10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-4383

 

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

NEW YORK	Trading Symbol	14-1387171
(State of incorporation)	ESP	(I.R.S. Employer's Identification No.)

233 Ballston Avenue, Saratoga Springs, New York  12866

(Address of principal executive offices)

518-245-4400

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company:

☐  Large accelerated filer	☐ Non-accelerated filer
☐  Accelerated filer	☒ Smaller reporting company
	☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

At November 10, 2022, there were 2,702,633 shares outstanding of the registrant's Common stock, $.33-1/3 par value.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

I N D E X

PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION	PAGE
Item 1Financial Statements:
Balance Sheets - September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2022	1
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	2
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) – Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	3
Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	5
Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6

 

Item 2 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	12
Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	17
Item 4 Controls and Procedures	17
PART II OTHER INFORMATION	18
Item 1 Legal Proceedings	18
Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities	18
Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities	18
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures	18
Item 5 Other Information	18
Item 6 Exhibits	18
SIGNATURES	19

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Balance Sheets

September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2022

	September 30, 2022			June 30, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,320,001		$	8,104,060
Investment securities		5,414,175			3,708,779
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,000		5,734,062			5,733,174
Inventories:
Raw materials		2,051,063			2,037,483
Work-in-process		192,460			315,547
Costs related to contracts in process		16,394,681			16,207,419
Total inventories		18,638,204			18,560,449
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,225,940			992,774
Total current assets		38,332,382			37,099,236
Property, plant and equipment, net		2,727,525			2,797,993
Total assets	$	41,059,907		$	39,897,229
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	2,910,993		$	2,079,177
Accrued expenses:
Salaries and wages		692,618			627,187
Vacation		636,853			666,380
ESOP payable		78,927			—
Other		809,576			752,554
Payroll and other taxes withheld		59,785			55,292
Contract liabilities		2,644,238			3,384,474
Income taxes payable		123,039			54,722
Total current liabilities		7,956,029			7,619,786
Deferred tax liabilities		176,502			177,829
Total liabilities		8,132,531			7,797,615
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 5)
Common stock, par value $.33-1/3 per share
Authorized 10,000,000 shares; Issued 3,129,874 shares as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022. Outstanding 2,702,633 shares as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 (includes 250,671 and 256,293 Unearned ESOP shares, respectively)		1,043,291			1,043,291
Capital in excess of par value		23,165,952			23,104,693
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,695	)		(1,932	)
Retained earnings		19,448,123			18,679,857
		43,653,671			42,825,909
Less: Unearned ESOP shares		(4,687,604	)		(4,687,604	)
Cost of 427,241 shares of common stock in treasury as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022		(6,038,691	)		(6,038,691	)
Total stockholders’ equity		32,927,376			32,099,614
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	41,059,907		$	39,897,229

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

1

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
Net sales	$	8,635,795		$	7,545,432
Cost of sales		6,823,653			6,192,334
Gross profit		1,812,142			1,353,098
Selling, general and administrative expenses		839,030			994,822
Operating income		973,112			358,276
Other income
Interest income		8,807			1,596
Other		3,767			17,971
Total other income		12,574			19,567
Income before provision for income taxes		985,686			377,843
Provision for income taxes		217,420			71,782
Net income	$	768,266		$	306,061
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Unrealized loss on investment securities		(1,763	)		—
Total comprehensive income	$	766,503		$	306,061
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.31		$	0.13
Diluted	$	0.31		$	0.13
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic		2,446,402			2,423,267
Diluted		2,447,519			2,423,267

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

2

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

							Accumulated
					Capital in		Other										Unearned			Total
	Outstanding		Common		Excess of		Comprehensive			Retained		Treasury		Treasury			ESOP			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Par Value		Loss			Earnings		Shares		Amount			Shares			Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2022		2,702,633	$	1,043,291	$	23,104,693	$	(1,932	)	$	18,679,857		427,241	$	(6,038,691	)	$	(4,687,604	)	$	32,099,614
Comprehensive income:
Net income											768,266										768,266
Other comprehensive loss,    net of tax of $ (370)								(1,763	)												(1,763	)
Total comprehensive income																					766,503
Stock-based compensation						61,259															61,259
Balance as of September 30, 2022		2,702,633	$	1,043,291	$	23,165,952	$	(3,695	)	$	19,448,123		427,241	$	(6,038,691	)	$	(4,687,604	)	$	32,927,376

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

3

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

							Accumulated
					Capital in		Other										Unearned			Total
	Outstanding		Common		Excess of		Comprehensive			Retained		Treasury		Treasury			ESOP			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Par Value		Loss			Earnings		Shares		Amount			Shares			Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2021		2,702,633	$	1,043,291	$	23,026,096	$	(2,361	)	$	17,414,730		427,241	$	(6,038,691	)	$	(5,110,770	)	$	30,332,295
Comprehensive income:
Net income											306,061										306,061
Other comprehensive loss,    net of tax of $-								—													—
Total comprehensive income																					306,061
Stock-based compensation						52,776															52,776
Balance as of September 30, 2021		2,702,633	$	1,043,291	$	23,078,872	$	(2,361	)	$	17,720,791		427,241	$	(6,038,691	)	$	(5,110,770	)	$	30,691,132

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

4

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	768,266		$	306,061
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		61,259			52,776
Depreciation		120,950			121,237
ESOP compensation expense		78,927			84,506
Deferred income tax benefit		(1,697	)		(17,885	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in trade accounts receivable		(888	)		1,072,116
Decrease in income taxes receivable		—			89,667
(Increase) decrease in inventories		(77,755	)		7,338
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets		(233,166	)		218,306
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable		831,816			(553,919	)
Increase in accrued salaries and wages		65,431			73,348
Decrease in vacation accrual		(29,527	)		(20,677	)
Increase in other accrued expenses		57,022			80,892
Increase in payroll and other taxes withheld		4,493			56,547
(Decrease) increase in contract liabilities		(740,236	)		17,380
Increase in income taxes payable		68,317			—
Net cash provided by operating activities		973,212			1,587,693
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment		(50,482	)		(45,691	)
Purchase of investment securities		(2,826,789	)		(534,000	)
Proceeds from sale/maturity of investment securities		1,120,000			488,000
Net cash used in by investing activities		(1,757,271	)		(91,691	)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(784,059	)		1,496,002
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		8,104,060			6,802,712
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	7,320,001		$	8,298,714
Supplemental Schedule of Cash Flow Information:
Income taxes paid	$	150,000		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

5

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. Specific to inventories, including work-in-process and contracts in process, management evaluates, quarterly, those estimates used in determining the cost to complete for each contract on Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (the “Company”) sales backlog. The change in estimates may affect the reported amount of inventories and gross profit in the current or a future period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's most recent audited financial statements included in its report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Note 2. Investment Securities

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

▪ Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

▪ Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

▪ Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximated fair value as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

Investment securities at September 30, 2022 consists of certificates of deposit, municipal bonds and U.S. treasury bills and at June 30, 2022 consisted of certificates of deposit and municipal bonds. The Company classifies investment securities as available-for-sale which have been determined to be level 1 assets. The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities by major security type at September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 are as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
September 30, 2022
Certificates of deposit	$	5,050,000	$	—	$	—		$	5,050,000
Municipal bonds	$	72,225	$	—	$	(4,385	)	$	67,840
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	296,440	$	—	$	(105	)	$	296,335
Total investment securities	$	5,418,665	$	—	$	(4,490	)	$	5,414,175
June 30, 2022
Certificates of deposit	$	3,639,000	$	—	$	—		$	3,639,000
Municipal bonds	$	72,225	$	—	$	(2,446	)	$	69,779
Total investment securities	$	3,711,225	$	—	$	(2,446	)	$	3,708,779

The portfolio is diversified and highly liquid and primarily consists of investment grade fixed income instruments. At September 30, 2022, the Company did not have any investments in individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position considered to be other than temporary.

6

As of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022, the remaining contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities were as follows:

	Years to Maturity
	Less than		One to
	One Year		Five Years		Total
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale	$	4,626,334	$	787,841	$	5,414,175
June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale	$	3,639,000	$	69,779	$	3,708,779

Note 3. Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the income of the Company. The computation of diluted net income per share, excluded options to purchase 241,773 shares of our common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 344,512 shares for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive. As unearned shares owned by the Company’s sponsored leveraged employee stock ownership plan (the “ESOP”) are released or committed-to-be-released, the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share computations.

Note 4. Stock Based Compensation

The Company follows ASC 718 in establishing standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, as well as transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the share-based payment. ASC 718 establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $61,259 and $52,776, respectively, before income taxes. The amount of this stock-based compensation expense related to non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”) for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was $9,604 and $7,366, respectively. The deferred tax benefit related to the NQSOs as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $2,017 and $1,547, respectively. The remaining stock option expense in each year related to incentive stock options (“ISOs”) which are not deductible by the corporation when exercised, assuming a qualifying disposition and as such no deferred tax benefit was established related to these amounts.

As of September 30, 2022, there was approximately $308,188 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards that is expected to be recognized as expense over the next 2 years, of which $254,793 relates to ISOs and $53,395 relates to NQSOs. The total deferred tax benefit related to these awards is expected to be $11,213.

The Company has one employee stock option plan under which options or stock awards may be granted, the 2017 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The Board of Directors may grant options to acquire shares of common stock to employees and non-employee directors of the Company at the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards to non-employee directors is 133,000 and the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards granted to non-employee directors during any single fiscal year is the lesser of 13,300 and 33 1/3% of the total number of shares subject to options or awards granted in such fiscal year. The maximum number of shares subject to options or awards granted to any individual employee may not exceed 15,000 in a fiscal year. Generally, options granted have a two-year vesting period based on two years of continuous service and have a ten-year contractual life. Option grants provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. Shares issued upon the exercise of options are from those held in Treasury. Options covering 400,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan. As of September 30, 2022, options covering 379,104 shares have been granted, of which 262,223 are outstanding, and options covering 116,881 shares have been cancelled. As of September 30, 2022, options covering 137,777 shares remain available for grant, after factoring in the cancelled options, which are eligible to be re-granted. While no further grants of options may be made under the Company’s 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan, as of September 30, 2022, 50,750 options were outstanding under such plan of which all are vested and exercisable.

7

ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including those for dividend yield, volatility, expected life and interest rates.

The table below outlines the weighted average assumptions that the Company used to calculate the fair value of each option award for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Company’s expected volatility		27.10%	25.50%
Risk-free interest rate		2.66%	0.89%
Expected term		5.4 yrs	5.4 yrs
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period		$4.11	$3.73

Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent term approximating the expected life of the options. The expected option term (in years) represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on actual historical experience.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Employee Stock Options Plan
					Weighted
	Number of		Weighted		Average
	Shares		Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Subject		Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	to Option		Price		Term		Value
Balance at July 1, 2022		246,273	$	20.89		6.73
Granted		71,200	$	13.61		9.84
Exercised		—		—		—
Forfeited or expired		(4,500)	$	18.20		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2022		312,973	$	19.27		7.22	$	12,816
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022		282,623	$	19.74		7.02	$	10,483
Exercisable at September 30, 2022		141,598	$	24.49		4.94	$	0

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the NYSE American on September 30, 2022 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all option holders had exercised their options on September 30, 2022. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0, resulting from no option exercise activity during those periods.

8

The following table summarizes changes in non-vested stock options during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Weighted Number		Average
	of Shares Subject to Option		Grant Date Fair Value (per Option)
Non-vested at July 1, 2022	104,175	$	2.92
Granted	71,200	$	4.11
Vested	—		—
Forfeited or expired	(4,000)	$	1.91
Non-vested at September 30, 2022	171,375	$	3.44

Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company from time to time, enters into standby letters of credit agreements with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of future performance on certain contracts. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022. The Company, as a U.S. Government contractor, is subject to audits, reviews, and investigations by the U.S. Government related to its negotiation and performance of government contracts and its accounting for such contracts. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. Government standards by a contractor may result in suspension from eligibility for award of any new government contract and a guilty plea or conviction may result in debarment from eligibility for awards. The government may, in certain cases, also terminate existing contracts, recover damages, and impose other sanctions and penalties. As a result of contract audits the Company will determine a range of possible outcomes and in accordance with ASC 450 “Contingencies” the Company will accrue amounts within a range that appears to be its best estimate of a possible outcome. Adjustments are made to accruals, if any, periodically based on current information.

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. There are no such pending matters which we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 6. Revenue

The Company follows ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” to determine the recognition of revenue. This standard requires entities to assess the products or services promised in contracts with customers at contract inception to determine the appropriate unit at which to record revenues. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services.

Significant judgment is required in determining the satisfaction of performance obligations. Revenues from our performance obligations are satisfied over time using the output method which considers the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point. Revenue is recognized when, or as, the customer takes control of the product or services. The output method best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as the output method represents work completed. Control is typically transferred to the customer at the shipping point as the Company has a present right to payment, the customer has legal title to the asset, the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and in most instances the customer has accepted the asset.

Total revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2022 based on units delivered was $6,959,789 compared to $6,492,236 for the same period in fiscal year 2022. Total revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2022 based on milestones achieved was $1,676,006 compared to $1,053,196 for the same period in fiscal year 2022.

9

The Company offers a standard one-year product warranty. Product warranties offered by the Company are classified as assurance-type warranties, which means, the warranty only guarantees that the good or service functions as promised. Based on this, the provided warranty is not considered to be a distinct performance obligation. The impact of variable consideration has been considered but none identified which would be required to be allocated to the transaction price as of September 30, 2022. Our payment terms are generally 30-60 days.

Contract liabilities were $2,644,238 and $3,384,474 as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease in contract liabilities is primarily due to revenue recognized, offset in part by, the advance collection of cash on specific contracts. Revenue recognized, that was in contract liabilities in the beginning of the fiscal year, approximated $1,171,430 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company used the practical expedient to expense incremental costs incurred to obtain a contract when the contract term is less than one year.

The Company’s backlog at September 30, 2022 totaling approximately $81.2 million is projected, based on expected due dates, to be recognized in the following fiscal years: 32% in 2023; 47% in 2024; 17% in 2025, and 4% thereafter.

Note 7. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 amends ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adding guidance to reduce complexity in the accounting standard under the FASB’s simplification initiative. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Upon adoption, the amendments in ASU 2019-12 should be applied on a prospective basis to all periods presented. The Company adopted the new guidance under ASU 2019-12 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 and removed the exception for intraperiod allocations from its interim period tax provision calculation, accordingly. The removal of the exception for intraperiod allocations did not have a material impact on the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, with further clarifications made more recently. For trade receivables, loans and other financial instruments, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities are required to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 should be applied on a prospective basis to all periods presented relating to available-for-sale debt securities. For all other financial instruments the Company upon adoption will apply the amendments on a modified-retrospective approach. The Company is expected to adopt the new guidance under ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, beginning July 1, 2023, and is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statements.

Note 8. Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company sponsors a leveraged employee stock ownership plan (the "ESOP") that covers all nonunion employees who work 1,000 or more hours per year and are employed on June 30. The Company makes annual contributions to the ESOP equal to the ESOP's debt service less dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP. All dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP are used to pay debt service. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. As the debt is repaid, shares are released and allocated to active employees, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year. The Company accounts for its ESOP in accordance with FASB ASC 718-40. Accordingly, the shares purchased by the ESOP are reported as Unearned ESOP shares in the balance sheets and the statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. As shares are released or committed-to-be-released, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share (EPS) computations. ESOP compensation expense was $78,927 and $84,506 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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The ESOP shares as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Allocated shares		496,091		483,984
Committed-to-be-released shares		5,622		5,784
Unreleased shares		250,671		273,645
Total shares held by the ESOP		752,384		763,413
Fair value of unreleased shares	$	3,456,753	$	3,981,535

The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at the shares’ fair market value. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not repurchase shares previously held by the ESOP.

The ESOP allows for eligible participants to take whole share distributions from the Plan on specific dates in accordance with the provisions of the Plan. Share distributions from the ESOP during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 totaled 0 and 3,236 shares, respectively.

11

 

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (“Espey”) is a power electronics design and original equipment manufacturing (OEM) company with a long history of developing and delivering highly reliable products for use in military and severe environment applications. Design, manufacturing, and testing is performed in our 150,000+ square foot facility located at 233 Ballston Ave, Saratoga Springs, New York. Espey is classified as a “smaller reporting company” for purposes of the reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Espey’s common stock is publicly-traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “ESP.”

Espey began operations after incorporation in New York in 1928. We strive to remain competitive as a leader in high power energy conversion and transformer solutions through the design and manufacture of new and improved products by using advanced and “cutting edge” electronics technologies.

Espey is ISO 9001:2015 and AS9100:2016 certified. Our primary products are power supplies, power converters, filters, power transformers, magnetic components, power distribution equipment, UPS systems, antennas and high power radar systems. The applications of these products include AC and DC locomotives, shipboard power, shipboard radar, airborne power, ground-based radar, and ground mobile power.

Espey services include design and development to specification, build to print, design services, design studies, environmental testing services, metal fabrication, painting services, and development of automatic testing equipment. Espey is vertically integrated, meaning that the Company produces individual components (including inductors), populates printed circuit boards, fabricates metalwork, paints, wires, qualifies, and fully tests items, mechanically, electrically and environmentally, in house. Portions of the manufacturing and testing process are subcontracted to vendors from time to time.

The Company markets its products primarily through its own direct sales organization and through outside sales representatives. Business is solicited from large industrial manufacturers and defense companies, the government of the United States, foreign governments and major foreign electronic equipment companies. Espey is also on the eligible list of contractors with the United States Department of Defense. We pursue opportunities for prime contracts directly with the Department of Defense and are generally automatically solicited by Department of Defense procurement agencies for their needs falling within the major classes of products produced by the Company. Espey contracts with the Federal Government under cage code 20950 as Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

There is competition in all classes of products manufactured by the Company, ranging from divisions of the largest electronic companies, to many small companies. The Company's sales do not represent a significant share of the industry's market for any class of its products. The principal methods of competition for electronic products of both a military and industrial nature include, among other factors, price, product performance, the experience of the particular company and history of its dealings in such products.

Our business is not seasonal. However, the concentration of our business in the rail industry, and in equipment for military applications and industrial applications, and our customer concentrations expose us to on-going associated risks. These risks include, without limitation, fluctuating requirements for power supplies in the rail industry, dependence on appropriations from the United States Government and the governments of foreign nations, program allocations, the potential of governmental termination of orders for convenience, and the general strength of the industry sectors in which our customers transact business.

Future procurement needs supporting the military and the rail industry continue to drive competition. Many of our competitors have invested, and continue to invest aggressively in upfront product design costs and accept lower profit margins as a strategic means of maintaining existing business and enhancing market share. This continues to put pressure on the pricing of our current products and has lowered our profit margins on some of our new business. In order to compete effectively for new business, in some cases we have invested in upfront design costs, thereby reducing initial profitability as a means of procuring new long-term programs. As part of our strategy, we adjust our pricing in order to achieve a balance which enables us both to retain repeat programs while being more competitive in bidding on new programs.

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We continue to place an emphasis on securing “build to print” opportunities, which will allow production work to go directly to the manufacturing floor, limiting the impact on our engineering staff. This allows us to keep our manufacturing team busy while the products are being developed in-house for production.

The total backlog at September 30, 2022 was approximately $81.2 million, which included approximately $66.3 million from six significant customers, compared to $75.2 million at September 30, 2021, which included $48 million from four significant customers. The Company’s total backlog represents the estimated remaining sales value of work to be performed under firm contracts. The backlog at September 30, 2022 is fully funded except for $32 thousand, representing one firm multi-year order from a single customer for which funding has not yet been appropriated by Congress and/or the customer has funded the program. While there is no guarantee that future budgets and appropriations will provide funding for individual programs, management has included in unfunded backlog only those programs that it believes are likely to receive funding based on discussions with customers and program status. The unfunded backlog at September 30, 2021 was approximately $0.6 million and represented two firm multi-year orders from a single customer for which funding had not yet been appropriated by Congress or funded by our customer. Contracts are subject to modification, change or cancellation, and the Company accounts for these changes as they are probable and estimable. The Company evaluates the impact of any scope modifications and will adjust reserves as information is known and estimable.

Successful conversion of engineering program backlog into sales is largely dependent on the execution and completion of our engineering design efforts. It is not uncommon to experience technical or scheduling delays which arise from time to time as a result of, among other reasons, design complexity, the availability of personnel with the requisite expertise, and the requirements to obtain customer approval at various milestones.  Cost overruns which may arise from technical and schedule delays and increased raw material costs could negatively impact the timing of the conversion of backlog into sales, or the profitability of such sales. We continue to experience technical and schedule delays with certain major development programs. The issues causing the delays are being resolved as soon as possible and we continue to work with our customers on newly arising delays. Engineering programs in both the funded and unfunded portions of the current backlog aggregate $7.3 million.

The growth and continuing demand in the power electronics industry across multiple manufacturing sectors has created volatility and unpredictability in the availability of certain electronic components and, in some cases, continues to create industry shortages. These shortages have and will likely continue to impact our ability to support our customer’s schedule demands, as lead times for these components have, in some instances, increased from readily available to waiting times of nearly a year or more. In addition, we continue to incur delays in material deliveries from some company suppliers due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to work with our customers to mitigate any adverse impact on our ability to service their requirements. These issues, if they persist, may cause us to miss projected delivery dates.

Management expects revenues in fiscal year 2023 to be higher than revenues during fiscal year 2022 and expects net income per share to be higher in fiscal 2023 as compared to the net income per share realized during fiscal year 2022. These expectations are driven by orders already in our sales backlog. Creating consistency in our quarter to quarter financial performance will remain a challenge as we navigate a current difficult environment of inflation and parts shortages.

Effects from global events and the resulting supply chain disruptions continue to place pressure on the cost of raw materials, freight, utility, labor and other production and administrative costs. These inflationary cost challenges are expected to continue to have a negative impact on operating income in fiscal year 2023. Volatile raw material indexes and shortages have led to wide-spread vendor price increases. For our executed fixed-priced contracts, we will either singularly or in combination, continue to 1) be required to absorb the increased costs 2) mitigate cost increases through the identification of additional supply chain buying strategies or 3) submit for price remediation assistance from our customers. To minimize exposure on future fixed-priced contracts, we continue to incorporate inflationary increases to product quotations provided to our customers, some of which have resulted in significant price increases. Additionally, to minimize our exposure, we have, in many instances, reduced the time in which certain product quotations remain valid and have also extended lead times for product deliveries. We continue to work with our customers to mitigate any adverse impact on our ability to service their requirements.

Management continues to closely monitor the impact of evolving workforce labor constraints, primarily from the effects from the pandemic, on our planned delivery schedules. Although declining, we continue to experience periodic disruptions from workforce absences due to COVID-19 illnesses and direct contact exposures, resulting in self-isolating protocols to be followed to ensure the safety of company personnel. Disruptions to productivity resulting from workforce turnover have decreased. However, with supply chain constraints, future unforeseen labor disruptions could delay shipments and result in missing our backlog fulfillment projections and recognizing lower operating income.

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The Company currently expects new orders in fiscal 2023 to approximate the $43.2 million in new orders received in fiscal year 2022. As market factors including competition and product costs impact gross profit margins, management will continue to evaluate our sales strategy, employment levels, and facility costs.

New orders received in the first three months of fiscal year 2023 were approximately $13.1 million as compared to $17.1 million new orders received in the first three months of fiscal 2022. It is presently anticipated that a minimum of $26.4 million of orders comprising the September 30, 2022 backlog will be filled during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023 subject, however, to the impact of the factors identified above. The minimum of $26.4 million does not include any shipments, which may be made against orders subsequently received during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023.

In addition to the backlog, the Company currently has outstanding opportunities representing approximately $91 million in the aggregate as of November 01, 2022 for both repeat and new programs. The outstanding quotations encompass various new and previously manufactured power supplies, transformers, and subassemblies. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any of the anticipated orders described above, many of which are subject to allocations of the United States defense spending and factors affecting the defense industry.

A significant portion of the Company’s business is the production of military and industrial electronic equipment for use by the U.S. and foreign governments and certain industrial customers. Net sales to four significant customers represented approximately 80% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022. Net sales to five significant customers represented 78% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month period ended September 30, 2021. A loss of one of these customers or programs related to these customers, or customer requested deferrals of product delivery could significantly impact the Company.

Historically, a small number of customers have accounted for a large percentage of the Company’s total sales in any given fiscal year. Management continues to pursue opportunities with current and new customers with an overall objective of lowering the concentration of sales, mitigating excessive reliance upon a single major product of a particular program and minimizing the impact of the loss of a single significant customer. Given the nature of our business, we believe our existing sales order backlog is fairly diversified in terms of customers and the category of products on order.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management believes our most critical accounting policies include revenue recognition and cost estimation on our contracts.

Revenue

The majority of our net sales is generated from contracts with industrial manufacturers and defense companies, the Department of Defense, other agencies of the government of the United States and foreign governments for the design, development and/or manufacture of products. We provide our products and design and development services under fixed-price contracts. Under fixed-price contracts we agree to perform the specified work for a pre-determined price. To the extent our actual costs vary from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit or could incur a loss.

We account for a contract with a customer after it has been approved by all parties to the arrangement, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collection of substantially all of the amount to which the entity will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer is probable. We assess each contract at its inception to determine whether it should be combined with other contracts. When making this determination, we consider factors such as whether two or more contracts were negotiated and executed at or near the same time, or were negotiated with an overall profit objective.

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We evaluate the products or services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining performance obligations. We determine the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration we expect to receive for the products or services being provided under the contract. The transaction price for each performance obligation is based on the estimated standalone selling price of the product or service underlying each performance obligation. Transaction prices on our contracts subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) are typically based on estimated costs plus a reasonable profit margin.

We recognize revenue using the output method based on the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point.

Inventory

Raw materials are valued at the lower of cost (average cost) or net realizable value. Balances for slow-moving and obsolete inventory are reviewed on a regular basis by analyzing estimated demand, inventory on hand, sales levels, market conditions, and other information and reduce inventory balances based on this analysis.

Inventoried work relating to contracts in process and work in process is valued at actual production cost, including factory overhead incurred to date. Contract costs include material, subcontract costs, labor, and an allocation of overhead costs. Work in process represents spare units and parts and other inventory items acquired or produced to service units previously sold or to meet anticipated future orders. Provision for losses on contracts is made when the existence of such losses becomes probable and estimable.  The provision for losses on contracts is included in other accrued expenses on the Company’s balance sheet.  The costs attributed to units delivered under contracts are based on the estimated average cost of all units expected to be produced.  Certain contracts are expected to extend beyond twelve months.

The estimation of total cost at completion of a contract is subject to numerous variables involving contract costs and estimates as to the length of time to complete the contract.  Given the significance of the estimation processes and judgments described above, it is possible that materially different amounts of expected sales and contract costs could be recorded if different assumptions were used, based on changes in circumstances, in the estimation process.  When a change in expected sales value or estimated cost is determined, the change is reflected in current period earnings.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Results of Operations

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $8,635,795 and $7,545,432, respectively, a 14.5% increase. The increase in net sales in fiscal year 2023 is primarily due to an increase in magnetics and power supply sales offset, in part, by a decrease in build to print shipments. In general, sales fluctuations within product categories will occur during a comparable fiscal period as the direct result of product mix, influenced by the duration of specific programs and the contractual terms of firm orders placed for product and services under those programs including contract value, scope of work and duration. Deliverables within firm contracts are often subject to delivery schedules which also contributes to sales fluctuations between comparable periods. Internal and external constraints, at times, impact our ability to ship. In general, the Company continues to experience long lead times and supply chain delays which have a direct impact on the timing of shipments for certain programs and may result in sales fluctuations recorded between periods. Specific to magnetic shipments, sales increased from more shipments on specific contracts related to a family of power distribution transformers for a single customer when compared to the prior year. This increase was offset, in part, by a decrease in sales for select milestone deliverables billed in the prior year which were non-recurring in the current year. Power supply shipments increased primarily from two engineering design and production contracts in which there were no or minimal sales in the same period last year. These increases were offset, in part, by a decrease in overall sales on several other power supply contracts resulting from contractual timing differences and the impact from supply chain part delays. Specific to build to print shipments, sales decreased, overall, as a result of contractual timing and delays incurred on two specific orders requiring customer involvement which had greater sales in the prior year when compared to the current year offset, in part, by several other build to print contracts which had more sales in the current period when compared to the same period last year.

15 

Gross profits for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $1,812,142 and $1,353,098, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was approximately 21% and 18%, for the same periods, respectively. The primary factors in determining the change in gross profit and net income are overall sales levels and product mix. The gross profits on mature products and build to print contracts are typically higher as compared to products which are still in the engineering development stage or in early stages of production. In the case of the latter, the Company can incur what it refers to as “loss contracts,” primarily on engineering design contracts in which the Company invests with the objective of developing future product sales. In any given accounting period the mix of product shipments between higher margin programs and less mature programs, and expenditures associated with loss contracts, has a significant impact on gross profit and net income.

The improvement in gross profit and the gross profit percentage in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 resulted primarily from higher magnetic sales and greater profitability on build to print sales mainly attributable to contractual timing and product mix. Also specific to build to print shipments in the current year, gross profit was favorably impacted by a specific program which, in the prior year, was negatively impacted by cost overruns associated with the initial contract order. Additionally, gross profit was favorably impacted by an Employee Retention Credit (ERC) of approximately $60,000 under the CARES Act. These improvements to gross profit were offset, in part, by increased costs, primarily labor, incurred on a power supply engineering design and production contract, which had no adverse impact on the prior year results.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $839,030 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $155,792, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 relates primarily to a decrease in overall employee compensation costs for program management personnel due to a reduction in headcount when compared to the same period last year, and a reduction in cost resulting from a change in senior management which occurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2022. In addition, fewer costs were incurred in the current period when compared to the prior period resulting from a decrease in board of directors fees due to a reduction of two non-employee directors, and a decrease in outside selling costs related to outside sales representatives. Finally, selling, general and administrative expenses were lowered by an Employee Retention Credit (ERC) of approximately $27,000 under the CARES Act.

Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $12,574 and $19,567, respectively. The decrease for the three months ended is primarily due to the decrease in other income primarily from scrap sales offset, in part, by an increase in interest income resulting from an increase in investment securities and an increase in interest rates. Interest income is a function of the level of investments and investment strategies that generally tend to be conservative.   

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was approximately 22%, compared to 19% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The effective tax rate in fiscal 2023 is greater than the statutory tax rate mainly due to the permanent difference for incentive stock option expense recorded for book purposes which is not deductible for tax purposes. Comparatively, in the current period, there was no benefit received from ESOP dividends paid on allocated shares due to the suspension of the company dividend. The effective tax rate in fiscal 2022 is less than the statutory tax rate mainly from the benefit derived from the ESOP dividends paid on allocated shares. The effective tax rate in the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 was higher than the prior year as a result from higher permanent differences related to incentive stock options and no benefit received from ESOP dividends paid on allocated shares when compared to the same period in fiscal 2022.

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2022, was $768,266 or $0.31 per share, basic and diluted, compared to net income of $306,061 or $0.13 per share, basic and diluted, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in net income in the three months ended resulted primarily from the increase in gross profit, a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses offset, in part, by an increase in the provision for income taxes, all discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's working capital is an appropriate indicator of the liquidity of its business, and during the past two fiscal years, the Company, when possible, has funded all of its operations with cash flows resulting from operating activities and when necessary from its existing cash and investments. The Company did not borrow any funds during the last two fiscal years. Management has available a $3,000,000 line of credit to help fund further growth or working capital needs, if necessary, but does not anticipate the need for any borrowed funds in the foreseeable future. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at September 30, 2022 and 2021. The existing line of credit was extended and expires February 28, 2023.

The Company's working capital as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $30.4 million and $27.9 million, respectively. The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at fair market value. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not repurchase any shares held by the ESOP. Under existing authorizations from the Company's Board of Directors, as of September 30, 2022, management is authorized to purchase an additional $783,460 of Company stock.

16 

The table below presents the summary of cash flow information for the fiscal years indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	973,212		$	1,587,693
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,757,271	)		(91,691	)

Net cash provided by operating activities fluctuates between periods primarily as a result of differences in sales and net income, provision for income taxes, the timing of the collection of accounts receivable, purchase of inventory, and payment of accounts payable. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities compared to the prior year primarily relates to a decrease in cash collected from trade receivables and a decrease in cash collected from customer advances when compared to the comparable period last year offset, in part, by and increase in net income and the increase in accounts payable between comparable periods. Net cash used in investing activities increased in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to an increase in investment securities when compared to the same period last year. The Company currently believes that the cash flow generated from operations and when necessary, from cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet its long-term funding requirements for the foreseeable future.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company expended $50,482 and $45,691, respectively, for plant improvements and new equipment. The Company has budgeted approximately $500,000 for new equipment and plant improvements in fiscal year 2023. Management anticipates that the funds required will be available from current operations.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE

SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The terms "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "goal," "expect," and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent the Company's current expectations or beliefs concerning future events. The matters covered by these statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements, including the Company's dependence on timely development, introduction and customer acceptance of new products, the impact of competition and price erosion, supply and manufacturing constraints, potential new orders from customers, the impact of cyber or other security threats or other disruptions to our business, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the United States economy and our operations and other risks and uncertainties. The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive, and the Company disclaims any obligation subsequently to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. The Company wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined under Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 12b-2. Pursuant to the exemption available to smaller reporting company issuers under Item 305 of Regulation S-K, quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, the Company is not required to provide the information for this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

17 

PART II: Other Information and Signatures

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business.  While the results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  Currently, there are no matters pending.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) Securities Sold

(c) Securities Repurchased

As of September 30, 2022 the Company can repurchase up to $783,460 of its common stock pursuant to an ongoing plan authorized by the Board of Directors. During the quarter ended September 30, 2022 no shares were repurchased.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

18 

S I G N A T U R E S

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

/s/ David O’Neil

David O’Neil

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Katrina Sparano

Katrina Sparano

Principal Financial Officer

Date: November 10, 2022

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,

as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, David O’Neil, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ David O’Neil

David O’Neil

President and Chief Executive Officer

21 

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,

as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Katrina Sparano, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Katrina Sparano

Katrina Sparano

Principal Financial Officer

22 

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with this quarterly report of Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “report”), I, David O’Neil, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1. The report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in this report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ David O’Neil

David O’Neil

President and Chief Executive Officer

23 

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with this quarterly report of Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “report”), I, Katrina Sparano, Principal Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1. The report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in this report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Katrina Sparano

Katrina Sparano

Principal Financial Officer

24 

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Nov. 10, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Central Index Key	0000033533
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--06-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Entity File Number	1-4383
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Registrant Name	ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.
Entity Incorportion, State or Country Code	NY
Trading Symbol	ESP
Entity Tax Identification Number	14-1387171
Entity Address, Address Line One	233 Ballston Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Saratoga Springs
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	12866
City Area Code	518
Local Phone Number	245-4400
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $.33-1/3 par value
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,702,633

XML

Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,320,001	$ 8,104,060
Investment securities	5,414,175	3,708,779
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,000	5,734,062	5,733,174
Inventories:
Raw materials	2,051,063	2,037,483
Work-in-process	192,460	315,547
Costs related to contracts in process	16,394,681	16,207,419
Total inventories	18,638,204	18,560,449
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,225,940	992,774
Total current assets	38,332,382	37,099,236
Property, plant and equipment, net	2,727,525	2,797,993
Total assets	41,059,907	39,897,229
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accounts payable	2,910,993	2,079,177
Accrued expenses:
Salaries and wages	692,618	627,187
Vacation	636,853	666,380
ESOP payable	78,927
Other	809,576	752,554
Payroll and other taxes withheld	59,785	55,292
Contract liabilities	2,644,238	3,384,474
Income taxes payable	123,039	54,722
Total current liabilities	7,956,029	7,619,786
Deferred tax liabilities	176,502	177,829
Total liabilities	8,132,531	7,797,615
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 5)
Common stock, par value $.33-1/3 per share Authorized 10,000,000 shares; Issued 3,129,874 shares as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022. Outstanding 2,702,633 shares as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 (includes 250,671 and 256,293 Unearned ESOP shares, respectively)	1,043,291	1,043,291
Capital in excess of par value	23,165,952	23,104,693
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,695)	(1,932)
Retained earnings	19,448,123	18,679,857
Total stockholders equity before ESOP	43,653,671	42,825,909
Less: Unearned ESOP shares	(4,687,604)	(4,687,604)
Cost of 427,241 shares of common stock in treasury as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022	(6,038,691)	(6,038,691)
Total stockholders' equity	32,927,376	32,099,614
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 41,059,907	$ 39,897,229

XML

Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivable, allowance	$ 3,000	$ 3,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.3333	$ 0.3333
Common stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	3,129,874	3,129,874
Common stock, shares outstanding	2,702,633	2,702,633
Unearned ESOP, shares	250,671	256,293
Treasury stock, shares	427,241	427,241

XML

Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 8,635,795	$ 7,545,432
Cost of sales	6,823,653	6,192,334
Gross profit	1,812,142	1,353,098
Selling, general and administrative expenses	839,030	994,822
Operating income	973,112	358,276
Other income
Interest income	8,807	1,596
Other	3,767	17,971
Total other income	12,574	19,567
Income before provision for income taxes	985,686	377,843
Provision for income taxes	217,420	71,782
Net income	768,266	306,061
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Unrealized loss on investment securities	(1,763)
Total comprehensive income	$ 766,503	$ 306,061
Net income per share:
Basic	$ 0.31	$ 0.13
Diluted	$ 0.31	$ 0.13
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	2,446,402	2,423,267
Diluted	2,447,519	2,423,267

XML

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Capital in Excess of Par Value [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Unearned ESOP Shares [Member]	Total
Balance, beginning at Jun. 30, 2021	$ 1,043,291	$ 23,026,096	$ (2,361)	$ 17,414,730	$ (6,038,691)	$ (5,110,770)	$ 30,332,295
Balance, beginning, shares at Jun. 30, 2021	2,702,633				427,241
Comprehensive   income:
Net income				306,061			306,061
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Total comprehensive income							306,061
Stock-based compensation		52,776					52,776
Balance, ending at Sep. 30, 2021	$ 1,043,291	23,078,872	(2,361)	17,720,791	$ (6,038,691)	(5,110,770)	30,691,132
Balance, ending, common shares at Sep. 30, 2021	2,702,633				427,241
Balance, beginning at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 1,043,291	23,104,693	(1,932)	18,679,857	$ (6,038,691)	(4,687,604)	$ 32,099,614
Balance, beginning, shares at Jun. 30, 2022	2,702,633				427,241		2,702,633
Comprehensive   income:
Net income				768,266			$ 768,266
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			(1,763)				(1,763)
Total comprehensive income							766,503
Stock-based compensation		61,259					61,259
Balance, ending at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,043,291	$ 23,165,952	$ (3,695)	$ 19,448,123	$ (6,038,691)	$ (4,687,604)	$ 32,927,376
Balance, ending, common shares at Sep. 30, 2022	2,702,633				427,241		2,702,633

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Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Stock Transactions, Parenthetical Disclosure [Abstract]
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$ 370

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Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 768,266	$ 306,061
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	61,259	52,776
Depreciation	120,950	121,237
ESOP compensation expense	78,927	84,506
Deferred income tax benefit	(1,697)	(17,885)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in trade accounts receivable	(888)	1,072,116
Increase) in income taxes receivable		89,667
(Increase) decrease in inventories	(77,755)	7,338
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(233,166)	218,306
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	831,816	(553,919)
Increase in accrued salaries and wages	65,431	73,348
Decrease in vacation accrual	(29,527)	(20,677)
Increase in other accrued expenses	57,022	80,892
Increase in payroll and other taxes withheld	4,493	56,547
(Decrease) increase in contract liabilities	(740,236)	17,380
Increase in income taxes payable	68,317
Net cash provided by operating activities	973,212	1,587,693
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(50,482)	(45,691)
Purchase of investment securities	(2,826,789)	(534,000)
Proceeds from sale/maturity of investment securities	1,120,000	488,000
Net cash used in by investing activities	(1,757,271)	(91,691)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(784,059)	1,496,002
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	8,104,060	6,802,712
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	7,320,001	8,298,714
Supplemental Schedule of Cash Flow Information:
Income taxes paid	$ 150,000

XML

Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. Specific to inventories, including work-in-process and contracts in process, management evaluates, quarterly, those estimates used in determining the cost to complete for each contract on Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (the “Company”) sales backlog. The change in estimates may affect the reported amount of inventories and gross profit in the current or a future period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's most recent audited financial statements included in its report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

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Investment Securities

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

Note 2. Investment Securities

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

▪ Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

▪ Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

▪ Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximated fair value as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

Investment securities at September 30, 2022 consists of certificates of deposit, municipal bonds and U.S. treasury bills and at June 30, 2022 consisted of certificates of deposit and municipal bonds. The Company classifies investment securities as available-for-sale which have been determined to be level 1 assets. The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities by major security type at September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 are as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
September 30, 2022
Certificates of deposit	$	5,050,000	$	—	$	—		$	5,050,000
Municipal bonds	$	72,225	$	—	$	(4,385	)	$	67,840
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	296,440	$	—	$	(105	)	$	296,335
Total investment securities	$	5,418,665	$	—	$	(4,490	)	$	5,414,175
June 30, 2022
Certificates of deposit	$	3,639,000	$	—	$	—		$	3,639,000
Municipal bonds	$	72,225	$	—	$	(2,446	)	$	69,779
Total investment securities	$	3,711,225	$	—	$	(2,446	)	$	3,708,779

The portfolio is diversified and highly liquid and primarily consists of investment grade fixed income instruments. At September 30, 2022, the Company did not have any investments in individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position considered to be other than temporary.

6

As of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022, the remaining contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities were as follows:

	Years to Maturity
	Less than		One to
	One Year		Five Years		Total
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale	$	4,626,334	$	787,841	$	5,414,175
June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale	$	3,639,000	$	69,779	$	3,708,779

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Net Income per Share

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Net Income (Loss) per Share [Abstract]

Net Income per Share

Note 3. Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the income of the Company. The computation of diluted net income per share, excluded options to purchase 241,773 shares of our common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 344,512 shares for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive. As unearned shares owned by the Company’s sponsored leveraged employee stock ownership plan (the “ESOP”) are released or committed-to-be-released, the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share computations.

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Stock Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

Note 4. Stock Based Compensation

The Company follows ASC 718 in establishing standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, as well as transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the share-based payment. ASC 718 establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $61,259 and $52,776, respectively, before income taxes. The amount of this stock-based compensation expense related to non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”) for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was $9,604 and $7,366, respectively. The deferred tax benefit related to the NQSOs as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $2,017 and $1,547, respectively. The remaining stock option expense in each year related to incentive stock options (“ISOs”) which are not deductible by the corporation when exercised, assuming a qualifying disposition and as such no deferred tax benefit was established related to these amounts.

As of September 30, 2022, there was approximately $308,188 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards that is expected to be recognized as expense over the next 2 years, of which $254,793 relates to ISOs and $53,395 relates to NQSOs. The total deferred tax benefit related to these awards is expected to be $11,213.

The Company has one employee stock option plan under which options or stock awards may be granted, the 2017 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The Board of Directors may grant options to acquire shares of common stock to employees and non-employee directors of the Company at the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards to non-employee directors is 133,000 and the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards granted to non-employee directors during any single fiscal year is the lesser of 13,300 and 33 1/3% of the total number of shares subject to options or awards granted in such fiscal year. The maximum number of shares subject to options or awards granted to any individual employee may not exceed 15,000 in a fiscal year. Generally, options granted have a two-year vesting period based on two years of continuous service and have a ten-year contractual life. Option grants provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. Shares issued upon the exercise of options are from those held in Treasury. Options covering 400,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan. As of September 30, 2022, options covering 379,104 shares have been granted, of which 262,223 are outstanding, and options covering 116,881 shares have been cancelled. As of September 30, 2022, options covering 137,777 shares remain available for grant, after factoring in the cancelled options, which are eligible to be re-granted. While no further grants of options may be made under the Company’s 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan, as of September 30, 2022, 50,750 options were outstanding under such plan of which all are vested and exercisable.

7

ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including those for dividend yield, volatility, expected life and interest rates.

The table below outlines the weighted average assumptions that the Company used to calculate the fair value of each option award for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Company’s expected volatility		27.10%	25.50%
Risk-free interest rate		2.66%	0.89%
Expected term		5.4 yrs	5.4 yrs
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period		$4.11	$3.73

Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent term approximating the expected life of the options. The expected option term (in years) represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on actual historical experience.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Employee Stock Options Plan
					Weighted
	Number of		Weighted		Average
	Shares		Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Subject		Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	to Option		Price		Term		Value
Balance at July 1, 2022		246,273	$	20.89		6.73
Granted		71,200	$	13.61		9.84
Exercised		—		—		—
Forfeited or expired		(4,500)	$	18.20		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2022		312,973	$	19.27		7.22	$	12,816
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022		282,623	$	19.74		7.02	$	10,483
Exercisable at September 30, 2022		141,598	$	24.49		4.94	$	0

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the NYSE American on September 30, 2022 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all option holders had exercised their options on September 30, 2022. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0, resulting from no option exercise activity during those periods.

8

The following table summarizes changes in non-vested stock options during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Weighted Number		Average
	of Shares Subject to Option		Grant Date Fair Value (per Option)
Non-vested at July 1, 2022	104,175	$	2.92
Granted	71,200	$	4.11
Vested	—		—
Forfeited or expired	(4,000)	$	1.91
Non-vested at September 30, 2022	171,375	$	3.44

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company from time to time, enters into standby letters of credit agreements with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of future performance on certain contracts. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022. The Company, as a U.S. Government contractor, is subject to audits, reviews, and investigations by the U.S. Government related to its negotiation and performance of government contracts and its accounting for such contracts. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. Government standards by a contractor may result in suspension from eligibility for award of any new government contract and a guilty plea or conviction may result in debarment from eligibility for awards. The government may, in certain cases, also terminate existing contracts, recover damages, and impose other sanctions and penalties. As a result of contract audits the Company will determine a range of possible outcomes and in accordance with ASC 450 “Contingencies” the Company will accrue amounts within a range that appears to be its best estimate of a possible outcome. Adjustments are made to accruals, if any, periodically based on current information.

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. There are no such pending matters which we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Note 6. Revenue

The Company follows ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” to determine the recognition of revenue. This standard requires entities to assess the products or services promised in contracts with customers at contract inception to determine the appropriate unit at which to record revenues. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services.

Significant judgment is required in determining the satisfaction of performance obligations. Revenues from our performance obligations are satisfied over time using the output method which considers the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point. Revenue is recognized when, or as, the customer takes control of the product or services. The output method best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as the output method represents work completed. Control is typically transferred to the customer at the shipping point as the Company has a present right to payment, the customer has legal title to the asset, the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and in most instances the customer has accepted the asset.

Total revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2022 based on units delivered was $6,959,789 compared to $6,492,236 for the same period in fiscal year 2022. Total revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2022 based on milestones achieved was $1,676,006 compared to $1,053,196 for the same period in fiscal year 2022.

9

The Company offers a standard one-year product warranty. Product warranties offered by the Company are classified as assurance-type warranties, which means, the warranty only guarantees that the good or service functions as promised. Based on this, the provided warranty is not considered to be a distinct performance obligation. The impact of variable consideration has been considered but none identified which would be required to be allocated to the transaction price as of September 30, 2022. Our payment terms are generally 30-60 days.

Contract liabilities were $2,644,238 and $3,384,474 as of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease in contract liabilities is primarily due to revenue recognized, offset in part by, the advance collection of cash on specific contracts. Revenue recognized, that was in contract liabilities in the beginning of the fiscal year, approximated $1,171,430 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company used the practical expedient to expense incremental costs incurred to obtain a contract when the contract term is less than one year.

The Company’s backlog at September 30, 2022 totaling approximately $81.2 million is projected, based on expected due dates, to be recognized in the following fiscal years: 32% in 2023; 47% in 2024; 17% in 2025, and 4% thereafter.

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Recently Issued Accounting Standards [Abstract]

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Note 7. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 amends ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adding guidance to reduce complexity in the accounting standard under the FASB’s simplification initiative. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Upon adoption, the amendments in ASU 2019-12 should be applied on a prospective basis to all periods presented. The Company adopted the new guidance under ASU 2019-12 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 and removed the exception for intraperiod allocations from its interim period tax provision calculation, accordingly. The removal of the exception for intraperiod allocations did not have a material impact on the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, with further clarifications made more recently. For trade receivables, loans and other financial instruments, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities are required to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption, the amendments in ASU 2016-13 should be applied on a prospective basis to all periods presented relating to available-for-sale debt securities. For all other financial instruments the Company upon adoption will apply the amendments on a modified-retrospective approach. The Company is expected to adopt the new guidance under ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, beginning July 1, 2023, and is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statements.

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Employee Stock Ownership Plan [Abstract]

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Note 8. Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company sponsors a leveraged employee stock ownership plan (the "ESOP") that covers all nonunion employees who work 1,000 or more hours per year and are employed on June 30. The Company makes annual contributions to the ESOP equal to the ESOP's debt service less dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP. All dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP are used to pay debt service. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. As the debt is repaid, shares are released and allocated to active employees, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year. The Company accounts for its ESOP in accordance with FASB ASC 718-40. Accordingly, the shares purchased by the ESOP are reported as Unearned ESOP shares in the balance sheets and the statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. As shares are released or committed-to-be-released, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share (EPS) computations. ESOP compensation expense was $78,927 and $84,506 for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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The ESOP shares as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Allocated shares		496,091		483,984
Committed-to-be-released shares		5,622		5,784
Unreleased shares		250,671		273,645
Total shares held by the ESOP		752,384		763,413
Fair value of unreleased shares	$	3,456,753	$	3,981,535

The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at the shares’ fair market value. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not repurchase shares previously held by the ESOP.

The ESOP allows for eligible participants to take whole share distributions from the Plan on specific dates in accordance with the provisions of the Plan. Share distributions from the ESOP during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 totaled 0 and 3,236 shares, respectively.

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Investment Securities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities

Investment securities at September 30, 2022 consists of certificates of deposit, municipal bonds and U.S. treasury bills and at June 30, 2022 consisted of certificates of deposit and municipal bonds. The Company classifies investment securities as available-for-sale which have been determined to be level 1 assets. The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities by major security type at September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 are as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
September 30, 2022
Certificates of deposit	$	5,050,000	$	—	$	—		$	5,050,000
Municipal bonds	$	72,225	$	—	$	(4,385	)	$	67,840
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	296,440	$	—	$	(105	)	$	296,335
Total investment securities	$	5,418,665	$	—	$	(4,490	)	$	5,414,175
June 30, 2022
Certificates of deposit	$	3,639,000	$	—	$	—		$	3,639,000
Municipal bonds	$	72,225	$	—	$	(2,446	)	$	69,779
Total investment securities	$	3,711,225	$	—	$	(2,446	)	$	3,708,779

Schedule of Contractual Maturities

As of September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022, the remaining contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities were as follows:

	Years to Maturity
	Less than		One to
	One Year		Five Years		Total
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale	$	4,626,334	$	787,841	$	5,414,175
June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale	$	3,639,000	$	69,779	$	3,708,779

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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value assumptions

The table below outlines the weighted average assumptions that the Company used to calculate the fair value of each option award for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Company’s expected volatility		27.10%	25.50%
Risk-free interest rate		2.66%	0.89%
Expected term		5.4 yrs	5.4 yrs
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period		$4.11	$3.73

Schedule of stock option activity

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Employee Stock Options Plan
					Weighted
	Number of		Weighted		Average
	Shares		Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Subject		Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	to Option		Price		Term		Value
Balance at July 1, 2022		246,273	$	20.89		6.73
Granted		71,200	$	13.61		9.84
Exercised		—		—		—
Forfeited or expired		(4,500)	$	18.20		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2022		312,973	$	19.27		7.22	$	12,816
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022		282,623	$	19.74		7.02	$	10,483
Exercisable at September 30, 2022		141,598	$	24.49		4.94	$	0

Schedule of changes in non-vested stock options

The following table summarizes changes in non-vested stock options during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

	Weighted Number		Average
	of Shares Subject to Option		Grant Date Fair Value (per Option)
Non-vested at July 1, 2022	104,175	$	2.92
Granted	71,200	$	4.11
Vested	—		—
Forfeited or expired	(4,000)	$	1.91
Non-vested at September 30, 2022	171,375	$	3.44

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Employee Stock Ownership Plan [Abstract]

Schedule of ESOP shares

The ESOP shares as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Allocated shares		496,091		483,984
Committed-to-be-released shares		5,622		5,784
Unreleased shares		250,671		273,645
Total shares held by the ESOP		752,384		763,413
Fair value of unreleased shares	$	3,456,753	$	3,981,535

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Investment Securities (Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities) (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 5,418,665	$ 3,711,225
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,490)	(2,446)
Fair Value	5,414,175	3,708,779
Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	5,050,000	3,639,000
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Value	5,050,000	3,639,000
Municipal Bonds [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	72,225	72,225
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,385)	(2,446)
Fair Value	67,840	$ 69,779
U.S. Treasury Bills [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	296,440
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses	(105)
Fair Value	$ 296,335

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Investment Securities (Schedule of Contractual Maturities) (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities
Less than One Year	$ 4,626,334	$ 3,639,000
One to Five Years	787,841	69,779
Fair Value	$ 5,414,175	$ 3,708,779

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Net Income per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Net Income (Loss) per Share [Abstract]
Computation of diluted net income per share	241,773	344,512

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Stock Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 61,259	$ 52,776
Deferred tax benefit related to stock based compensation	2,017	1,547
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 308,188
Period in which compensation cost will be recognized	2 years
Deferred tax benefit related to unrecognized compensation costs	$ 11,213
Granted	71,200
Outstanding	312,973		246,273
Shares cancelled	4,500
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 0	0
2017 Plan [Member] | Non employee directors [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Authorized shares under plan	133,000
Percentage of total number of shares subject to options or awards, single fiscal year	33.00%
Number of shares subject to option or award, single fiscal year	13,300
2017 Plan [Member] | Individual Employee [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares subject to option or award, single fiscal year	15,000
Non-qualified stock options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 9,604	$ 7,366
Unrecognized compensation costs	53,395
Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation costs	$ 254,793
Stock Options [Member] | 2017 Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding	262,223
Shares remain available for grant	137,777
Stock Option Plans [Member] | 2017 Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Authorized shares under plan	400,000
Granted	379,104
Shares cancelled	116,881
Restricted Stock Plan [Member] | 2007 Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding	50,750

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Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions) (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Weighted average assumptions to calculation option fair value
Company's expected volatility	27.10%	25.50%
Risk-free interest rate	2.66%	0.89%
Expected term	5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period	$ 4.11	$ 3.73

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Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of Stock Option Activity) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Shares Subject to Option
Balance at July 1, 2021 | shares	246,273
Granted | shares	71,200
Exercised | shares
Forfeited or expired | shares	(4,500)
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 | shares	312,973
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022 | shares	282,623
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 | shares	141,598
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at July 1, 2021 | $ / shares	$ 20.89
Granted | $ / shares	13.61
Exercised | $ / shares
Forfeited or expired | $ / shares	18.20
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 | $ / shares	19.27
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022 | $ / shares	19.74
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 | $ / shares	$ 24.49
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance at July 1, 2021	6 years 8 months 23 days
Granted	9 years 10 months 2 days
Outstanding at September 30, 2022	7 years 2 months 19 days
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022	7 years 7 days
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	4 years 11 months 8 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 | $	$ 12,816
Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2022 | $	10,483
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 | $	$ 0

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Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of Changes in Non-Vested Stock Options) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Weighted Number of Shares Subject to Option
Non-vested at July 1, 2022 | shares	104,175
Granted | shares	71,200
Vested | shares
Forfeited or expired | shares	(4,000)
Non-vested at September 30, 2022 | shares	171,375
Average Grant Date Fair Value (per Option)
Non-vested at July 1, 2021 | $ / shares	$ 2.92
Granted | $ / shares	4.11
Vested | $ / shares
Forfeited or expired | $ / shares	1.91
Non-vested at September 30, 2022 | $ / shares	$ 3.44

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Standby Letters of Credit [Member]
Contingent liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

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Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Contract liabilities	$ 1,171,430
Revenue	8,635,795	$ 7,545,432
ASC 606 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Contract liabilities	2,644,238		$ 3,384,474
ASC 606 [Member] | Backlog [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 81,200,000
Percentage of estimated shipments	32% in 2023; 47% in 2024; 17% in 2025, and 4% thereafter.
ASC 606 [Member] | Units Delivered [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 6,959,789	6,492,236
ASC 606 [Member] | Milestones Achieved [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,676,006	$ 1,053,196

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Narrative) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) h shares	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) shares
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures [Line Items]
Number of shares allocated to employees	496,091	483,984
ESOP compensation expense | $	$ 78,927	$ 84,506
Employee Stock Ownership Plan [Member]
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures [Line Items]
Number of hours worked per year to quality for the plan | h	1,000
Shares distributed	0	3,236

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Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Schedule of ESOP shares) (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Employee Stock Ownership Plan [Abstract]
Allocated shares	496,091	483,984
Committed-to-be-released shares	5,622	5,784
Unreleased shares	250,671	273,645
Total shares held by the ESOP	752,384	763,413
Fair value of unreleased shares	$ 3,456,753	$ 3,981,535