Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Sep. 29, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accounting Policies	NOTE 1: Accounting Policies Nature of Operations Esterline Technologies Corporation (the Company) designs, manufactures and markets highly engineered products. The Company serves the aerospace and defense industry, primarily in the United States and Europe. The Company also serves the industrial/commercial and medical markets. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Classifications have been changed for certain amounts in prior periods to conform with the current year’s presentation. On June 5, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a change in the Company’s fiscal year end to the last Friday of September from the last Friday in October effective beginning with the year-ended on September 30, 2016. The Company reported its financial results for the 11-month transition period of November 1, 2014, through October 2, 2015, on the Transition Report on Form 10-K, and thereafter the Company will file an annual report for the twelve-month period ending the last Friday of September of each year, beginning with the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2016. Management Estimates To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Concentration of Risks The Company’s products are principally focused on the aerospace and defense industry, which includes military and commercial aircraft original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers, commercial airlines, and the United States and foreign governments. Sales directly to the U.S. government or indirectly through subcontractors to the U.S. government account for approximately 21% and 18% of sales in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. In addition, approximately 40% of our sales in fiscal 2017 were from the commercial aerospace market. Accordingly, the Company’s current and future financial performance is dependent on the economic condition of the aerospace and defense industry. The commercial aerospace and defense markets have historically been subject to cyclical downturns during periods of weak economic conditions or material changes arising from domestic or international events. Management believes that the Company’s sales are balanced across its customer base, which includes not only aerospace and defense customers but also medical and industrial commercial customers. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when the title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, there is persuasive evidence of an agreement, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is determinable, and the collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes product revenues at the point of shipment or delivery in accordance with the terms of sale. Sales are net of returns and allowances. Returns and allowances are generally not significant because products are manufactured to customer specification and are covered by the terms of the product warranty. Revenues and profits on fixed-price contracts with significant engineering as well as production requirements are recorded based on the achievement of contractual milestones and the ratio of total actual incurred costs to date to total estimated costs for each contract (cost-to-cost method). Types of milestones include design review and prototype completion. The Company reviews cost performance and estimates to complete on its ongoing contracts at least quarterly. The impact of revisions of profit estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. Provisions for anticipated losses on contracts are recorded in the period they become evident. When change orders have been approved by both the company and the customer for both scope and price and realization is deemed probable, the original contract price is adjusted and revenues are recognized on contract performance (as determined by the achievement of contractual milestones and the cost-to-cost method). For partially approved change orders, costs attributable to unpriced change orders are treated as costs of the contract performance in the period the costs are incurred. Claims are also recognized as contract revenue when approved by both the Company and the customer, based on contract performance. Research and Development Expenditures for internally-funded research and development are expensed as incurred. Customer-funded research and development projects performed under contracts are accounted for as work-in-process as work is performed and recognized as cost of sales and sales under the proportional performance method. Research and development expenditures are net of government assistance and tax subsidies, which are not contingent upon paying income tax. In addition, government assistance for research and development is recorded as a reduction of research and development expense when repayment royalties are contingent upon sales generated directly from the funded research and development. If reimbursement is not tied directly to sales generated from the funded research and development, the assistance is accounted for as a loan until the criteria for forgiveness have been met. Financial Instruments Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, foreign currency forward contracts, and from time to time interest rate swap agreements. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values because of the short-term maturities or expected settlement dates of these instruments. The fair market value of the Company’s long-term debt and short-term borrowings was estimated at $794.9 million and $870.5 million at the end of fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. These estimates were derived using discounted cash flows with interest rates and quoted market prices currently available to the Company for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Management The Company is subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates from the sale of products in currencies other than its functional currency. Furthermore, the Company has assets denominated in foreign currencies that are not offset by liabilities in such foreign currencies. The Company has significant operations in Canada, France, and the United Kingdom, and accordingly, the Company may experience gains or losses due to foreign exchange fluctuations. The Company’s policy is to hedge a portion of its forecasted transactions and a portion of its net monetary assets including the embedded derivatives in its backlog using forward exchange contracts in general, with maturities up to 24 months. These forward contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges. The portion of the net gain or loss on a derivative instrument that is effective as a hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity and is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining net gain or loss on the derivative in excess of the present value of the expected cash flows of the hedged transaction is recorded in earnings immediately. If a derivative does not qualify for hedge accounting, or a portion of the hedge is deemed ineffective, the change in fair value is recorded in earnings. The amount of hedge ineffectiveness has not been material in any of the three fiscal periods ended September 29, 2017. At September 29, 2017, and September 30, 2016, the notional value of foreign currency forward contracts accounted for as a cash flow hedge was $292.1 million and $308.2 million, respectively. The notional value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts include $70 million related to the hedge of a portion of its net monetary assets including the embedded derivatives in our backlog at both September 29, 2017, and September 30, 2016, respectively. The fair value of these contracts was an asset of $13.5 million and a liability of $4.9 million at September 29, 2017, and September 30, 2016, respectively. The Company does not enter into any forward contracts for trading purposes. In April 2015 the Company issued €330.0 million in 3.625% Senior Notes due April 2023 (2023 Notes) and requiring semi-annual interest payments in April and October each year until maturity. The Company designated the 2023 Notes and accrued interest as a hedge of the investment in certain foreign business units. The foreign currency gain or loss that is effective as a hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. To the extent that this hedge is ineffective, the foreign currency gain or loss is recorded in earnings. There was no ineffectiveness since inception of the hedge. Depending on the interest rate environment, the Company may enter into interest rate swap agreements to convert the variable interest rates on notes payable to fixed interest rates. Foreign Currency Translation Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into their U.S. dollar equivalents based on year-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates. Aggregate exchange gains and losses arising from the translation of foreign assets and liabilities are included in shareholders’ equity as a component of comprehensive income. Accumulated loss on foreign currency translation adjustment was $222.6 million, $268.8 million, and $226.0 million as of the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, September 30, 2016, and October 2, 2015, respectively. Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in results of operations and are primarily the result of revaluing assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency, the impact of changes in exchange rates, gains and losses on forward exchange contracts, and the change in value of foreign currency embedded derivatives in backlog. These foreign currency transactions resulted in an $11.9 million loss in fiscal 2017, a $19.8 million loss in fiscal 2016, and a $1.3 million gain in fiscal 2015. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Fair value of cash equivalents approximates carrying value. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice price for sales billed to customers. Accounts receivable are considered past due when outstanding more than normal trade terms allow. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established when losses are expected to be incurred. Accounts receivable are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts when the balance is considered to be uncollectible. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost method. Inventory cost includes material, labor and factory overhead. The Company defers pre-production engineering costs as work-in-process inventory in connection with long-term supply arrangements that include contractual guarantees for reimbursement from the customer. Inventory cost adjustments are recorded when inventory is considered to be excess or obsolete based upon an analysis of actual on-hand quantities on a part level basis to forecasted product demand and historical usage. Property, Plant and Equipment, and Depreciation Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost and includes expenditures for major improvements. Depreciation is generally provided on the straight-line method based upon estimated useful lives ranging from 15 to 30 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Depreciation expense was $58.2 million, $49.5 million, and $50.7 million for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Depreciation expense included in discontinued operations was $0.7 million in fiscal 2015. Assets under capital leases were $50.5 million, $48.2 million, and $40.7 million for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense of assets accounted for as capital leases is included with depreciation expense. The fair value of liabilities related to the retirement of property is recorded when there is a legal or contractual obligation to incur asset retirement costs and the costs can be estimated. The Company records the asset retirement cost by increasing the carrying cost of the underlying property by the amount of the asset retirement obligation. The asset retirement cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the underlying property. Debt Issuance Costs Costs incurred to issue debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using a method that approximates the effective interest method. Long-lived Asset Impairments The carrying amount of long-lived assets is reviewed periodically for impairment. An asset (other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets) is considered impaired when estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset. In the event the carrying amount of such asset is not deemed recoverable, the asset is adjusted to its estimated fair value. Fair value is generally determined based upon estimated discounted future cash flows. Assets of Business Held for Sale Assets held for sale are to be reported at lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Judgment is required in estimating the sales price of assets held for sale and the time required to sell the assets. These estimates are based upon available market data and operating cash flows of the assets held for sale. Contingencies The Company is party to various lawsuits and claims, both as plaintiff and defendant, and has contingent liabilities arising from the conduct of business. The Company is covered by insurance for general liability, product liability, workers’ compensation and certain environmental exposures, subject to certain deductible limits. The Company is self-insured for amounts less than our deductible and where no insurance is available. An estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. Goodwill and Intangibles Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually or when circumstances require. A reporting unit is generally defined at the operating segment level or at the component level one level below the operating segment, if said component constitutes a business. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units based upon the purchase price of the acquired unit, the valuation of acquired tangible and intangible assets, and liabilities assumed. When a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment test is required. This test involves allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, with the excess of fair value over allocated net assets representing the fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the estimated fair value of goodwill. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated period of benefit, ranging from 2 to 20 years. Amortization expense is reflected in selling, general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and takes into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that an impairment exists. Indefinite-lived intangible assets (other than goodwill) are tested annually for impairment or more frequently on an interim basis if circumstances require. Environmental Environmental exposures are provided for at the time they are known to exist or are considered probable and reasonably estimable. No provision has been recorded for environmental remediation costs which could result from changes in laws or other circumstances currently not known by the Company. Costs provided for future expenditures on environmental remediation are not discounted to present value. Pension Plan and Post-Retirement Benefit Plan Obligations The Company accounts for pension expense using the end of the fiscal year as its measurement date. Management selects appropriate assumptions including discount rate, rate of increase in future compensation levels and assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets and expected annual increases in costs of medical and other health care benefits in regard to the Company’s post-retirement benefit obligations. These assumptions are based upon historical results, the current economic environment and reasonable expectations of future events. Actual results which vary from assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods, and accordingly, are recognized in expense in these periods. Significant differences between our assumptions and actual experience or significant changes in assumptions could impact the pension costs and the pension obligation. Legal Expenses The Company recognizes legal costs related to loss contingencies when the expense is incurred. Share-Based Compensation The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Product Warranties Estimated product warranty expenses are recorded when the covered products are shipped to customers and recognized as revenue. Product warranty expense is estimated based upon the terms of the warranty program. Income Taxes The Company recognizes the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share also includes the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units. Common shares issuable from stock options that are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive were 637,800, 602,900, and 409,050 for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per share was 29,767,000, 29,490,000, and 30,729,000 for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute diluted earnings per share was 30,003,000, 29,764,000, and 31,215,000 for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In March 2017 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance on the presentation of the net periodic cost of postretirement benefit programs. The new standard requires sponsors of defined benefit postretirement plans to present the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost separate from the service cost component on the income statement. The new standard also requires that the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost no longer be capitalized within assets. The Company is evaluating the effect the standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures beyond the change in income statement presentation. This new standard is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019, with early adoption permitted. In January 2017 the FASB issued new guidance regarding the goodwill impairment test. The new guidance eliminates the Step 2 valuation test when evaluating goodwill for impairment. The new guidance requires that an entity performs its annual or interim goodwill test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2021, with early adoption permitted. In October 2016 the FASB issued new guidance regarding income taxes. The new guidance will require the tax effects of intercompany transactions, other than sales of inventory, to be recognized currently, eliminating an exception under current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in which the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers are deferred until the transferred asset is sold to a third party or otherwise recovered through use. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The guidance will be effective for the company in fiscal year 2019, with early adoption permitted. In August 2016 the FASB issued new guidance addressing how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019, with early adoption permitted. In June 2016 the FASB issued a new standard on the measurement of credit losses, which will impact the Company’s measurement of trade receivables. The new standard replaces the current incurred loss model with a forward-looking expected loss model that is likely to result in earlier recognition of losses. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The new standard is effective for the Company in 2021, with early adoption permitted, but not earlier than 2020. In March 2016 the FASB issued new guidance simplifying certain aspects of accounting for share-based payments. The key provision of the new standard requires that excess tax benefits and shortfalls be recorded as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement, rather than in equity. The Company adopted the new guidance in fiscal 2017, which resulted in a $2.3 million benefit to income tax expense and a favorable impact to operating cash flows of $2.3 million. The Company has also elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimate expected forfeitures, which resulted in a positive cumulative effect on retained earnings of $0.9 million and a reduction of additional paid-in capital of $0.9 million. In February 2016 the FASB issued a new lease accounting standard, which provides revised guidance on accounting for lease arrangements by both lessors and lessees. The central requirement of the new standard is that lessees must recognize lease-related assets and liabilities for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. The Company is evaluating the effect the standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The new standard is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted. In November 2015 the FASB issued new guidance requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet instead of separating those balances into current and noncurrent amounts. The new guidance is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance prospectively on April 1, 2016, and reclassified the current portion of net deferred tax assets and liabilities to net noncurrent deferred tax assets and liabilities. No prior periods were retrospectively adjusted. In May 2014 the FASB issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that effectively replaces all current guidance on the topic. The guidance permits the use of either a retrospective or a cumulative effect transition method. The Company has performed a review of the new guidance as compared to the Company’s current accounting practices. The Company has reviewed a representative sample of contracts and other agreements with customers and evaluated the provisions contained within these agreements compared with the amended guidance. This amended guidance is expected to change the revenue recognition practices for a number of revenue streams across our businesses; the most significant will be for certain U.S. government contracts and certain other contracts that meet one or more of the mandatory criteria, which will move revenue recognition from a “point-in-time” basis to an “over-time” basis. The on-going effect of recording revenue on an “over-time” basis is not expected to be materially different than under the historical guidance. The amended guidance is also expected to change the recognition of certain development costs that are contractually guaranteed for reimbursement by our customers. Contractually guaranteed reimbursements for development efforts are currently recognized as the development activities are performed. Under the amended guidance, the contractually guaranteed reimbursement specific to the development effort will be deferred as a contract liability and recognized as revenue when future products are delivered to the customer in cases where the Company does not transfer all intellectual property rights related to the development effort to the customer or does not have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. The costs associated with development effort under an arrangement with contractually guaranteed reimbursement will also be deferred, up to the amount reimbursed, and recognized through cost of goods sold as products are delivered to the customer. The on-going effect of deferring contractually guaranteed reimbursements and the related costs until products are delivered to the customer is not expected to be materially different than under the historical guidance. The new standard also significantly enhances required disclosures regarding revenue and related assets and liabilities. The Company is in the process of implementing changes to business processes, systems and internal controls required to adopt the new accounting standard. The updated standard becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to apply the standard using the cumulative effect transition basis, with a cumulative effect adjustment recognized at the beginning of fiscal year 2019.

NOTE 1: Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Esterline Technologies Corporation (the Company) designs, manufactures and markets highly engineered products. The Company serves the aerospace and defense industry, primarily in the United States and Europe. The Company also serves the industrial/commercial and medical markets.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Classifications have been changed for certain amounts in prior periods to conform with the current year’s presentation.

On June 5, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a change in the Company’s fiscal year end to the last Friday of September from the last Friday in October effective beginning with the year-ended on September 30, 2016. The Company reported its financial results for the 11-month transition period of November 1, 2014, through October 2, 2015, on the Transition Report on Form 10-K, and thereafter the Company will file an annual report for the twelve-month period ending the last Friday of September of each year, beginning with the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2016.

Management Estimates

To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Risks

The Company’s products are principally focused on the aerospace and defense industry, which includes military and commercial aircraft original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers, commercial airlines, and the United States and foreign governments. Sales directly to the U.S. government or indirectly through subcontractors to the U.S. government account for approximately 21% and 18% of sales in fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. In addition, approximately 40% of our sales in fiscal 2017 were from the commercial aerospace market. Accordingly, the Company’s current and future financial performance is dependent on the economic condition of the aerospace and defense industry. The commercial aerospace and defense markets have historically been subject to cyclical downturns during periods of weak economic conditions or material changes arising from domestic or international events. Management believes that the Company’s sales are balanced across its customer base, which includes not only aerospace and defense customers but also medical and industrial commercial customers.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when the title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, there is persuasive evidence of an agreement, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is determinable, and the collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes product revenues at the point of shipment or delivery in accordance with the terms of sale. Sales are net of returns and allowances. Returns and allowances are generally not significant because products are manufactured to customer specification and are covered by the terms of the product warranty.

Revenues and profits on fixed-price contracts with significant engineering as well as production requirements are recorded based on the achievement of contractual milestones and the ratio of total actual incurred costs to date to total estimated costs for each contract (cost-to-cost method). Types of milestones include design review and prototype completion. The Company reviews cost performance and estimates to complete on its ongoing contracts at least quarterly. The impact of revisions of profit estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. Provisions for anticipated losses on contracts are recorded in the period they become evident. When change orders have been approved by both the company and the customer for both scope and price and realization is deemed probable, the original contract price is adjusted and revenues are recognized on contract performance (as determined by the achievement of contractual milestones and the cost-to-cost method). For partially approved change orders, costs attributable to unpriced change orders are treated as costs of the contract performance in the period the costs are incurred. Claims are also recognized as contract revenue when approved by both the Company and the customer, based on contract performance.

Research and Development

Expenditures for internally-funded research and development are expensed as incurred. Customer-funded research and development projects performed under contracts are accounted for as work-in-process as work is performed and recognized as cost of sales and sales under the proportional performance method. Research and development expenditures are net of government assistance and tax subsidies, which are not contingent upon paying income tax. In addition, government assistance for research and development is recorded as a reduction of research and development expense when repayment royalties are contingent upon sales generated directly from the funded research and development. If reimbursement is not tied directly to sales generated from the funded research and development, the assistance is accounted for as a loan until the criteria for forgiveness have been met.

Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, foreign currency forward contracts, and from time to time interest rate swap agreements. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values because of the short-term maturities or expected settlement dates of these instruments. The fair market value of the Company’s long-term debt and short-term borrowings was estimated at $794.9 million and $870.5 million at the end of fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively. These estimates were derived using discounted cash flows with interest rates and quoted market prices currently available to the Company for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Management

The Company is subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates from the sale of products in currencies other than its functional currency. Furthermore, the Company has assets denominated in foreign currencies that are not offset by liabilities in such foreign currencies. The Company has significant operations in Canada, France, and the United Kingdom, and accordingly, the Company may experience gains or losses due to foreign exchange fluctuations.

The Company’s policy is to hedge a portion of its forecasted transactions and a portion of its net monetary assets including the embedded derivatives in its backlog using forward exchange contracts in general, with maturities up to 24 months. These forward contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges. The portion of the net gain or loss on a derivative instrument that is effective as a hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity and is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining net gain or loss on the derivative in excess of the present value of the expected cash flows of the hedged transaction is recorded in earnings immediately. If a derivative does not qualify for hedge accounting, or a portion of the hedge is deemed ineffective, the change in fair value is recorded in earnings. The amount of hedge ineffectiveness has not been material in any of the three fiscal periods ended September 29, 2017. At September 29, 2017, and September 30, 2016, the notional value of foreign currency forward contracts accounted for as a cash flow hedge was $292.1 million and $308.2 million, respectively. The notional value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts include $70 million related to the hedge of a portion of its net monetary assets including the embedded derivatives in our backlog at both September 29, 2017, and September 30, 2016, respectively. The fair value of these contracts was an asset of $13.5 million and a liability of $4.9 million at September 29, 2017, and September 30, 2016, respectively. The Company does not enter into any forward contracts for trading purposes.

In April 2015 the Company issued €330.0 million in 3.625% Senior Notes due April 2023 (2023 Notes) and requiring semi-annual interest payments in April and October each year until maturity. The Company designated the 2023 Notes and accrued interest as a hedge of the investment in certain foreign business units. The foreign currency gain or loss that is effective as a hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. To the extent that this hedge is ineffective, the foreign currency gain or loss is recorded in earnings. There was no ineffectiveness since inception of the hedge.

Depending on the interest rate environment, the Company may enter into interest rate swap agreements to convert the variable interest rates on notes payable to fixed interest rates.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into their U.S. dollar equivalents based on year-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates. Aggregate exchange gains and losses arising from the translation of foreign assets and liabilities are included in shareholders’ equity as a component of comprehensive income. Accumulated loss on foreign currency translation adjustment was $222.6 million, $268.8 million, and $226.0 million as of the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, September 30, 2016, and October 2, 2015, respectively.

Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in results of operations and are primarily the result of revaluing assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency, the impact of changes in exchange rates, gains and losses on forward exchange contracts, and the change in value of foreign currency embedded derivatives in backlog. These foreign currency transactions resulted in an $11.9 million loss in fiscal 2017, a $19.8 million loss in fiscal 2016, and a $1.3 million gain in fiscal 2015.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Fair value of cash equivalents approximates carrying value.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice price for sales billed to customers. Accounts receivable are considered past due when outstanding more than normal trade terms allow. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established when losses are expected to be incurred. Accounts receivable are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts when the balance is considered to be uncollectible.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost method. Inventory cost includes material, labor and factory overhead. The Company defers pre-production engineering costs as work-in-process inventory in connection with long-term supply arrangements that include contractual guarantees for reimbursement from the customer. Inventory cost adjustments are recorded when inventory is considered to be excess or obsolete based upon an analysis of actual on-hand quantities on a part level basis to forecasted product demand and historical usage.

Property, Plant and Equipment, and Depreciation

Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost and includes expenditures for major improvements. Depreciation is generally provided on the straight-line method based upon estimated useful lives ranging from 15 to 30 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Depreciation expense was $58.2 million, $49.5 million, and $50.7 million for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Depreciation expense included in discontinued operations was $0.7 million in fiscal 2015. Assets under capital leases were $50.5 million, $48.2 million, and $40.7 million for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense of assets accounted for as capital leases is included with depreciation expense. The fair value of liabilities related to the retirement of property is recorded when there is a legal or contractual obligation to incur asset retirement costs and the costs can be estimated. The Company records the asset retirement cost by increasing the carrying cost of the underlying property by the amount of the asset retirement obligation. The asset retirement cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the underlying property.

Debt Issuance Costs

Costs incurred to issue debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using a method that approximates the effective interest method.

Long-lived Asset Impairments

The carrying amount of long-lived assets is reviewed periodically for impairment. An asset (other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets) is considered impaired when estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset. In the event the carrying amount of such asset is not deemed recoverable, the asset is adjusted to its estimated fair value. Fair value is generally determined based upon estimated discounted future cash flows.

Assets of Business Held for Sale

Assets held for sale are to be reported at lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Judgment is required in estimating the sales price of assets held for sale and the time required to sell the assets. These estimates are based upon available market data and operating cash flows of the assets held for sale.

Contingencies

The Company is party to various lawsuits and claims, both as plaintiff and defendant, and has contingent liabilities arising from the conduct of business. The Company is covered by insurance for general liability, product liability, workers’ compensation and certain environmental exposures, subject to certain deductible limits. The Company is self-insured for amounts less than our deductible and where no insurance is available. An estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually or when circumstances require. A reporting unit is generally defined at the operating segment level or at the component level one level below the operating segment, if said component constitutes a business. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units based upon the purchase price of the acquired unit, the valuation of acquired tangible and intangible assets, and liabilities assumed. When a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment test is required. This test involves allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, with the excess of fair value over allocated net assets representing the fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the estimated fair value of goodwill.

Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated period of benefit, ranging from 2 to 20 years. Amortization expense is reflected in selling, general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and takes into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that an impairment exists.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets (other than goodwill) are tested annually for impairment or more frequently on an interim basis if circumstances require.

Environmental

Environmental exposures are provided for at the time they are known to exist or are considered probable and reasonably estimable. No provision has been recorded for environmental remediation costs which could result from changes in laws or other circumstances currently not known by the Company. Costs provided for future expenditures on environmental remediation are not discounted to present value.

Pension Plan and Post-Retirement Benefit Plan Obligations

The Company accounts for pension expense using the end of the fiscal year as its measurement date. Management selects appropriate assumptions including discount rate, rate of increase in future compensation levels and assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets and expected annual increases in costs of medical and other health care benefits in regard to the Company’s post-retirement benefit obligations. These assumptions are based upon historical results, the current economic environment and reasonable expectations of future events. Actual results which vary from assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods, and accordingly, are recognized in expense in these periods. Significant differences between our assumptions and actual experience or significant changes in assumptions could impact the pension costs and the pension obligation.

Legal Expenses

The Company recognizes legal costs related to loss contingencies when the expense is incurred.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award.

Product Warranties

Estimated product warranty expenses are recorded when the covered products are shipped to customers and recognized as revenue. Product warranty expense is estimated based upon the terms of the warranty program.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share also includes the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units. Common shares issuable from stock options that are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive were 637,800, 602,900, and 409,050 for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per share was 29,767,000, 29,490,000, and 30,729,000 for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute diluted earnings per share was 30,003,000, 29,764,000, and 31,215,000 for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2017 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance on the presentation of the net periodic cost of postretirement benefit programs. The new standard requires sponsors of defined benefit postretirement plans to present the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost separate from the service cost component on the income statement. The new standard also requires that the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost no longer be capitalized within assets. The Company is evaluating the effect the standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures beyond the change in income statement presentation. This new standard is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019, with early adoption permitted.

In January 2017 the FASB issued new guidance regarding the goodwill impairment test. The new guidance eliminates the Step 2 valuation test when evaluating goodwill for impairment. The new guidance requires that an entity performs its annual or interim goodwill test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2021, with early adoption permitted.

In October 2016 the FASB issued new guidance regarding income taxes. The new guidance will require the tax effects of intercompany transactions, other than sales of inventory, to be recognized currently, eliminating an exception under current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in which the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers are deferred until the transferred asset is sold to a third party or otherwise recovered through use. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The guidance will be effective for the company in fiscal year 2019, with early adoption permitted.

In August 2016 the FASB issued new guidance addressing how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019, with early adoption permitted.

In June 2016 the FASB issued a new standard on the measurement of credit losses, which will impact the Company’s measurement of trade receivables. The new standard replaces the current incurred loss model with a forward-looking expected loss model that is likely to result in earlier recognition of losses. The Company is evaluating the effect the updated standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The new standard is effective for the Company in 2021, with early adoption permitted, but not earlier than 2020.

In March 2016 the FASB issued new guidance simplifying certain aspects of accounting for share-based payments. The key provision of the new standard requires that excess tax benefits and shortfalls be recorded as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement, rather than in equity. The Company adopted the new guidance in fiscal 2017, which resulted in a $2.3 million benefit to income tax expense and a favorable impact to operating cash flows of $2.3 million. The Company has also elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimate expected forfeitures, which resulted in a positive cumulative effect on retained earnings of $0.9 million and a reduction of additional paid-in capital of $0.9 million.

In February 2016 the FASB issued a new lease accounting standard, which provides revised guidance on accounting for lease arrangements by both lessors and lessees. The central requirement of the new standard is that lessees must recognize lease-related assets and liabilities for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. The Company is evaluating the effect the standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The new standard is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted.

In November 2015 the FASB issued new guidance requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet instead of separating those balances into current and noncurrent amounts. The new guidance is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance prospectively on April 1, 2016, and reclassified the current portion of net deferred tax assets and liabilities to net noncurrent deferred tax assets and liabilities. No prior periods were retrospectively adjusted.

In May 2014 the FASB issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that effectively replaces all current guidance on the topic. The guidance permits the use of either a retrospective or a cumulative effect transition method.

The Company has performed a review of the new guidance as compared to the Company’s current accounting practices. The Company has reviewed a representative sample of contracts and other agreements with customers and evaluated the provisions contained within these agreements compared with the amended guidance.

This amended guidance is expected to change the revenue recognition practices for a number of revenue streams across our businesses; the most significant will be for certain U.S. government contracts and certain other contracts that meet one or more of the mandatory criteria, which will move revenue recognition from a “point-in-time” basis to an “over-time” basis. The on-going effect of recording revenue on an “over-time” basis is not expected to be materially different than under the historical guidance.

The amended guidance is also expected to change the recognition of certain development costs that are contractually guaranteed for reimbursement by our customers. Contractually guaranteed reimbursements for development efforts are currently recognized as the development activities are performed. Under the amended guidance, the contractually guaranteed reimbursement specific to the development effort will be deferred as a contract liability and recognized as revenue when future products are delivered to the customer in cases where the Company does not transfer all intellectual property rights related to the development effort to the customer or does not have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. The costs associated with development effort under an arrangement with contractually guaranteed reimbursement will also be deferred, up to the amount reimbursed, and recognized through cost of goods sold as products are delivered to the customer. The on-going effect of deferring contractually guaranteed reimbursements and the related costs until products are delivered to the customer is not expected to be materially different than under the historical guidance.

The new standard also significantly enhances required disclosures regarding revenue and related assets and liabilities. The Company is in the process of implementing changes to business processes, systems and internal controls required to adopt the new accounting standard.

The updated standard becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to apply the standard using the cumulative effect transition basis, with a cumulative effect adjustment recognized at the beginning of fiscal year 2019.