Reinsurance

The effects of reinsurance on premiums and contract charges are as follows:



($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Direct	$	185		$	180
Assumed
Affiliate	60			53
Non-affiliate	189			198
Ceded
Affiliate	(13		)	(13		)
Non-affiliate	(68		)	(70		)
Premiums and contract charges, net of reinsurance	$	353		$	348

The effects of reinsurance on contract benefits are as follows:



($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Direct	$	257		$	259
Assumed
Affiliate	34			29
Non-affiliate	134			116
Ceded
Affiliate	(12		)	(8		)
Non-affiliate	(43		)	(42		)
Contract benefits, net of reinsurance	$	370		$	354

The effects of reinsurance on interest credited to contractholder funds are as follows:



($ in millions)	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Direct	$	130		$	136
Assumed
Affiliate	2			2
Non-affiliate	25			33
Ceded
Affiliate	(5		)	(5		)
Non-affiliate	(4		)	(5		)
Interest credited to contractholder funds, net of reinsurance	$	148		$	161