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RESTRUCTURING COSTS
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
RESTRUCTURING COSTS RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Each year the Company incurs costs to size its businesses to levels appropriate for current economic conditions and to continually improve its cost structure and operational efficiency, deploy assets globally, and remain competitive on a worldwide basis. Costs result from numerous individual actions implemented across the Company's various operating units on an ongoing basis and can include costs for moving facilities to best-cost locations, restarting plants after relocation or geographic expansion to better serve local markets, reducing headcount or the number of facilities, exiting certain product lines, and other costs resulting from asset deployment decisions (such as contract termination costs, asset write-downs and vacant facility costs).
Restructuring expenses were $228, $72 and $75 for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company expects fiscal year 2025 restructuring and related costs to be approximately $120.
Restructuring costs by business segment follows:
2022 2023 2024 
Final Control$38 12 12 
Measurement & Analytical26 
Discrete Automation— 27 35 
Safety & Productivity10 — 7 
Intelligent Devices51 48 80 
Control Systems & Software11 11 
Test & Measurement— — 78 
AspenTech— 8 
Software and Control11 10 97 
Corporate13 14 51 
      Total$75 72 228 
Actions taken in 2024, 2023 and 2022 included workforce reductions of approximately 2,250, 700 and 2,150 positions and the exit of twenty-two, ten and seven production facilities and sales offices worldwide, respectively. Corporate restructuring for 2024 includes $43 of integration-related stock compensation expense attributable to NI.

The change in the liability for restructuring costs during the years ended September 30 follows:

2023 ExpenseUtilized/Paid2024 
Severance and benefits$85 191 171 105 
Other37 32 7 
     Total$87 228 203 112 

2022 ExpenseUtilized/Paid2023 
Severance and benefits$117 42 74 85 
Other30 33 
     Total$122 72 107 87 

The tables above do not include $16, $20 and $40 of costs related to restructuring actions incurred in 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively, that are required to be reported in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses.