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LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table:

(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial, financial and agricultural$2,758,716 $2,688,929 
Consumer232,993 241,552 
Indirect automobile24,022 34,257 
Mortgage warehouse891,336 818,728 
Municipal477,567 492,668 
Premium finance998,726 946,562 
Real estate – construction and development2,264,346 2,129,187 
Real estate – commercial and farmland8,131,248 8,059,754 
Real estate – residential4,821,306 4,857,666 
 $20,600,260 $20,269,303 

Accrued interest receivable on loans is reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets totaling $77.4 million and $79.2 million and at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company had no recorded allowance for credit losses related to accrued interest on loans at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Nonaccrual and Past-Due Loans

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged to interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment, approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. Past-due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms.

The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis:

(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial, financial and agricultural$16,760 $8,059 
Consumer 1,306 1,153 
Indirect automobile309 299 
Real estate – construction and development282 282 
Real estate – commercial and farmland10,777 11,295 
Real estate – residential(1)
135,252 130,029 
$164,686 $151,117 
(1) Included in real estate - residential were $84.2 million and $90.2 million of serviced GNMA-guaranteed nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was not material.

The following table presents an analysis of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses:

(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial, financial and agricultural$4,874 $2,049 
Real estate – commercial and farmland5,412 9,109 
Real estate – residential79,326 75,419 
$89,612 $86,577 

The following table presents an analysis of past-due loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(dollars in thousands)Loans
30-59
Days Past
Due
Loans
60-89
Days
Past Due
Loans 90
or More
Days Past
Due
Total
Loans
Past Due
Current
Loans
Total
Loans
Loans 90
Days or
More Past
Due and
Still
Accruing
March 31, 2024       
Commercial, financial and agricultural$15,809 $8,410 $6,437 $30,656 $2,728,060 $2,758,716 $3,925 
Consumer 2,341 1,548 362 4,251 228,742 232,993 — 
Indirect automobile82 60 118 260 23,762 24,022 — 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — 891,336 891,336 — 
Municipal— — — — 477,567 477,567 — 
Premium finance14,166 6,139 11,886 32,191 966,535 998,726 11,886 
Real estate – construction and development732 — 282 1,014 2,263,332 2,264,346 — 
Real estate – commercial and farmland1,858 429 7,138 9,425 8,121,823 8,131,248 — 
Real estate – residential45,648 14,427 132,284 192,359 4,628,947 4,821,306 — 
Total$80,636 $31,013 $158,507 $270,156 $20,330,104 $20,600,260 $15,811 
December 31, 2023       
Commercial, financial and agricultural$11,023 $5,439 $9,733 $26,195 $2,662,734 $2,688,929 $5,310 
Consumer 2,155 1,037 498 3,690 237,862 241,552 — 
Indirect automobile153 17 78 248 34,009 34,257 — 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — 818,728 818,728 — 
Municipal— — — — 492,668 492,668 — 
Premium finance12,379 6,832 11,678 30,889 915,673 946,562 11,678 
Real estate – construction and development2,094 — 282 2,376 2,126,811 2,129,187 — 
Real estate – commercial and farmland5,070 1,656 6,352 13,078 8,046,676 8,059,754 — 
Real estate – residential49,976 19,300 127,087 196,363 4,661,303 4,857,666 — 
Total$82,850 $34,281 $155,708 $272,839 $19,996,464 $20,269,303 $16,988 

Collateral-Dependent Loans

Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. If the Company determines that foreclosure is probable, these loans are written down to the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral.
The Company may, in the alternative, measure the allowance for credit loss as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the collateral.

The following table presents an analysis of individually evaluated collateral-dependent financial assets and related allowance for credit losses:

March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)BalanceAllowance for Credit LossesBalanceAllowance for Credit Losses
Commercial, financial and agricultural$13,864 $3,061 $5,889 $567 
Consumer380 343 — — 
Premium finance2,140 77 1,990 45 
Real estate – construction and development280 23 280 23 
Real estate – commercial and farmland9,867 67 11,114 108 
Real estate – residential26,936 2,749 21,102 2,654 
$53,467 $6,320 $40,375 $3,397 

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades:

Pass (Grades 1 - 5) – These grades represent acceptable credit risk to the Company based on factors including creditworthiness of the borrower, current performance and nature of the collateral.

Other Assets Especially Mentioned (Grade 6) – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard (Grade 7) – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values.

Doubtful (Grade 8) – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss (Grade 9) – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off.

The following tables present the loan portfolio's amortized cost by class of financing receivable, risk grade and year of origination (in thousands) as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Generally, current period renewals of credit are underwritten again at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the tables below. The Company had an immaterial amount of revolving loans which converted to term loans and the amortized cost basis of those loans is included in the applicable origination year. There were no loans risk graded 8 or 9 at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
As of March 31, 2024
Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Commercial, Financial and Agricultural
Risk Grade:
Pass$297,252 $779,128 $705,529 $344,701 $80,504 $78,229 $433,576 $2,718,919 
6— 216 1,274 1,656 986 982 10,266 15,380 
7— 1,087 3,976 8,470 726 8,649 1,509 24,417 
Total commercial, financial and agricultural$297,252 $780,431 $710,779 $354,827 $82,216 $87,860 $445,351 $2,758,716 
Current-period gross charge offs— 6,172 5,557 2,662 428 476 — 15,295 
Consumer
Risk Grade:
Pass$19,721 $28,572 $15,117 $4,738 $23,350 $33,590 $106,128 $231,216 
6— — — — 23 — 28 
7— 230 185 40 252 557 485 1,749 
Total consumer$19,721 $28,802 $15,307 $4,778 $23,602 $34,170 $106,613 $232,993 
Current-period gross charge offs146 71 290 383 198 1,091 
Indirect Automobile
Risk Grade:
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $23,584 $— $23,584 
7— — — — — 438 — 438 
Total indirect automobile$— $— $— $— $— $24,022 $— $24,022 
Current-period gross charge offs— — — — — 65 — 65 
Mortgage Warehouse
Risk Grade:
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $863,383 $863,383 
6— — — — — — 27,953 27,953 
Total mortgage warehouse$— $— $— $— $— $— $891,336 $891,336 
Current-period gross charge offs— — — — — — — — 
Municipal
Risk Grade:
Pass$12,903 $9,407 $29,637 $37,933 $170,942 $214,285 $2,460 $477,567 
Total municipal$12,903 $9,407 $29,637 $37,933 $170,942 $214,285 $2,460 $477,567 
Current-period gross charge offs— — — — — — — — 
Premium Finance
Risk Grade:
Pass$511,184 $473,140 $1,358 $1,158 $— $— $— $986,840 
730 11,712 144 — — — — 11,886 
Total premium finance$511,214 $484,852 $1,502 $1,158 $— $— $— $998,726 
Current-period gross charge offs1,831 168 — — — — 2,006 
As of March 31, 2024
Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Real Estate – Construction and Development
Risk Grade:
Pass$108,222 $408,184 $1,089,607 $467,028 $36,444 $77,819 $75,518 $2,262,822 
6— — 281 68 — 301 — 650 
7— 80 — 301 — 493 — 874 
Total real estate – construction and development$108,222 $408,264 $1,089,888 $467,397 $36,444 $78,613 $75,518 $2,264,346 
Current-period gross charge offs— — — — — — — — 
Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland
Risk Grade:
Pass$75,366 $460,496 $1,930,487 $2,191,428 $1,085,100 $2,143,332 $96,186 $7,982,395 
6— 1,359 — 3,527 16,579 69,058 — 90,523 
7— 426 17,369 15,895 2,620 22,020 — 58,330 
Total real estate – commercial and farmland$75,366 $462,281 $1,947,856 $2,210,850 $1,104,299 $2,234,410 $96,186 $8,131,248 
Current-period gross charge offs— — — — — — — — 
Real Estate - Residential
Risk Grade:
Pass$60,319 $694,668 $1,388,718 $1,125,575 $497,316 $628,555 $279,425 $4,674,576 
6— 12 37 71 231 1,355 985 2,691 
7— 9,665 27,429 32,144 26,626 44,994 3,181 144,039 
Total real estate - residential$60,319 $704,345 $1,416,184 $1,157,790 $524,173 $674,904 $283,591 $4,821,306 
Current-period gross charge offs— — — — — — — — 
Total Loans
Risk Grade:
Pass$1,084,967 $2,853,595 $5,160,453 $4,172,561 $1,893,656 $3,199,394 $1,856,676 $20,221,302 
6— 1,587 1,597 5,322 17,796 71,719 39,204 137,225 
730 23,200 49,103 56,850 30,224 77,151 5,175 241,733 
Total loans$1,084,997 $2,878,382 $5,211,153 $4,234,733 $1,941,676 $3,348,264 $1,901,055 $20,600,260 
Total current-period gross charge offs8,149 5,796 2,664 718 924 198 18,457 
As of December 31, 2023
Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Commercial, Financial and Agricultural
Risk Grade:
Pass$892,951 $758,471 $384,830 $95,055 $56,447 $41,095 $432,472 $2,661,321 
6— 335 5,722 92 109 451 803 7,512 
71,512 3,595 3,222 1,140 3,533 5,748 1,346 20,096 
Total commercial, financial and agricultural$894,463 $762,401 $393,774 $96,287 $60,089 $47,294 $434,621 $2,688,929 
Consumer
Risk Grade:
Pass$44,736 $17,661 $5,878 $25,654 $15,838 $20,937 $109,214 $239,918 
6— — — — 26 — 31 
7154 181 41 334 197 531 165 1,603 
Total consumer$44,890 $17,847 $5,919 $25,988 $16,035 $21,494 $109,379 $241,552 
Indirect Automobile
Risk Grade:
Pass$— $— $— $— $6,086 $27,646 $— $33,732 
7— — — — 55 470 — 525 
Total indirect automobile$— $— $— $— $6,141 $28,116 $— $34,257 
Mortgage Warehouse
Risk Grade:
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $772,366 $772,366 
6— — — — — — 46,362 46,362 
Total mortgage warehouse$— $— $— $— $— $— $818,728 $818,728 
Municipal
Risk Grade:
Pass$14,216 $27,346 $48,941 $177,156 $14,655 $208,236 $2,118 $492,668 
Total municipal$14,216 $27,346 $48,941 $177,156 $14,655 $208,236 $2,118 $492,668 
Premium Finance
Risk Grade:
Pass$928,930 $4,038 $1,916 $— $— $— $— $934,884 
710,777 901 — — — — — 11,678 
Total premium finance$939,707 $4,939 $1,916 $— $— $— $— $946,562 
As of December 31, 2023
Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Real Estate – Construction and Development
Risk Grade:
Pass$457,077 $938,909 $505,254 $58,840 $54,646 $30,042 $81,662 $2,126,430 
6— — — — — 479 — 479 
7— 266 1,512 — — 500 — 2,278 
Total real estate – construction and development$457,077 $939,175 $506,766 $58,840 $54,646 $31,021 $81,662 $2,129,187 
Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland
Risk Grade:
Pass$450,315 $1,890,498 $2,133,833 $1,090,735 $765,640 $1,437,323 $100,206 $7,868,550 
6— 17,131 53,329 — 30,200 46,370 — 147,030 
7428 418 15,578 2,660 6,106 18,984 — 44,174 
Total real estate – commercial and farmland$450,743 $1,908,047 $2,202,740 $1,093,395 $801,946 $1,502,677 $100,206 $8,059,754 
Real Estate - Residential
Risk Grade:
Pass$714,684 $1,425,186 $1,148,092 $506,137 $236,147 $423,648 $262,968 $4,716,862 
613 — 72 201 234 1,411 380 2,311 
75,057 26,171 28,459 30,566 19,357 25,263 3,620 138,493 
Total real estate - residential$719,754 $1,451,357 $1,176,623 $536,904 $255,738 $450,322 $266,968 $4,857,666 
Total Loans
Risk Grade:
Pass$3,502,909 $5,062,109 $4,228,744 $1,953,577 $1,149,459 $2,188,927 $1,761,006 $19,846,731 
613 17,471 59,123 293 30,543 48,737 47,545 203,725 
717,928 31,532 48,812 34,700 29,248 51,496 5,131 218,847 
Total loans$3,520,850 $5,111,112 $4,336,679 $1,988,570 $1,209,250 $2,289,160 $1,813,682 $20,269,303 

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The allowance for credit losses represents an allowance for expected losses over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio.

Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (the “FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Commercial loans are charged off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to an Asset Quality Rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged off.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the allowance for credit losses consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of loans with similar risk characteristics for which
the historical loss experience was observed. The Company utilizes a one year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters after the reasonable and supportable forecast period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses increased due to the current economic forecast and organic loan growth during the period. The allowance for credit losses was determined at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 using the Moody's baseline scenario economic forecast. The current forecast reflects, among other things, an increase in forecast levels of rental vacancies compared with the forecast at December 31, 2023.

The following tables detail activity and end of period balances in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)Commercial,
Financial and
Agricultural
ConsumerIndirect AutomobileMortgage WarehouseMunicipalPremium Finance
Balance, December 31, 2023$64,053 $3,902 $50 $1,678 $345 $602 
Provision for loan losses12,147 900 (134)145 (282)(431)
Loans charged off(15,295)(1,091)(65)— — (2,006)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off2,899 192 185 — — 2,451 
Balance, March 31, 2024$63,804 $3,903 $36 $1,823 $63 $616 
Real Estate – Construction and DevelopmentReal Estate –
Commercial and
Farmland
Real Estate –
Residential
Total
Balance, December 31, 2023$61,017 $110,097 $65,356 $307,100 
Provision for loan losses11,148 474 1,556 25,523 
Loans charged off— — — (18,457)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off85 42 5,857 
Balance, March 31, 2024$72,168 $110,656 $66,954 $320,023 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)Commercial,
Financial and
Agricultural
ConsumerIndirect AutomobileMortgage WarehouseMunicipalPremium Finance
Balance, December 31, 2022$39,455 $5,413 $174 $2,118 $357 $1,025 
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2022-02(105)— — — — — 
Provision for loan losses16,078 323 (219)(194)(3)(93)
Loans charged off(12,233)(1,140)(34)— — (1,421)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off2,043 297 216 — — 1,382 
Balance, March 31, 2023$45,238 $4,893 $137 $1,924 $354 $893 
Real Estate – Construction and DevelopmentReal Estate –
Commercial and
Farmland
Real Estate –
Residential
Total
Balance, December 31, 2022$32,659 $67,433 $57,043 $205,677 
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2022-02(37)(722)(847)(1,711)
Provision for loan losses10,119 20,369 2,996 49,376 
Loans charged off— — (128)(14,956)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off100 44 190 4,272 
Balance, March 31, 2023$42,841 $87,124 $59,254 $242,658 
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company periodically provides modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications include either payment deferrals, term extensions, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness or combinations of modification types. The determination of whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of the modification. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of principal forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses with a corresponding reduction in the amortized cost basis of the loan.

The following table shows the amortized cost basis of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted during the three months ended of March 31, 2024, and 2023:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)Term ExtensionCombination of Term Extension and Rate ReductionTotalPercentage of Total Class of Financial Receivable
Real estate – residential$3,519 $534 $4,053 0.1 %
Total$3,519 $534 $4,053 — %
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)Payment DeferralTotalPercentage of Total Class of Financial Receivable
Commercial, financial and agricultural$843 $843 — %
Total$843 $843 — %

The Company had unfunded commitments to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company has modified their loans of $446,000 and $1.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Term Extension
Loan TypeFinancial Effect
Real estate - residential
Maturity dates were extended for a weighted average of 76 months
Interest Rate Reduction
Combination of Term Extension and Rate Reduction
Loan TypeFinancial Effect
Real estate - residential
Maturity date was extended 134 months and rate was reduced by 1.50%


Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Payment Deferral
Loan TypeFinancial Effect
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Payments were reduced approximately 32% for three months before returning to a fully amortizing payment structure thereafter.
The Company monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the last 12 months:

As of March 31, 2024

(dollars in thousands)
Current30-59
Days Past Due
60-89
Days Past Due
90 or More Days Past DueTotal
Commercial, financial and agricultural$5,029 $— $— $— $5,029 
Real estate – commercial and farmland5,875 — — 1,115 6,990 
Real estate – residential$8,547 $648 $235 $1,980 $11,410 
Total$19,451 $648 $235 $3,095 $23,429 

As of December 31, 2023

(dollars in thousands)
Current30-59
Days Past Due
60-89
Days Past Due
90 or More Days Past DueTotal
Commercial, financial and agricultural$4,018 $355 $— $799 $5,172 
Real estate – commercial and farmland6,692 1,129 — — 7,821 
Real estate – residential$5,113 $711 $442 $1,106 $7,372 
Total$15,823 $2,195 $442 $1,905 $20,365 

The following table provides the amortized cost basis of financing receivables that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no payment defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

(dollars in thousands)Term ExtensionPayment DeferralCombination of Term Extension and Rate ReductionTotal
Real estate – commercial and farmland$— $1,115 $— $1,115 
Real estate – residential2,215 191 456 2,862 
Total$2,215 $1,306 $456 $3,977