INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate for each of the periods reported differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to variation in contribution to consolidated pre-tax income from each jurisdiction for the respective periods, differences between the U.S. and foreign tax rates (which range from 20% to 33%), permanent differences between book and taxable income, income or loss attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder, and changes to valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets.

Arcadia is treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes. With the exception of certain state taxes, income or loss flows through to the shareholders and is taxed at the shareholder level. Tax impacts related to income or loss from Arcadia that are included in consolidated pretax results but are attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder are not included in the consolidated income tax provision.

We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use existing deferred tax assets. Additionally, a three-year cumulative loss at a consolidated financial statement level may be viewed as negative evidence impacting a jurisdiction that by itself is not in a three-year cumulative loss position. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, we did not record any adjustments to previously established valuation allowances, except for adjustments related to the changes in balances of the related deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to monitor the realizability of deferred tax assets and the need for valuation allowances and will record adjustments in the periods in which facts support such adjustments.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) provides that foreign earnings generally can be repatriated to the U.S. without federal tax consequence. We have assessed the assertion that cumulative earnings by our foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested. We continue to permanently reinvest the earnings of our international subsidiaries and therefore we do not provide for U.S. income taxes or withholding taxes that could result from the distribution of those earnings to the U.S. parent. If any such earnings were ultimately distributed to the U.S. in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if the shares of our international subsidiaries were sold or transferred, we could be subject to additional U.S. federal and state income taxes. Due to the multiple avenues in which earnings can be repatriated, and because a large portion of these earnings are not liquid, it is not practical to estimate the amount of additional taxes that might be payable on these amounts of undistributed foreign income.