Note 2 – Financial Instruments

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following tables show the Company’s cash and available-for-sale securities’ adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents or short- or long-term marketable securities as of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014 (in millions):


	March 28, 2015
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Marketable Securities		Long-Term Marketable Securities

Cash	$	9,879	$	0	$	0		$	9,879	$	9,879	$	0	$	0

Level 1 ⁽¹⁾:
Money market funds		1,457		0		0			1,457		1,457		0		0
Mutual funds		2,384		0		(126	)		2,258		0		2,258		0

Subtotal		3,841		0		(126	)		3,715		1,457		2,258		0


Level 2 ⁽²⁾:
U.S. Treasury securities		42,854		145		(12	)		42,987		0		1,791		41,196
U.S. agency securities		6,901		11		(2	)		6,910		585		1,056		5,269
Non-U.S. government securities		7,114		86		(80	)		7,120		41		271		6,808
Certificates of deposit and time deposits		3,473		0		0			3,473		1,163		1,252		1,058
Commercial paper		2,956		0		0			2,956		1,364		1,592		0
Corporate securities		100,658		427		(370	)		100,715		0		10,325		90,390
Municipal securities		942		5		(1	)		946		0		24		922
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities		14,782		75		(19	)		14,838		0		38		14,800

Subtotal		179,680		749		(484	)		179,945		3,153		16,349		160,443


Total	$	193,400	$	749	$	(610	)	$	193,539	$	14,489	$	18,607	$	160,443


	September 27, 2014
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Marketable Securities		Long-Term Marketable Securities

Cash	$	10,232	$	0	$	0		$	10,232	$	10,232	$	0	$	0

Level 1 ⁽¹⁾:
Money market funds		1,546		0		0			1,546		1,546		0		0
Mutual funds		2,531		1		(132	)		2,400		0		2,400		0

Subtotal		4,077		1		(132	)		3,946		1,546		2,400		0


Level 2 ⁽²⁾:
U.S. Treasury securities		23,140		15		(9	)		23,146		12		607		22,527
U.S. agency securities		7,373		3		(11	)		7,365		652		157		6,556
Non-U.S. government securities		6,925		69		(69	)		6,925		0		204		6,721
Certificates of deposit and time deposits		3,832		0		0			3,832		1,230		1,233		1,369
Commercial paper		475		0		0			475		166		309		0
Corporate securities		85,431		296		(241	)		85,486		6		6,298		79,182
Municipal securities		940		8		0			948		0		0		948
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities		12,907		26		(49	)		12,884		0		25		12,859

Subtotal		141,023		417		(379	)		141,061		2,066		8,833		130,162


Total	$	155,332	$	418	$	(511	)	$	155,239	$	13,844	$	11,233	$	130,162

⁽¹⁾

The fair value of Level 1 securities is estimated based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

⁽²⁾

The fair value of Level 2 securities is estimated based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

The Company may sell certain of its marketable securities prior to their stated maturities for strategic reasons including, but not limited to, anticipation of credit deterioration and duration management. The net realized gains or losses recognized by the Company related to such sales were not significant during the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable securities generally range from one to five years.

As of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014, gross unrealized losses related to individual securities that had been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer were not significant.

During the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014, the Company did not recognize any significant impairment charges. As of March 28, 2015, the Company considers the declines in market value of its marketable securities investment portfolio to be temporary in nature and does not consider any of its investments other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company typically invests in highly-rated securities, and its investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy generally requires investments to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating an investment for other-than-temporary impairment the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below its cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s cost basis.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivatives to partially offset its business exposure to foreign currency and interest rate risk on expected future cash flows, on net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries and on certain existing assets and liabilities. However, the Company may choose not to hedge certain exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations and the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures. There can be no assurance the hedges will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in foreign currency exchange or interest rates.

To help protect gross margins from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar may hedge a portion of forecasted foreign currency revenue, and subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar and who sell in local currencies may hedge a portion of forecasted inventory purchases not denominated in the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. The Company may enter into forward contracts, option contracts or other instruments to manage this risk and may designate these instruments as cash flow hedges. The Company typically hedges portions of its forecasted foreign currency exposure associated with revenue and inventory purchases, typically for up to 12 months.

To help protect the net investment in a foreign operation from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to offset the changes in the carrying amounts of these investments due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company designates these instruments as net investment hedges.

The Company may also enter into non-designated foreign currency contracts to partially offset the foreign currency exchange gains and losses generated by the re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies.

The Company may enter into interest rate swaps, options, or other instruments to manage interest rate risk. These instruments may offset a portion of changes in income or expense, or changes in fair value of the Company’s long-term debt or investments. The Company designates these instruments as either cash flow or fair value hedges. The Company’s hedged interest rate transactions as of March 28, 2015 are expected to be recognized within 12 years.

Cash Flow Hedges

The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Deferred gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of foreign currency revenue are recognized as a component of net sales in the same period as the related revenue is recognized, and deferred gains and losses related to cash flow hedges of inventory purchases are recognized as a component of cost of sales in the same period as the related costs are recognized. Deferred gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of interest income or expense are recognized in other income/(expense), net in the same period as the related income or expense is recognized.

The ineffective portions and amounts excluded from the effectiveness testing of cash flow hedges are recognized in other income/(expense), net. These amounts were not significant during the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014.

Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges must be de-designated as hedges when it is probable the forecasted hedged transaction will not occur in the initially identified time period or within a subsequent two-month time period. Deferred gains and losses in AOCI associated with such derivative instruments are reclassified immediately into other income/(expense), net. Any subsequent changes in fair value of such derivative instruments are reflected in other income/(expense), net unless they are re-designated as hedges of other transactions. The Company did not recognize any significant net gains or losses related to the loss of hedge designation on discontinued cash flow hedges during the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014.

Net Investment Hedges

The effective portions of net investment hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as a part of the cumulative translation adjustment. The ineffective portions and amounts excluded from the effectiveness testing of net investment hedges are recognized in other income/(expense), net. These amounts were not significant during the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014.

Fair Value Hedges

Gains and losses related to changes in fair value hedges are recognized in earnings along with a corresponding loss or gain related to the change in value of the underlying hedged item. The ineffective portions and amounts excluded from the effectiveness testing of fair value hedges recognized were not significant during the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014.

Non-Designated Derivatives

Derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings in the financial statement line item to which the derivative relates. The net gains and losses recognized for foreign currency forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments were not significant during the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014.

The Company records all derivatives in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company’s accounting treatment for these derivative instruments is based on its hedge designation. The following tables show the Company’s derivative instruments at gross fair value as of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014 (in millions):


	March 28, 2015
	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedge Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets ⁽¹⁾:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	3,045	$	86	$	3,131
Interest rate contracts	$	329	$	0	$	329

Derivative liabilities ⁽²⁾:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	27	$	91	$	118
Interest rate contracts	$	458	$	0	$	458

	September 27, 2014
	Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedge Instruments		Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments		Total Fair Value
Derivative assets ⁽¹⁾:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,332	$	222	$	1,554
Interest rate contracts	$	81	$	0	$	81

Derivative liabilities ⁽²⁾:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	41	$	40	$	81

⁽¹⁾

The fair value of derivative assets is measured using Level 2 fair value inputs and is recorded as other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

⁽²⁾

The fair value of derivative liabilities is measured using Level 2 fair value inputs and is recorded as accrued expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following tables show the pre-tax gains and losses of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow, net investment and fair value hedges on OCI and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three- and six-month periods ended March 28, 2015 and March 29, 2014 (in millions):


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 28, 2015			March 29, 2014			March 28, 2015			March 29, 2014
Gains/(Losses) recognized in OCI – effective portion:
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,591		$	(121	)	$	4,176		$	143
Interest rate contracts		(429	)		(27	)		(517	)		(6	)

Total	$	1,162		$	(148	)	$	3,659		$	137


Net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(6	)	$	(19	)	$	112		$	5


Gains/(Losses) reclassified from AOCI into net income – effective portion:
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,166		$	22		$	1,928		$	(52	)
Interest rate contracts		(353	)		(4	)		(452	)		(8	)

Total	$	813		$	18		$	1,476		$	(60	)


Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments:
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	122		$	0		$	239		$	0


Gains/(Losses) related to hedged items:
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	(122	)	$	0		$	(239	)	$	0

The following table shows the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments and credit risk amounts associated with outstanding or unsettled derivative instruments as of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014 (in millions):


	March 28, 2015				September 27, 2014
	Notional Amount		Credit Risk Amounts		Notional Amount		Credit Risk Amounts
Instruments designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	37,855	$	3,045	$	42,945	$	1,333
Interest rate contracts	$	18,013	$	329	$	12,000	$	89

Instruments not designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	27,486	$	86	$	38,510	$	222

The notional amounts for outstanding derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding and do not represent the amount of the Company’s exposure to credit or market loss. The credit risk amounts represent the Company’s gross exposure to potential accounting loss on derivative instruments that are outstanding or unsettled if all counterparties failed to perform according to the terms of the contract, based on then-current currency or interest rates at each respective date. The Company’s exposure to credit loss and market risk will vary over time as currency and interest rates change. Although the table above reflects the notional and credit risk amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments, it does not reflect the gains or losses associated with the exposures and transactions that the instruments are intended to hedge. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.

The Company generally enters into master netting arrangements, which are designed to reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. To further limit credit risk, the Company generally enters into collateral security arrangements that provide for collateral to be received or posted when the net fair value of certain financial instruments fluctuates from contractually established thresholds. The Company presents its derivative assets and derivative liabilities at their gross fair values in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014, the Company received $3.7 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, of cash collateral related to the derivative instruments under its collateral security arrangements, which were recorded as other current liabilities within accrued expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not have any derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features that would require it to post additional collateral as of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014.

Under master netting arrangements with the respective counterparties to the Company’s derivative contracts, the Company is allowed to net settle transactions with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. As of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014, the potential effects of these rights of set-off associated with the Company’s derivative contracts, including the effects of collateral, would be a reduction to both derivative assets and derivative liabilities of $3.6 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, resulting in net derivative liabilities of $859 million and $549 million, respectively.

Accounts Receivable

Trade Receivables

The Company has considerable trade receivables outstanding with its third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, value-added resellers, small and mid-sized businesses and education, enterprise and government customers that are not covered by collateral, third-party financing arrangements or credit insurance. As of March 28, 2015, the Company had one customer that represented 10% or more of total trade receivables, which accounted for 11%. As of September 27, 2014, the Company had two customers that represented 10% or more of total trade receivables, one of which accounted for 16% and the other 13%. The Company’s cellular network carriers accounted for 63% and 72% of trade receivables as of March 28, 2015 and September 27, 2014, respectively.

Vendor Non-Trade Receivables

Additionally, the Company has non-trade receivables from certain of its manufacturing vendors resulting from the sale of components to these vendors who manufacture sub-assemblies or assemble final products for the Company. Vendor non-trade receivables from three of the Company’s vendors accounted for 48%, 18% and 16% of total vendor non-trade receivables as of March 28, 2015 and three of the Company’s vendors accounted for 51%, 16% and 14% of total vendor non-trade receivables as of September 27, 2014.