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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(2)          Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect necessary adjustments, all of which were of a recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed herein, and are in the opinion of our management necessary for a fair presentation.

Principles of Consolidation. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SilverBow and its wholly owned subsidiary, SilverBow Resources Operating LLC, which are engaged in the exploration, development, acquisition, and operation of oil and gas properties, with a focus on oil and natural gas reserves in the Eagle Ford and Austin Chalk trend in Texas. Our undivided interests in oil and gas properties are accounted for using the proportionate consolidation method, whereby our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses are included in the appropriate classifications in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in preparing the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Stockholder Rights Agreement. On September 20, 2022, the Board adopted a stockholder rights agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) and declared a dividend distribution of one right (each, a “Right” and together with all such rights distributed or issued pursuant to the Rights Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2022, by and between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent, the “Rights”) for each outstanding share of Company common stock to holders of record on October 5, 2022. In the event that a person or group acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the Company’s then-outstanding common stock, subject to certain exceptions, each Right would entitle its holder (other than such person or members of such group) to purchase additional shares of Company common stock at a substantial discount to the public market price. In addition, at any time after a person or group acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding common stock, subject to certain exceptions, the Board may direct the Company to exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such person or certain related parties, which will have become null and void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of common stock per Right (subject to adjustment). While in effect, the Rights Agreement could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of the Company or a large block of the common stock of the Company without the approval of the Board. On May 16, 2023, the Company and the rights agent entered into an Amendment to the Rights Agreement (the “Amendment”) that amended the Rights Agreement to extend the expiration date until the close of business on the first day following the date of the Company’s first annual meeting of its stockholders that occurs after (but not on) the date of the Amendment. The Rights Agreement, as amended, will expire on the earliest of (a) 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the first business day after the 2024 annual stockholders’ meeting, (b) the time at which the Rights are redeemed and (c) the time at which the Rights are exchanged in full.
Subsequent Events. We have evaluated subsequent events requiring potential accrual or disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2024, the Company entered into a non-cash exchange agreement with a third party to receive approximately 7,700 net acres and working interest in multiple wells in La Salle and McMullen counties. The Company will transfer approximately 5,100 net acres and working interest in 13 wells in DeWitt, Lavaca and McMullen counties. The exchange is subject to customary purchase price adjustments.
Through April 30, 2024, the Company entered into additional derivative contracts. The following tables summarize the weighted-average prices as well as future production volumes for our future derivative contracts entered into after March 31, 2024:
Oil Derivative Contracts
(NYMEX WTI Settlements)		Total Volumes
(Bbls)		Weighted-Average Price
Swap Contracts
2024 Contracts
3Q2492,000 $80.47 
4Q2492,000 $80.47 
2025 Contracts
1Q25180,000 $76.00 
2Q25182,000 $75.18 
3Q25184,000 $74.46 
4Q25184,000 $73.85 
Oil Basis Swaps
(Argus Cushing (WTI) and Magellan East Houston)		Total Volumes
(MMBtu)		Weighted-Average Price
2025 Contracts
1Q25180,000 $1.80 
2Q25182,000 $1.80 
3Q25184,000 $1.80 
4Q25184,000 $1.80 
Calendar Monthly Roll Differential Swaps
2025 Contracts
1Q25180,000 $0.50 
2Q25182,000 $0.50 
3Q25184,000 $0.50 
4Q25184,000 $0.50 
Natural Gas Derivative Contracts
(NYMEX Henry Hub Settlements)		Total Volumes
(MMBtu)		Weighted-Average Collar Floor Price Weighted-Average Collar Call Price
Collar Contracts
2025 Contracts
4Q25920,000 $3.50 $4.38 
Natural Gas Basis Derivative Swaps
(East Texas Houston Ship Channel vs. NYMEX Settlements)		Total Volumes
(MMBtu)		Weighted-Average Price
2024 Contracts
4Q24920,000 $(0.49)
2025 Contracts
1Q253,600,000 $(0.30)
2Q253,640,000 $(0.30)
3Q253,680,000 $(0.30)
4Q253,680,000 $(0.30)

There were no other material subsequent events requiring additional disclosure in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during each reporting period. Such estimates and assumptions are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from such estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions underlying these financial statements include:

•the estimated quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves used to compute depletion of oil and natural gas properties, the related present value of estimated future net cash flows therefrom, and the Ceiling Test (as defined below) impairment calculation,
•estimates related to the collectability of accounts receivable and the creditworthiness of our customers,
•estimates of the counterparty bank risk related to letters of credit that our customers may have issued on our behalf,
•estimates of future costs to develop and produce reserves,
•accruals related to oil and gas sales, capital expenditures and lease operating expenses,
•estimates in the calculation of share-based compensation expense,
•estimates of our ownership in properties prior to final division of interest determination,
•the estimated future cost and timing of asset retirement obligations,
•estimates made in our income tax calculations, including the valuation of our deferred tax assets,
•estimates in the calculation of the fair value of commodity derivative assets and liabilities,
•estimates in the assessment of current litigation claims against the Company,
•estimates used in the assessment of business combinations and asset purchases,
•estimates in amounts due with respect to open state regulatory audits, and
•estimates on future lease obligations.

While we are not currently aware of any material revisions to any of our estimates, there will likely be future revisions to our estimates resulting from matters such as new accounting pronouncements, changes in ownership interests, payouts, joint venture audits, reallocations by purchasers or pipelines, or other corrections and adjustments common in the oil and gas industry, many of which relate to prior periods. These types of adjustments cannot be currently estimated and are expected to be recorded in the period during which the adjustments are known.

We are subject to legal proceedings, claims, liabilities and environmental matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We accrue for losses when such losses are considered probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated.

Property and Equipment. We follow the “full-cost” method of accounting for oil and natural gas property and equipment costs. Under this method of accounting, all productive and nonproductive costs incurred in the exploration, development, and acquisition of oil and natural gas reserves are capitalized. Such costs may be incurred both prior to and after the acquisition of a property and include lease acquisitions, geological and geophysical services, drilling, completion, and equipment. Internal costs incurred that are directly identified with exploration, development, and acquisition activities undertaken by us for our own account, and which are not related to production, general corporate overhead, or similar activities, are also capitalized. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, such internal costs capitalized totaled $1.1 million
and $1.4 million, respectively. Interest costs are also capitalized to unproved oil and natural gas properties. There was no capitalized interest on our unproved properties for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The “Property and Equipment” balances on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are summarized for presentation purposes. The following is a detailed breakout of our “Property and Equipment” balances (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Property and Equipment  
Proved oil and gas properties$3,671,913 $3,562,268 
Unproved oil and gas properties30,899 28,375 
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment6,657 6,517 
Less – Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization & impairment(1,315,364)(1,223,241)
Property and Equipment, Net$2,394,105 $2,373,919 

No gains or losses are recognized upon the sale or disposition of oil and natural gas properties, except in transactions involving a significant amount of reserves or where the proceeds from the sale of oil and natural gas properties would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and natural gas attributable to a cost center. Internal costs associated with selling properties are expensed as incurred.

We compute the provision for depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) of oil and natural gas properties using the unit-of-production method. Under this method, we compute the provision by multiplying the total unamortized costs of oil and natural gas properties, including future development costs, gas processing facilities, and both capitalized asset retirement obligations and undiscounted abandonment costs of wells to be drilled, net of salvage values, but excluding costs of unproved properties, by an overall rate determined by dividing the physical units of oil and natural gas produced (which excludes natural gas consumed in operations) during the period by the total estimated units of proved oil and natural gas reserves (which excludes natural gas consumed in operations) at the beginning of the period. Future development costs are estimated on a property-by-property basis based on current economic conditions. The period over which we will amortize these properties is dependent on our production from these properties in future years. Furniture, fixtures and other equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated by the straight-line method at rates based on the estimated useful lives of the property, which range between two and 20 years. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.

Geological and geophysical (“G&G”) costs incurred on developed properties are recorded in “Proved oil and gas properties” and therefore subject to amortization. G&G costs incurred that are associated with unproved properties are capitalized in “Unproved oil and gas properties” and evaluated as part of the total capitalized costs associated with a prospect. The cost of unproved properties not being amortized is assessed quarterly, on a property-by-property basis, to determine whether such properties have been impaired. In determining whether such costs should be impaired, we evaluate current drilling results, lease expiration dates, current oil and gas industry conditions, economic conditions, capital availability and available geological and geophysical information. Any impairment assessed is added to the cost of proved properties being amortized.

Full-Cost Ceiling Test. At the end of each quarterly reporting period, the unamortized cost of oil and natural gas properties (including natural gas processing facilities, capitalized asset retirement obligations, net of related salvage values and deferred income taxes) is limited to the sum of the estimated future net revenues from proved properties (excluding cash outflows from recognized asset retirement obligations, including future development and abandonment costs of wells to be drilled, using the preceding 12-months’ average price based on closing prices on the first day of each month, adjusted for price differentials, discounted at 10% and the lower of cost or fair value of unproved properties) adjusted for related income tax effects (“Ceiling Test”).

The quarterly calculations of the Ceiling Test and provision for DD&A are based on estimates of proved reserves. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting the future rates of production, timing and plan of development. The accuracy of any reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Results of drilling, testing, and production subsequent to the date of the estimate may justify revision of such estimates. Accordingly, reserves estimates are often different from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered. There was no ceiling test write-down for either of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

If future capital expenditures outpace future discounted net cash flows in our reserve calculations, if we have significant declines in our oil and natural gas reserves volumes (which also reduces our estimate of discounted future net cash flows from proved oil and natural gas reserves) or if oil or natural gas prices decline, it is possible that non-cash write-downs of
our oil and natural gas properties will occur in the future. We cannot control and cannot predict what future prices for oil and natural gas will be; therefore, we cannot estimate the amount of any potential future non-cash write-down of our oil and natural gas properties due to decreases in oil or natural gas prices. However, it is reasonably possible that we will record Ceiling Test write-downs in future periods.

Accounts Receivable, Net. We assess the collectability of accounts receivable based on a broad range of reasonable and forward-looking information including historical losses, current economic conditions, future forecasts and contractual terms. The Company's credit losses based on these assessments are considered immaterial. At March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had an allowance for credit losses of less than $0.1 million. The allowance for credit losses has been deducted from the total “Accounts receivable, net” balance on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

At March 31, 2024, our “Accounts receivable, net” balance included $92.2 million for oil and gas sales, $14.7 million due from joint interest owners, $2.8 million for severance tax credit receivables and $15.8 million for other receivables. At December 31, 2023, our “Accounts receivable, net” balance included $91.9 million for oil and gas sales, $7.0 million due from joint interest owners, $7.2 million for severance tax credit receivables, $18.1 million for accrued purchase price adjustments related to the South Texas Acquisition and $14.1 million for other receivables. At December 31, 2022, our “Accounts receivable, net” balance included $70.9 million for oil and gas sales, $5.6 million for joint interest owners, $4.3 million for severance tax credit receivables and $8.9 million for other receivables.

Supervision Fees. Consistent with industry practice, we charge a supervision fee to the wells we operate, including our wells, in which we own up to a 100% working interest. Supervision fees are recorded as a reduction to “General and administrative, net,” on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The amount of supervision fees charged for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 did not exceed our actual costs incurred. The total amount of supervision fees charged to the wells we operated was $5.4 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Income Taxes. Deferred taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, given the provisions of the enacted tax laws. The Company's effective tax rate was approximately 24% and 22% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and an income tax provision of $26.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. The tax impact for both periods was a product of the overall forecasted annual effective tax rate applied to the year-to-date income.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 382”) imposes limitations on a corporation’s ability to utilize its net operating losses (“NOLs”) if it experiences an ownership change. Generally, an “ownership change” occurs if one or more shareholders, each of whom is deemed to own five percent or more in value of a corporation’s stock, increase their aggregate percentage ownership by more than 50 percent over the lowest percentage of stock owned by those shareholders at any time during the preceding three-year period. In the event of an ownership change, utilization of the NOLs would be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. We believe we had an ownership change in August 2022 and, therefore, are subject to an annual limitation on the usage of our NOLs generated prior to the ownership change. However, we do not expect to have any of our NOLs expire before becoming available to be utilized by the Company. Management will continue to monitor the potential impact of Section 382 with respect to our NOLs.

Our policy is to record interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we did not have any accrued liability for uncertain tax positions and do not anticipate recognition of any significant liabilities for uncertain tax positions during the next 12 months.

Revenue Recognition. Substantially all of our revenues are derived from sales of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). Revenues from each product stream are recognized at the point when control of the product is transferred to the customer and collectability is reasonably assured. Prices for our products are either negotiated on a monthly basis or tied to market indices. The Company has determined that these contracts represent performance obligations which are satisfied when control of the commodity transfers to the customer, typically through the delivery of the specified commodity to a designated delivery point. Natural gas revenues are recognized based on the actual volume of natural gas sold to the purchasers.
The following table provides information regarding our revenues, including oil and gas sales, by product, reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Revenues:
Oil$166,704 $74,655 
Natural gas53,123 52,922 
NGLs36,218 12,377 
Marketing635 — 
Total$256,680 $139,954 

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities. The “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” balances on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are summarized below (in thousands):
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Trade accounts payable$52,924 $32,225 
Accrued operating expenses26,183 23,104 
Accrued compensation costs7,281 10,208 
Asset retirement obligations – current portion1,597 1,576 
Accrued non-income based taxes10,447 3,870 
Accrued corporate and legal fees119 208 
WTI contingency payouts - current portion26,759 14,282 
Payable for settled derivatives2,828 967 
Other payables(1)
15,546 12,376 
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities$143,684 $98,816 
(1) At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included in Other Payables is $7.8 million in payables related to advances from joint interest owners in connection with our South Texas Acquisition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider all highly liquid instruments with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. These amounts do not include cash balances that are contractually restricted. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances with major financial institutions, which at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company monitors the financial condition of the financial institutions and has experienced no losses associated with these accounts. The Company did not have any cash equivalents at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Restricted Cash. Restricted cash includes amounts held in escrow accounts to satisfy plugging and abandonment obligations and operational maintenance projects.

The following table is a reconciliation of the total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows and their corresponding balance sheet presentation (in thousands):
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents$1,446 $969 
Current restricted cash (1)
2,200 2,200 
Long-term restricted cash (2)
5,560 5,560 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$9,206 $8,729 
(1) Current restricted cash is included in “Other Current Assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Long-term restricted cash is included in “Other Long-Term Assets” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Treasury Stock. Our treasury stock repurchases are reported at cost and are included in “Treasury stock, held at cost” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we purchased 17,949 treasury shares to satisfy withholding tax obligations arising upon the vesting of restricted shares. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we purchased 126,240 treasury shares to satisfy withholding tax obligations arising upon the vesting of restricted shares.
New Accounting Pronouncements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The guidance aims to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures primarily through improvements to the income tax rate reconciliation disclosure along with information on income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The guidance requires disclosures of certain general information related to the Company's segment. This includes information on the factors used to identify reportable segments, the types of products and services from which reportable segments generate revenues and whether operating segments have been aggregated. The new requirements will result in incremental disclosures in annual and interim reports. This guidance will apply to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements unless impracticable with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard.