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RESTRUCTURING COSTS
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
RESTRUCTURING COSTS RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring expense reflects costs associated with the Company’s ongoing efforts to improve operational efficiency and deploy assets globally in order to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. The Company expects fiscal 2025 restructuring expense and related costs to be approximately $140, including costs to complete actions initiated in the first six months of the year.

Restructuring expense by business segment follows:

 Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2024 2025 2024 2025 
Final Control$(7)2 $(4)4 
Measurement & Analytical2 3 
Discrete Automation5 17 11 
Safety & Productivity  
Intelligent Devices9 18 18 
Control Systems & Software6 8 
Test & Measurement14 4 54 3 
Software and Control 17 10 58 11 
Corporate11 2 37 3 
Total$30 21 $113 32 
Corporate restructuring for the three and six months ended March 31, 2025 includes $1 of integration-related stock compensation expense attributable to the AspenTech transaction. Corporate restructuring for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 of $11 and $37 respectively, is comprised almost entirely of integration-related stock compensation expense attributable to NI.
Details of the change in the liability for restructuring costs during the six months ended March 31, 2025 follow:
 Sept 30, 2024ExpenseUtilized/PaidMar 31, 2025
Severance and benefits$105 26 46 85 
Other6 8 5 
Total$112 32 54 90 
The tables above do not include $3 and $6 of costs related to restructuring actions incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively, that are required to be reported in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses; year-to-date amounts are $7 and $8, respectively.