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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Summary of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of March 31, 2019.
($ in millions)
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Counterparty
and cash
collateral
netting
 
Balance as of March 31, 2019
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government and agencies
$
255

 
$
283

 
$

 
 

 
$
538

Municipal

 
2,120

 
40

 
 

 
2,160

Corporate - public

 
12,302

 
35

 
 

 
12,337

Corporate - privately placed

 
5,582

 
97

 
 
 
5,679

Foreign government

 
178

 

 
 

 
178

ABS - CDO

 
23

 
6

 
 

 
29

ABS - consumer and other

 
356

 
25

 
 
 
381

RMBS

 
188

 

 
 

 
188

CMBS

 
35

 
2

 
 

 
37

Redeemable preferred stock

 
14

 

 
 

 
14

Total fixed income securities
255

 
21,081

 
205

 
 

 
21,541

Equity securities
1,162

 
16

 
106

 
 

 
1,284

Short-term investments
655

 
629

 

 
 

 
1,284

Other investments: Free-standing derivatives

 
79

 
1

 
$
(9
)
 
71

Separate account assets
3,024

 

 

 
 
 
3,024

Total recurring basis assets
5,096

 
21,805

 
312

 
(9
)
 
27,204

Non-recurring basis (1)

 

 
13

 


 
13

Total assets at fair value
$
5,096

 
$
21,805

 
$
325

 
$
(9
)
 
$
27,217

% of total assets at fair value
18.7
%
 
80.1
%
 
1.2
%
 
 %
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments reported at NAV

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
758

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
27,975

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$

 
$

 
$
(247
)
 
 

 
$
(247
)
Other liabilities: Free-standing derivatives

 
(22
)
 

 
$
3

 
(19
)
Total recurring basis liabilities at fair value
$

 
$
(22
)
 
$
(247
)
 
$
3

 
$
(266
)
% of total liabilities at fair value
%
 
8.2
%
 
92.9
%
 
(1.1
)%
 
100.0
%
 __________
(1) 
Includes $2 million of limited partnerships and $11 million of bank loans written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing OTTI impairments.

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2018.
($ in millions)
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Counterparty
and cash
collateral
netting
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. government and agencies
$
493

 
$
280

 
$

 
 

 
$
773

Municipal

 
2,156

 
39

 
 

 
2,195

Corporate - public

 
11,891

 
33

 
 

 
11,924

Corporate - privately placed

 
5,552

 
97

 
 
 
5,649

Foreign government

 
179

 

 
 

 
179

ABS - CDO

 
26

 
6

 
 

 
32

ABS - consumer and other

 
381

 
16

 
 
 
397

RMBS

 
197

 

 
 

 
197

CMBS

 
40

 

 
 

 
40

Redeemable preferred stock

 
14

 

 
 

 
14

Total fixed income securities
493

 
20,716

 
191

 
 

 
21,400

Equity securities
1,182

 
14

 
129

 
 

 
1,325

Short-term investments
443

 
367

 

 
 

 
810

Other investments: Free-standing derivatives

 
30

 
1

 
$
(8
)
 
23

Separate account assets
2,783

 

 

 
 
 
2,783

Total recurring basis assets at fair value
$
4,901

 
$
21,127

 
$
321

 
$
(8
)
 
$
26,341

% of total assets at fair value
18.6
%
 
80.2
%
 
1.2
%
 
 %
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments reported at NAV
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
787

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
27,128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$

 
$

 
$
(223
)
 
 

 
$
(223
)
Other liabilities: Free-standing derivatives

 
(7
)
 

 
$
2

 
(5
)
Total recurring basis liabilities at fair value
$

 
$
(7
)
 
$
(223
)
 
$
2

 
$
(228
)
% of total liabilities at fair value
%
 
3.1
%
 
97.8
%
 
(0.9
)%
 
100.0
%
 
Summary of quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements The following table summarizes quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements.
($ in millions)
Fair value
 
Valuation
technique
 
Unobservable
input
 
Range
 
Weighted
average
March 31, 2019
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts – Equity-indexed and forward starting options
$
(216
)
 
Stochastic cash flow model
 
Projected option cost
 
1.0 - 2.2%
 
1.74
%
December 31, 2018
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts – Equity-indexed and forward starting options
$
(184
)
 
Stochastic cash flow model
 
Projected option cost
 
1.0 - 2.2%
 
1.74
%
Schedule of rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
($ in millions)
 
 
Total gains (losses)
included in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
Net
income (1)
 
OCI
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Municipal
$
39

 
$

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
Corporate - public
33

 

 

 

 

 
Corporate - privately placed
97

 
(2
)
 
2

 
15

 

 
ABS - CDO
6

 

 

 

 

 
ABS - consumer and other
16

 

 

 

 

 
CMBS

 

 

 
2

 

 
Total fixed income securities
191

 
(2
)
 
3

 
17

 

 
Equity securities
129

 
15

 

 

 

 
Free-standing derivatives, net
1

 

 

 

 

 
Total recurring Level 3 assets
$
321

 
$
13

 
$
3

 
$
17

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$
(223
)
 
$
(25
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities
$
(223
)
 
$
(25
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Issues
 
Settlements
 
Balance as of March 31, 2019
 
Assets
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
Municipal
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
40

 
Corporate - public
3

 

 

 
(1
)
 
35

 
Corporate - privately placed

 
(13
)
 

 
(2
)
 
97

 
ABS - CDO

 

 

 

 
6

 
ABS - consumer and other
12

 

 

 
(3
)
 
25

 
CMBS

 

 

 

 
2

 
Total fixed income securities
15

 
(13
)
 

 
(6
)
 
205

 
Equity securities

 
(38
)
 

 

 
106

 
Free-standing derivatives, net

 

 

 

 
1

(2) 
Total recurring Level 3 assets
$
15

 
$
(51
)
 
$

 
$
(6
)
 
$
312

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
(247
)
 
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
(247
)
 
 ____________
(1) 
The effect to net income totals $(12) million and is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows: $13 million in realized capital gains and losses, $(33) million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $8 million in contract benefits.
(2) 
Comprises $1 million of assets.






The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
($ in millions)
 
 
Total gains (losses) included in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2017
 
Net
income (1)
 
OCI
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Municipal
$
57

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
Corporate - public
49

 

 
(1
)
 
3

 

 
Corporate - privately placed
220

 

 
(2
)
 

 
(13
)
 
ABS - CDO
10

 

 

 

 

 
ABS - consumer and other
40

 

 

 
3

 

 
Total fixed income securities
376

 

 
(4
)
 
6

 
(13
)
 
Equity securities
90

 
1

 

 

 

 
Free-standing derivatives, net
1

 

 

 

 

 
Total recurring Level 3 assets
$
467

 
$
1

 
$
(4
)
 
$
6

 
$
(13
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$
(284
)
 
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities
$
(284
)
 
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Issues
 
Settlements
 
Balance as of March 31, 2018
 
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Municipal
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
56

 
Corporate - public

 
(1
)
 

 
(3
)
 
47

 
Corporate - privately placed
11

 

 

 
(1
)
 
215

 
ABS - CDO

 

 

 

 
10

 
ABS - consumer and other
3

 
(4
)
 

 
(1
)
 
41

 
Total fixed income securities
14

 
(5
)
 

 
(5
)
 
369

 
Equity securities
8

 

 

 

 
99

 
Free-standing derivatives, net

 

 

 

 
1

(2) 
Total recurring Level 3 assets
$
22

 
$
(5
)
 
$

 
$
(5
)
 
$
469

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2

 
$
(260
)
 
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2

 
$
(260
)
 
__________
(1) 
The effect to net income totals $24 million and is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows: $1 million in realized capital gains and losses, $19 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $4 million in contract benefits.
(2) 
Comprises $1 million of assets.
Schedule of change in unrealized gains and losses included in net income for Level 3 assets and liabilities held The following table provides valuation changes included in net income for Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31.
($ in millions)
Three months ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Assets
 

 
 

Equity securities
$
2

 
$
1

Total recurring Level 3 assets
$
2

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 
 

Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts
$
(25
)
 
$
23

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities
$
(25
)
 
$
23

Schedule of carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value Financial assets
($ in millions)
 
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair value level
 
Carrying
value
 
Fair
value
 
Carrying
value
 
Fair
value
Mortgage loans
 
Level 3
 
$
4,034

 
$
4,132

 
$
3,995

 
$
4,028

Bank loans
 
Level 3
 
394

 
383

 
422

 
408

Agent loans
 
Level 3
 
639

 
639

 
620

 
617

Financial liabilities
($ in millions)
 
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair value level
 
Carrying
value
 
Fair
value
 
Carrying
value
 
Fair
value
Contractholder funds on investment contracts
 
Level 3
 
$
8,979

 
$
9,590

 
$
9,213

 
$
9,629

Liability for collateral
 
Level 2
 
587

 
587

 
525

 
525

Notes due to related parties
 
Level 3
 
140

 
140

 
140

 
138