Unassociated Document

The Company’s management is responsible for the integrity and accuracy of the financial statements. Management believes that the financial statements for the three years ended September 30, 2008, have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles appropriate in the circumstances. In preparing the financial statements, management makes informed judgments and estimates where necessary to reflect the expected effects of events and transactions that have not been completed. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures ensure that material information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and communicated to management and reported within the required time periods.

In meeting its responsibility for the reliability of the financial statements, management relies on a system of internal accounting control. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization and recorded properly to permit the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The design of this system recognizes that errors or irregularities may occur and that estimates and judgments are required to assess the relative cost and expected benefits of the controls. Management believes that the Company’s accounting controls provide reasonable assurance that errors or irregularities that could be material to the financial statements are prevented or would be detected within a timely period.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed solely of independent Directors, is responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. The Audit Committee meets with management and the internal auditors periodically to review the work of each and to monitor the discharge by each of its responsibilities. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the independent auditors who have free access to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors to discuss the quality and acceptability of the Company’s financial reporting, internal controls, as well as non-audit-related services.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. With the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2008.


	2006			2007			2008			CHANGE 2006 - 2007			CHANGE 2007 - 2008
Net sales	$	19,734			22,131			24,807			12	%		12	%
Gross profit	$	7,129			8,065			9,139			13	%		13	%
Percent of sales		36.1	%		36.4	%		*36.8*	%
SG&A	$	4,076			4,569			5,057
Percent of sales		20.6	%		20.6	%		*20.3*	%
Other deductions, net	$	173			175			303
Interest expense, net	$	207			228			188
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes	$	2,673			3,093			3,591			16	%		16	%
Earnings from continuing operations	$	1,839			2,129			2,454			16	%		15	%
Net earnings	$	1,845			2,136			2,412			16	%		13	%
Percent of sales		9.4	%		9.7	%		*9.7*	%
EPS – Continuing operations	$	2.23			2.65			3.11			19	%		17	%
EPS – Net earnings	$	2.24			2.66			3.06			19	%		15	%
Return on equity		23.7	%		25.2	%		27.0	%
Return on total capital		18.4	%		20.1	%		21.8	%

Emerson achieved record sales, earnings and earnings per share in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2008. For fiscal 2008 net sales were $24.8 billion, an increase of 12 percent; earnings from continuing operations and earnings from continuing operations per share were $2.5 billion and $3.11, increases of 15 percent and 17 percent, respectively; net earnings and net earnings per share were $2.4 billion and $3.06, increases of 13 percent and 15 percent, respectively, over fiscal 2007. Four of the five business segments generated higher sales and earnings compared with the prior year. The Process Management, Network Power and Industrial Automation businesses drove gains, while growth in the Climate Technologies and Appliance and Tools businesses was moderated by weakness in the U.S. consumer appliance and residential end-markets. Strong growth in Asia, Latin America and Middle East/Africa, favorable foreign currency translation, and acquisitions contributed to these results. Profit margins remained at high levels, primarily because of leverage on higher sales volume and benefits derived from previous rationalization actions. Emerson’s financial position remains strong and the Company generated substantial operating cash flow in 2008 of $3.3 billion, an increase of 9 percent, and free cash flow (operating cash flow less capital expenditures) of $2.6 billion, an increase of 10 percent. Emerson maintains a conservative financial structure to provide the strength and flexibility necessary to achieve our strategic objectives.

Net sales for fiscal 2008 were a record $24.8 billion, an increase of approximately $2.7 billion, or 12 percent, over fiscal 2007, with international sales leading the overall growth. The Network Power, Process Management and Industrial Automation businesses drove sales growth, while the Appliance and Tools and Climate Technologies businesses continued to be impacted by the U.S. consumer slowdown. The consolidated results reflect increases in four of the five business segments with an approximate 7 percent ($1,523 million) increase in underlying sales (which exclude acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency translation), a 4 percent ($809 million) favorable impact from foreign currency translation and a 1 percent ($344 million) contribution from acquisitions, net of divestitures. The underlying sales increase for the fiscal 2008 year was driven by a total international sales increase of more than 10 percent and a 3 percent increase in the United States. The international sales increase primarily reflects growth in Asia (17 percent), Latin America (18 percent), Middle East/Africa (17 percent) and Europe (3 percent). The Company estimates that the underlying sales growth of approximately 7 percent primarily reflects an approximate 6 percent gain from volume, which includes an approximate 2 percent impact from penetration gains, and an approximate 1 percent impact from higher sales prices.

Net sales for fiscal 2007 were $22.1 billion, an increase of approximately $2.4 billion, or 12 percent, over fiscal 2006, with international sales leading the overall growth. The consolidated results reflect increases in all five business segments with an approximate 7 percent ($1,349 million) increase in underlying sales, a nearly 3 percent ($566 million) contribution from acquisitions, net of divestitures, and a more than 2 percent ($482 million) favorable impact from foreign currency translation. The underlying sales increase for fiscal 2007 was driven by international sales growth of 13 percent and a 2 percent increase in the United States. The U.S. results reflect a modest decline in the first quarter with moderate growth during the remainder of the year. The international sales increase primarily reflects growth in Asia (16 percent) and Europe (9 percent). The Company estimates that the underlying sales growth of approximately 7 percent primarily reflects an approximate 5 percent gain from volume, which includes an approximate 2 percent impact from penetration gains, and an approximate 2 percent impact from higher sales prices.

International destination sales, including U.S. exports, increased approximately 20 percent, to $13.5 billion in 2008, representing 54 percent of the Company’s total sales. U.S. exports of $1,537 million were up 20 percent compared with 2007, reflecting strong growth in the Network Power, Process Management and Climate Technologies businesses aided by the weaker U.S. dollar, as well as the benefit from acquisitions. International subsidiary sales, including shipments to the United States, were $12.0 billion in 2008, up 19 percent over 2007. Excluding the net 8 percent favorable impact from acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency translation, international subsidiary sales increased 11 percent compared with 2007. Underlying destination sales grew 17 percent in Asia during the year, driven mainly by 21 percent growth in China, while sales grew 18 percent in Latin America, 17 percent in Middle East/Africa and 3 percent in Europe.

International destination sales, including U.S. exports, increased approximately 22 percent including acquisitions, to $11.2 billion in 2007, representing 51 percent of the Company’s total sales. U.S. exports of $1,277 million were up 13 percent compared with 2006, aided by the weaker U.S. dollar. International subsidiary sales, including shipments to the United States, were $10.1 billion in 2007, up 22 percent over 2006. Excluding the net 6 percent favorable impact from acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency translation, international subsidiary sales increased 16 percent compared with 2006. Underlying destination sales grew 16 percent in Asia during the year, driven mainly by 11 percent growth in China, while sales grew 44 percent in the Middle East, 11 percent in Latin America and 9 percent in Europe.

The Company acquired Motorola Inc.’s Embedded Computing business (Embedded Computing) and several smaller businesses during 2008. Embedded Computing provides communication platforms and enabling software used by manufacturers of equipment for telecommunications, medical imaging, defense and aerospace, and industrial automation markets. Total cash paid for these businesses (net of cash and equivalents acquired of approximately $2 million) was approximately $561 million. Annualized sales for acquired businesses were $665 million in 2008.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company divested the Brooks Instrument flow meters and flow controls unit (Brooks), which had sales for the first quarter of 2008 of $21 million and net earnings of $1 million. The Company received $100 million from the sale of Brooks, resulting in a pretax gain of $63 million ($42 million after-tax). The net gain and results of operations for fiscal 2008 were classified as discontinued operations; prior year results of operations were inconsequential. In fiscal 2008, the Company received approximately $101 million from the divestiture of the European appliance motor and pump business, resulting in a loss of $92 million. The European appliance motor and pump business had total annual sales of $453 million, $441 million and $399 million and net earnings, excluding the loss, of $7 million, $7 million and $6 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The loss and results of operations were classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

The Company acquired Damcos Holding AS (Damcos) and Stratos International, Inc. (Stratos), as well as several smaller businesses during 2007. Damcos supplies valve remote control systems and tank monitoring equipment to the marine and shipbuilding industries. Stratos is a designer and manufacturer of radio-frequency and microwave interconnect products. Total cash paid for these businesses (net of cash and equivalents acquired of approximately $40 million, and debt assumed of approximately $56 million) was approximately $295 million. Annualized sales for acquired businesses were $240 million in 2007.

Costs of sales for fiscal 2008 and 2007 were $15.7 billion and $14.1 billion, respectively. Cost of sales as a percent of net sales was 63.2 percent for 2008, compared with 63.6 percent in 2007. Gross profit was $9.1 billion and $8.1 billion for fiscal 2008 and 2007, respectively, resulting in gross profit margins of 36.8 percent and 36.4 percent. The increase in the gross profit margin primarily reflects leverage on higher sales volume and benefits realized from productivity improvements, which were partially offset by negative product mix. Higher sales prices, together with the benefits received from commodity hedging of approximately $42 million, were more than offset by higher raw material and wage costs. The increase in the gross profit amount primarily reflects higher sales volume and foreign currency translation, as well as acquisitions.

Costs of sales for fiscal 2007 and 2006 were $14.1 billion and $12.6 billion, respectively. Cost of sales as a percent of net sales was 63.6 percent for 2007, compared with 63.9 percent in 2006. Gross profit was $8.1 billion and $7.1 billion for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively, resulting in gross profit margins of 36.4 percent and 36.1 percent. The gross profit margin improvement was diminished as higher sales prices, together with the benefits received from commodity hedging of approximately $115 million, were substantially offset by higher material costs and wages. The increase in the gross profit amount primarily reflects higher sales volume, acquisitions, foreign currency translation and savings from cost reduction actions.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses for 2008 were $5.1 billion, or 20.3 percent of net sales, compared with $4.6 billion, or 20.6 percent of net sales for 2007. The increase of approximately $0.5 billion was primarily due to an increase in variable costs on higher sales volume, acquisitions and foreign currency translation, partially offset by a $103 million decrease in incentive stock compensation reflecting the overlap of two performance share programs in the prior year and the decrease in Emerson’s stock price in the current year (see Note 14). The reduction in SG&A as a percent of sales was primarily the result of lower incentive stock compensation, leveraging fixed costs on higher sales and benefits realized from cost reduction actions, particularly in the Process Management and Network Power businesses.

Other deductions, net were $303 million in 2008, a $128 million increase from the $175 million in 2007. The increase reflects numerous items including a $31 million impairment charge related to the North American appliance control business due to a slow economic environment for consumer appliance and residential end-markets and a major customer’s strategy to diversify suppliers and transition to and internalize the production of electronic controls. As a result, the operations of this business will be restructured and integrated into the North American appliance motors business to leverage the combined cost structure and improve profitability on the lower volume, including elimination of redundant manufacturing capacity and a substantial reduction in overhead.

Higher rationalization costs of $17 million in 2008 also contributed to the increase in other deductions, net. Rationalization expense, including amounts reported in discontinued operations, was $98 million, $83 million and $84 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, or a total of $265 million over the three-year period. The Company continuously makes investments in the rationalization of operations to improve operational efficiency and remain competitive on a global basis, and to position the Company for difficult economic conditions that may arise. These actions include relocating facilities to best cost locations and geographic expansion to serve local markets. During the past three years, approximately 45 production, warehouse or office facilities have been exited and more than 6,000 positions have been eliminated. Based on the current economic conditions, the Company expects rationalization expense, including start-up and moving, severance and shutdown costs, to be approximately $125 million to $150 million in 2009.

The increase in other deductions, net in 2008 also includes higher amortization of intangibles related to acquisitions of $18 million, a $12 million charge for in-process research and development in connection with the acquisition of Embedded Computing, $12 million of additional losses on foreign exchange transactions compared with 2007, lower gains of $10 million and other items. Gains in 2008 included the following items. The Company received $54 million and recognized a gain of $39 million ($20 million after-tax) on the sale of an equity investment in Industrial Motion Control Holdings, LLC, a manufacturer of motion control components for automation equipment. The Company also recorded a gain of $18 million related to the sale of a facility.

Other deductions, net were $175 million in 2007, a $2 million increase from the $173 million in 2006. Gains in 2007 included approximately $32 million related to the sale of the Company’s remaining shares in MKS Instruments, Inc. and approximately $24 million related to a payment received under the U.S. Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act (Offset Act). Ongoing costs for the rationalization of operations were $75 million in 2007, compared with $80 million in 2006. The higher gains and lower other costs were more than offset by higher amortization of intangibles related to acquisitions. See Notes 4 and 5 for further details regarding other deductions, net and rationalization costs.

Earnings from continuing operations were $2.5 billion and earnings from continuing operations per share were $3.11 for 2008, increases of 15 percent and 17 percent, respectively, compared with $2.1 billion and $2.65 for 2007. These earnings results reflect increases in four of the five business segments, including $240 million in Process Management, $149 million in Network Power and $62 million in Industrial Automation. The higher earnings also reflect leverage from higher sales, benefits realized from cost containment, and higher sales prices, partially offset by higher raw material and wage costs. See Business Segments discussion that follows for additional information.

Earnings from continuing operations were $2.1 billion and earnings from continuing operations per share were $2.65 for 2007, increases of 16 percent and 19 percent, respectively, compared with $1.8 billion and $2.23 for 2006. These earnings results reflect increases in all five business segments, including $188 million in Process Management, $161 million in Network Power and $96 million in Industrial Automation. The higher earnings also reflect leverage from higher sales, benefits realized from cost containment, and higher sales prices, partially offset by higher raw material and wage costs.

The loss from discontinued operations of $42 million, or $0.05 per share, in fiscal 2008 included a gain of $42 million related to the divestiture of the Brooks unit, a loss of $92 million related to the divestiture of the European appliance motor and pump business, as well as $8 million of operating results related to these divestitures. Discontinued operations for fiscal 2007 and 2006 related to the European appliance motor and pump business were $7 million, or $0.01 per share, and $6 million, or $0.01 per share, respectively. See previous discussion under Acquisitions and Divestitures and Note 3 for additional information regarding discontinued operations.

Net earnings were a record $2.4 billion and earnings per share were a record $3.06 per share for 2008, increases of 13 percent and 15 percent, respectively, compared with net earnings and earnings per share of $2.1 billion and $2.66, respectively, in 2007. Net earnings as a percent of net sales were 9.7 percent in 2008 and 2007. Net earnings in 2008 included a net loss from discontinued operations of $42 million, or $0.05 per share, related to the divestitures of the Brooks unit and the European appliance motor and pump business. The 15 percent increase in earnings per share also reflects the purchase of treasury shares. Return on stockholders’ equity (net earnings divided by average stockholders’ equity) reached 27.0 percent in 2008 compared with 25.2 percent in 2007. The Company achieved return on total capital of 21.8 percent in 2008 compared with 20.1 percent in 2007 (net earnings excluding interest income and expense, net of taxes, divided by average stockholders’ equity plus short- and long-term debt less cash and short-term investments).

Net earnings were $2.1 billion and earnings per share were $2.66 for 2007, increases of 16 percent and 19 percent, respectively, compared with net earnings and earnings per share of $1.8 billion and $2.24, respectively, in 2006. Net earnings as a percent of net sales were 9.7 percent in 2007 compared with 9.4 percent in 2006. The 19 percent increase in earnings per share also reflects the purchase of treasury shares. Return on stockholders’ equity reached 25.2 percent in 2007 compared with 23.7 percent in 2006. The Company achieved return on total capital of 20.1 percent in 2007 compared with 18.4 percent in 2006. The Company consummated a two-for-one stock split in December 2006. All share and per share data have been restated to reflect this split.

2008 vs. 2007 - The Process Management segment sales were $6.7 billion in 2008, an increase of $953 million, or 17 percent, over 2007, reflecting higher volume and foreign currency translation. These results reflect the Company’s continued investment in next-generation technologies and expanding the global reach of the solutions and services businesses, as well as the strong worldwide growth in energy and power markets. All of the businesses reported higher sales, with sales particularly strong for the valves, measurement and systems businesses. Underlying sales increased approximately 14 percent, reflecting 13 percent from volume, which includes an estimated 3 percent from penetration gains, and approximately 1 percent from higher sales prices. Foreign currency translation had a 4 percent ($225 million) favorable impact and the Brooks divestiture, net of acquisitions, had an unfavorable impact of 1 percent ($35 million). The underlying sales increase reflects growth in all geographic regions, Asia (21 percent), the United States (12 percent), Europe (7 percent), Latin America (22 percent), Canada (13 percent) and Middle East/Africa (14 percent), compared with the prior year. Earnings (defined as earnings before interest and taxes for the business segments discussion) increased 23 percent to $1,306 million from $1,066 million in the prior year, reflecting the higher sales volume, savings from cost reductions and material containment and the benefit from foreign currency translation. The margin increase primarily reflects leverage on the higher volume, increase in sales prices and cost containment actions, which were partially offset by higher wage costs, unfavorable product mix and strategic investments to support the growth of these businesses.

2007 vs. 2006 - The Process Management segment sales were $5.7 billion in 2007, an increase of $824 million, or 17 percent, over 2006, reflecting higher volume and acquisitions. Nearly all of the businesses reported higher sales, with sales and earnings particularly strong for the measurement, systems and valves businesses, reflecting very strong worldwide growth in oil and gas and power projects, and expansion in the Middle East. Underlying sales increased 11 percent, reflecting approximately more than 10 percent from volume, which includes approximately 3 percent from penetrating global markets, and approximately less than 1 percent from slightly higher sales prices. Foreign currency translation had a 4 percent ($169 million) favorable impact and the Bristol and Damcos acquisitions contributed 2 percent ($120 million). The underlying sales increase reflects growth in nearly all of the major geographic regions, including the United States (10 percent), Asia (12 percent), Europe (6 percent) and Latin America (6 percent), as well as the Middle East (63 percent), compared with the prior year. Earnings increased 21 percent to $1,066 million from $878 million in the prior year, primarily reflecting the higher sales volume and prices, as well as acquisitions. The margin increase reflects leverage on the higher sales and cost containment actions, which were partially offset by higher wages and an $11 million adverse commercial litigation judgment.

2008 vs. 2007 - The Industrial Automation segment increased sales by 14 percent to $4.9 billion in 2008, compared with $4.3 billion in 2007. Sales growth was strong across the businesses with increased global demand for capital goods and foreign currency contributing to the increase. Sales grew in all of the businesses and in nearly all of the geographic regions, reflecting the strength in the power generating alternator, fluid automation, electronic drives, electrical distribution and materials joining businesses. Underlying sales growth was 7 percent and favorable foreign currency translation contributed 7 percent ($278 million). Underlying sales grew 8 percent in the United States and 6 percent internationally. The U.S. growth particularly reflects the alternator business, which was driven by increased demand for backup generators. The international sales growth primarily reflects increases in Europe (4 percent) and Asia (17 percent). The underlying growth reflects 6 percent from volume, as well as an approximate 1 percent positive impact from price. Earnings increased 9 percent to $727 million for 2008, compared with $665 million in 2007, reflecting higher sales volume and the benefit from foreign currency translation. The margin decrease reflects a lower payment received by the power transmission business from dumping duties related to the Offset Act. A $24 million payment was received in fiscal 2007, while only a $3 million payment was received in fiscal 2008. The Company does not expect to receive any significant payments in the future. The margin was positively impacted by leverage on the higher sales volume and benefits from prior cost reductions efforts. Higher sales prices were substantially offset by higher material and wage costs, as well as unfavorable product mix, which negatively impacted the margin.

2007 vs. 2006 - The Industrial Automation segment increased sales by 13 percent to $4.3 billion in 2007, compared with $3.8 billion in 2006. Nearly all of the businesses reported higher sales in 2007, with particular strength in the power generating alternator, the electrical distribution and the electronic drives businesses, as the favorable economic environment for capital goods continued. The very strong growth in the U.S. and European alternator businesses was driven by increased demand for backup generators and alternative power sources, such as wind turbines. The underlying sales growth of 10 percent and the favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 4 percent ($143 million) was slightly offset by an unfavorable impact of 1 percent from divestitures, net of acquisitions. Underlying sales grew 13 percent internationally and 5 percent in the United States. The international sales growth primarily reflects increases in Europe (12 percent) and Asia (19 percent). The underlying growth reflects approximately 7 percent from volume, including slight penetration gains, caused by increased global industrial demand and an approximate 3 percent positive impact from price. Earnings increased 17 percent to $665 million for 2007, compared with $569 million in 2006, reflecting leverage from higher sales volume and benefits from cost containment, as nearly all of the businesses reported higher earnings. The margin increase was primarily due to leverage on higher sales volume. The earnings increase was also aided by an approximate $24 million payment received by the power transmission business from dumping duties related to the Offset Act in 2007, compared with an $18 million payment received in 2006. Sales price increases were offset by higher material and wage costs, as well as unfavorable product mix.

2008 vs. 2007 - Sales in the Network Power segment increased 23 percent to $6.3 billion in 2008 compared with $5.2 billion in 2007. The increase in sales reflects continued very strong growth in the precision cooling, global services, uninterruptible power supply and inbound power businesses, as well as growth in the power systems businesses. Underlying sales grew 11 percent, while the Embedded Computing and Stratos acquisitions contributed approximately 9 percent ($449 million) and favorable foreign currency translation had a 3 percent ($156 million) favorable impact. The underlying sales increase of 11 percent reflects higher volume, which includes an approximate 4 percent impact from penetration gains. Geographically, underlying sales reflect a 17 percent increase in Asia, an 8 percent increase in the United States, a 14 percent increase in Latin America, a 55 percent increase in Middle East/Africa and a 2 percent increase in Europe. The U.S. growth reflects continued demand for data room construction and non-residential computer equipment as well as in the telecommunications power market. Internationally, the Company continues to penetrate the Chinese, Indian and other Asian markets. Earnings increased 23 percent, or $149 million, to $794 million, compared with $645 million in 2007, primarily because of the higher sales volume and savings from cost reduction actions. The margin increase reflects these savings and leverage on the higher volume, partially offset by a nearly 1 percentage point dilution from the Embedded Computing acquisition and higher wage costs.

2007 vs. 2006 - Sales in the Network Power segment increased 18 percent to $5.2 billion in 2007 compared with $4.4 billion in 2006. The sales increase was driven by continued strong demand in the uninterruptible power supply, precision cooling and inbound power businesses and the full year impact of the Artesyn and Knürr acquisitions. Underlying sales grew 9 percent, while acquisitions, net of divestitures, contributed approximately 7 percent ($332 million) and favorable foreign currency translation had a 2 percent ($98 million) favorable impact. The underlying sales increase of 9 percent reflects an estimated 9 percent gain from higher volume, which includes 3 percent from penetration gains, partially offset by a slight decline in sales prices. Geographically, underlying sales reflect a 20 percent increase in Asia, a 7 percent increase in the United States, while sales in Europe were flat compared with the prior year. The Company’s market penetration gains in China and other Asian markets continued. The U.S. growth reflects strong demand for data room and non-residential computer equipment. Earnings increased 33 percent, or $161 million, to $645 million, compared with $484 million in 2006, primarily because of the Artesyn and Knürr acquisitions and the higher sales volume. The margin increase reflects leverage on higher sales volume, savings from integrating acquisitions and improvement over the prior year in the DC power business. These benefits were partially offset by higher material and wage costs.

2008 vs. 2007 - The Climate Technologies segment reported sales of $3.8 billion for 2008, representing a 6 percent increase over 2007. Underlying sales increased approximately 3 percent and foreign currency translation had a 3 percent ($110 million) favorable impact. The underlying sales increase of 3 percent reflects an approximate 2 percent positive contribution from sales price increases and an approximate 1 percent gain from higher volume, which includes a 2 percent impact from penetration gains. The underlying sales increase was led by the water-heater controls business, which primarily reflects penetration in the U.S. water-heater market. The compressors business grew modestly, primarily in the refrigeration and the U.S. and Asian air-conditioning markets; while the temperature sensors and flow controls businesses declined. The growth in refrigeration was driven by the transport container market. The underlying sales increase reflects a 2 percent increase in the United States and 4 percent growth internationally. Asia grew 9 percent and Europe declined 6 percent. Earnings increased 2 percent to $551 million in 2008 compared with $538 million in 2007. The margin was diluted as higher sales prices were more than offset by material inflation and higher restructuring costs of $13 million. The Company continued its capacity expansion begun in 2006 in Mexico where the next generation scroll compressor design and hermetic motors for the North American market will be produced.

2007 vs. 2006 - The Climate Technologies segment reported sales of $3.6 billion for 2007, representing a 6 percent improvement over 2006. Underlying sales increased approximately 1 percent, while acquisitions contributed 3 percent ($86 million) and foreign currency translation had a 2 percent ($53 million) favorable impact. Lower sales volume of approximately less than 2 percent, which includes a positive 2 percent from penetration gains, was more than offset by an approximate 3 percent positive impact from sales price increases. The underlying sales growth reflects a 16 percent increase in international sales, led by growth in Europe (18 percent) and Asia (17 percent). This growth was partially offset by a 7 percent decline in U.S. sales, which is primarily attributable to difficult comparisons to a very strong prior year for the air-conditioning compressor business, as well as an impact from the downturn in the U.S. housing market. The volume decline in the U.S. air-conditioning business was only partially offset by a modest increase in U.S. refrigeration sales. The very strong growth in Europe and Asia reflects overall favorable market conditions, penetration in the European heat pump market, and penetration gains in Asia, particularly in digital scroll compressor products. Earnings increased 3 percent to $538 million in 2007 compared with $523 million in 2006, primarily because of savings from cost reduction efforts and lower restructuring costs of $5 million. The profit margin declined as the result of deleverage on the lower volume and an acquisition, while higher sales prices were offset by higher material and wage costs.

2008 vs. 2007 - Sales in the Appliance and Tools segment were $3.9 billion in 2008, a 4 percent decrease from 2007. The results of 2008 were mixed reflecting the different sectors served by these businesses. The professional tools, commercial storage and hermetic motor businesses showed strong increases, while the residential storage, appliance components, and appliance and commercial motors businesses declined. The strong growth in the professional tools business was driven by U.S. non-residential and Latin American markets. The declines in the residential storage and appliance-related businesses primarily reflect the continued and ongoing downturn in the U.S. consumer appliance and residential end-markets. The U.S. markets represent more than 80 percent of sales for this segment. Underlying sales in the United States were down 6 percent from the prior year, while international underlying sales increased 13 percent in total. The sales decrease reflects a 3 percent decline in underlying sales, an unfavorable impact from divestitures of 2 percent ($65 million) and a favorable impact from foreign currency translation of 1 percent ($40 million). The underlying sales decrease of 3 percent reflects an estimated 7 percent decline in volume and an approximate 4 percent positive impact from higher sales prices. Earnings for 2008 were $527 million, a 7 percent decrease from 2007. Earnings decreased because of deleverage on the lower sales volume and an impairment charge of $31 million in the appliance control business (see Note 4), which was partially offset by savings from cost reduction actions. The increase in sales prices was substantially offset by higher material (copper and other commodities) and wage costs. The 2007 sale of the consumer hand tools product line favorably impacted the margin.

2007 vs. 2006 - Sales in the Appliance and Tools segment were $4.0 billion in 2007, a 2 percent increase from 2006. The sales increase reflects a 1 percent increase in underlying sales and a contribution from acquisitions of 1 percent ($37 million). The underlying sales increase of 1 percent reflects an estimated 4 percent decline in volume, which includes a positive 1 percent impact from penetration gains, and an approximate 5 percent positive impact from higher sales prices. The results were mixed across the businesses for this segment. The tools and storage businesses showed moderate growth, while sales increased slightly in the motors businesses when compared with 2006. These increases were partially offset by declines in the appliance controls businesses. The growth in the tools businesses was driven by the professional tools and disposer businesses, reflecting the success of new product launches. The volume declines in the appliance controls and certain motors and storage businesses were primarily caused by the downturn in U.S. residential construction. International underlying sales increased 13 percent in total, while underlying sales in the United States were down 1 percent from the prior year. Earnings for 2007 were $564 million, a 5 percent increase from 2006. The earnings increases in tools and motor businesses were partially offset by declines in appliance component and certain storage businesses. Overall, the slight margin improvement primarily reflects the benefits from prior year actions, as well as lower restructuring inefficiencies and costs compared with the prior year. Sales price increases were offset by higher material and wage costs, as well as deleverage from the lower volume.

Emerson generated operating cash flow of $3.3 billion in 2008, a 9 percent increase from 2007, driven by higher net earnings. Cash flow in 2008 also reflects continued improvements in operating working capital management. Operating cash flow was $3.0 billion in 2007, a 20 percent increase from 2006, driven by higher net earnings. At September 30, 2008, operating working capital as a percent of sales was 8.9 percent, compared with 8.5 percent and 10.1 percent in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Operating cash flow also reflects pension contributions of $135 million, $136 million and $124 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Free cash flow (operating cash flow less capital expenditures) was $2.6 billion in 2008, compared with $2.3 billion and $1.9 billion in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The 10 percent increase in free cash flow in 2008 compared with 2007 and the 22 percent increase in 2007 compared with 2006 reflect the increases in operating cash flow, partially offset by higher capital spending. Capital expenditures were $714 million, $681 million and $601 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in capital expenditures during 2008 compared with the prior year was primarily due to capacity expansion in the Process Management and Industrial Automation segments and construction of a corporate technology facility, while the increase in 2007 compared with 2006 included capacity expansion in the Process Management and Climate Technologies segments. In 2009, the Company is targeting capital spending of approximately 3 percent of net sales. Cash paid in connection with Emerson’s acquisitions was $561 million, $295 million and $752 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Dividends were $940 million ($1.20 per share, up 14 percent) in 2008, compared with $837 million ($1.05 per share) in 2007, and $730 million ($0.89 per share) in 2006. In November 2008, the Board of Directors voted to increase the quarterly cash dividend 10 percent to an annualized rate of $1.32 per share. In 2008, the Board of Directors approved a new program for the repurchase of up to 80 million additional shares. In 2008, 22,404,000 shares were repurchased under the fiscal 2002 and 2008 Board of Directors’ authorizations; in 2007, 18,877,000 shares were repurchased under the 2002 authorization, and in 2006, 21,451,000 shares were repurchased under the 2002 authorization; 72.4 million shares remain available for repurchase under the 2008 authorization and none remain available under the 2002 authorization. Purchases of treasury stock totaled $1,128 million, $849 million and $871 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Total debt was $4.5 billion, $3.8 billion and $4.0 billion for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. During 2008, the Company issued $400 million of 5.250% notes due October 2018, under a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and $250 million of 5½% notes matured. During 2007, the Company issued $250 million of 5.125%, ten-year notes due December 2016 and $250 million of 5.375%, ten-year notes due October 2017. During 2006, $250 million of 6.3% notes matured. The total debt-to-capital ratio was 33.1 percent at year-end 2008, compared with 30.1 percent for 2007 and 33.1 percent for 2006. At September 30, 2008, net debt (total debt less cash and equivalents and short-term investments) was 22.7 percent of net capital, compared with 23.6 percent of net capital in 2007 and 28.1 percent of net capital in 2006. The operating cash flow-to-debt ratio was 72.9 percent, 79.9 percent and 62.4 percent in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Company’s interest coverage ratio (earnings before income taxes and interest expense, divided by interest expense) was 15.7 times in 2008, compared with 12.9 times in 2007 and 2006. The increase in the interest coverage ratio from 2007 to 2008 reflects higher earnings and lower interest rates. See Notes 3, 8 and 9 for additional information. The Company’s strong financial position supports long-term debt ratings of A2 by Moody’s Investors Service and A by Standard and Poor’s.

At year-end 2008, the Company maintained, but has not drawn upon, a five-year revolving credit facility effective until April 2011 amounting to $2.8 billion to support short-term borrowings. The credit facility does not contain any financial covenants and is not subject to termination based on a change in credit ratings or a material adverse change. In addition, as of September 30, 2008, the Company could issue up to $1.35 billion in debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, share purchase contracts and share purchase units under the shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company intends to file a new shelf registration statement prior to the expiration of the existing registration in December 2008.

The credit markets, including the commercial paper sector in the United States, have recently experienced adverse conditions. Continuing volatility in the capital markets may increase costs associated with issuing commercial paper or other debt instruments, or affect the Company’s ability to access those markets. Notwithstanding these adverse market conditions, the Company has been able to issue commercial paper and currently believes that sufficient funds will be available to meet the Company’s needs in the foreseeable future through existing resources, ongoing operations and commercial paper (or backup credit lines). However, the Company could be adversely affected if the credit market conditions deteriorate further or continue for an extended period of time and customers, suppliers and financial institutions are unable to meet their commitments to the Company.

Purchase obligations consist primarily of inventory purchases made in the normal course of business to meet operational requirements. The above table does not include $2.1 billion of other noncurrent liabilities recorded in the balance sheet, as summarized in Note 17, which consist primarily of deferred income tax (including unrecognized tax benefits) and retirement and postretirement plan liabilities, because it is not certain when these liabilities will become due. See Notes 10, 11 and 13 for additional information.

The Company is exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, copper and other commodity prices and European and other foreign currency exchange rates, and selectively uses derivative financial instruments, including forwards, swaps and purchased options, to manage these risks. The Company does not hold derivatives for trading purposes. The value of market risk sensitive derivative and other financial instruments is subject to change as a result of movements in market rates and prices. Sensitivity analysis is one technique used to evaluate these impacts. Based on a hypothetical ten-percent increase in interest rates, ten-percent decrease in commodity prices or ten-percent weakening in the U.S. dollar across all currencies, the potential losses in future earnings, fair value and cash flows are immaterial. This method has limitations; for example, a weaker U.S. dollar would benefit future earnings through favorable translation of non-U.S. operating results and lower commodity prices would benefit future earnings through lower cost of sales. See Notes 1, 7, 8 and 9.

Preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity, revenues and expenses. Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant areas involving management judgments and estimates are described in the following paragraphs. Actual results in these areas could differ materially from management’s estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company recognizes nearly all of its revenues through the sale of manufactured products and records the sale when products are shipped and title passes to the customer and collection is reasonably assured. In certain instances, revenue is recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, when services are rendered, or in accordance with AICPA Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition.” Sales sometimes include multiple items including services such as installation. In such instances, revenue assigned to each item is based on that item’s objectively determined fair value, and revenue is recognized individually for delivered items only if the delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis and performance of the undelivered items is probable and substantially in the Company’s control, or the undelivered items are inconsequential or perfunctory. Management believes that all relevant criteria and conditions are considered when recognizing sales.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The majority of inventory values are based upon standard costs that approximate average costs, while the remainder are principally valued on a first-in, first-out basis. Standard costs are revised at the beginning of each fiscal year. The effects of resetting standards and operating variances incurred during each period are allocated between inventories and cost of sales. The Company’s divisions regularly review inventory for obsolescence, make appropriate provisions and dispose of obsolete inventory on an ongoing basis. Various factors are considered in making this determination, including recent sales history and predicted trends, industry market conditions and general economic conditions.

Long-lived assets, which include primarily goodwill and property, plant and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable, as well as annually for goodwill. If the Company determines that the carrying value of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable, a permanent impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is generally measured based on a discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in the Company’s current business model. The estimates of cash flows and discount rate are subject to change depending on the economic environment, including such factors as interest rates, expected market returns and volatility of markets served, particularly if the current downturn continues for an extended period of time. Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair value are reasonable; however, changes in estimates could materially affect the evaluations. The slowdown in consumer appliance and residential end-markets over the past two years, along with strategic decisions in connection with two businesses, resulted in a $31 million impairment in the North American appliance control business and a $92 million loss on the divestiture of the European appliance motor and pump business. See Notes 1, 3, 4 and 6.

The Company continues to focus on a prudent long-term investment strategy. Defined benefit plan expense and obligations are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rate, rate of compensation increases and expected return on plan assets. In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect the Company’s retirement plan obligations and future expense. The discount rate for the U.S. retirement plans was 6.50 percent as of June 30, 2008. As of June 30, 2008, the U.S. retirement plans were overfunded by $331 million and non-U.S. plans were underfunded by $224 million. Unrecognized losses, which will be recognized in future years, were $804 million as of June 30, 2008. Subsequent to the June 30 measurement date, asset values have declined as a result of recent volatility in the capital markets, while pension liabilities have decreased with higher interest rates. The Company estimates that retirement plans in total were underfunded by approximately $400 million as of October 31, 2008. The Company contributed $135 million to defined benefit plans in 2008 and expects to contribute approximately $200 million in 2009. Defined benefit pension plan expense is expected to decline slightly in 2009.

Effective September 30, 2007, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (FAS 158). This statement requires employers to recognize the funded status of defined benefit plans and other postretirement plans in the balance sheet and to recognize changes in the funded status through comprehensive income in the year in which they occur. The incremental effect of adopting FAS 158 resulted in a pretax charge to accumulated other comprehensive income of $522 million ($329 million after-tax). Also see Notes 10 and 11 for additional disclosures. Effective for fiscal year 2009, FAS 158 requires plan assets and liabilities to be measured as of year-end, rather than the June 30 measurement date that the Company presently uses.

Income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s assessment of actual future taxes to be paid on items reflected in the financial statements. Uncertainty exists regarding tax positions taken in previously filed tax returns still under examination and positions expected to be taken in future returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise because of differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Generally, no provision is made for U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries. These earnings are permanently invested or otherwise indefinitely retained for continuing international operations. Determination of the amount of taxes that might be paid on these undistributed earnings if eventually remitted is not practicable. See Note 13.

Effective October 1, 2007, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109” (FIN 48). FIN 48 addresses the accounting for uncertain tax positions that a company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. As of October 1, 2007, the Company had total unrecognized tax benefits of $149 million before recoverability of cross-jurisdictional tax credits (U.S., state and non-U.S.) and temporary differences, and including amounts related to acquisitions that would reduce goodwill. If none of these liabilities is ultimately paid, the tax provision and tax rate would be favorably impacted by $90 million. As a result of adoption, the Company recorded a charge of $6 million to beginning retained earnings. See Note 13 for additional disclosures regarding the adoption.

In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (FAS 161). FAS 161 requires additional derivative disclosures, including objectives and strategies for using derivatives, fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The Company believes FAS 161, which is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, will not have a material impact on the financial statements.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51” (FAS 160). FAS 160 requires an entity to separately disclose non-controlling interests as a separate component of equity in the balance sheet and clearly identify on the face of the income statement net income related to non-controlling interests. FAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not expect the adoption of FAS 160 to have a material impact on the financial statements.

In June 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Staff Position No. EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (FSP EITF 03-6-1). FSP EITF 03-6-1 clarifies whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions should be included in the computation of EPS using the two-class method prior to vesting. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of FSP EITF 03-6-1, which is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not expect the adoption of FSP EITF 06-3-1 to have a material impact on the financial statements.


	2006		2007		2008
Net sales	$	19,734		22,131		24,807
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		12,605		14,066		15,668
Selling, general and administrative expenses		4,076		4,569		5,057
Other deductions, net		173		175		303
Interest expense (net of interest income: 2006, $18; 2007, $33; 2008, $56)		207		228		188
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes		2,673		3,093		3,591
Income taxes		834		964		1,137
Earnings from continuing operations	$	1,839		2,129		2,454
Discontinued operations, net of tax		6		7		(42	)
Net earnings	$	1,845		2,136		2,412
Basic earnings per common share:
Earnings from continuing operations	$	2.25		2.68		3.14
Discontinued operations		0.01		0.01		(0.05	)

Basic earnings per common share	$	2.26		2.69		3.09
Diluted earnings per common share:
Earnings from continuing operations	$	2.23		2.65		3.11
Discontinued operations		0.01		0.01		(0.05	)

Diluted earnings per common share	$	2.24		2.66		3.06


ASSETS	2007		2008

Current assets
Cash and equivalents	$	1,008		1,777
Receivables, less allowances of $86 in 2007 and $90 in 2008		4,260		4,618
Inventories:
Finished products		884		884
Raw materials and work in process		1,343		1,464
Total inventories		2,227		2,348
Other current assets		570		588
Total current assets		8,065		9,331

Property, plant and equipment
Land		199		201
Buildings		1,683		1,737
Machinery and equipment		6,138		6,296
Construction in progress		414		457
		8,434		8,691
Less accumulated depreciation		5,003		5,184
Property, plant and equipment, net		3,431		3,507

Other assets
Goodwill		6,412		6,562
Other		1,772		1,640
Total other assets		8,184		8,202
	$	19,680		21,040


LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	2007		2008

Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt	$	404		1,221
Accounts payable		2,501		2,699
Accrued expenses		2,337		2,480
Income taxes		304		173
Total current liabilities		5,546		6,573
Long-term debt		3,372		3,297
Other liabilities		1,990		2,057

Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock of $2.50 par value per share
Authorized 5,400,000 shares; issued - none		-		-
Common stock of $0.50 par value per share
Authorized 1,200,000,000 shares; issued 953,354,012 shares; outstanding 788,434,076 shares in 2007 and 771,216,037 shares in 2008		477		477
Additional paid-in capital		31		146
Retained earnings		12,536		14,002
Accumulated other comprehensive income		382		141
		13,426		14,766

Less cost of common stock in treasury, 164,919,936 shares in 2007 and 182,137,975 shares in 2008		4,654		5,653
Total stockholders’ equity		8,772		9,113
	$	19,680		21,040


	2006			2007			2008
Common stock
Beginning balance	$	238			238			477
Adjustment for stock split		-			239			-
Ending balance		238			477			477
Additional paid-in capital
Beginning balance		120			161			31
Stock plans and other		41			31			115
Adjustment for stock split		-			(161	)		-
Ending balance		161			31			146
Retained earnings
Beginning balance		10,199			11,314			12,536
Net earnings		1,845			2,136			2,412
Cash dividends (per share: 2006, $0.89; 2007, $1.05; 2008, $1.20)		(730	)		(837	)		(940	)
Adjustment for stock split		-			(77	)		-
Adjustment for adoption of FIN 48		-			-			(6	)
Ending balance		11,314			12,536			14,002
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Beginning balance		(65	)		306			382
Foreign currency translation		175			459			(30	)
Pension and postretirement adjustments (net of tax of: 2006, $(71); 2007, $(1); 2008, $51)		121			2			(144	)
Cash flow hedges and other (net of tax of: 2006, $(43); 2007, $29; 2008, $51)		75			(56	)		(67	)
Adjustment for adoption of FAS 158 (net of tax of: 2007, $193)		-			(329	)		-
Ending balance		306			382			141
Treasury stock
Beginning balance		(3,092	)		(3,865	)		(4,654	)
Acquired		(871	)		(849	)		(1,128	)
Issued under stock plans and other		98			60			129
Ending balance		(3,865	)		(4,654	)		(5,653	)
Total stockholders’ equity	$	8,154			8,772			9,113

Comprehensive income
Net earnings	$	1,845			2,136			2,412
Foreign currency translation		175			459			(30	)
Pension and postretirement adjustments		121			2			(144	)
Cash flow hedges and other		75			(56	)		(67	)
Total	$	2,216			2,541			2,171


	2006			2007			2008
Operating activities
Net earnings	$	1,845			2,136			2,412
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		607			656			707
Changes in operating working capital		(152	)		137			(22	)
Pension funding		(124	)		(136	)		(135	)
Other		336			223			331
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,512			3,016			3,293
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(601	)		(681	)		(714	)
Purchases of businesses, net of cash and equivalents acquired		(752	)		(295	)		(561	)
Other		137			106			203
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,216	)		(870	)		(1,072	)
Financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings		89			(800	)		521
Proceeds from long-term debt		6			496			400
Principal payments on long-term debt		(266	)		(5	)		(261	)
Dividends paid		(730	)		(837	)		(940	)
Purchases of treasury stock		(862	)		(853	)		(1,120	)
Other		32			5			(54	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,731	)		(1,994	)		(1,454	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents		12			46			2
Increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents		(423	)		198			769
Beginning cash and equivalents		1,233			810			1,008
Ending cash and equivalents	$	810			1,008			1,777

Changes in operating working capital
Receivables	$	(246	)		(349	)		(293	)
Inventories		(274	)		96			(90	)
Other current assets		36			36			19
Accounts payable		324			104			199
Accrued expenses		71			200			154
Income taxes		(63	)		50			(11	)
	$	(152	)		137			(22	)

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled affiliates. Intercompany transactions, profits and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Other investments of 20 percent to 50 percent are accounted for by the equity method. Investments in nonpublicly-traded companies of less than 20 percent are carried at cost. Investments in publicly-traded companies of less than 20 percent are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Company records investments in land, buildings, and machinery and equipment at cost. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over estimated service lives. Service lives for principal assets are 30 to 40 years for buildings and 8 to 12 years for machinery and equipment. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognized based on fair value if expected future undiscounted cash flows of the related assets are less than their carrying values.

Assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method and recorded at their respective fair values. Substantially all goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that acquires a business. A reporting unit is an operating segment as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” or a business one level below an operating segment if discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by the segment manager. The Company conducts a formal impairment test of goodwill on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Under the impairment test, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment is recognized to the extent that the reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill. Fair values of reporting units are estimated using discounted cash flows and market multiples.

All derivative instruments are reported on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as a hedge and on the type of hedge. For each derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income until recognized in earnings with the underlying hedged item. For each derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative and the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item are recognized immediately in earnings. Currency fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar obligations that have been designated as hedges on non-U.S. net asset exposures are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Regardless of type, a fully effective hedge will result in no net earnings impact while the derivative is outstanding. To the extent that any hedge is ineffective at offsetting cash flow or fair value changes in the underlying hedged item, there could be a net earnings impact. Gains and losses from the ineffective portion of any hedge, as well as the gains and losses on derivative instruments not designated as a hedge, are recognized in the income statement immediately.

On December 11, 2006, a two-for-one split of the Company’s common stock was effected in the form of a 100 percent stock dividend (shares began trading on a post-split basis on December 12, 2006). This stock split resulted in the issuance of approximately 476.7 million additional shares of common stock and was accounted for by the transfer of approximately $161 from additional paid-in capital and $77 from retained earnings to common stock. All share and per share data have been retroactively restated to reflect this split.

Effective September 30, 2007, Emerson adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (FAS 158). This statement requires employers to recognize the over- or under-funded status of defined benefit plans and other postretirement plans in the balance sheet and to recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The incremental effect of adopting FAS 158 was a reduction in other assets of $425, an increase in other liabilities of $97 and an after-tax charge to accumulated other comprehensive income of $329 (See Notes 10 and 11).

Basic earnings per common share consider only the weighted average of common shares outstanding while diluted earnings per common share consider the dilutive effects of stock options and incentive shares. Options to purchase approximately 3.6 million, 1.1 million and 1.0 million shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, because their effect would have been antidilutive. Reconciliations of weighted average common shares for basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share follow:

The Company acquired Motorola Inc.’s Embedded Computing business (Embedded Computing) during the first quarter of 2008. Embedded Computing provides communication platforms and enabling software used by manufacturers of equipment for telecommunications, medical imaging, defense and aerospace, and industrial automation markets and is included in the Network Power segment. In addition to Embedded Computing, the company acquired several smaller businesses during 2008 mainly in the Process Management and Network Power segments. Total cash paid for these businesses was approximately $561 (net of cash and equivalents acquired of approximately $2) and their annualized sales were approximately $665. Goodwill of $273 ($214 of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes) and identifiable intangible assets (primarily technology and customer relationships) of $191, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average life of eight years, were recognized from these transactions in 2008. Third-party valuations of assets are in-process; purchase price allocations are subject to refinement for fiscal year 2008 acquisitions.

In the first quarter of 2008, the Company divested the Brooks Instrument flow meters and flow controls unit (Brooks), which had sales for the first quarter of 2008 of $21 and net earnings of $1. The Company received $100 from the sale of Brooks, resulting in a pretax gain of $63 ($42 after-tax). The net gain and results of operations for fiscal 2008 were classified as discontinued operations; prior year results of operations were inconsequential. This business was previously included in the Process Management segment. In fiscal 2008, the Company completed the divestiture of the European appliance motor and pump business and received approximately $101 from the sale, resulting in a total loss of $92. In connection with a long-term strategy to divest selective slower-growth businesses, the Company had been actively pursuing the sale of this business. The forecast for this business was lower than originally planned due to a slow economic environment for the consumer appliance market, increasing competition from Asia, higher commodity costs, and loss of a customer. As a result, the carrying value of this business exceeded its estimated realizable value, and a loss of $52 was recorded for goodwill impairment in the second quarter of 2008. The Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the business which resulted in an additional loss of $36 (including goodwill of $31) during the third quarter of 2008. A $4 loss was recorded when the transaction closed in the fourth quarter of 2008. The European appliance motor and pump business had total annual sales of $453, $441 and $399 and net earnings, excluding the loss, of $7, $7, and $6, in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The results of operations were classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. This business was previously included in the Appliance and Tools segment.

The Company acquired Damcos Holding AS (Damcos) during the second quarter of fiscal 2007, and Stratos International, Inc. (Stratos) during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Damcos supplies valve remote control systems and tank monitoring equipment to the marine and shipbuilding industries and is included in the Process Management segment. Stratos is a designer and manufacturer of radio-frequency and microwave interconnect products and is included in the Network Power segment. In addition to Damcos and Stratos, the Company acquired several smaller businesses during 2007 mainly in the Process Management and Appliance and Tools segments. Total cash paid for these businesses was approximately $295 (net of cash and equivalents acquired of approximately $40 and debt assumed of approximately $56) and their annualized sales were $240. Goodwill of $189 (none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes) and identifiable intangible assets (primarily technology and customer relationships) of $106, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average life of nine years, were recognized from these transactions in 2007.

In 2007, the Company divested two small business units that had total annual sales of $113 and $115 for fiscal years 2006 and 2005, respectively. In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company received approximately $80 from the divestiture of the materials testing business, resulting in a pretax gain of $31 ($22 after-tax). The materials testing business represented total annual sales of approximately $58 and $59 in 2006 and 2005, respectively. These businesses were not reclassified as discontinued operations because of immateriality.

The Company acquired Artesyn Technologies, Inc. (Artesyn) during the third quarter of fiscal 2006, and Knürr AG (Knürr) and Bristol Babcock (Bristol) during the second quarter of fiscal 2006. Artesyn is a global manufacturer of advanced power conversion equipment and board-level computing solutions for infrastructure applications in telecommunication and data-communication systems and is included in the Network Power segment. Knürr is a manufacturer of indoor and outdoor enclosure systems and cooling technologies for telecommunications, electronics and computing equipment and is included in the Network Power segment. Bristol is a manufacturer of control and measurement equipment for oil and gas, water and wastewater, and power industries and is included in the Process Management segment. In addition to Artesyn, Knürr and Bristol, the Company acquired several smaller businesses during 2006 mainly in the Industrial Automation and Appliance and Tools segments. Total cash paid for these businesses was approximately $752 (net of cash and equivalents acquired of approximately $120 and debt assumed of approximately $90) and their annualized sales were $920. Goodwill of $481 ($54 of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes) and identifiable intangible assets (primarily technology and customer relationships) of $189, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average life of nine years, were recognized from these transactions in 2006.

Other is comprised of several items that are individually immaterial, including minority interest expense, foreign currency gains and losses, bad debt expense, equity investment income and losses, as well as one-time items, such as litigation and disputed matters, insurance recoveries and interest refunds. Other increased from 2007 to 2008 primarily because of an additional $12 loss on foreign currency exchange transactions, an approximate $12 charge for in-process research and development in connection with the acquisition of the Embedded Computing business and a $31 goodwill impairment charge related to the North American appliance control business due to a slow economic environment for consumer appliance and residential end-markets and a major customer’s strategy to diversify suppliers and transition to and internalize the production of electronic controls. The customer’s strategy will result in a reduction of volume and potential elimination of the appliance control business as a supplier. As a result, sales and profits for this business are forecasted to decline. The Company considered the potential sale of this business and two strategic buyers expressed preliminary interest in the third quarter of 2008. Both subsequently decided not to pursue the acquisition of this business. Therefore, the decision was made to restructure these operations and integrate them with the North American appliance motors business.

Gains, net for 2006 includes the following items. The Company recorded gains of approximately $26 in 2006 related to the sale of 4.4 million shares of MKS. In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a pretax gain of approximately $31 related to the divesture of the materials testing business. Also during the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a pretax charge of $14 related to the write-down of two businesses that were sold in 2007 to their net realizable values. The Company also recorded a gain of approximately $18 in 2006 for payments received under the Offset Act.

Rationalization of operations comprises expenses associated with the Company’s efforts to continuously improve operational efficiency and to expand globally in order to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. These expenses result from numerous individual actions implemented across the divisions on a routine basis. Rationalization of operations includes ongoing costs for moving facilities, starting up plants from relocation as well as business expansion, exiting product lines, curtailing/downsizing operations because of changing economic conditions, and other items resulting from asset redeployment decisions. Shutdown costs include severance, benefits, stay bonuses, lease/contract terminations and asset write-downs. Start-up and moving costs include employee training and relocation, movement of assets and other items. Vacant facility costs include security, maintenance and utility costs associated with facilities that are no longer being utilized.

During 2008, rationalization of operations primarily related to the exit of approximately 10 production, distribution, or office facilities, including the elimination of approximately 2,300 positions, as well as costs related to facilities exited in previous periods. Noteworthy rationalization actions during 2008 are as follows. Process Management included start-up costs related to capacity expansion in China to serve the Asian market and severance related to consolidation of certain production facilities in Europe to obtain operational efficiencies. Industrial Automation included severance and start-up and moving costs related to the consolidation of certain power transmission and valve facilities in North America to obtain operational efficiencies. Network Power included severance and start-up and moving costs related to the consolidation of certain production in North America to remain competitive on a global basis and start-up and moving costs related to the transfer of certain embedded computing production in Asia. Climate Technologies included severance and shutdown and start-up and moving costs related to the shifting of certain production in the United States to Mexico, and severance and shutdown costs related to the consolidation of certain production facilities in Europe to obtain operational efficiencies. Appliance and Tools included severance and start-up and moving costs related to the shifting of certain production from Canada to the United States and severance related to the closure of certain motor production in Europe to remain competitive on a global basis. The Company expects rationalization expense for 2009 to be approximately $125 to $150, including the costs to complete actions initiated before the end of 2008 and actions anticipated to be approved and initiated during 2009.

During 2007, rationalization of operations primarily related to the exit of approximately 25 production, distribution, or office facilities, including the elimination of approximately 2,200 positions, as well as costs related to facilities exited in previous periods. Noteworthy rationalization actions during 2007 are as follows. Process Management included start-up costs related to capacity expansion in China to serve the Asian market, as well as severance and start-up and moving costs related to the movement of certain operations in Western Europe to Eastern Europe and Asia to improve profitability. Industrial Automation included severance and start-up and moving costs related to the consolidation of certain power transmission facilities in Asia and North America to obtain operational efficiencies and serve Asian and North American markets. Network Power included severance related to the closure of certain power conversion facilities acquired with Artesyn, as well as severance and start-up and moving costs related to the shifting of certain power systems production from the United States and Europe to Mexico to remain competitive on a global basis. Climate Technologies included start-up costs related to capacity expansion in Mexico and Eastern Europe to improve profitability and to serve these markets, and start-up and moving costs related to the consolidation of certain production facilities in the United States to obtain operational efficiencies. Appliance and Tools included severance and start-up and moving costs related to the consolidation of certain North American production, and severance related to the closure of certain motor production in Europe to remain competitive on a global basis.

During 2006, rationalization of operations primarily related to the exit of approximately 10 production, distribution, or office facilities, including the elimination of approximately 1,700 positions, as well as costs related to facilities exited in previous periods. Noteworthy rationalization actions during 2006 are as follows. Process Management included severance related to the shifting of certain regulator production from Western Europe to Eastern Europe. Industrial Automation included start-up and moving costs related to shifting certain motor production in Western Europe to Eastern Europe, China and Mexico to leverage costs and remain competitive on a global basis and to serve these markets. Network Power included severance related to the closure of certain power conversion facilities acquired with Artesyn, severance, start-up and vacant facility costs related to the consolidation of certain power systems operations in North America and the consolidation of administrative operations in Europe to obtain operational synergies. Climate Technologies included severance related to the movement of temperature sensors and controls production from Western Europe to China and start-up and moving costs related to a new plant in Eastern Europe in order to improve profitability. Appliance and Tools included primarily severance and start-up and moving costs related to the shifting of certain tool and motor manufacturing operations from the United States and Western Europe to China and Mexico in order to consolidate facilities and improve profitability.


	PROCESS			INDUSTRIAL			NETWORK			CLIMATE			APPLIANCE
	MANAGEMENT			AUTOMATION			POWER			TECHNOLOGIES			AND TOOLS			TOTAL
Balance, September 30, 2006	$	1,778			1,016			2,162			408			649			6,013
Acquisitions		146			1			26			3			13			189
Divestitures								(5	)								(5	)
Impairment					(7	)											(7	)
Foreign currency translation and other		61			60			76			9			16			222
Balance, September 30, 2007	$	1,985			1,070			2,259			420			678			6,412
Acquisitions		87			24			162									273
Divestitures														(83	)		(83	)
Impairment														(31	)		(31	)
Foreign currency translation and other		(29	)		13			11			(8	)		4			(9	)
Balance, September 30, 2008	$	2,043			1,107			2,432			412			568			6,562

To efficiently manage interest costs, the Company utilizes interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of variable rate debt or fair value hedges of fixed rate debt. Also as part of its hedging strategy, the Company utilizes purchased option and forward exchange contracts and commodity swaps as cash flow or fair value hedges to minimize the impact of currency and commodity price fluctuations on transactions, cash flows, fair values and firm commitments. Hedge ineffectiveness during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was immaterial. At September 30, 2008, substantially all of the contracts for the sale or purchase of European and other currencies and the purchase of copper and other commodities mature within two years; contracts with a fair value of approximately $56 of losses mature in 2009 and $6 of losses mature in 2010.

Fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are estimated by reference to quoted prices from market sources and financial institutions, as well as other valuation techniques. The estimated fair value of long-term debt (including current maturities) was in excess of (less than) the related carrying value by ($12) and $2 at September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The estimated fair value of each of the Company’s other classes of financial instruments approximated the related carrying value at September 30, 2008 and 2007.


	2007		2008
5 ½% notes due September 2008	$	250		–
5% notes due October 2008		175		175
5.85% notes due March 2009		250		250
7 ⅛% notes due August 2010		500		500
5.75% notes due November 2011		250		250
4.625% notes due October 2012		250		250
4 ½% notes due May 2013		250		250
5 ⅝% notes due November 2013		250		250
5% notes due December 2014		250		250
4.75% notes due October 2015		250		250
5.125% notes due December 2016		250		250
5.375% notes due October 2017		250		250
5.250% notes due October 2018		–		400
6% notes due August 2032		250		250
Other		198		189
		3,623		3,764
Less current maturities		251		467
Total	$	3,372		3,297

During the second quarter of 2008, the Company issued $400 million of 5.250% notes due October 2018, under a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During the first and third quarters of 2007, the Company issued $250 of 5.125%, ten-year notes, and $250 of 5.375%, ten-year notes, respectively, under a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In 1999, the Company issued $250 of 5.85%, ten-year notes that were simultaneously swapped to U.S. commercial paper rates. The Company terminated the swap in 2001, establishing an effective interest rate of 5.7 percent.

As of September 30, 2008, the Company could issue up to $1.35 billion in debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, share purchase contracts and share purchase units under the shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company may sell securities in one or more separate offerings with the size, price and terms to be determined at the time of sale. The net proceeds from the sale of the securities will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include, but are not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, financing acquisitions and the repayment of short- or long-term borrowings. The net proceeds may be invested temporarily until they are used for their stated purpose. The Company intends to file a new shelf registration statement prior to the expiration of the existing registration in December 2008.


	U.S. PLANS									NON-U.S. PLANS
	2006			2007			2008			2006			2007			2008
Defined benefit plans:
Service cost (benefits earned during the period)	$	58			43			48			19			21			23
Interest cost		145			159			167			32			38			45
Expected return on plan assets		(202	)		(211	)		(230	)		(32	)		(38	)		(45	)
Net amortization		100			87			86			16			11			11
Net periodic pension expense		101			78			71			35			32			34
Defined contribution and multiemployer plans		85			94			104			25			27			34
Total retirement plan expense	$	186			172			175			60			59			68


	U.S. PLANS						NON-U.S. PLANS
	2007			2008			2007			2008
Projected benefit obligation, beginning	$	2,464			2,678			711			837
Service cost		43			48			21			23
Interest cost		159			167			38			45
Actuarial loss (gain)		127			(64	)		10			21
Benefits paid		(129	)		(136	)		(36	)		(35	)
Acquisitions/divestitures, net		-			-			18			21
Foreign currency translation and other		14			6			75			(69	)
Projected benefit obligation, ending	$	2,678			2,699			837			843

Fair value of plan assets, beginning	$	2,785			3,204			555			690
Actual return on plan assets		475			(102	)		50			(42	)
Employer contributions		71			63			62			73
Benefits paid		(129	)		(136	)		(36	)		(35	)
Acquisitions/divestitures, net		-			-			1			4
Foreign currency translation and other		2			1			58			(71	)
Fair value of plan assets, ending	$	3,204			3,030			690			619

Plan assets in excess of (less than) benefit obligation as of June 30	$	526			331			(147	)		(224	)
Adjustment for fourth quarter contributions		1			-			4			4
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet	$	527			331			(143	)		(220	)

The amounts recognized in the balance sheet as of September 30 consisted of:
Noncurrent asset	$	630			431			19			5
Noncurrent liability	$	(103	)		(100	)		(162	)		(225	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(365	)		(551	)		(185	)		(253	)

Approximately $81 of the $804 of accumulated losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income at September 30, 2008, will be amortized into earnings in 2009. Retirement plans in total were overfunded by $107 as of June 30, 2008. Subsequent to the June 30 measurement date, asset values have declined as a result of recent volatility in the capital markets, while pension liabilities have decreased with higher interest rates. The Company estimates that retirement plans in total were underfunded by approximately $400 million as of October 31, 2008.


	U.S. PLANS									NON-U.S. PLANS
	2006			2007			2008			2006			2007			2008
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net pension expense:
Discount rate		5.25	%		6.50	%		6.25	%		4.7	%		4.9	%		5.3	%
Expected return on plan assets		8.00	%		8.00	%		8.00	%		7.2	%		7.2	%		7.3	%
Rate of compensation increase		3.00	%		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.0	%		3.1	%		3.5	%

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of June 30:
Discount rate		6.50	%		6.25	%		6.50	%		4.9	%		5.3	%		5.9	%
Rate of compensation increase		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.1	%		3.5	%		3.5	%

The primary objective for the investment of plan assets is to secure participant retirement benefits, while earning a reasonable rate of return. Plan assets are invested consistent with the provisions of prudence and diversification rules of ERISA and with a long-term investment horizon. The expected return on plan assets assumption is determined by reviewing the investment return of the plans for the past ten years and the historical return (since 1926) of an asset mix approximating Emerson’s current asset allocation targets and evaluating these returns in relation to expectations of various investment organizations to determine whether long-term future returns are expected to differ significantly from the past. The Company’s pension plan asset allocations at June 30, 2008 and 2007, and target weighted-average allocations are as follows:

The Company estimates that future benefit payments for the U.S. plans will be as follows: $137 in 2009, $144 in 2010, $150 in 2011, $158 in 2012, $166 in 2013 and $958 in total over the five years 2014 through 2018. Using foreign exchange rates as of September 30, 2008, the Company estimates that future benefit payments for the non-U.S. plans will be as follows: $31 in 2009, $29 in 2010, $33 in 2011, $37 in 2012, $39 in 2013 and $224 in total over the five years 2014 through 2018. In 2009, the Company expects to contribute approximately $200 to the retirement plans.

Approximately $5 of losses netted within the $1 of accumulated credits included in accumulated other comprehensive income at September 30, 2008, will be amortized into earnings in 2009. The assumed discount rates used in measuring the obligations as of September 30, 2008, 2007 and 2006, were 6.50 percent, 6.00 percent and 5.75 percent, respectively. The assumed health care cost trend rate for 2009 was 9.0 percent, declining to 5.0 percent in the year 2017. The assumed health care cost trend rate for 2008 was 9.5 percent, declining to 5.0 percent in the year 2017. A one-percentage-point increase or decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate for each year would increase or decrease the obligation as of September 30, 2008 and the 2008 postretirement plan expense by less than 5 percent. The Company estimates that future benefit payments will be as follows: $42 in 2009, $46 in 2010, $53 in 2011, $53 in 2012, $53 in 2013 and $238 in total over the five years 2014 through 2018.

Emerson is a party to a number of pending legal proceedings and claims, including those involving general and product liability and other matters, several of which claim substantial amounts of damages. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs (including legal fees and expenses) will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are based on developments to date, management’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters, the Company’s experience in contesting, litigating and settling other similar matters, and any related insurance coverage.

Although it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters discussed above, historically, the Company has been successful in defending itself against claims and suits that have been brought against it. The Company will continue to defend itself vigorously in all such matters. While the Company believes a material adverse impact is unlikely, given the inherent uncertainty of litigation, a remote possibility exists that a future adverse development could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

The Company enters into indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business in which the indemnified party is held harmless and is reimbursed for losses incurred from claims by third parties. In connection with divestitures of certain assets or businesses, the Company often provides indemnities to the buyer with respect to certain matters including, for example, environmental liabilities and unidentified tax liabilities related to periods prior to the disposition. Because of the uncertain nature of the indemnities, the maximum liability cannot be quantified. Liabilities for obligations are recorded when probable and when they can be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Company has not made significant payments for these obligations.


	2007			2008
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities	$	195			189
Employee compensation and benefits		193			146
Postretirement and postemployment benefits		174			170
NOL and tax credits		261			249
Capital loss benefit		47			18
Other		110			152
Total	$	980			924

Valuation allowance	$	(166	)		(146	)

Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles	$	(413	)		(437	)
Property, plant and equipment		(244	)		(221	)
Pension		(121	)		(94	)
Leveraged leases		(96	)		(79	)
Other		(105	)		(53	)
Total	$	(979	)		(884	)
Net deferred income tax liability	$	(165	)		(106	)

At September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, net current deferred tax assets were $328 and $269, and net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities were $434 and $434. Total income taxes paid were approximately $1,110, $960 and $820 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The capital loss carryforward of $18 expires in 2012. The majority of the $249 net operating losses and tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely, while the remainders expire over varying periods. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets at September 30, 2008, includes $50 related to acquisitions, which would reduce goodwill if the deferred tax assets are ultimately realized.

Effective October 1, 2007, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109” (FIN 48). FIN 48 addresses the accounting for uncertain tax positions that a company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. As of October 1, 2007, the Company had total unrecognized tax benefits of $149 before recoverability of cross-jurisdictional tax credits (U.S., state and non-U.S.) and temporary differences, and including amounts related to acquisitions that would reduce goodwill. If none of these liabilities is ultimately paid, the tax provision and tax rate would be favorably impacted by $90. As a result of adoption, the Company recorded a charge of $6 to beginning retained earnings. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits is not expected to significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

The Company’s Stock Option Plans permit key officers and employees to purchase common stock at specified prices. Options are granted at 100 percent of the average of the high and low prices of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, generally vest one-third each year and expire ten years from the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized over the vesting period based on the number of options expected to vest. At September 30, 2008, approximately 11.4 million options remained available for grant under these plans.

The fair value of each award is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuations for 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows: risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Treasury yield of 4.1 percent, 4.6 percent and 4.4 percent; dividend yield of 2.0 percent, 2.4 percent and 2.4 percent; and expected volatility based on historical volatility of 17 percent, 20 percent and 23 percent. The expected life of an option is six years based on historical experience and expected exercise patterns in the future.

The Company’s Incentive Shares Plans include performance share awards, which involve the distribution of common stock to key management personnel subject to certain conditions and restrictions. Performance share distributions are made primarily in shares of common stock of the Company and partially in cash. Compensation cost is recognized over the service period based on the number of awards expected to be ultimately earned. Performance share awards are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment.” Compensation expense is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the change in the fair value of the awards.

In 2008, as a result of the Company achieving certain performance objectives at the end of 2007 and the performance of services by the employees, 4,647,888 rights to receive common shares vested and were distributed to participants as follows: 2,693,922 issued in shares, 1,562,045 withheld for income taxes, 313,222 paid in cash and 78,699 deferred by participants for future distribution. As of September 30, 2008, 5,008,800 rights to receive common shares (awarded primarily in 2007) were outstanding, contingent upon achieving the Company’s performance objective through 2010 and the performance of services by the employees.

The Company’s Incentive Shares Plans also include restricted stock awards, which involve the distribution of the Company’s common stock to key management personnel subject to service periods ranging from three to ten years. The fair value of these awards is determined based on the average of the high and low prices of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized over the applicable service period. In 2008, 668,554 shares of restricted stock vested as a result of the fulfillment of the applicable service periods and were distributed to participants as follows: 403,402 issued in shares and 265,152 withheld for income taxes. As of September 30, 2008, there were 1,624,000 shares of restricted stock awards outstanding.

Compensation cost for the Stock Option and Incentive Shares Plans was $82, $185 and $81, for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase from 2006 to 2007 primarily reflects the increase in Emerson’s stock price, as well as the overlap of two performance share programs (awards made in 2004 for performance through 2007 and awards made in 2007 for performance through 2010). The decrease from 2007 to 2008 reflects the overlap of two performance share programs in the prior year and the decrease in Emerson’s stock price in the current year. Total income tax benefit recognized in the income statement for these compensation arrangements during 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $21, $55 and $22, respectively. As of September 30, 2008, there was $153 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested awards granted under these plans, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

Approximately 1.2 million preferred shares are reserved for issuance under a Preferred Stock Purchase Rights Plan. Under certain conditions involving the acquisition of or an offer for 20 percent or more of the Company’s common stock, all holders of Rights, except an acquiring entity, would be entitled (i) to purchase, at an exercise price of $260, common stock of the Company or an acquiring entity with a value twice the exercise price, or (ii) at the option of the Board, to exchange each Right for one share of common stock. The Rights remained in existence until November 1, 2008.

The Company designs and supplies product technology and delivers engineering services in a wide range of industrial, commercial and consumer markets around the world. The divisions of the Company are organized primarily by the nature of the products and services provided. The Process Management segment includes systems and software, measurement and analytical instrumentation, valves, actuators and regulators, and services and solutions that provide precision control, monitoring and asset optimization for plants that produce power or that process fluids, such as petroleum, chemicals, food and beverages, pulp and paper, and pharmaceuticals. The Industrial Automation segment includes industrial motors and drives, power transmission equipment, alternators, materials joining and precision cleaning, fluid power and control, and electrical distribution equipment, which are used in a wide variety of manufacturing operations and materials handling products and generators to provide integrated manufacturing solutions to our customers. The Network Power segment designs, manufactures, installs and maintains power systems, including power conditioning and uninterruptible power supplies, embedded power supplies, precision cooling systems, electrical switching equipment, and site monitoring systems for telecommunications networks, data centers and other critical applications. The Climate Technologies segment consists of compressors, temperature sensors and controls, thermostats, flow controls, and remote monitoring services provided to all areas of the climate control industry. The Appliance and Tools segment includes general and special purpose motors and controls, appliances and appliance components, plumbing tools, and storage products used in a wide variety of commercial and residential applications. The principal distribution method for each segment is a direct sales force, although the Company also uses independent sales representatives and distributors.

The primary income measure used for assessing performance and making operating decisions is earnings before interest and income taxes. Intersegment sales approximate market prices. Accounting method differences between segment reporting and the consolidated financial statements include primarily management fees allocated to segments based on a percentage of sales and the accounting for pension and other retirement plans. Gains and losses from divestitures of businesses are included in Corporate and other. Corporate assets include primarily cash and equivalents, pensions, investments, and certain fixed assets.


	SALES									EARNINGS									TOTAL ASSETS
	2006			2007			2008			2006			2007			2008			2006		2007		2008
Process Management	$	4,875			5,699			6,652			878			1,066			1,306			4,146		4,902		5,152
Industrial Automation		3,767			4,269			4,852			569			665			727			2,941		3,141		3,357
Network Power		4,350			5,150			6,312			484			645			794			4,436		4,758		5,433
Climate Technologies		3,424			3,614			3,822			523			538			551			2,129		2,156		2,201
Appliance and Tools		3,914			4,006			3,861			539			564			527			2,670		2,630		2,153
		20,330			22,738			25,499			2,993			3,478			3,905			16,322		17,587		18,296
Differences in accounting methods											176			210			232
Corporate and other (a)											(289	)		(367	)		(358	)		2,350		2,093		2,744
Sales eliminations / Interest		(596	)		(607	)		(692	)		(207	)		(228	)		(188	)
Total	$	19,734			22,131			24,807			2,673			3,093			3,591			18,672		19,680		21,040


							DEPRECIATION AND
	INTERSEGMENT SALES						AMORTIZATION EXPENSE						CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
	2006		2007		2008		2006		2007		2008		2006		2007		2008
Process Management	$	3		4		5		128		148		148		101		125		144
Industrial Automation		21		28		34		100		104		112		87		107		129
Network Power		10		10		15		98		115		149		103		111		127
Climate Technologies		43		48		53		127		132		139		148		160		128
Appliance and Tools		519		517		585		137		140		138		149		131		107
Corporate and other								17		17		21		13		47		79
Total	$	596		607		692		607		656		707		601		681		714


	FIRST QUARTER				SECOND QUARTER				THIRD QUARTER				FOURTH QUARTER				FISCAL YEAR
	2007		2008		2007		2008		2007		2008		2007		2008		2007		2008
Net sales	$	4,937		5,520		5,394		6,023		5,772		6,568		6,028		6,696		22,131		24,807
Gross profit	$	1,783		2,010		1,939		2,242		2,095		2,413		2,248		2,474		8,065		9,139
Earnings from continuing operations	$	442		519		493		598		573		647		621		690		2,129		2,454
Net earnings	$	445		565		494		547		574		612		623		688		2,136		2,412

Earnings from continuing operations per common share:
Basic	$	0.55		0.66		0.62		0.76		0.72		0.83		0.79		0.89		2.68		3.14
Diluted	$	0.55		0.65		0.61		0.75		0.71		0.82		0.78		0.88		2.65		3.11

Net earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.56		0.72		0.62		0.70		0.72		0.79		0.79		0.89		2.69		3.09
Diluted	$	0.55		0.71		0.61		0.69		0.72		0.78		0.78		0.88		2.66		3.06

Dividends per common share	$	0.2625		0.3000		0.2625		0.3000		0.2625		0.3000		0.2625		0.3000		1.05		1.20
Common stock prices:
High	$	44.52		58.32		45.80		55.83		49.11		58.20		53.37		50.94		53.37		58.32
Low	$	41.11		50.50		42.11		47.88		41.85		48.17		45.42		38.46		41.11		38.46

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Emerson Electric Co. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 2008. We also have audited Emerson Electric Co.’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Emerson Electric Co.’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Emerson Electric Co. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, Emerson Electric Co. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

This Annual Report contains various forward-looking statements and includes assumptions concerning Emerson’s operations, future results, and prospects. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, are subject to risk and uncertainties, and Emerson undertakes no obligation to update any such statements to reflect later developments. In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Emerson provides the following cautionary statement identifying important economic, political, and technological factors, among others, changes of which could cause the actual results or events to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by the forward-looking statements and related assumptions.

Such factors include the following: (i) current and future business environment, including interest rates, currency exchange rates and capital and consumer spending; (ii) potential volatility of the end markets served; (iii) competitive factors and competitor responses to Emerson initiatives; (iv) development and market introduction of anticipated new products; (v) availability of raw materials and purchased components; (vi) government laws and regulations, including taxes; (vii) outcome of pending and future litigation, including environmental compliance; (viii) stability of governments and business conditions in emerging economies; (ix) penetration of emerging economies; (x) favorable environment for acquisitions, domestic and foreign, including regulatory requirements and market values of candidates; (xi) integration of acquisitions; (xii) favorable access to capital markets; and (xiii) execution of cost-reduction efforts.

/s/ David N. Farr		/s/ Walter J. Gavin
David N. Farr		Walter J. Galvin
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President		Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	2006			2007			2008
Operating Cash Flow		$2,512			3,016			3,293
Percent of sales		12.5	%		13.4	%		*13.3*	%
Capital Expenditures		$601			681			714
Percent of sales		3.0	%		3.0	%		*2.9*	%
Free Cash Flow (Operating Cash Flow Less Capital Expenditures)		$1,911			2,335			2,579
Percent of sales		9.5	%		10.3	%		*10.4*	%
Operating Working Capital		$2,044			1,915			2,202
Percent of sales		10.1	%		8.5	%		*8.9*	%


	PAYMENTS DUE BY PERIOD
			LESS THAN						MORE THAN
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)	TOTAL		1 YEAR		1-3 YEARS		3-5 YEARS		5 YEARS
Long-term Debt (including interest)		$5,024		654		941		990		2,439
Operating Leases		649		194		231		108		116
Purchase Obligations		1,616		1,185		313		114		4
Total		$7,289		2,033		1,485		1,212		2,559


(SHARES IN MILLIONS)	2006		2007		2008
Basic		816.5		793.8		780.3
Dilutive shares		8.0		10.1		9.1
Diluted		824.5		803.9		789.4


	GROSS CARRYING AMOUNT				ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION				NET CARRYING AMOUNT
	2007		2008		2007		2008		2007		2008
Intellectual property and customer relationships	$	925		985		381		358		544		627
Capitalized software		729		805		558		613		171		192
	$	1,654		1,790		939		971		715		819


	2007		EXPENSE		PAID / UTILIZED		2008
Severance and benefits	$	28		49		44		33
Lease/contract terminations		8		3		6		5
Fixed asset write-downs		–		4		4		–
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs		1		8		8		1
Start-up and moving costs		–		34		33		1
	$	37		98		95		40


	2007					2008
	NOTIONAL		FAIR VALUE			NOTIONAL		FAIR VALUE
	AMOUNT		GAIN (LOSS)			AMOUNT		GAIN (LOSS)
Foreign currency:
Forwards	$	1,922		35			1,835		(24	)
Options	$	266		2			243		8
Interest rate swaps	$	113		(3	)		122		(2	)
Commodity contracts	$	509		45			324		(44	)


	2007			2008
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	251			467
Commercial paper		113			665
Payable to banks		19			17
Other		21			72
Total	$	404			1,221
Weighted-average short-term borrowing interest rate at year-end		3.2	%		2.6	%


	2007			2008
Benefit obligation, beginning	$	516			501
Service cost		6			5
Interest cost		29			29
Actuarial loss (gain)		(16	)		(24	)
Benefits paid		(37	)		(39	)
Acquisition/divestitures and other		3			(7	)
Benefit obligation, ending, recognized in balance sheet	$	501			465


Balance at October 1, 2007	$	149
Additions for current year tax positions		33
Additions for prior years tax positions		27
Reductions for prior years tax positions		(26	)
Reductions for settlements with tax authorities		(9	)
Reductions for expirations of statute of limitations		(6	)
Balance at September 30, 2008	$	168


	AVERAGE					TOTAL		AVERAGE
	EXERCISE PRICE					INTRINSIC VALUE		REMAINING
(SHARES IN THOUSANDS)	PER SHARE		SHARES			OF AWARDS		CONTRACTUAL LIFE
Beginning of year		$29.80		13,670
Options granted		$53.66		3,807
Options exercised		$28.29		(3,009	)
Options canceled		$44.36		(117	)
End of year		$36.31		14,351			$107		5.6
Exercisable at year-end		$29.03		9,600			$106		4.0


(SHARES IN THOUSANDS)	SHARES			AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE PER SHARE
Beginning of year		11,643			$35.99
Granted		355			$52.80
Earned/vested		(5,316	)		$31.08
Canceled		(49	)		$41.21
End of year		6,633			$40.79

GEOGRAPHIC
	SALES BY DESTINATION						PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
	2006		2007		2008		2006		2007		2008
United States	$	10,567		10,912		11,329		1,963		1,998		2,032
Europe		4,000		4,844		5,663		583		680		670
Asia		2,880		3,617		4,480		419		484		516
Latin America		855		1,009		1,262		177		197		229
Other regions		1,432		1,749		2,073		78		72		60
Total	$	19,734		22,131		24,807		3,220		3,431		3,507


	2007		2008
Employee compensation	$	563		609
Product warranty	$	197		204


	2007		2008
Deferred income taxes	$	519		533
Postretirement plans, excluding current portion		451		417
Retirement plans		296		325
Minority interest		191		188
Other		533		594
Total	$	1,990		2,057


	2006			2007			2008
Current:
Federal	$	394			606			539
State and local		57			58			50
Non-U.S.		310			364			496

Deferred:
Federal		73			(4	)		65
State and local		8			(14	)		(5	)
Non-U.S.		(8	)		(46	)		(8	)
Income tax expense	$	834			964			1,137


	2006			2007			2008
Federal corporate statutory rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
State and local taxes, less federal tax benefit		1.6			0.9			0.8
Non-U.S. rate differential		(3.4	)		(4.1	)		(4.2	)
Non-U.S. tax holidays		(1.6	)		(1.3	)		(0.9	)
Export benefit		(0.8	)		(0.2	)		-
U.S. manufacturing deduction		(0.4	)		(0.4	)		(0.8	)
Other		0.8			1.3			1.8
Effective income tax rate		31.2	%		31.2	%		31.7	%