Second Amendment or Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as applicable.

The Second Amendment further provided for modifications to the financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment calls for the elimination of the Maximum Leverage Ratio covenant through the quarter ending June 30, 2018. After that period, the Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio covenant will be reinstated to require a maximum ratio of 4.25 Consolidated Indebtedness to 1.00 Gross Leverage for the quarter ending September 30, 2018, and 3.75 to 1.00 for all periods thereafter until the maturity date of the credit facility. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Last Twelve Months EBITDA covenant (“Minimum EBITDA”). For the quarter ended December 31, 2016 through the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Minimum EBITDA had to be at least $18,500. For each quarter thereafter, through the quarter ending June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will increase by various increments. The incremental Minimum EBITDA requirement for the period ended September 30, 2017 was at least $23,000. At June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will be $31,000. After the quarter ending June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA covenant will be eliminated through the maturity of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenant. The covenant represents the ratio of the Company’s fixed charges to the last twelve months of EBITDA, and is required to be a minimum of 1.00 to 1.00 through the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and 1.25 to 1.00 for each quarter thereafter through the maturity of the credit facility. The final financial covenant included in the Second Amendment is a Minimum Liquidity covenant which calls for a minimum of $25,000 in undrawn availability on the revolving credit loan at all times through the quarter ending June 30, 2018. The Second Amendment includes several changes to certain non-financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Through the maturity date of the loan, the Company is now prohibited from making any future acquisitions. The limitation on permitted annual distributions of dividends or redemptions of the Company’s stock was decreased from $4,000 to $1,700. The aggregate limitation on loans to and investments in non-loan parties was decreased from $10,000 to $5,000. Furthermore, the limitation on asset sales has been decreased from $25,000 annually with a carryover of up to $15,000 from the prior year to $25,000 in the aggregate through the maturity date of the credit facility.

At September 30, 2017, L.B. Foster was in compliance with the Second Amendment’s covenants.

The Second Amendment provided for the elimination of the three lowest tiers of the pricing grid that had previously been defined in the First Amendment. Upon execution of the Second Amendment through the quarter ending March 31, 2018, the Company will be locked into the highest tier of the pricing grid, which provides for pricing of the prime rate plus 225 basis points on base rate loans and the applicable LIBOR rate plus 325 basis points on euro rate loans. For each quarter after March 31, 2018 and through the maturity date of the credit facility, the Company’s position on the pricing grid will be governed by a Minimum Net Leverage ratio, which is the ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness less cash on hand in excess of $15,000 to EBITDA. If, after March 31, 2018, the Minimum Net Leverage ratio positions the Company on the lowest tier of the pricing grid, pricing will be the prime rate plus 150 basis points on base rate loans or the applicable LIBOR rate plus 250 basis points on euro rate loans.

At September 30, 2017, L.B. Foster had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $425 and had net available borrowing capacity of $46,081. The maturity date of the facility is March 13, 2020.

United Kingdom

A subsidiary of the Company has a credit facility with NatWest Bank for its United Kingdom operations, which includes an overdraft availability of £1,500 pounds sterling (approximately $2,010 at September 30, 2017). This credit facility supports the subsidiary’s working capital requirements and is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of its United Kingdom operations. The interest rate on this facility is the financial institution’s base rate plus 2.50%. Outstanding performance bonds reduce availability under this credit facility. The subsidiary of the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility at September 30, 2017. There was approximately $999 in outstanding guarantees (as defined in the underlying agreement) at September 30, 2017. This credit facility was renewed and amended during the fourth quarter of 2016 with all underlying terms and conditions remaining unchanged as a result of the renewal. It is the Company’s intention to renew this credit facility with NatWest Bank during the annual review within the forth quarter of 2017.

The United Kingdom credit facility contains certain financial covenants that require the subsidiary to maintain senior interest and cash flow coverage ratios. The subsidiary was in compliance with these financial covenants at September 30, 2017. The subsidiary had available borrowing capacity of $1,011 at September 30, 2017.

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9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair values are based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in valuation techniques and the inputs to valuations. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Cash equivalents - Included within “Cash and cash equivalents” are investments in non-domestic term deposits. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

LIBOR-based interest rate swaps - To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is based on market-observable forward interest rates and represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to terminate the agreements. As such, the swap agreements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2017, the interest rate swaps were recorded within other accrued liabilities.

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using
	September 30, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level  1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level  1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	$	323	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	—
Total liabilities	$	323	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	—

The interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges and substantially offset the changes in fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt that are attributable to the changes in market risk. Therefore, the gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are included in interest income or expense, in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, interest expense from interest rate swaps was $98. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest expense from interest rate swaps was $302.

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement," the Company measures certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities at fair value, which are recognized or disclosed on a nonrecurring basis. During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, a $413 other-than-temporary impairment charge was recorded against L B Pipe JV assets held for sale utilizing a Level 2 fair value measurement. The impairment was a result of the Company's carrying value being greater than the agreed-upon sales price, or fair market value. See Note 7 Investments of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

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10. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

(Share amounts in thousands)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Net income (loss)	$	3,222	$	(5,982	)	$	3,824	$	(100,810	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	10,341		10,296			10,332		10,264
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	10,341		10,296			10,332		10,264
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock compensation plans	138		—			103		—
Dilutive potential common shares	138		—			103		—
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions	10,479		10,296			10,435		10,264
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Dividends paid per common share	$	—	$	0.04		$	—	$	0.12

There were approximately 34 and 80 anti-dilutive shares during the three- and nine-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2016, respectively, excluded from the above calculation.

11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service period. The Company recorded stock compensation expense of $503 and $320 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to fully-vested stock awards, restricted stock awards, and performance unit awards. Stock compensation expense of $1,228 and $875 was recorded for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At September 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense for awards that the Company expects to vest approximated $4,140. The Company will recognize this expense over the upcoming 3.5 years through March 2021.

Shares issued as a result of vested stock-based compensation generally will be from previously issued shares that have been reacquired by the Company and held as treasury stock or authorized and previously unissued common stock.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized a tax deficiency of $127 related to stock-based compensation, which was fully offset by a valuation allowance, and $124 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Applying the prospective approach in accordance with ASU 2016-09, the change in excess income tax deficiency has been included in cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Restricted Stock Awards and Performance Unit Awards

Under the 2006 Omnibus Plan, the Company grants eligible employees restricted stock and performance unit awards. The forfeitable restricted stock awards granted prior to March 2015 generally time-vest after a four-year period, and those granted subsequent to March 2015 generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying restricted stock agreement. Performance unit awards are offered annually under separate three-year long-term incentive programs. Performance units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock of the Company based upon the Company’s performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples, as defined in the underlying program. If the Company’s estimate of the number of performance stock awards expected to vest changes in a subsequent accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease. The change will be recognized in the current period for the vested shares and would change future expense over the remaining vesting period.

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During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Nomination and Governance Committee and Board of Directors jointly approved the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which permits Non-Employee Directors of the Company to defer receipt of earned cash and/or stock compensation for service on the Board. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the 2017 Performance Share Unit Program and the Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (consisting of cash and equity components). The Compensation Committee also certified the actual performance achievement of participants in the 2014 Performance Share Unit Program. Actual performance resulted in no payout relative to the 2014 Performance Share Unit Program target performance metrics.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award, deferred stock award, and performance unit award activity for the period ended September 30, 2017:

	Restricted Stock		Deferred Stock	Performance Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	79,272		—	63,690		$	21.66
Granted	170,196		24,927	120,583		14.24
Vested	(22,808	)	—	—		28.88
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest	—		—	53,385		18.33
Cancelled	(44,854	)	—	(49,062	)	15.40
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	181,806		24,927	188,596		$	16.48

12. RETIREMENT PLANS

Retirement Plans

The Company has seven retirement plans that cover its hourly and salaried employees in the United States: three defined benefit plans, all of which are frozen, and four defined contribution plans. Employees are eligible to participate in the appropriate plan based on employment classification. The Company’s contributions to the defined benefit and defined contribution plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the Company’s policy and investment guidelines applicable to each respective plan. The Company’s policy is to contribute at least the minimum in accordance with the funding standards of ERISA.

The Company’s subsidiary, L.B. Foster Rail Technologies, Inc. (“Rail Technologies”), maintains two defined contribution plans for its employees in Canada, as well as a post-retirement benefit plan. In the United Kingdom, Rail Technologies maintains two defined contribution plans and a defined benefit plan.

United States Defined Benefit Plans

Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plans for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Service cost	$	—		$	9		$	—		$	27
Interest cost	171			186			513			559
Expected return on plan assets	(178		)	(179		)	(533		)	(538		)
Recognized net actuarial loss	33			69			98			207
Net periodic pension cost	$	26		$	85		$	78		$	255

The Company does not expect to contribute to its United States defined benefit plans in 2017.

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United Kingdom Defined Benefit Plans

Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest cost	$	56		$	73		$	168		$	223
Expected return on plan assets	(67		)	(82		)	(201		)	(250		)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	4			5			12			15
Recognized net actuarial loss	72			38			216			116
Net periodic pension cost	$	65		$	34		$	195		$	104

United Kingdom regulations require trustees to adopt a prudent approach to funding required contributions to defined benefit pension plans. Employer contributions of approximately $251 are anticipated to the United Kingdom Rail Technologies pension plan during 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company contributed approximately $188 to the plan.

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors eight defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across our domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
United States	$	415	$	152	$	1,276	$	1,289
Canada	53		46		167		164
United Kingdom	93		64		306		281
	$	561	$	262	$	1,749	$	1,734

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Product Liability Claims

The Company is subject to product warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. For certain manufactured products, the Company maintains a product warranty accrual which is adjusted on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales. The product warranty accrual is periodically adjusted based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims.

The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

	Warranty Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	10,154
Additions to warranty liability	3,203
Warranty liability utilized	(3,743		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	9,614

Included within the above table are concrete tie warranty reserves of approximately $7,607 and $7,574 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) Concrete Tie Matter

On July 12, 2011, UPRR notified (the “UPRR Notice”) the Company and its subsidiary, CXT Incorporated (“CXT”), of a warranty claim under CXT’s 2005 supply contract relating to the sale of pre-stressed concrete railroad ties to UPRR. UPRR asserted that a significant percentage of concrete ties manufactured in 2006 through 2011 at CXT’s Grand Island, NE facility failed to meet contract specifications, had workmanship defects and were cracking and failing prematurely. Of the 3 million ties manufactured between 1998 and 2011 from the Grand Island, NE facility, approximately 1.6 million ties were sold during the period UPRR had claimed nonconformance.The 2005 contract called for each concrete tie which failed to conform to the specifications or had a material defect in workmanship to be replaced with 1.5 new concrete ties, provided, that, within five years of the sale of a concrete tie, UPRR notified CXT of such failure to conform or such defect in workmanship.

The UPRR Notice did not specify how many ties manufactured during this period were defective nor the exact nature of the alleged workmanship defect.

Following the UPRR Notice, the Company worked with material scientists and pre-stressed concrete experts to test a representative sample of Grand Island, NE concrete ties and assess warranty claims for certain concrete ties made in its Grand Island, NE facility between 1998 and 2011. The Company discontinued manufacturing operations in Grand Island, NE in early 2011.

2012

During 2012, the Company completed sufficient testing and analysis to further understand this matter. Based upon testing results and expert analysis, the Company believed it discovered conditions, which largely related to the 2006 to 2007 manufacturing period, that can shorten the life of the concrete ties produced during this period. During the fourth quarter of 2012 and first quarter of 2013, the Company reached agreement with UPRR on several matters including a tie rating process for the Company and UPRR to work together to identify, prioritize, and replace defective ties that meet the criteria for replacement. This process applies to the ties the Company shipped to UPRR from its Grand Island, NE facility from 1998 to 2011. During most of this period, the Company’s warranty policy for UPRR carried a 5-year warranty with a 1.5:1 replacement ratio for any defective ties. In order to accommodate UPRR and other customer concerns, the Company also reverted to a previously used warranty policy providing a 15-year warranty with a 1:1 replacement ratio. This change provided an additional 10 years of warranty protection. In the amended 2005 supply agreement, the Company and UPRR also extended the supply of Tucson ties by five years and agreed on a cash payment of $12,000 to UPRR as compensation for concrete ties already replaced by UPRR during the investigation period.

During 2012, as a result of the testing that the Company conducted on concrete ties manufactured at its former Grand Island, NE facility and the developments related to UPRR and other customer matters, the Company recorded pre-tax warranty charges of $22,000 in “Cost of Goods Sold” within its Rail Products and Services segment based on the Company’s estimate of the number of defective concrete ties that will ultimately require replacement during the applicable warranty periods.

2013

Throughout 2013, at UPRR’s request and under the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement, the Company provided warranty replacement concrete ties for use across certain UPRR subdivisions. The Company attempted to reconcile the quantity of warranty claims for ties replaced and obtain supporting detail for the ties removed. The Company believes that UPRR did not replace concrete ties in accordance with the amended agreement and has not furnished adequate documentation throughout the replacement process in these subdivisions to support its full warranty claim. Based on the information received by the Company to date, the Company believes that a significant number of ties which UPRR replaced in these subdivisions did not meet the criteria to be covered as warranty replacement ties under the amended 2005 supply agreement. The disagreement related to the 2013 warranty replacement activity includes approximately 170,000 ties where the Company provided detailed documentation supporting our position with reason codes that detail why these ties are not eligible for a warranty claim.

In late November 2013, the Company received notice from UPRR asserting a material breach of the amended 2005 supply agreement. UPRR’s notice asserted that the failure to honor its claims for warranty ties in these subdivisions was a material breach. Following receipt of this notice, the Company provided information to UPRR to refute UPRR’s claim of breach and included the reconciliation of warranty claims supported by substantial findings from the Company’s track observation team, all within the 90-day cure period. The Company also proposed further discussions to reach agreement on reconciliation for 2013 replacement activities and future replacement activities and a recommended process that will ensure future replacement activities are done with appropriate documentation and per the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement.

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2014

During the first quarter of 2014, the Company further responded within the 90-day cure period to UPRR’s claim and presented a reconciliation for the subdivisions at issue. This proposed reconciliation was based on empirical data and visual observation from Company employees that were present during the replacement process for a substantial majority of the concrete ties replaced. The Company spent considerable time documenting facts related to concrete tie condition and track condition to assess whether the ties replaced met the criteria to be eligible for replacement under the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement.

During 2014, the Company increased its accrual by an additional $8,766 based on revised estimates of ties to be replaced based upon scientific testing and other analysis, adjusted for ties already provided to UPRR. The Company continued to work with UPRR to identify, replace, and reconcile defective ties related to the warranty claim in accordance with the amended 2005 supply agreement. The Company and UPRR met during the third quarter of 2014 to evaluate each other’s position in an effort to work towards agreement on the unreconciled 2013 and 2014 replacement activity as well as the standards and practices to be implemented for future replacement activity and warranty tie replacement.

In November and December of 2014, the Company received additional notices from UPRR asserting that ties manufactured in 2000 were defective and again asserting material breaches of the amended 2005 supply agreement relating to warranty tie replacements as well as certain new ties provided to UPRR being out of specification.

At December 31, 2014, the Company and UPRR had not been able to reconcile the disagreement related to the 2013 and 2014 warranty replacement activity. The disagreement relating to the 2014 warranty replacement activity includes approximately 90,100 ties that the Company believes are not warranty-eligible.

2015

On January 23, 2015, UPRR filed a Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial in the District Court for Douglas County, NE (“Complaint”) against the Company and its subsidiary, CXT, asserting, among other matters, that the Company breached its express warranty, breached an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and anticipatorily repudiated its warranty obligations, and that UPRR’s exclusive and limited remedy provisions in the supply agreement have failed of their essential purpose which entitles UPRR to recover all incidental and consequential damages. The Complaint seeks to cancel all duties of UPRR under the contract, to adjudge the Company as having no remaining rights under the contracts, and to recover damages in an amount to be determined at trial for the value of unfulfilled warranty replacement ties and ties likely to become warranty eligible, for costs of cover for replacement ties, and for various incidental and consequential damages. The amended 2005 supply agreement provides that UPRR’s exclusive remedy is to receive a replacement tie that meets the contract specifications for each tie that failed to meet the contract specifications or otherwise contained a material defect provided that the Company receives written notice of such failure or defect within 15 years after that tie was produced. The amended 2005 supply agreement provides that the Company’s warranty does not apply to ties that (a) have been repaired or altered without the Company’s written consent in such a way as to affect the stability or reliability thereof, (b) have been subject to misuse, negligence, or accident, or (c) have been improperly maintained or used contrary to the specifications for which such ties were produced. The amended 2005 supply agreement also continues to provide that the Company’s warranty is in lieu of all other express or implied warranties and that neither party shall be subject to or liable for any incidental or consequential damages to the other party. The dispute is largely based on (1) claims submitted that the Company believes are for ties claimed for warranty replacement that are inaccurately rated under concrete tie rating guidelines and procedures agreed to in 2012 and incorporated by amendment to the 2005 supply agreement rated and are not the responsibility of the Company and claims that do not meet the criteria of a warranty replacement and (2) UPRR’s assertion, which the Company vigorously disputes, that UPRR in future years will be entitled to warranty replacement ties for virtually all of the Grand Island ties. Many thousands of Grand Island ties have been performing in track for over ten years. In addition, a significant amount of Grand Island ties were rated by both parties in the excellent category of the rating system.

In June 2015, UPRR delivered an additional notice alleging deficiencies in certain ties produced in the Company’s Tucson and Spokane locations and other claimed material breaches which the Company contends are unfounded. The Company again responded to UPRR that it was not in material breach of the amended 2005 supply agreement relating to warranty tie replacements and that the ties in question complied with the specifications provided by UPRR.

On June 16 and 17, 2015, UPRR issued a formal notice of the termination of the concrete tie supply agreement as well as the termination of the lease agreement at the Tucson, AZ production facility and rejection and revocation of its prior acceptance of certain ties manufactured at the Company’s Spokane, WA production facility. Since that time, UPRR has discontinued submitting purchase orders to the Company for shipment of warranty replacement ties.

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On May 29, 2015, the Company and CXT filed an Answer, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims in response to the Complaint, denying liability to UPRR. As a result of UPRR’s subsequent June 16-17, 2015 actions and certain related conduct, the Company on October 5, 2015 amended the pending Answer, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims to add, among other things, assertions that UPRR’s conduct in question was wrongful and unjustified and constituted additional grounds for the affirmative defenses to UPRR’s claims and also for the Company’s counterclaims.

2016

By Scheduling Order dated June 29, 2016, an August 31, 2017 deadline for the completion of fact discovery was established with trial to proceed at some future date after October 30, 2017, and UPRR filed an amended notice of trial to commence on October 30, 2017.

2017

By Third Amended Scheduling Order dated September 26, 2017, a June 29, 2018 deadline for completion of discovery has been established with trial to proceed at some future date on or after October 1, 2018. During the first nine months ended September 30, 2017, the parties continued to conduct discovery, with various disputes that required and will likely require court resolution. The Company intends to continue to engage in discussions in an effort to resolve the UPRR matter. However, we cannot predict that such discussions will be successful, or that the results of the litigation with UPRR, or any settlement or judgment amounts, will reasonably approximate our estimated accruals for loss contingencies. Future potential costs pertaining to UPRR’s claims and the outcome of the UPRR litigation could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

As a result of the preliminary status of the litigation and the uncertainty of any potential judgment, an estimate of any additional loss, or a range of additional loss, associated with this litigation cannot be made based upon currently available information.

Environmental and Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to national, state, foreign, provincial, and/or local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company’s efforts to comply with environmental regulations may have an adverse effect on its future earnings. On June 5, 2017, a General Notice Letter was received from the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") indicating that the Company may be a potentially responsible party regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site cleanup along with numerous other companies. The Company is reviewing the basis for its identification by the EPA and the nature of the historic operations of an L.B. Foster predecessor on the site. Management does not believe that compliance with the present environmental protection laws will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, competitive position, or capital expenditures of the Company.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company maintained environmental reserves approximating $6,255 and $6,270, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

	Environmental liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	6,270
Additions to environmental obligations	7
Environmental obligations utilized	(22		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	6,255

The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Legal actions are subject to inherent uncertainties, and future events could change management's assessment of the probability or estimated amount of potential losses from pending or threatened legal actions. Based on available information, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of pending or threatened legal actions, both individually and in the aggregate, will not result in losses having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or liquidity at September 30, 2017.

If management believes that, based on available information, it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss (or additional material loss in excess of any accrual) will be incurred in connection with any legal actions, the Company discloses an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, either individually or in the aggregate, as appropriate, if such an estimate can be made, or discloses that an estimate cannot be made. Based on the Company's assessment at September 30, 2017, no such disclosures were considered necessary.

21

14. INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $208 on pretax income of $3,014 and $3,379 on pretax losses of $9,361, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of (6.9)% and 36.1%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $698 on pretax income of $4,522 and an income tax benefit of $42,125 on pretax losses of $142,935, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 15.4% and 29.5%, respectively. The Company’s tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is primarily comprised of taxes on our Canadian and United Kingdom operations. However, as a result of the U.S. consolidated group's current year income, the Company's estimated annual effective tax rate was adjusted during the third quarter to include the realization of a portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets previously offset by a valuation allowance. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets, which is likely to result in significant variability of the effective tax rate in the current year. Changes in pretax income projections and the mix of income across jurisdictions could also impact the effective tax rate.

15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management evaluated all of the activity of the Company and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

22

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Many of the forward-looking statements are located in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Sentences containing words such as “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” or their negatives, or other similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature generally should be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may concern, among other things, L.B. Foster Company’s (the “Company”) expectations relating to our strategy, goals, projections, and plans regarding our financial position, liquidity, capital resources and results of operations; the outcome of litigation and product warranty claims; decisions regarding our strategic growth initiatives, market position, and product development; all of which are based on current estimates that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. The Company has based these forward-looking statements on current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the Company considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, and other risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company cautions readers that various factors could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Among the factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are risks and uncertainties related to: environmental matters, including any costs associated with any remediation and monitoring; a resumption of the economic slowdown we have experienced in the previous two years in the markets we serve; the risk of doing business in international markets; our ability to effectuate our strategy, including cost reduction initiatives, and our ability to effectively integrate acquired businesses and realize anticipated benefits; costs of and impacts associated with shareholder activism; a decrease in freight or passenger rail traffic; the timeliness and availability of materials from our major suppliers as well as the impact on our access to supplies of customer preferences as to the origin of such supplies, such as customers' concerns about conflict minerals; labor disputes; the continuing effective implementation of an enterprise resource planning system; changes in current accounting estimates and their ultimate outcomes; the adequacy of internal and external sources of funds to meet financing needs, including our ability to negotiate any additional necessary amendments to our credit agreement; the Company’s ability to manage its working capital requirements and indebtedness; domestic and international taxes, including estimates that may impact these amounts; foreign currency fluctuations; inflation; domestic and foreign government regulations; economic conditions and regulatory changes caused by the United Kingdom’s pending exit from the European Union; sustained declines in energy prices; a lack of state or federal funding for new infrastructure projects; an increase in manufacturing or material costs; the ultimate number of concrete ties that will have to be replaced pursuant to the previously disclosed product warranty claim of the Union Pacific Railroad (“UPRR”) and an overall resolution of the related contract claims as well as the possible costs associated with the outcome of the lawsuit filed by the UPRR; the loss of future revenues from current customers; and risks inherent in litigation. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual outcomes could vary materially from those indicated. Significant risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, and results of the Company’s business and forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by the federal securities laws.

General Overview

L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for the transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is comprised of three business segments: Rail Products and Services, Construction Products, and Tubular and Energy Services.

23

Quarter-to-Date Results

The segment gross profit measures presented within Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") tables constitute non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by management to provide investors and other users information to evaluate the performance of the Company’s segments on a more comparable basis to market trends and peers. The exclusion of significant cost allocations to the reportable segments:

• Allows users to understand the operational performance of our reportable segments;

• Provides greater comparability to other registrants with similar businesses and avoids possible non-comparability at the reportable segment pre-tax profit level resulting from our specific corporate cost allocations; and

• Facilitates a clearer, market-based perspective on the strength or weakness of our reportable segments in their markets to better aid in investment decisions.

In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures have historically been key metrics utilized by segment managers to monitor selling prices and quantities as well as production and service costs to better evaluate key profitability drivers and trends that may develop due to industry and competitive conditions.

Three months ended September 30, 2017	Rail Products and Services			Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services			Total
Reportable Segment Profit	$	3,472		$	3,387	$	2,298		$	9,157
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative	9,405			4,620		3,337			17,362
Amortization Expense	940			38		786			1,764
Asset Impairments	—			—		—			—
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit	$	13,817		$	8,045	$	6,421		$	28,283
Three months ended September 30, 2016	Rail Products and Services			Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services			Total
Reportable Segment (Loss) Profit	$	(2,047	)	$	1,356	$	(6,966	)	$	(7,657	)
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative	8,926			4,783		4,290			17,999
Amortization Expense	958			38		767			1,763
Asset Impairments	4,383			—		2,563			6,946
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit	$	12,220		$	6,177	$	654		$	19,051

24

							Percent of Total Net Sales
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016		2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales:
Rail Products and Services	$	62,095		$	56,891		47.2	%	49.6	%	9.1	%
Construction Products	39,118			34,870			29.7		30.4		12.2
Tubular and Energy Services	30,279			22,883			23.1		20.0		32.3
Total net sales	$	131,492		$	114,644		100.0	%	100.0	%	14.7	%
							Non-GAAP / Reported Gross Profit Percentage				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016		2017 vs. 2016
Gross Profit:
Non-GAAP Rail Products and Services	$	13,817		$	12,220		22.3	%	21.5	%	13.1	%
Non-GAAP Construction Products	8,045			6,177			20.6		17.7		30.2
Non-GAAP Tubular and Energy Services	6,421			654			21.2		2.9		**
Non-GAAP Segment gross profit	28,283			19,051
LIFO (expense) income	(1,552		)	917			(1.2	)	0.8		**
Other	(366		)	(165		)	(0.3	)	(0.1	)	121.8
Total gross profit	$	26,365		$	19,803		20.1	%	17.3	%	33.1	%
											Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
							Percent of Total Net Sales
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016		2017 vs. 2016
Expenses:
Selling and administrative expenses	$	20,218		$	19,807		15.4	%	17.3	%	2.1	%
Amortization expense	1,764			1,763			1.3		1.5		0.1
Asset impairments	—			6,946			—		6.1		(100.0	)
Interest expense	2,026			1,520			1.5		1.3		33.3
Interest income	(56		)	(50		)	—		—		12.0
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments	(50		)	263			—		0.2		(119.0	)
Other income	(551		)	(1,085		)	(0.4	)	(0.9	)	49.2
Total expenses	$	23,351		$	29,164		17.8	%	25.4	%	(19.9	)%
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	3,014		$	(9,361	)	2.3	%	(8.2	)%	132.2	%
Income tax benefit	(208		)	(3,379		)	(0.2	)	(2.9	)	93.8
Net income (loss)	$	3,222		$	(5,982	)	2.5	%	(5.2	)%	153.9	%

** Results of calculation are not considered meaningful for presentation purposes.

25

Third Quarter 2017 Compared to Third Quarter 2016 – Company Analysis

Net sales of $131,492 for the period ended September 30, 2017 increased by $16,848, or 14.7%, compared to the prior year quarter. The change was attributable to increases of 32.3%, 12.2%, and 9.1%, in Tubular and Energy Services, Construction Products, and Rail Products and Services, respectively.

Gross profit margin for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 was 20.1% or 280 basis points (“bps”) higher than the prior year quarter. Each of the three segments contributed to the increase with gains of 1,830 bps, 290 bps, and 80 bps, in Tubular and Energy Services, Construction Products, and Rail Products and Services, respectively.

Selling and administrative expenses increased by $411 or 2.1% from the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by personnel related spending of $821, which was partially offset by reduced litigation costs related to the Union Pacific Railroad ("UPRR") matter of $468.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded total non-cash asset impairments of $6,946 from goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets.

Interest expense, net of interest income, increased by $500, or 34.0%, as a result of the increase in interest rates on outstanding debt. Other income decreased $534, or 49.2%, which primarily relates to losses on foreign exchange as the Canadian Dollar has strengthened compared to the United States Dollar versus the prior year period.

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 was (6.9)%, compared to 36.1% in the prior year quarter. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $208, compared to $3,379 in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The Company's income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily related to changes in our estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets.

Net income for the third quarter of 2017 was $3,222, or $0.31 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $5,982, or $0.58 per diluted share, in the prior year quarter. The following table provides a reconciliation of the GAAP earnings per share value to the non-GAAP adjusted earnings¹ per share value for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016
	(Unaudited)
Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Reconciliation
Net income (loss), as reported	$	3,222	$	(5,982	)
Asset impairments, net of tax benefits of $1,000	—		5,946
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	3,222	$	(36	)
Average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted	10,479		10,296
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as reported	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as adjusted	$	0.31	$	(0.00	)

¹ All results in this Quarterly Report that exclude asset impairment charges are non-GAAP measures used for management reporting purposes. Management believes that these measures provide useful information to investors because they will assist investors in evaluating earnings performance on a comparable year-over-year basis.

26

Results of Operations – Segment Analysis

Rail Products and Services

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase			Percent Increase
	2017			2016			2017 vs. 2016			2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales	$	62,095		$	56,891		$	5,204		9.1	%
Segment Profit (Loss)	$	3,472		$	(2,047	)	$	5,519		269.6	%
Segment Profit (Loss) Percentage	5.6		%	(3.6		)%	9.2		%	255.6	%

Third Quarter 2017 Compared to Third Quarter 2016

Rail Products and Services segment sales increased by $5,204, or 9.1%, compared to the prior year period. The sales increase was primarily driven domestically by a $3,037 increase in our distribution business, which experienced increased demand as overall tonnage sold increased compared to the prior period, and Allegheny Rail Products, which increased by $2,017, following a 76% demand increase from Class 1 railroads.

The Rail Products and Services segment profit increased by $5,519 to 5.6% of net sales. The increase was primarily attributable to 2016 impairment charges of $4,383 related to Rail Technologies goodwill. Non-GAAP gross profit increased $1,597, or 13.1%, as a result of increased domestic distribution volumes.

During the current quarter, the Rail Products and Services segment had an increase in new orders of 44.5% compared to the prior year period, while backlog was $85,764 at September 30, 2017, an increase of 60.6%, compared to $53,392 at September 30, 2016. The Company is encouraged by continuing positive trends signaling a recovering freight rail market in North America and strength in the transit system projects globally.

Construction Products

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase			Percent Increase
	2017			2016			2017 vs. 2016			2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales	$	39,118		$	34,870		$	4,248		12.2	%
Segment Profit	$	3,387		$	1,356		$	2,031		149.8	%
Segment Profit Percentage	8.7		%	3.9		%	4.8		%	123.1	%

Third Quarter 2017 Compared to Third Quarter 2016

Construction Products segment sales increased by $4,248, or 12.2%, compared to the prior year period. Fabricated Bridge and Precast Concrete Products businesses increased by $4,411 and $1,185, respectively. Fabricated Bridge generated favorable sales in the current quarter due to bridge form projects as well as the continuation of the Peace Bridge project. Precast Concrete Products was favorably impacted by increased building sales to state agencies. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in Piling sales of $1,348, primarily related to lower sheet piling volumes.

The Construction Products segment profit increased by $2,031 to 8.7% of net sales. The increase was primarily volume related, improved manufacturing efficiencies, and to a lesser extent, reduced selling and administrative expenses of $163, or 3.4%. Non-GAAP gross profit increased by $1,868, or 30.2%, which was a result of volume increases and manufacturing efficiencies reducing costs.

During the quarter, the Construction Products segment had a decrease in new orders of 11.1% compared to the prior year period. The decrease related to a 47.8% reduction Piling orders due to lower sheet piling demand. This was partially offset by increased new orders of 228.9% and 10.7% for our Fabricated Bridge and Precast Concrete Products businesses, respectively. Ending backlog in the Construction segment decreased by 1.1% to $74,910 from the prior year period.

27

Tubular and Energy Services

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase			Percent Increase
	2017			2016			2017 vs. 2016			2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales	$	30,279		$	22,883		$	7,396		32.3	%
Segment Profit (Loss)	$	2,298		$	(6,966	)	$	9,264		133.0	%
Segment Profit (Loss) Percentage	7.6		%	(30.4		)%	38.0		%	125.0	%

Third Quarter 2017 Compared to Third Quarter 2016

Tubular and Energy Services segment sales increased by $7,396, or 32.3%, compared to the prior year period. The increase related to strong bookings from Protective Coatings and Test and Inspection Services businesses, partially offset by a decrease in Precision Measurement Systems sales. The quarter showed continued improvement within the upstream oil and gas market. Sales in the Precision Measurement Systems business are below prior year, although order input was very strong in the quarter as backlog is now 99.7% above prior year levels.

Tubular and Energy Services segment profit increased by $9,264, or 133.0%, compared to the prior year quarter. The quarter was favorably impacted by non-GAAP gross profit of $5,767 over the prior year period, with increases from each division within the segment. The prior year was negatively affected by impairment charges of $2,563 for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

The Tubular and Energy Services segment had an increase in new orders of 97.1% compared to the prior year period. Orders for Precision Measurement Systems, Test and Inspection Services, and Protective Coatings increased 147.1%, 129.6%, and 89.2%, respectively. The upstream oil and gas market continues to show signs of recovery. We continue to be encouraged by increased order activity in the midstream market as well.

On July 31, 2017, the lease at our Birmingham, Alabama facility expired. During the third quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company negotiated a lease renewal for this facility. The renewal is for a term of five years and is scheduled to expire July 31, 2022.

28

Year-to-Date Results

The segment gross profit measures presented within the MD&A tables constitute non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by management to provide investors and other users information to evaluate the performance of the Company’s segments on a more comparable basis to market trends and peers. The exclusion of significant cost allocations to the reportable segments:

• Allows users to understand the operational performance of our reportable segments;

• Provides greater comparability to other registrants with similar businesses and avoids possible non-comparability at the reportable segment pre-tax profit level resulting from our specific corporate cost allocations; and

• Facilitates a clearer, market-based perspective on the strength or weakness of our reportable segments in their markets to better aid in investment decisions.

In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures have historically been key metrics utilized by segment managers to monitor selling prices and quantities as well as production and service costs to better evaluate key profitability drivers and trends that may develop due to industry and competitive conditions.

Nine months ended September 30, 2017	Rail Products and Services			Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services			Total
Reportable Segment Profit	$	8,938		$	9,156	$	1,774		$	19,868
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative	27,355			13,835		11,711			52,901
Amortization Expense	2,747			113		2,358			5,218
Asset Impairments	—			—		—			—
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit	$	39,040		$	23,104	$	15,843		$	77,987
Nine months ended September 30, 2016	Rail Products and Services			Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services			Total
Reportable Segment (Loss) Profit	$	(26,474	)	$	5,748	$	(111,876	)	$	(132,602	)
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative	31,854			14,781		12,891			59,526
Amortization Expense	2,946			113		4,759			7,818
Asset Impairments	32,725			—		103,159			135,884
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit	$	41,051		$	20,642	$	8,933		$	70,626

29

							Percent of Total Net Sales
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016		2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales:
Rail Products and Services	$	187,922		$	188,686		47.6	%	50.1	%	(0.4	)%
Construction Products	121,905			107,098			30.9		28.4		13.8
Tubular and Energy Services	85,227			81,164			21.5		21.5		5.0
Total net sales	$	395,054		$	376,948		100.0	%	100.0	%	4.8	%
							Non-GAAP / Reported Gross Profit Percentage				Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016		2017 vs. 2016
Gross Profit:
Non-GAAP Rail Products and Services	$	39,040		$	41,051		20.8	%	21.8	%	(4.9	)%
Non-GAAP Construction Products	23,104			20,642			19.0		19.3		11.9
Non-GAAP Tubular and Energy Services	15,843			8,933			18.6		11.0		77.4
Non-GAAP Segment gross profit	77,987			70,626
LIFO (expense) income	(1,733		)	1,442			(0.4	)	0.4		(220.2	)
Other	(901		)	(492		)	(0.2	)	(0.1	)	83.1
Total gross profit	$	75,353		$	71,576		19.1	%	19.0	%	5.3	%
											Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
							Percent of Total Net Sales
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016		2017 vs. 2016
Expenses:
Selling and administrative expenses	$	60,023		$	65,941		15.2	%	17.5	%	(9.0	)%
Amortization expense	5,218			7,818			1.3		2.1		(33.3	)
Asset impairments	—			135,884			—		36.0		(100.0	)
Interest expense	6,315			4,342			1.6		1.2		45.4
Interest income	(166		)	(157		)	—		—		5.7
Equity in loss of nonconsolidated investments	5			946			—		0.3		(99.5	)
Other income	(564		)	(263		)	(0.1	)	(0.1	)	114.4
Total expenses	$	70,831		$	214,511		17.9	%	56.9	%	(67.0	)%
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	4,522		$	(142,935	)	1.1	%	(37.9	)%	103.2	%
Income tax expense (benefit)	698			(42,125		)	0.2		(11.2	)	101.7
Net income (loss)	$	3,824		$	(100,810	)	1.0	%	(26.7	)%	103.8	%

30

First Nine Months of 2017 Compared to First Nine Months of 2016 – Company Analysis

Net sales of $395,054 for the period ended September 30, 2017 increased by $18,106, or 4.8%, compared to the prior year period. The change was attributable to increases of 13.8% and 5.0% in the Construction Products and Tubular and Energy Services segments, respectively. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of 0.4% in the Rail Products and Services segment.

Gross profit margin for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017 was 19.1% or 10 bps higher than the prior year period. The increase was due to a 760 bps improvement within the Tubular and Energy Services segment. The increase was partially offset by reductions of 100 bps and 30 bps, in Rail Products and Services and Construction Products, respectively.

Selling and administrative expenses decreased by $5,918 or 9.0% from the prior year. All three segments experienced decreases which were primarily driven by personnel and discretionary spending reductions of $4,021 and reduced litigation costs related to the UPRR matter of $1,419.

Amortization decreased $2,600, or 33.3%, as a result of the June 1, 2016 interim intangible asset impairment test, which was finalized during the three months ended September 30, 2016, resulting in a $59,786 impairment of definite-lived intangible assets. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2016, the Company recorded total non-cash asset impairments of $135,884 from goodwill, definite-lived intangible assets, and property, plant, and equipment.

Interest expense, net of interest income, increased by $1,964, or 46.9%, as a result of the increase in interest rates on outstanding debt. Other income increased by $301, or 114.4%, which primarily related to the gain on the sale of certain assets, which was partially offset by the impact of a weaker United States Dollar relative to the Canadian Dollar in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017 was 15.4%, compared to 29.5% in the prior year period. For the first nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017, the Company recorded a tax provision of $698, compared to a tax benefit of $42,125 in the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2016. The Company’s tax provision for thenine months endedSeptember 30, 2017was primarily comprised of taxes on our Canadian and United Kingdom operations. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets.

Net income for the first nine months of 2017 was $3,824, or $0.37 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $100,810, or $9.82 per diluted share, in the prior year period. The following table provides a reconciliation of the GAAP earnings per share value to the non-GAAP adjusted earnings¹ per share value for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016
	(Unaudited)
Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Reconciliation
Net income (loss), as reported	$	3,824	$	(100,810	)
Asset impairments, net of tax benefits of $39,038	—		96,846
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	3,824	$	(3,964	)
Average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted	10,435		10,264
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as reported	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as adjusted	$	0.37	$	(0.39	)

¹ All results in this Quarterly Report that exclude asset impairment charges are non-GAAP measures used for management reporting purposes. Management believes that these measures provide useful information to investors because they will assist investors in evaluating earnings performance on a comparable year-over-year basis.

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Results of Operations – Segment Analysis

Rail Products and Services

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						(Decrease)/Increase			Percent (Decrease)/Increase
	2017			2016			2017 vs. 2016			2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales	$	187,922		$	188,686		$	(764	)	(0.4	)%
Segment Profit (Loss)	$	8,938		$	(26,474	)	$	35,412		133.8	%
Segment Profit (Loss) Percentage	4.8		%	(14.0		)%	18.8		%	134.3	%

First Nine Months of 2017 Compared to First Nine Months of 2016

Rail Products and Services segment sales decreased $764, or 0.4%, compared to the prior year period. The reduction in sales is primarily related to a decrease in our domestic businesses of $5,956, or 4.3%. The sales declines were primarily volume driven by the domestic freight rail and transit markets. Our domestic rail distribution business was unfavorably impacted by both volume and pricing compared to the prior year period. The sales decrease was partially offset by sales increases in our foreign divisions of $5,192, or 10.6%, as we saw favorable results in both our Canadian and European markets.

The Rail Products and Services segment profit increased by $35,412 to 4.8% of net sales. The increase was primarily attributable to a reduction in selling, administrative, and allocated expenses of $4,430, or 13.9%, and the 2016 impairment charges of $32,725 related to Rail Technologies goodwill. This was partially offset by a decline in non-GAAP gross profit of $2,011, or 4.9%, which was primarily related to volume reductions and product mix within domestic transit products, as well as service related cost increases in our domestic Rail Technologies business.

During the current year, the Rail Products and Services segment had an increase in new orders of 28.9% compared to the prior year period. The increase impacted each of the three business units within the segment and grew the backlog balance to $85,764 at September 30, 2017, a 60.6% increase over the prior year. The Company is also encouraged by positive signs from order activity and resulting backlog during the first nine months of 2017.

Construction Products

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase			Percent Increase
	2017			2016			2017 vs. 2016			2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales	$	121,905		$	107,098		$	14,807		13.8	%
Segment Profit	$	9,156		$	5,748		$	3,408		59.3	%
Segment Profit Percentage	7.5		%	5.4		%	2.1		%	38.9	%

First Nine Months of 2017 Compared to First Nine Months of 2016

Construction Products segment sales increased by $14,807, or 13.8%, compared to the prior year period. The increase related to Fabricated Bridge and Piling businesses of $9,428 and $7,112, respectively. Fabricated Bridge continued to have favorable sales in the current year due to several projects, including the continuation of the Peace Bridge project. The increase in Piling was primarily due to demand within the sheet piling product line. These increases were offset by a reduction in Precast Concrete Products sales of $1,733.

The Construction Products segment profit increased by $3,408 to 7.5% of net sales. The increase related to reductions in selling, administrative, and allocated expenses of $947, or 6.4%. Non-GAAP gross profit increased $2,462, or 11.9%, which was primarily due to the increased volumes from the Fabricated Bridge and Piling businesses within the period.

During the period, the Construction Products segment had a decrease in new orders of 8.7% compared to the prior year period. Prior year Fabricated Bridge orders included the $15,000 Peace Bridge project. Piling saw a 6.3% reduction in new orders compared to the prior year from recent declines in sheet piling demand. The Precast Concrete Products business saw an increase in new orders of 10.7% primarily from building orders from state agencies. The Construction Products segment had backlog at September 30, 2017 of $74,910, a 1.1% decrease over the prior year.

32

Tubular and Energy Services

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase			Percent Increase
	2017			2016			2017 vs. 2016			2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales	$	85,227		$	81,164		$	4,063		5.0	%
Segment Profit (Loss)	$	1,774		$	(111,876	)	$	113,650		101.6	%
Segment Profit (Loss) Percentage	2.1		%	(137.8		)%	139.9		%	101.5	%

First Nine Months of 2017 Compared to First Nine Months of 2016

Tubular and Energy Services segment sales increased $4,063, or 5.0%, compared to the prior year period. The increase related to growth from Test and Inspection Services and Protective Coating businesses, partially offset by a decrease in Precision Measurement Systems. The period showed increased new well count and demand within the upstream oil and gas market, but was negatively impacted by a lag in the recovery of Precision Measurement Systems for midstream applications.

Tubular and Energy Services segment profit increases by $113,650, or 101.6%, compared to the prior year period. The period was favorably impacted by a reduction in amortization expense of $2,401 from the 2016 definite-lived intangible asset impairment. The prior period was also negatively affected by impairment charges of $103,159 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Segment profit was also favorably impacted by a non-GAAP gross profit increase of $6,910, or 77.4%.

The Tubular and Energy Services segment had an increase in new orders of 47.6% compared to the prior year period. Orders for Protective Coatings and Test and Inspection Services businesses increased by 151.2% and 107.5%, respectively. The upstream oil and gas market continued its recovery. We are also encouraged by positive trends in midstream order activity as we ended the nine-month period.

On July 31, 2017, the lease at our Birmingham, Alabama facility expired. During the third quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company negotiated a lease renewal for this facility. The renewal is for a term of five years and is scheduled to expire July 31, 2022.

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Other

Segment Backlog

Total Company backlog is summarized by business segment in the following table for the periods indicated:

	Backlog
	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	85,764	$	62,743	$	53,392
Construction Products	74,910		71,954		75,762
Tubular and Energy Services	28,931		12,759		14,650
Total Backlog	$	189,605	$	147,456	$	143,804

While a considerable portion of our business is backlog-driven, certain product lines within the Rail Products and Services and Tubular and Energy Services segments are not driven by backlog and therefore have insignificant levels throughout the year.

Warranty

As of September 30, 2017, the Company maintained a total product warranty reserve of $9,614 for its estimate of all potential product warranty claims. Of this total, $7,607 reflects the current estimate of the Company’s exposure for potential concrete tie warranty claims. While the Company believes this is a reasonable estimate of its potential exposure related to identified concrete tie warranty matters, the Company may incur future charges associated with new customer claims or further development of information of existing customer claims. Thus, there can be no assurance that future potential costs pertaining to warranty claims will not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. See Note 13 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Total debt was $138,285 and $159,565 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and was primarily comprised of borrowings on our revolving credit facility and term loan.

Our need for liquidity relates primarily to working capital requirements for operations, capital expenditures, joint venture capital obligations, debt service obligations, and share repurchases as authorized by the Board of Directors and as permitted under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015.

The change in cash and cash equivalents for the periods ended September 30 are as follows:

	September 30,
	2017			2016
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	27,516		$	11,876
Net cash used by investing activities	(3,947		)	(6,219		)
Net cash used by financing activities	(21,384		)	(35,470		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	2,460			152
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	4,645		$	(29,661	)

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

During the current 2017nine-month period, cash flows provided by operating activities were $27,516 compared to $11,876 during the prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, income and adjustments to income from operating activities provided $18,985 compared to $15,976 in the 2016 period. Working capital and other assets and liabilities provided $8,531 in the current period compared to a use of $4,100 in the prior year period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company received $9,946 and $1,827 from our 2016 and 2015 federal income tax refunds, respectively.

The Company’s calculation for days sales outstanding at September 30, 2017 was 50 days compared to 53 days at December 31, 2017, and we believe our receivables portfolio is strong.

34

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $5,335 and $6,507, respectively. The current year expenditures relate to trackside rail lubricator units installed as part of a new multi-year service contract and general plant and operational improvements. Expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the Birmingham, AL inside diameter coating line upgrade and application development of the Company’s new enterprise resource planning system. During nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company received $1,388 in proceeds from the sale of certain property, plant, and equipment as compared to $923 in the prior year period. The Company also loaned $635 to our joint venture, L B Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC (“L B Pipe JV”), as of September 30, 2016.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $21,281, primarily related to payments against the revolving credit facility as well as the application of the $9,946 federal income tax refund and quarterly principle payments against the term loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $33,125, primarily related to payments against the revolving credit facility. Treasury stock acquisitions represent income tax withholdings from employees in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards. Cash outflows related to dividends were $1,244 for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016.

Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2017, we had $35,008 in cash and cash equivalents and a domestic credit facility with $46,081 of net availability while we had $138,285 in total debt. We believe this liquidity will provide the flexibility to operate the business in a prudent manner, and enable us to continue to service our revolving credit facility and term loan.

Our cash management priority continues to be short-term maturities and the preservation of our principal balances. Approximately $33,976 of our cash and cash equivalents was held in non-domestic bank accounts, and, under current law, the foreign cash would be subject to U.S. federal income taxes less applicable foreign tax credits upon repatriation.

On November 7, 2016, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015 and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016 (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”), with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company. This Second Amendment modified the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which had a maximum revolving credit line of $275,000.

The Second Amendment reduced the permitted revolving credit borrowings to $195,000 and provided for additional term loan borrowings of $30,000 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan is subject to quarterly straight line amortization until fully paid off upon the final payment on January 1, 2020. Furthermore, certain matters, including excess cash flow, asset sales, and equity issuances, trigger mandatory prepayments to the Term Loan. Term Loan borrowings are not available to draw upon once they have been repaid. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Second Amendment or Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as applicable.

The Second Amendment further provided for modifications to the financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment calls for the elimination of the Maximum Leverage Ratio covenant through the quarter ending June 30, 2018. After that period, the Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio covenant will be reinstated to require a maximum ratio of 4.25 Consolidated Indebtedness to 1.00 Gross Leverage for the quarter ending September 30, 2018, and 3.75 to 1.00 for all periods thereafter until the maturity date of the credit facility. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Last Twelve Months EBITDA (as defined by the Amendment) covenant (“Minimum EBITDA”). For the quarter ended December 31, 2016 through the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Minimum EBITDA must be at least $18,500. For each quarter thereafter, through the quarter ending June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will increase by various increments. The incremental Minimum EBITDA requirement for the period ending September 30, 2017 must be at least $23,000. During the third quarter ended September 30, 2017, the rolling 12-month EBITDA calculation, as defined by the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, was $32,063. At June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will be $31,000. After the quarter ending June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA covenant will be eliminated through the maturity of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenant. The covenant represents the ratio of the Company’s fixed charges to the last twelve months of EBITDA, and is required to be a minimum of 1.00 to 1.00 through the quarter ending December 31, 2017 and 1.25 to 1.00 for each quarter thereafter through the maturity of the credit facility. The final financial covenant included in the Second Amendment is a Minimum Liquidity covenant which calls for a minimum of $25,000 in undrawn availability on the revolving credit loan at all times through the quarter ending June 30, 2018.

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The Second Amendment includes several changes to certain non-financial covenants, as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Through the maturity date of the loan, the Company is now prohibited from making any future acquisitions. The limitation on permitted annual distributions of dividends or redemptions of the Company’s stock was decreased from $4,000 to $1,700. The aggregate limitation on loans to and investments in non-loan parties was decreased from $10,000 to $5,000. Furthermore, the limitation on asset sales has been decreased from $25,000 annually with a carryover of up to $15,000 from the prior year to $25,000 in the aggregate through the maturity date of the credit facility.

The Second Amendment provided for the elimination of the three lowest tiers of the pricing grid that had previously been defined in the First Amendment. Upon execution of the Second Amendment through the quarter ending March 31, 2018, the Company will be locked into the highest tier of the pricing grid, which provides for pricing of the prime rate plus 225 basis points on base rate loans and the applicable LIBOR rate plus 325 basis points on euro rate loans. For each quarter after March 31, 2018 and through the maturity date of the credit facility, the Company’s position on the pricing grid will be governed by a Minimum Net Leverage ratio, which is the ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness less cash on hand in excess of $15,000 to EBITDA. If, after March 31, 2018, the Minimum Net Leverage ratio positions the Company on the lowest tier of the pricing grid, pricing will be the prime rate plus 150 basis points on base rate loans or the applicable LIBOR rate plus 250 basis points on euro rate loans.

To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The swaps became effective on February 28, 2017 at which point they effectively convert a portion of the debt from variable to fixed-rate borrowings during the term of the swap contract. At September 30, 2017, the swap liability was $323 compared to $334 as of December 31, 2016.

Cost in Excess of Net Assets Acquired

At September 30, 2017, L.B. Foster had $19,699 of goodwill on its consolidated balance sheet. Of the total, $14,552 related to the Rail Products and Services segment and $5,147 related to the Construction Products segment. Goodwill is reviewed annually in the fourth quarter of each year for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The Company recorded a $32,725 partial goodwill impairment related to the Rail Products and Services segment during the year ended December 31, 2016. Based on considerations of current year financial results, including consideration of macroeconomic conditions, such as performance of the Company’s stock price, we do not believe that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair values of these reporting units have decreased below their carrying values at September 30, 2017. Consequently, management concluded that none of the Company’s reporting units experienced any triggering event that would have required a step one interim goodwill impairment analysis at September 30, 2017. However, the previously recorded partial impairment included assumptions for certain market recoveries throughout the years ending December 31, 2017 and 2018, if these recoveries do not fully develop, the Rail Products and Services segment may require an incremental goodwill impairment.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. When more than one accounting principle, or method of its application, is generally accepted, management selects the principle or method that, in its opinion, is appropriate in the Company’s specific circumstances. Application of these accounting principles requires management to reach opinions regarding estimates about the future resolution of existing uncertainties. As a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. In preparing these financial statements, management has reached its opinions regarding the best estimates and judgments of the amounts and disclosures included in the financial statements giving due regard to materiality. There have been no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies or estimates since December 31, 2016. A summary of the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements include operating leases, purchase obligations, and standby letters of credit. A schedule of the Company’s required payments under financial instruments and other commitments as of December 31, 2016 is included in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no material changes to these off-balance sheet arrangements during the current quarter. These arrangements provide the Company with increased flexibility relative to the utilization and investment of cash resources.

36

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to risks that increases in interest rates may adversely affect funding costs associated with its variable-rate debt. To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on a portion of this variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting interest rate swap agreements which effectively convert a portion of the debt from a variable to a fixed-rate borrowing during the term of the swap contracts. See Note 9 Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a 1% change in the interest rate for variable rate debt as of September 30, 2017 would increase or decrease interest expense by approximately $1,069.

The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. It does enter into interest rate hedges to reduce the risk in the variability of interest rate fluctuations. At contract inception, the Company designates its derivative instruments as hedges. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. Fluctuations in the fair values of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings within other income as the underlying hedged items affect earnings. To the extent that a change in a derivative does not perfectly offset the change in the value of the interest rate being hedged, the ineffective portion is recognized in earnings immediately.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a current liability of $323 and $334, respectively, related to its LIBOR-based interest rate swap agreements.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The Company is subject to exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company may manage its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on firm sale and purchase commitments by entering into foreign currency forward contracts. The Company’s risk management objective is to reduce its exposure to the effects of changes in exchange rates on these transactions over the duration of the transactions. The Company did not engage in foreign currency hedging transactions during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

L.B. Foster Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2017. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, or person performing such functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our “internal control over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" will have on our internal control over financial reporting at the January 1, 2018 adoption date.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

37

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 13 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, financial results, or future performance. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially affect our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company’s purchases of equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were as follows:

	Total number of shares purchased (1)	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (2)	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
July 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017	—	$	—	—	$	29,933
August 1, 2017 - August 31, 2017	324	18.40		—	29,933
September 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017	—	—		—	29,933
Total	324	$	18.40	—	$	29,933

(1) Shares withheld by the Company to pay taxes upon vesting of restricted stock. These shares do not impact the remaining authorization to repurchase shares under approved plans or programs.

(2) On December 9, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000 of the Company’s common shares until December 31, 2017. This authorization became effective January 1, 2016. The $30,000 repurchase authorization is restricted under the terms of the Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015. Dividends, distributions, and redemptions under the Second Amendment are capped at a maximum annual amount of $1,700 throughout the life of the repurchase authorization. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, there were no share repurchases as part of the authorized program.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

This item is not applicable to the Company.

38

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index below.

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Second Amendment dated November 7, 2016 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015, and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016, among Registrant and PNC Bank N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 8, 2016, File No. 0-10436.
10.2	Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
*31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.0	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
*101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Exhibits marked with an asterisk are filed herewith.

39

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		L.B. FOSTER COMPANY
		(Registrant)
Date:	November 8, 2017	By: /s/ James P. Maloney
		James P. Maloney
		Senior Vice President,
		Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer
		(Duly Authorized Officer of Registrant)

40

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification under Section 302 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Robert P. Bauer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of L.B. Foster Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 8, 2017	/s/ Robert P. Bauer
		Name: Robert P. Bauer
		Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification under Section 302 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, James P. Maloney, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of L.B. Foster Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 8, 2017	/s/ James P. Maloney
		Name: James P. Maloney
		Title: Senior Vice President,
		Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

EX-32.0

Exhibit 32.0

CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned certify pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	November 8, 2017	/s/ Robert P. Bauer
		Name: Robert P. Bauer
		Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	November 8, 2017	/s/ James P. Maloney
		Name: James P. Maloney
		Title: Senior Vice President,
		Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Oct. 31, 2017
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Registrant Name	FOSTER L B CO
Entity Central Index Key	0000352825
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,340,576
Trading Symbol	fstr

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 35,008	$ 30,363
Accounts receivable - net	79,324	66,632
Inventories - net	104,035	83,243
Prepaid income tax	1,048	14,166
Other current assets	9,986	5,200
Total current assets	229,401	199,604
Property, plant, and equipment - net	98,536	103,973
Other assets:
Goodwill	19,699	18,932
Other intangibles - net	59,135	63,519
Investments	151	4,031
Other assets	2,242	2,964
Total assets	409,164	393,023
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	59,825	37,744
Deferred revenue	11,038	7,597
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	10,353	7,497
Accrued warranty	9,614	10,154
Current maturities of long-term debt	9,887	10,386
Other accrued liabilities	8,452	8,953
Total current liabilities	109,169	82,331
Long-term debt	128,398	149,179
Deferred tax liabilities	11,044	11,371
Other long-term liabilities	16,734	16,891
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01, authorized 20,000,000 shares; shares issued at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 11,115,779; shares outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 10,340,576 and 10,312,625, respectively	111	111
Paid-in capital	44,423	44,098
Retained earnings	137,492	133,667
Treasury stock - at cost, common stock, shares at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 775,203 and 803,154, respectively	(18,662)	(19,336)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19,545)	(25,289)
Total stockholders' equity	143,819	133,251
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 409,164	$ 393,023

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, issued shares	11,115,779	11,115,779
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)	10,340,576	10,312,625
Treasury stock shares - at cost, common stock (shares)	775,203	803,154

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
Sales of goods	$ 103,058	$ 100,293	$ 318,414	$ 326,278
Sales of services	28,434	14,351	76,640	50,670
Total net sales	131,492	114,644	395,054	376,948
Cost of goods sold	82,460	81,674	256,152	260,705
Cost of services sold	22,667	13,167	63,549	44,667
Total cost of sales	105,127	94,841	319,701	305,372
Gross profit	26,365	19,803	75,353	71,576
Selling and administrative expenses	20,218	19,807	60,023	65,941
Amortization expense	1,764	1,763	5,218	7,818
Asset impairments	0	6,946	0	135,884
Interest expense	2,026	1,520	6,315	4,342
Interest income	(56)	(50)	(166)	(157)
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments	(50)	263	5	946
Other income	(551)	(1,085)	(564)	(263)
Total operating expenses	23,351	29,164	70,831	214,511
Income (loss) before income taxes	3,014	(9,361)	4,522	(142,935)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(208)	(3,379)	698	(42,125)
Net income (loss)	$ 3,222	$ (5,982)	$ 3,824	$ (100,810)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.31	$ (0.58)	$ 0.37	$ (9.82)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	0.31	(0.58)	0.37	(9.82)
Dividends paid per common share (usd per share)	$ 0	$ 0.04	$ 0	$ 0.12

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)		$ 3,222	$ (5,982)	$ 3,824	$ (100,810)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		2,412	(1,431)	5,528	(3,438)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax expense (benefit) of $0, $88 and $0, ($815)		82	137	(119)	(1,286)
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, net of tax expense of $0, $38 and $0, $115	[1]	114	73	335	223
Other comprehensive income (loss)		2,608	(1,221)	5,744	(4,501)
Comprehensive income (loss)		$ 5,830	$ (7,203)	$ 9,568	$ (105,311)

[1] Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for pension obligations are charged to selling and administrative expense.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges, tax benefit	$ 0	$ 88	$ 0	$ (815)
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, tax	$ 0	$ 38	$ 0	$ 115

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$ 3,824	$ (100,810)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(648)	(39,690)
Depreciation	9,705	10,620
Amortization	5,218	7,818
Asset impairments	0	135,884
Equity loss of nonconsolidated investments	5	946
(Gain) loss on sales and disposals of property, plant, and equipment	(347)	209
Share-based compensation	1,228	875
Income tax deficiency from share-based compensation	0	124
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(11,899)	13,491
Inventories	(19,336)	3,188
Other current assets	(786)	(379)
Prepaid income tax	12,569	(6,436)
Other noncurrent assets	719	117
Dividends from LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC	22,017	(13,256)
Accounts payable	3,339	866
Deferred revenue	2,734	(2,294)
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	(763)	956
Other current liabilities	(63)	(353)
Net cash provided by operating activities	27,516	11,876
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment	1,388	923
Capital expenditures on property, plant, and equipment	(5,335)	(6,507)
Loans and capital contributions to equity method investment	0	(635)
Net cash used by investing activities	(3,947)	(6,219)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayments of debt	(113,119)	(134,200)
Proceeds from debt	91,838	101,075
Financing fees	0	(712)
Treasury stock acquisitions	(103)	(265)
Cash dividends on common stock paid to shareholders	0	(1,244)
Income tax deficiency from share-based compensation	0	(124)
Net cash used by financing activities	(21,384)	(35,470)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	2,460	152
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	4,645	(29,661)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	30,363	33,312
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	35,008	3,651
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	5,599	3,485
Income taxes (received) paid	$ (11,233)	$ 3,991

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Financial Statements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]

Financial Statements

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. The year-end Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies assets as held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan of sale with the expectation the sale will be completed within one year.  The net assets of the business held for sale are then recorded at the lower of their current carrying value or the fair market value, less costs to sell.  See Note 7 Investments of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC 605”). ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue, cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company continues its project adoption plan by performing a detailed evaluation of contracts and sales orders with customers and assessing the impact that this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and backlog. We have also been assessing the impact to internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure requirements. We regularly brief our Audit Committee on our overall project plan as well as our progress towards adoption. The Company will adopt this standard as of January 1, 2018 and anticipates using the modified retrospective approach at adoption as it relates to ASU 2014-09.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance will result in most leases being capitalized as a right of use asset with a related liability on our balance sheets. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our financial position. The Company has a significant number of operating leases, and, as a result, expects this guidance to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company does not anticipate early adoption as it relates to ASU 2016-02.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740),” (“ASU 2016-16”) which will require an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The ASU is effective on January 1, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company continues to evaluate the impact this standard will have on the Company’s financial statements but believes there will not be a material change once adopted. The Company will not elect early adoption of ASU 2016-16.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715),” (“ASU 2017-07”) which improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance requires that the entity report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, and report the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Of the components of net periodic benefit cost, only the service cost component will be eligible for asset capitalization. The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating its implementation approach and assessing the impact of ASU 2017-07 on the presentation of operations.

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Business Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The Company is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is organized and evaluated by product group, which is the basis for identifying reportable segments. Each segment represents a revenue-producing component of the Company for which separate financial information is produced internally that is subject to evaluation by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources. Each segment is evaluated based upon its segment profit contribution to the Company’s consolidated results.

The following table illustrates revenues and profits (losses) from operations of the Company by segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	62,095	$	3,472	$	187,922	$	8,938
Construction Products	39,118		3,387		121,905		9,156
Tubular and Energy Services	30,279		2,298		85,227		1,774
Total	$	131,492	$	9,157	$	395,054	$	19,868

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
	Net Sales		Segment Profit (Loss)			Net Sales		Segment Profit (Loss)
Rail Products and Services	$	56,891	$	(2,047	)	$	188,686	$	(26,474	)
Construction Products	34,870		1,356			107,098		5,748
Tubular and Energy Services	22,883		(6,966		)	81,164		(111,876		)
Total	$	114,644	$	(7,657	)	$	376,948	$	(132,602	)

Segment profit (loss) from operations, as shown above, include internal cost of capital charges for assets used in the segment at a rate of generally 1% per month. There has been no change in the measurement of segment profit (loss) from operations since December 31, 2016. The internal cost of capital charges are eliminated during the consolidation process.

The following table provides a reconciliation of reportable segment net profit (loss) from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Profit (loss) for reportable segments	$	9,157		$	(7,657	)	$	19,868		$	(132,602	)
Interest expense	(2,026		)	(1,520		)	(6,315		)	(4,342		)
Interest income	56			50			166			157
Other income	551			1,085			564			263
LIFO (expense) income	(1,552		)	917			(1,733		)	1,442
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments	50			(263		)	(5		)	(946		)
Corporate expense, cost of capital elimination, and other unallocated charges	(3,222		)	(1,973		)	(8,023		)	(6,907		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	3,014		$	(9,361	)	$	4,522		$	(142,935	)

The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	198,761	$	174,049
Construction Products	88,542		81,074
Tubular and Energy Services	100,046		100,006
Unallocated corporate assets	21,815		37,894
Total	$	409,164	$	393,023

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	13,785	$	5,147	$	—	$	18,932
Foreign currency translation impact	767		—		—		767
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	14,552	$	5,147	$	—	$	19,699

The Company performs goodwill impairment tests annually during the fourth quarter, and also performs interim goodwill impairment tests if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. Qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. No goodwill impairment test was required in connection with these evaluations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company continues to monitor the recoverability of the long-lived assets associated with certain reporting units of the Company and the long-term financial projections of the businesses. Sustained declines in the markets we serve may result in future long-lived asset impairment.

The following table represents the gross other intangible assets balance by reportable segment:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	57,538	$	56,476
Construction Products	1,348		1,348
Tubular and Energy Services	29,179		29,179
	$	88,065	$	87,003

The components of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

	September 30, 2017
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5	$	4,233	$	(2,872	)	$	1,361
Patents	10	392		(160		)	232
Customer relationships	17	37,597		(8,542		)	29,055
Trademarks and trade names	14	10,078		(3,879		)	6,199
Technology	14	35,765		(13,477		)	22,288
		$	88,065	$	(28,930	)	$	59,135
	December 31, 2016
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5	$	4,219	$	(2,217	)	$	2,002
Patents	10	373		(143		)	230
Customer relationships	18	36,843		(6,582		)	30,261
Trademarks and trade names	14	10,018		(3,238		)	6,780
Technology	14	35,550		(11,304		)	24,246
		$	87,003	$	(23,484	)	$	63,519

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives, which range from 4 to 25 years, with a total weighted average amortization period of approximately 15 years at September 30, 2017. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,764 and $1,763, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $5,218 and $7,818, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 and thereafter is as follows:

	Amortization Expense
2017	$	1,782
2018	7,024
2019	6,302
2020	5,980
2021	5,960
2022 and thereafter	32,087
	$	59,135

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Accounts Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounts Receivable Additional Disclosures [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Credit is extended based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices. The amounts of trade accounts receivable at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 have been reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,138 and $1,417, respectively.

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

INVENTORIES

Inventories at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the following table:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Finished goods	$	58,588		$	46,673
Work-in-process	30,507			21,716
Raw materials	19,851			18,032
Total inventories at current costs	108,946			86,421
Less: LIFO reserve	(4,911		)	(3,178		)
	$	104,035		$	83,243

Inventory is generally valued at the lower of last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost or market. Other inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. An actual valuation of inventory under the LIFO method is made at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimates of expected year-end levels and costs.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant, and equipment at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of the following:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Land	$	14,866	$	14,826
Improvements to land and leaseholds	17,404		17,408
Buildings	34,503		33,910
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under capitalized leases	120,414		118,060
Construction in progress	1,431		1,291
	188,618		185,495
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of capitalized leases	90,082		81,522
	$	98,536	$	103,973

We review our property, plant, and equipment for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. There were no asset impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2017.

Depreciation expense for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $3,178 and $3,295, respectively. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense was $9,705 and $10,620, respectively.

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Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Investments [Abstract]

Investments

INVESTMENTS

The Company is a member of a joint venture, L B Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC (“L B Pipe JV”), in which it maintains a 45% ownership interest. L B Pipe JV manufactures, markets, and sells various machined components and precision coupling products for the energy, water well, and construction markets and is scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2019.

Under applicable guidance for variable interest entities in ASC 810, “Consolidation,” the Company previously determined that L B Pipe JV was a variable interest entity. The Company concluded that it was not the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity, as the Company did not have a controlling financial interest and did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of L B Pipe JV.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, pursuant to the limited liability company agreement, the Company determined to sell its 45% ownership interest to the other 45% equity holder. The Company concluded that it has met the criteria under applicable guidance for a long-lived asset to be held for sale, and has, accordingly, reclassified L B Pipe JV investment of $4,288 as a current asset held for sale within other current assets. The asset was subsequently remeasured to its fair market value of $3,875. The difference between the fair market value and the Company's carrying amount of $413 was recorded as an other-than-temporary impairment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had a nonconsolidated equity method investment of $0 and $3,902, respectively, in L B Pipe JV and other equity investments totaling $151 and $129, respectively.

The Company recorded equity in the income of L B Pipe JV of $434 and loss of $276 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded equity in the income of L B Pipe JV of $386 and loss of $1,001, respectively.

During 2016, the Company and the other 45% member each executed a revolving line of credit with L B Pipe JV with an available limit of $1,350. The Company and the other 45% member each loaned $1,235 to L B Pipe JV in an effort to maintain compliance with L B Pipe JV’s debt covenants with an unaffiliated bank. The Company is to receive its outstanding loan balance at the 45% equity interest sale date.

The Company’s exposure to loss results from its capital contributions and loans, net of the Company’s share of L B Pipe JV’s income or loss, and its net investment in the direct financing lease covering the facility used by L B Pipe JV for its operations, which is described below. The carrying amounts with the Company’s maximum exposure to loss at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, are as follows:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
L B Pipe JV equity method investment	$	3,875	$	3,902
Revolving line of credit	1,235		1,235
Net investment in direct financing lease	770		871
	$	5,880	$	6,008

The Company is leasing five acres of land and two facilities to L B Pipe JV through June 30, 2019, with a 5.5 year renewal period. The current monthly lease payments approximate $17, with a balloon payment of approximately $488, which is required to be paid either at the termination of the lease, allocated over the renewal period, or during the initial term of the lease. This lease qualifies as a direct financing lease under the applicable guidance in ASC 840-30, “Leases.”

The following is a schedule of the direct financing minimum lease payments for the remainder of 2017 and the years 2018 and thereafter:

	Minimum Lease Payments
2017	$	35
2018	150
2019	585
	$	770

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

LONG-TERM DEBT

United States

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Revolving credit facility	$	123,494	$	127,073
Term loan	13,131		30,000
Capital leases and financing agreements	1,660		2,492
Total	138,285		159,565
Less current maturities	9,887		10,386
Long-term portion	$	128,398	$	149,179

On November 7, 2016, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015 and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016 (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”), with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company. This Second Amendment modified the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which had a maximum revolving credit line of $275,000. The Second Amendment reduced the permitted revolving credit borrowings to $195,000 and provided for additional term loan borrowing of $30,000 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan is subject to quarterly straight line amortization until fully paid off upon the final payment on January 1, 2020. Furthermore, certain matters, including excess cash flow, asset sales, and equity issuances, trigger mandatory prepayments to the Term Loan. Term Loan borrowings are not available to draw upon once they have been repaid. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Second Amendment or Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as applicable.

The Second Amendment further provided for modifications to the financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment calls for the elimination of the Maximum Leverage Ratio covenant through the quarter ending June 30, 2018. After that period, the Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio covenant will be reinstated to require a maximum ratio of 4.25 Consolidated Indebtedness to 1.00 Gross Leverage for the quarter ending September 30, 2018, and 3.75 to 1.00 for all periods thereafter until the maturity date of the credit facility. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Last Twelve Months EBITDA covenant (“Minimum EBITDA”). For the quarter ended December 31, 2016 through the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Minimum EBITDA had to be at least $18,500. For each quarter thereafter, through the quarter ending June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will increase by various increments. The incremental Minimum EBITDA requirement for the period ended September 30, 2017 was at least $23,000. At June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will be $31,000. After the quarter ending June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA covenant will be eliminated through the maturity of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenant. The covenant represents the ratio of the Company’s fixed charges to the last twelve months of EBITDA, and is required to be a minimum of 1.00 to 1.00 through the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and 1.25 to 1.00 for each quarter thereafter through the maturity of the credit facility. The final financial covenant included in the Second Amendment is a Minimum Liquidity covenant which calls for a minimum of $25,000 in undrawn availability on the revolving credit loan at all times through the quarter ending June 30, 2018. The Second Amendment includes several changes to certain non-financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Through the maturity date of the loan, the Company is now prohibited from making any future acquisitions. The limitation on permitted annual distributions of dividends or redemptions of the Company’s stock was decreased from $4,000 to $1,700. The aggregate limitation on loans to and investments in non-loan parties was decreased from $10,000 to $5,000. Furthermore, the limitation on asset sales has been decreased from $25,000 annually with a carryover of up to $15,000 from the prior year to $25,000 in the aggregate through the maturity date of the credit facility.

At September 30, 2017, L.B. Foster was in compliance with the Second Amendment’s covenants.

The Second Amendment provided for the elimination of the three lowest tiers of the pricing grid that had previously been defined in the First Amendment. Upon execution of the Second Amendment through the quarter ending March 31, 2018, the Company will be locked into the highest tier of the pricing grid, which provides for pricing of the prime rate plus 225 basis points on base rate loans and the applicable LIBOR rate plus 325 basis points on euro rate loans. For each quarter after March 31, 2018 and through the maturity date of the credit facility, the Company’s position on the pricing grid will be governed by a Minimum Net Leverage ratio, which is the ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness less cash on hand in excess of $15,000 to EBITDA. If, after March 31, 2018, the Minimum Net Leverage ratio positions the Company on the lowest tier of the pricing grid, pricing will be the prime rate plus 150 basis points on base rate loans or the applicable LIBOR rate plus 250 basis points on euro rate loans.

At September 30, 2017, L.B. Foster had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $425 and had net available borrowing capacity of $46,081. The maturity date of the facility is March 13, 2020.

United Kingdom

A subsidiary of the Company has a credit facility with NatWest Bank for its United Kingdom operations, which includes an overdraft availability of £1,500 pounds sterling (approximately $2,010 at September 30, 2017). This credit facility supports the subsidiary’s working capital requirements and is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of its United Kingdom operations. The interest rate on this facility is the financial institution’s base rate plus 2.50%. Outstanding performance bonds reduce availability under this credit facility. The subsidiary of the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility at September 30, 2017. There was approximately $999 in outstanding guarantees (as defined in the underlying agreement) at September 30, 2017. This credit facility was renewed and amended during the fourth quarter of 2016 with all underlying terms and conditions remaining unchanged as a result of the renewal. It is the Company’s intention to renew this credit facility with NatWest Bank during the annual review within the forth quarter of 2017.

The United Kingdom credit facility contains certain financial covenants that require the subsidiary to maintain senior interest and cash flow coverage ratios. The subsidiary was in compliance with these financial covenants at September 30, 2017. The subsidiary had available borrowing capacity of $1,011 at September 30, 2017.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair values are based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in valuation techniques and the inputs to valuations. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Cash equivalents - Included within “Cash and cash equivalents” are investments in non-domestic term deposits. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

LIBOR-based interest rate swaps - To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is based on market-observable forward interest rates and represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to terminate the agreements. As such, the swap agreements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2017, the interest rate swaps were recorded within other accrued liabilities.

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using
	September 30, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level  1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level  1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	$	323	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	—
Total liabilities	$	323	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	—

The interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges and substantially offset the changes in fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt that are attributable to the changes in market risk. Therefore, the gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are included in interest income or expense, in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, interest expense from interest rate swaps was $98. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest expense from interest rate swaps was $302.

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement," the Company measures certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities at fair value, which are recognized or disclosed on a nonrecurring basis. During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, a $413 other-than-temporary impairment charge was recorded against L B Pipe JV assets held for sale utilizing a Level 2 fair value measurement. The impairment was a result of the Company's carrying value being greater than the agreed-upon sales price, or fair market value. See Note 7 Investments of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

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Earnings Per Common Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Common Share

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

(Share amounts in thousands)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Net income (loss)	$	3,222	$	(5,982	)	$	3,824	$	(100,810	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	10,341		10,296			10,332		10,264
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	10,341		10,296			10,332		10,264
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock compensation plans	138		—			103		—
Dilutive potential common shares	138		—			103		—
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions	10,479		10,296			10,435		10,264
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Dividends paid per common share	$	—	$	0.04		$	—	$	0.12

There were approximately 34 and 80 anti-dilutive shares during the three- and nine-month periods endedSeptember 30, 2016, respectively, excluded from the above calculation.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Share-based Compensation

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service period. The Company recorded stock compensation expense of $503 and $320 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to fully-vested stock awards, restricted stock awards, and performance unit awards. Stock compensation expense of $1,228 and $875 was recorded for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At September 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense for awards that the Company expects to vest approximated $4,140. The Company will recognize this expense over the upcoming 3.5 years through March 2021.

Shares issued as a result of vested stock-based compensation generally will be from previously issued shares that have been reacquired by the Company and held as treasury stock or authorized and previously unissued common stock.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized a tax deficiency of $127 related to stock-based compensation, which was fully offset by a valuation allowance, and $124 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Applying the prospective approach in accordance with ASU 2016-09, the change in excess income tax deficiency has been included in cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Restricted Stock Awards and Performance Unit Awards

Under the 2006 Omnibus Plan, the Company grants eligible employees restricted stock and performance unit awards. The forfeitable restricted stock awards granted prior to March 2015 generally time-vest after a four-year period, and those granted subsequent to March 2015 generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying restricted stock agreement. Performance unit awards are offered annually under separate three-year long-term incentive programs. Performance units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock of the Company based upon the Company’s performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples, as defined in the underlying program. If the Company’s estimate of the number of performance stock awards expected to vest changes in a subsequent accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease. The change will be recognized in the current period for the vested shares and would change future expense over the remaining vesting period.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Nomination and Governance Committee and Board of Directors jointly approved the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which permits Non-Employee Directors of the Company to defer receipt of earned cash and/or stock compensation for service on the Board. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the 2017 Performance Share Unit Program and the Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (consisting of cash and equity components). The Compensation Committee also certified the actual performance achievement of participants in the 2014 Performance Share Unit Program. Actual performance resulted in no payout relative to the 2014 Performance Share Unit Program target performance metrics.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award, deferred stock award, and performance unit award activity for the period ended September 30, 2017:

	Restricted Stock		Deferred Stock	Performance Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	79,272		—	63,690		$	21.66
Granted	170,196		24,927	120,583		14.24
Vested	(22,808	)	—	—		28.88
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest	—		—	53,385		18.33
Cancelled	(44,854	)	—	(49,062	)	15.40
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	181,806		24,927	188,596		$	16.48

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Retirement Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Employee-related Liabilities [Abstract]

Retirement Plans

RETIREMENT PLANS

Retirement Plans

The Company has seven retirement plans that cover its hourly and salaried employees in the United States: three defined benefit plans, all of which are frozen, and four defined contribution plans. Employees are eligible to participate in the appropriate plan based on employment classification. The Company’s contributions to the defined benefit and defined contribution plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the Company’s policy and investment guidelines applicable to each respective plan. The Company’s policy is to contribute at least the minimum in accordance with the funding standards of ERISA.

The Company’s subsidiary, L.B. Foster Rail Technologies, Inc. (“Rail Technologies”), maintains two defined contribution plans for its employees in Canada, as well as a post-retirement benefit plan. In the United Kingdom, Rail Technologies maintains two defined contribution plans and a defined benefit plan.

United States Defined Benefit Plans

Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plans for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Service cost	$	—		$	9		$	—		$	27
Interest cost	171			186			513			559
Expected return on plan assets	(178		)	(179		)	(533		)	(538		)
Recognized net actuarial loss	33			69			98			207
Net periodic pension cost	$	26		$	85		$	78		$	255

The Company does not expect to contribute to its United States defined benefit plans in 2017.

United Kingdom Defined Benefit Plans

Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest cost	$	56		$	73		$	168		$	223
Expected return on plan assets	(67		)	(82		)	(201		)	(250		)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	4			5			12			15
Recognized net actuarial loss	72			38			216			116
Net periodic pension cost	$	65		$	34		$	195		$	104

United Kingdom regulations require trustees to adopt a prudent approach to funding required contributions to defined benefit pension plans. Employer contributions of approximately $251 are anticipated to the United Kingdom Rail Technologies pension plan during 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company contributed approximately $188 to the plan.

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors eight defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across our domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
United States	$	415	$	152	$	1,276	$	1,289
Canada	53		46		167		164
United Kingdom	93		64		306		281
	$	561	$	262	$	1,749	$	1,734

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Product Liability Claims

The Company is subject to product warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. For certain manufactured products, the Company maintains a product warranty accrual which is adjusted on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales. The product warranty accrual is periodically adjusted based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims.

The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

	Warranty Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	10,154
Additions to warranty liability	3,203
Warranty liability utilized	(3,743		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	9,614

Included within the above table are concrete tie warranty reserves of approximately $7,607 and $7,574 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) Concrete Tie Matter

On July 12, 2011, UPRR notified (the “UPRR Notice”) the Company and its subsidiary, CXT Incorporated (“CXT”), of a warranty claim under CXT’s 2005 supply contract relating to the sale of pre-stressed concrete railroad ties to UPRR. UPRR asserted that a significant percentage of concrete ties manufactured in 2006 through 2011 at CXT’s Grand Island, NE facility failed to meet contract specifications, had workmanship defects and were cracking and failing prematurely. Of the 3 million ties manufactured between 1998 and 2011 from the Grand Island, NE facility, approximately 1.6 million ties were sold during the period UPRR had claimed nonconformance.The 2005 contract called for each concrete tie which failed to conform to the specifications or had a material defect in workmanship to be replaced with 1.5 new concrete ties, provided, that, within five years of the sale of a concrete tie, UPRR notified CXT of such failure to conform or such defect in workmanship.

The UPRR Notice did not specify how many ties manufactured during this period were defective nor the exact nature of the alleged workmanship defect.

Following the UPRR Notice, the Company worked with material scientists and pre-stressed concrete experts to test a representative sample of Grand Island, NE concrete ties and assess warranty claims for certain concrete ties made in its Grand Island, NE facility between 1998 and 2011. The Company discontinued manufacturing operations in Grand Island, NE in early 2011.

2012

During 2012, the Company completed sufficient testing and analysis to further understand this matter. Based upon testing results and expert analysis, the Company believed it discovered conditions, which largely related to the 2006 to 2007 manufacturing period, that can shorten the life of the concrete ties produced during this period. During the fourth quarter of 2012 and first quarter of 2013, the Company reached agreement with UPRR on several matters including a tie rating process for the Company and UPRR to work together to identify, prioritize, and replace defective ties that meet the criteria for replacement. This process applies to the ties the Company shipped to UPRR from its Grand Island, NE facility from 1998 to 2011. During most of this period, the Company’s warranty policy for UPRR carried a 5-year warranty with a 1.5:1 replacement ratio for any defective ties. In order to accommodate UPRR and other customer concerns, the Company also reverted to a previously used warranty policy providing a 15-year warranty with a 1:1 replacement ratio. This change provided an additional 10 years of warranty protection. In the amended 2005 supply agreement, the Company and UPRR also extended the supply of Tucson ties by five years and agreed on a cash payment of $12,000 to UPRR as compensation for concrete ties already replaced by UPRR during the investigation period.

During 2012, as a result of the testing that the Company conducted on concrete ties manufactured at its former Grand Island, NE facility and the developments related to UPRR and other customer matters, the Company recorded pre-tax warranty charges of $22,000 in “Cost of Goods Sold” within its Rail Products and Services segment based on the Company’s estimate of the number of defective concrete ties that will ultimately require replacement during the applicable warranty periods.

2013

Throughout 2013, at UPRR’s request and under the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement, the Company provided warranty replacement concrete ties for use across certain UPRR subdivisions. The Company attempted to reconcile the quantity of warranty claims for ties replaced and obtain supporting detail for the ties removed. The Company believes that UPRR did not replace concrete ties in accordance with the amended agreement and has not furnished adequate documentation throughout the replacement process in these subdivisions to support its full warranty claim. Based on the information received by the Company to date, the Company believes that a significant number of ties which UPRR replaced in these subdivisions did not meet the criteria to be covered as warranty replacement ties under the amended 2005 supply agreement. The disagreement related to the 2013 warranty replacement activity includes approximately 170,000 ties where the Company provided detailed documentation supporting our position with reason codes that detail why these ties are not eligible for a warranty claim.

In late November 2013, the Company received notice from UPRR asserting a material breach of the amended 2005 supply agreement. UPRR’s notice asserted that the failure to honor its claims for warranty ties in these subdivisions was a material breach. Following receipt of this notice, the Company provided information to UPRR to refute UPRR’s claim of breach and included the reconciliation of warranty claims supported by substantial findings from the Company’s track observation team, all within the 90-day cure period. The Company also proposed further discussions to reach agreement on reconciliation for 2013 replacement activities and future replacement activities and a recommended process that will ensure future replacement activities are done with appropriate documentation and per the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement.

2014

During the first quarter of 2014, the Company further responded within the 90-day cure period to UPRR’s claim and presented a reconciliation for the subdivisions at issue. This proposed reconciliation was based on empirical data and visual observation from Company employees that were present during the replacement process for a substantial majority of the concrete ties replaced. The Company spent considerable time documenting facts related to concrete tie condition and track condition to assess whether the ties replaced met the criteria to be eligible for replacement under the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement.

During 2014, the Company increased its accrual by an additional $8,766 based on revised estimates of ties to be replaced based upon scientific testing and other analysis, adjusted for ties already provided to UPRR. The Company continued to work with UPRR to identify, replace, and reconcile defective ties related to the warranty claim in accordance with the amended 2005 supply agreement. The Company and UPRR met during the third quarter of 2014 to evaluate each other’s position in an effort to work towards agreement on the unreconciled 2013 and 2014 replacement activity as well as the standards and practices to be implemented for future replacement activity and warranty tie replacement.

In November and December of 2014, the Company received additional notices from UPRR asserting that ties manufactured in 2000 were defective and again asserting material breaches of the amended 2005 supply agreement relating to warranty tie replacements as well as certain new ties provided to UPRR being out of specification.

At December 31, 2014, the Company and UPRR had not been able to reconcile the disagreement related to the 2013 and 2014 warranty replacement activity. The disagreement relating to the 2014 warranty replacement activity includes approximately 90,100 ties that the Company believes are not warranty-eligible.

2015

On January 23, 2015, UPRR filed a Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial in the District Court for Douglas County, NE (“Complaint”) against the Company and its subsidiary, CXT, asserting, among other matters, that the Company breached its express warranty, breached an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and anticipatorily repudiated its warranty obligations, and that UPRR’s exclusive and limited remedy provisions in the supply agreement have failed of their essential purpose which entitles UPRR to recover all incidental and consequential damages. The Complaint seeks to cancel all duties of UPRR under the contract, to adjudge the Company as having no remaining rights under the contracts, and to recover damages in an amount to be determined at trial for the value of unfulfilled warranty replacement ties and ties likely to become warranty eligible, for costs of cover for replacement ties, and for various incidental and consequential damages. The amended 2005 supply agreement provides that UPRR’s exclusive remedy is to receive a replacement tie that meets the contract specifications for each tie that failed to meet the contract specifications or otherwise contained a material defect provided that the Company receives written notice of such failure or defect within 15 years after that tie was produced. The amended 2005 supply agreement provides that the Company’s warranty does not apply to ties that (a) have been repaired or altered without the Company’s written consent in such a way as to affect the stability or reliability thereof, (b) have been subject to misuse, negligence, or accident, or (c) have been improperly maintained or used contrary to the specifications for which such ties were produced. The amended 2005 supply agreement also continues to provide that the Company’s warranty is in lieu of all other express or implied warranties and that neither party shall be subject to or liable for any incidental or consequential damages to the other party. The dispute is largely based on (1) claims submitted that the Company believes are for ties claimed for warranty replacement that are inaccurately rated under concrete tie rating guidelines and procedures agreed to in 2012 and incorporated by amendment to the 2005 supply agreement rated and are not the responsibility of the Company and claims that do not meet the criteria of a warranty replacement and (2) UPRR’s assertion, which the Company vigorously disputes, that UPRR in future years will be entitled to warranty replacement ties for virtually all of the Grand Island ties. Many thousands of Grand Island ties have been performing in track for over ten years. In addition, a significant amount of Grand Island ties were rated by both parties in the excellent category of the rating system.

In June 2015, UPRR delivered an additional notice alleging deficiencies in certain ties produced in the Company’s Tucson and Spokane locations and other claimed material breaches which the Company contends are unfounded. The Company again responded to UPRR that it was not in material breach of the amended 2005 supply agreement relating to warranty tie replacements and that the ties in question complied with the specifications provided by UPRR.

On June 16 and 17, 2015, UPRR issued a formal notice of the termination of the concrete tie supply agreement as well as the termination of the lease agreement at the Tucson, AZ production facility and rejection and revocation of its prior acceptance of certain ties manufactured at the Company’s Spokane, WA production facility. Since that time, UPRR has discontinued submitting purchase orders to the Company for shipment of warranty replacement ties.

On May 29, 2015, the Company and CXT filed an Answer, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims in response to the Complaint, denying liability to UPRR. As a result of UPRR’s subsequent June 16-17, 2015 actions and certain related conduct, the Company on October 5, 2015 amended the pending Answer, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims to add, among other things, assertions that UPRR’s conduct in question was wrongful and unjustified and constituted additional grounds for the affirmative defenses to UPRR’s claims and also for the Company’s counterclaims.

2016

By Scheduling Order dated June 29, 2016, an August 31, 2017 deadline for the completion of fact discovery was established with trial to proceed at some future date after October 30, 2017, and UPRR filed an amended notice of trial to commence on October 30, 2017.

2017

By Third Amended Scheduling Order dated September 26, 2017, a June 29, 2018 deadline for completion of discovery has been established with trial to proceed at some future date on or after October 1, 2018. During the first nine months ended September 30, 2017, the parties continued to conduct discovery, with various disputes that required and will likely require court resolution. The Company intends to continue to engage in discussions in an effort to resolve the UPRR matter. However, we cannot predict that such discussions will be successful, or that the results of the litigation with UPRR, or any settlement or judgment amounts, will reasonably approximate our estimated accruals for loss contingencies. Future potential costs pertaining to UPRR’s claims and the outcome of the UPRR litigation could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

As a result of the preliminary status of the litigation and the uncertainty of any potential judgment, an estimate of any additional loss, or a range of additional loss, associated with this litigation cannot be made based upon currently available information.

Environmental and Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to national, state, foreign, provincial, and/or local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company’s efforts to comply with environmental regulations may have an adverse effect on its future earnings. On June 5, 2017, a General Notice Letter was received from the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") indicating that the Company may be a potentially responsible party regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site cleanup along with numerous other companies. The Company is reviewing the basis for its identification by the EPA and the nature of the historic operations of an L.B. Foster predecessor on the site. Management does not believe that compliance with the present environmental protection laws will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, competitive position, or capital expenditures of the Company.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company maintained environmental reserves approximating $6,255 and $6,270, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

	Environmental liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	6,270
Additions to environmental obligations	7
Environmental obligations utilized	(22		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	6,255

The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Legal actions are subject to inherent uncertainties, and future events could change management's assessment of the probability or estimated amount of potential losses from pending or threatened legal actions. Based on available information, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of pending or threatened legal actions, both individually and in the aggregate, will not result in losses having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or liquidity at September 30, 2017.

If management believes that, based on available information, it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss (or additional material loss in excess of any accrual) will be incurred in connection with any legal actions, the Company discloses an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, either individually or in the aggregate, as appropriate, if such an estimate can be made, or discloses that an estimate cannot be made. Based on the Company's assessment at September 30, 2017, no such disclosures were considered necessary.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $208 on pretax income of $3,014 and $3,379 on pretax losses of $9,361, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of (6.9)% and 36.1%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $698 on pretax income of $4,522 and an income tax benefit of $42,125 on pretax losses of $142,935, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 15.4% and 29.5%, respectively. The Company’s tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is primarily comprised of taxes on our Canadian and United Kingdom operations. However, as a result of the U.S. consolidated group's current year income, the Company's estimated annual effective tax rate was adjusted during the third quarter to include the realization of a portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets previously offset by a valuation allowance. The Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets, which is likely to result in significant variability of the effective tax rate in the current year. Changes in pretax income projections and the mix of income across jurisdictions could also impact the effective tax rate.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management evaluated all of the activity of the Company and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Financial Statements (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. The year-end Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Assets held for sale

Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies assets as held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan of sale with the expectation the sale will be completed within one year.  The net assets of the business held for sale are then recorded at the lower of their current carrying value or the fair market value, less costs to sell.  See Note 7 Investments of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Recently issued accounting standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC 605”). ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue, cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company continues its project adoption plan by performing a detailed evaluation of contracts and sales orders with customers and assessing the impact that this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, financial position, and backlog. We have also been assessing the impact to internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure requirements. We regularly brief our Audit Committee on our overall project plan as well as our progress towards adoption. The Company will adopt this standard as of January 1, 2018 and anticipates using the modified retrospective approach at adoption as it relates to ASU 2014-09.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance will result in most leases being capitalized as a right of use asset with a related liability on our balance sheets. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our financial position. The Company has a significant number of operating leases, and, as a result, expects this guidance to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company does not anticipate early adoption as it relates to ASU 2016-02.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740),” (“ASU 2016-16”) which will require an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The ASU is effective on January 1, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company continues to evaluate the impact this standard will have on the Company’s financial statements but believes there will not be a material change once adopted. The Company will not elect early adoption of ASU 2016-16.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715),” (“ASU 2017-07”) which improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance requires that the entity report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, and report the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Of the components of net periodic benefit cost, only the service cost component will be eligible for asset capitalization. The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating its implementation approach and assessing the impact of ASU 2017-07 on the presentation of operations.

Inventory

Inventory is generally valued at the lower of last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost or market. Other inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. An actual valuation of inventory under the LIFO method is made at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimates of expected year-end levels and costs.

Share based compensation

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service period.

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Business Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated

The following table illustrates revenues and profits (losses) from operations of the Company by segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Net Sales		Segment Profit		Net Sales		Segment Profit
Rail Products and Services	$	62,095	$	3,472	$	187,922	$	8,938
Construction Products	39,118		3,387		121,905		9,156
Tubular and Energy Services	30,279		2,298		85,227		1,774
Total	$	131,492	$	9,157	$	395,054	$	19,868

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2016					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
	Net Sales		Segment Profit (Loss)			Net Sales		Segment Profit (Loss)
Rail Products and Services	$	56,891	$	(2,047	)	$	188,686	$	(26,474	)
Construction Products	34,870		1,356			107,098		5,748
Tubular and Energy Services	22,883		(6,966		)	81,164		(111,876		)
Total	$	114,644	$	(7,657	)	$	376,948	$	(132,602	)

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated

The following table provides a reconciliation of reportable segment net profit (loss) from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Profit (loss) for reportable segments	$	9,157		$	(7,657	)	$	19,868		$	(132,602	)
Interest expense	(2,026		)	(1,520		)	(6,315		)	(4,342		)
Interest income	56			50			166			157
Other income	551			1,085			564			263
LIFO (expense) income	(1,552		)	917			(1,733		)	1,442
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments	50			(263		)	(5		)	(946		)
Corporate expense, cost of capital elimination, and other unallocated charges	(3,222		)	(1,973		)	(8,023		)	(6,907		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	3,014		$	(9,361	)	$	4,522		$	(142,935	)

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	198,761	$	174,049
Construction Products	88,542		81,074
Tubular and Energy Services	100,046		100,006
Unallocated corporate assets	21,815		37,894
Total	$	409,164	$	393,023

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

	Rail Products and Services		Construction Products		Tubular and Energy Services		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	13,785	$	5,147	$	—	$	18,932
Foreign currency translation impact	767		—		—		767
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	14,552	$	5,147	$	—	$	19,699

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following table represents the gross other intangible assets balance by reportable segment:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services	$	57,538	$	56,476
Construction Products	1,348		1,348
Tubular and Energy Services	29,179		29,179
	$	88,065	$	87,003

Schedule of Intangible Assets

The components of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

	September 30, 2017
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5	$	4,233	$	(2,872	)	$	1,361
Patents	10	392		(160		)	232
Customer relationships	17	37,597		(8,542		)	29,055
Trademarks and trade names	14	10,078		(3,879		)	6,199
Technology	14	35,765		(13,477		)	22,288
		$	88,065	$	(28,930	)	$	59,135
	December 31, 2016
	Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5	$	4,219	$	(2,217	)	$	2,002
Patents	10	373		(143		)	230
Customer relationships	18	36,843		(6,582		)	30,261
Trademarks and trade names	14	10,018		(3,238		)	6,780
Technology	14	35,550		(11,304		)	24,246
		$	87,003	$	(23,484	)	$	63,519

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 and thereafter is as follows:

	Amortization Expense
2017	$	1,782
2018	7,024
2019	6,302
2020	5,980
2021	5,960
2022 and thereafter	32,087
	$	59,135

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

Inventories at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the following table:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Finished goods	$	58,588		$	46,673
Work-in-process	30,507			21,716
Raw materials	19,851			18,032
Total inventories at current costs	108,946			86,421
Less: LIFO reserve	(4,911		)	(3,178		)
	$	104,035		$	83,243

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of the following:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Land	$	14,866	$	14,826
Improvements to land and leaseholds	17,404		17,408
Buildings	34,503		33,910
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under capitalized leases	120,414		118,060
Construction in progress	1,431		1,291
	188,618		185,495
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of capitalized leases	90,082		81,522
	$	98,536	$	103,973

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Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The carrying amounts with the Company’s maximum exposure to loss at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, are as follows:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
L B Pipe JV equity method investment	$	3,875	$	3,902
Revolving line of credit	1,235		1,235
Net investment in direct financing lease	770		871
	$	5,880	$	6,008

Schedule of Direct Financing Future Minimum Lease Payments for Capital Leases

The following is a schedule of the direct financing minimum lease payments for the remainder of 2017 and the years 2018 and thereafter:

	Minimum Lease Payments
2017	$	35
2018	150
2019	585
	$	770

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Long-Term Debt and Related Matters (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Revolving credit facility	$	123,494	$	127,073
Term loan	13,131		30,000
Capital leases and financing agreements	1,660		2,492
Total	138,285		159,565
Less current maturities	9,887		10,386
Long-term portion	$	128,398	$	149,179

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using								Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using
	September 30, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level  1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level  1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	17	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	$	323	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	—
Total liabilities	$	323	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	334	$	—	$	334	$	—

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Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Net income (loss)	$	3,222	$	(5,982	)	$	3,824	$	(100,810	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	10,341		10,296			10,332		10,264
Denominator for basic earnings per common share	10,341		10,296			10,332		10,264
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock compensation plans	138		—			103		—
Dilutive potential common shares	138		—			103		—
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions	10,479		10,296			10,435		10,264
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.31	$	(0.58	)	$	0.37	$	(9.82	)
Dividends paid per common share	$	—	$	0.04		$	—	$	0.12

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award, deferred stock award, and performance unit award activity for the period ended September 30, 2017:

	Restricted Stock		Deferred Stock	Performance Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	79,272		—	63,690		$	21.66
Granted	170,196		24,927	120,583		14.24
Vested	(22,808	)	—	—		28.88
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest	—		—	53,385		18.33
Cancelled	(44,854	)	—	(49,062	)	15.40
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	181,806		24,927	188,596		$	16.48

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Retirement Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Costs of Retirement Plans

The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
United States	$	415	$	152	$	1,276	$	1,289
Canada	53		46		167		164
United Kingdom	93		64		306		281
	$	561	$	262	$	1,749	$	1,734

United States Plan

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plans for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Service cost	$	—		$	9		$	—		$	27
Interest cost	171			186			513			559
Expected return on plan assets	(178		)	(179		)	(533		)	(538		)
Recognized net actuarial loss	33			69			98			207
Net periodic pension cost	$	26		$	85		$	78		$	255

United Kingdom Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest cost	$	56		$	73		$	168		$	223
Expected return on plan assets	(67		)	(82		)	(201		)	(250		)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	4			5			12			15
Recognized net actuarial loss	72			38			216			116
Net periodic pension cost	$	65		$	34		$	195		$	104

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability

The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

	Warranty Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	10,154
Additions to warranty liability	3,203
Warranty liability utilized	(3,743		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	9,614

Environmental Loss Contingencies

The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

	Environmental liability
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	6,270
Additions to environmental obligations	7
Environmental obligations utilized	(22		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	6,255

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Business Segments (Narrative) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Capital charges rate	1.00%

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Business Segments (Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	$ 131,492	$ 114,644	$ 395,054	$ 376,948
Segment Profit	9,157	(7,657)	19,868	(132,602)
Rail Products and Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	62,095	56,891	187,922	188,686
Segment Profit	3,472	(2,047)	8,938	(26,474)
Construction Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	39,118	34,870	121,905	107,098
Segment Profit	3,387	1,356	9,156	5,748
Tubular and Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Sales	30,279	22,883	85,227	81,164
Segment Profit	$ 2,298	$ (6,966)	$ 1,774	$ (111,876)

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Business Segments (Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Profit (loss) for reportable segments	$ 9,157	$ (7,657)	$ 19,868	$ (132,602)
Interest expense	(2,026)	(1,520)	(6,315)	(4,342)
Interest income	56	50	166	157
Other income	551	1,085	564	263
LIFO (expense) income	(1,552)	917	(1,733)	1,442
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments	50	(263)	(5)	(946)
Corporate expense, cost of capital elimination, and other unallocated charges	(3,222)	(1,973)	(8,023)	(6,907)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ 3,014	$ (9,361)	$ 4,522	$ (142,935)

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Business Segments (Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets	$ 409,164	$ 393,023
Rail Products and Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets	198,761	174,049
Construction Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets	88,542	81,074
Tubular and Energy Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets	100,046	100,006
Unallocated corporate assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Assets	$ 21,815	$ 37,894

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Amortization expense	$ 1,764	$ 1,763	$ 5,218	$ 7,818
Minimum
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			4 years
Maximum
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			25 years
Weighted Average
Finite lived intangible asset, useful life			15 years

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Goodwill) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 18,932
Foreign currency translation impact	767
Goodwill, ending balance	19,699
Rail Products and Services
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	13,785
Foreign currency translation impact	767
Goodwill, ending balance	14,552
Construction Products
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	5,147
Foreign currency translation impact	0
Goodwill, ending balance	5,147
Tubular and Energy Services
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	0
Foreign currency translation impact	0
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 0

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Gross Other Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Gross Carrying Value	$ 88,065	$ 87,003
Rail Products and Services
Gross Carrying Value	57,538	56,476
Construction Products
Gross Carrying Value	1,348	1,348
Tubular and Energy Services
Gross Carrying Value	$ 29,179	$ 29,179

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 88,065	$ 87,003
Accumulated Amortization	(28,930)	(23,484)
Net Carrying Amount	59,135	63,519
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	4,233	4,219
Accumulated Amortization	(2,872)	(2,217)
Net Carrying Amount	1,361	2,002
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	392	373
Accumulated Amortization	(160)	(143)
Net Carrying Amount	232	230
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	37,597	36,843
Accumulated Amortization	(8,542)	(6,582)
Net Carrying Amount	29,055	30,261
Trademarks and trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	10,078	10,018
Accumulated Amortization	(3,879)	(3,238)
Net Carrying Amount	6,199	6,780
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	35,765	35,550
Accumulated Amortization	(13,477)	(11,304)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 22,288	$ 24,246
Weighted Average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	15 years
Weighted Average | Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	5 years	5 years
Weighted Average | Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	10 years	10 years
Weighted Average | Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	17 years	18 years
Weighted Average | Trademarks and trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	14 years	14 years
Weighted Average | Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years	14 years	14 years

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Schedule of Expected Amortization Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2017	$ 1,782
2018	7,024
2019	6,302
2020	5,980
2021	5,960
2022 and thereafter	32,087
Net Carrying Amount	$ 59,135	$ 63,519

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Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts Receivable Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Allowance doubtful accounts, receivables	$ 2,138	$ 1,417

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Inventories (Schedule of Inventory) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 58,588	$ 46,673
Work-in-process	30,507	21,716
Raw materials	19,851	18,032
Total inventories at current costs	108,946	86,421
Less: LIFO reserve	(4,911)	(3,178)
Inventory	$ 104,035	$ 83,243

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment - gross	$ 188,618,000		$ 188,618,000		$ 185,495,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of capitalized leases	90,082,000		90,082,000		81,522,000
Total property, plant and equipment, net	98,536,000		98,536,000		103,973,000
Asset impairment charge			0
Depreciation	3,178,000	$ 3,295,000	9,705,000	$ 10,620,000
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment - gross	14,866,000		14,866,000		14,826,000
Improvements to land and leaseholds
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment - gross	17,404,000		17,404,000		17,408,000
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment - gross	34,503,000		34,503,000		33,910,000
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under capitalized leases
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment - gross	120,414,000		120,414,000		118,060,000
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment - gross	$ 1,431,000		$ 1,431,000		$ 1,291,000

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Investments (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) a facility	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) a facility	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity investments	$ 151		$ 151		$ 4,031
Assets held for sale	3,875		3,875
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments	50	$ (263)	(5)	$ (946)
Reclassified
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity investments	(4,288)		(4,288)
Assets held for sale	$ 4,288		$ 4,288
LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment, ownership percentage	45.00%		45.00%
Equity investments	$ 0		$ 0		3,902
Other than temporary impairment of equity method investment	413		0
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments	$ 434	$ (276)	$ 386	$ (1,001)
Line of credit, maximum lending capacity					1,350
Due from joint ventures, current					$ 1,235
LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC | Capital Leased Land
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Area of land | a	5		5
Capital leased assets, number of units | facility	2		2
Capital lease length of renewal term			5 years 6 months
Capital Leases, monthly rent			$ 17
Capital leases balloon payment in direct financing leases	$ 488		$ 488
LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC | Other Joint Venture Member
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment, ownership percentage	45.00%		45.00%		45.00%
LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC | Third Party
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment, ownership percentage	45.00%		45.00%
Other equity investments
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity investments	$ 151		$ 151		$ 129

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Investments (Schedule of Variable Interest Entities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Maximum exposure to loss	$ 5,880	$ 6,008
L B Pipe JV equity method investment | LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Maximum exposure to loss	3,875	3,902
Revolving line of credit | LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Maximum exposure to loss	1,235	1,235
Net investment in direct financing lease
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Maximum exposure to loss	$ 770	$ 871

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Investments (Schedule of Direct Financing Future Minimum Lease Payments for Capital Leases) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Investments [Abstract]
2017	$ 35
2018	150
2019	585
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Receivable, Total	$ 770

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Long-Term Debt and Related Matters (Narrative - United States) (Details)			3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 07, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 29, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term loan					$ 13,131,000		$ 30,000,000
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding					123,494,000		$ 127,073,000
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit Facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 195,000,000	$ 275,000,000
Term loan	$ 30,000,000
Leverage ratio in effect for the seventh quarter of a credit agreement	4.25
Leverage ratio in effect for the eighth quarter and remainder of a credit agreement	3.75
EBITDA required			$ 18,500,000		23,000,000
EBITDA required for seventh quarter					31,000,000
Maximum dividends, distributions, or redemptions allowed	$ 1,700,000	4,000,000
Loans and advances limit	5,000,000	10,000,000
Maximum asset sales allowed	25,000,000	25,000,000
Carryover of asset sales allowed	$ 15,000,000	$ 15,000,000
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Euro-rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	3.25%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Euro-rate | Lowest Tier
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	2.50%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Base Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	2.25%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Base Rate | Lowest Tier
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	1.50%
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Forecasted
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Fixed charge coverage ratio						1.00
Fixed charge coverage ratio after fifth quarter				1.25
Liquidity covenant				$ 25,000,000
PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding					425,000
Line of credit facility, current borrowing capacity					$ 46,081,000

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Long-Term Debt and Related Matters (Narrative - United Kingdom) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding	$ 123,494,000		$ 127,073,000
Foreign Line of Credit | NatWest Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit Facility, maximum borrowing capacity	2,010,000	£ 1,500,000
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding	0
Line of credit facility, current borrowing capacity	1,011,000
Foreign Line of Credit | Natwest Bank Outstanding Guarantees
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, amount outstanding	$ 999,000
Foreign Line of Credit | Base Rate | NatWest Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	2.50%

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Long-Term Debt and Related Matters (Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Revolving credit facility	$ 123,494	$ 127,073
Term loan	13,131	30,000
Capital leases and financing agreements	1,660	2,492
Total	138,285	159,565
Less current maturities	9,887	10,386
Long-term debt	$ 128,398	$ 149,179

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Fair Value Measurements (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ 2,026	$ 1,520	$ 6,315	$ 4,342
LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Other than temporary impairment of equity method investment	413		0
Swap
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	50,000		50,000
Interest expense	$ 98		$ 302

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Fair Value Measurements (Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 17	$ 16
Interest rate swaps	323	334
Total liabilities	323	334
Non domestic bank certificates of deposit
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Term deposits	17	16
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets	17	16
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Non domestic bank certificates of deposit
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Term deposits	17	16
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Interest rate swaps	323	334
Total liabilities	323	334
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Non domestic bank certificates of deposit
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Term deposits	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Non domestic bank certificates of deposit
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Term deposits	$ 0	$ 0

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Earning Per Common Share (Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Net income (loss)	$ 3,222	$ (5,982)	$ 3,824	$ (100,810)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding (shares)	10,341	10,296	10,332	10,264
Denominator for basic earnings per common share (shares)	10,341	10,296	10,332	10,264
Effect of dilutive securities:
Other stock compensation plans (shares)	138	0	103	0
Dilutive potential common shares (shares)	138	0	103	0
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions (shares)	10,479	10,296	10,435	10,264
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.31	$ (0.58)	$ 0.37	$ (9.82)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	0.31	(0.58)	0.37	(9.82)
Dividends paid per common share (usd per share)	$ 0	$ 0.04	$ 0	$ 0.12
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of earnings per share		34		80

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Stock-Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation			$ 1,228	$ 875
Expected cost on shares expected to vest	$ 4,140		$ 4,140
Recognition period for compensation expense not yet recognized			3 years 6 months
Excess income deficiency from share-based compensation			$ 0	124
Weighted average shares granted (usd per share)			$ 14.24
Performance Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	$ 503	$ 320
Fully-Vested Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Excess income deficiency from share-based compensation			$ 127	$ 124
Restricted Stock | Vesting Period 1
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period			4 years
Restricted Stock | Vesting Period 2
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period			3 years
Deferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period			3 years

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Stock-Based Compensation (Restricted Stock and Performance Unit Awards) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted average share price, beginning balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 21.66
Weighted average shares granted (usd per share) | $ / shares	14.24
Weighted average shares vested (usd per share) | $ / shares	28.88
Weighted average shares adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (usd per share) | $ / shares	18.33
Weighted average shares canceled (usd per share) | $ / shares	15.40
Weighted average share price, ending balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 16.48
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance (shares)	79,272
Granted (shares)	170,196
Vested (shares)	(22,808)
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (shares)	0
Canceled (shares)	(44,854)
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (shares)	181,806
Deferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance (shares)	0
Granted (shares)	24,927
Vested (shares)	0
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (shares)	0
Canceled (shares)	0
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (shares)	24,927
Performance Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance (shares)	63,690
Granted (shares)	120,583
Vested (shares)	0
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest (shares)	53,385
Canceled (shares)	(49,062)
Nonvested Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (shares)	188,596

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Retirement Plans (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of retirement plans	7
Defined benefit plan, number	3
Defined contribution plan, number	4
Description of postemployment benefits	The Company sponsors eight defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across our domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans.
United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plans, estimated future employer contributions in current fiscal year | $	$ 0
Canada
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, number	2
Post-retirement benefit plan number	1
United Kingdom
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, number	1
Defined contribution plan, number	2
Defined benefit plans, estimated future employer contributions in current fiscal year | $	$ 251
Defined benefit plan, contributions by employer | $	$ 188
Salaried Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, number	8

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Retirement Plans (Schedule Of Net Benefit Costs) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 0	$ 9	$ 0	$ 27
Interest cost	171	186	513	559
Expected return on plan assets	(178)	(179)	(533)	(538)
Recognized net actuarial loss	33	69	98	207
Net periodic pension cost	26	85	78	255
United Kingdom
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost	56	73	168	223
Expected return on plan assets	(67)	(82)	(201)	(250)
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount	4	5	12	15
Recognized net actuarial loss	72	38	216	116
Net periodic pension cost	$ 65	$ 34	$ 195	$ 104

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Retirement Plans (Schedule of Costs of Retirement Plans) (Details) - Salaried Benefit Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost	$ 561	$ 262	$ 1,749	$ 1,734
United States
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost	415	152	1,276	1,289
Canada
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost	53	46	167	164
United Kingdom
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost	$ 93	$ 64	$ 306	$ 281

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) tie	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) tie	Dec. 31, 2013 tie	Dec. 31, 2012 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Accrued warranty	$ 9,614				$ 10,154
Concrete ties manufactured | tie	3,000,000
Warranty period				10 years
Accrual for environmental loss	$ 6,255				6,270
Reserve for Concrete Ties
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Accrued warranty	$ 7,607				$ 7,574
Warranty period				5 years
2005 Contract
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Concrete ties manufactured ratio | tie	1.5
Period in which concrete ties will be replaced after sale	5 years
Warranty Policy
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Warranty period				15 years
Warranty Ratio				1
The UPRR
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Concrete ties manufactured | tie	1,600,000
Warranty period				5 years
Warranty Ratio				1.5
The UPRR | Reserve for Concrete Ties
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Litigation settlement amount				$ 12,000
Product warranty expense				$ 22,000
Cure period to claim		90 days
Change in standard product warranty accrual		$ 8,766
Unreconciled warranty ties | tie		90,100
The UPRR | Warranty Policy
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Ties manufactured that did not meet criteria to be covered as warranty replacement ties | tie			170,000

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Schedule of Product Warranty Liability) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual
Beginning balance	$ 10,154
Additions to warranty liability	3,203
Warranty liability utilized	(3,743)
Ending balance	$ 9,614

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Environmental Loss Contingencies) (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies
Environmental liability, beginning balance	$ 6,270
Additions to environmental obligations	7
Environmental obligations utilized	(22)
Environmental liability, ending balance	$ 6,255

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Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax provisions (benefit)	$ (208)	$ (3,379)	$ 698	$ (42,125)
Pretax losses	$ 3,014	$ (9,361)	$ 4,522	$ (142,935)
Effective income tax rate, Percent	(6.90%)	36.10%	15.40%	29.50%